international cricket

File:Historical cricket bat art.jpg

{{further|History of cricket|Laws of Cricket|Marylebone Cricket Club|International Cricket Council}}

There was no formal structure for international cricket until the early 20th century.{{cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/62/icc-organisation/history|title=History of the International Cricket Council|access-date=5 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327111914/http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/62/icc-organisation/history|archive-date=27 March 2015|url-status=dead}} In 1744, the Laws of Cricket were codified for the first time and then amended with new additions such as lbw and middle stump. The Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), founded in 1787; immediately became the custodian of the Laws and has made periodic revisions and recodifications subsequently.{{Cite web |date=2017-08-29 |title=Laws of Cricket |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/ |access-date=2024-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829203450/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/ |archive-date=29 August 2017 }} The first international match was contested in 1844 between teams representing the United States and Canada, at St George's Cricket Club in New York.{{cite web |title=19th Century Cricket |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/cricket/history-of-cricket/19th-century |website=International Cricket Council |location=Dubai |access-date=3 May 2024}} The ICC founded in 1909 as the Imperial Cricket Conference,{{Cite web |last=icc |title=About ICC Cricket {{!}} International Cricket Council |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/the-icc/history-of-icc/1909-1963 |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=icc |language=en}} overtook the governance of international cricket since, although the Laws of Cricket have remained under the governance of the MCC.{{Cite web |title=About the Laws of Cricket {{!}} MCC |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/about-the-laws-of-cricket |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=www.lords.org}}

File:1878AusTeamNiagraFalls.jpg

File:Trent Bridge Test Match, 1981- Alderman to Gower (geograph 2489133).jpg during a 1981 Test match as part of the Ashes.]]

Most Test, ODI and T20I matches take place in the form of "tours".{{Cite web |last=icc |title=About ICC Cricket {{!}} International Cricket Council |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/cricket/game-formats/the-three-formats |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=icc |language=en}} Test series can last from two to six matches, but some tours consist of only a single Test.{{Cite web |title=Test matches {{!}} Team records {{!}} List of series results |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/list-of-series-results-335431 |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}} Six-match series were common in the 1970s and early 1980s, with the last six-match series to date taking place in 1997–98 season between the West Indies and England.{{ESPNcricinfo 2|series|id=england-tour-of-west-indies-1997-98-61751|title=England tour of West Indies|access-date=22 December 2024}} The Ashes in England were six-match Test series between 1981 and 1997, but Australia reverted to five matches in its home series from 1982 to 1983.{{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/the-ashes-1|title=The Ashes, teams series results|access-date=22 December 2024}} ODI series generally last from three to seven matches.{{Cite web |title=ODI matches {{!}} Team records {{!}} List of series results |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/list-of-series-results-335432 |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}} T20I series last from one to five matches.{{Cite web |title=T20I matches {{!}} Team records {{!}} List of series results |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/list-of-series-results-335433 |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}} Tours may include a multi-team one-day tournament, often referred to as a "triangular" or "quadrangular" tournament.{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Pakistan to host tri-series ahead of Champions Trophy 2025: Which teams will be a part of it? {{!}} Sporting News India |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/in/cricket/news/pakistan-host-tri-series-odis-ahead-champions-trophy-2025-which-teams-will-be-part-it/6b130bad37bf6b121dca4e33 |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=www.sportingnews.com |language=en-in}}

Sometimes, a perpetual trophy is awarded to the winning team. Some notable perpetual trophies include:

{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}

• Anthony de Mello Trophy (IND v ENG in India){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/anthony-de-mello-trophy-868|title=Anthony de Mello Trophy, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}
• The Ashes (AUS v ENG){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/the-ashes-1|title=The Ashes, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}
• Basil D'Oliveira Trophy (ENG v SA){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/basil-d-oliveira-trophy-76|title=Basil D'Oliveira Trophy, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}
• Benaud–Qadir Trophy (AUS v PAK){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/benaud-qadir-trophy-920|title=Benaud–Qadir Trophy, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}
• Border–Gavaskar Trophy (AUS v IND){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/border-gavaskar-trophy-6|title=Border–Gavaskar Trophy, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}
• Chappell–Hadlee Trophy (AUS v NZ){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/chappell-hadlee-trophy-65|title=Chappell–Hadlee Trophy, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}
• Clive Lloyd Trophy (WIN v ZIM){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/clive-lloyd-trophy-10|title=Clive Lloyd Trophy, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}
• Crowe–Thorpe Trophy (NZ v ENG){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/crowe-thorpe-trophy-1076|title=Crowe–Thorpe Trophy, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}
• Frank Worrell Trophy (WIN v AUS){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/the-frank-worrell-trophy-3|title=The Frank Worrell Trophy, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}
• Freedom Trophy (IND v SA){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/freedom-trophy-201|title=Freedom Trophy, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}
• Pataudi Trophy (ENG v IND in England){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/pataudi-trophy-94|title=Pataudi Trophy, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}
• Richards–Botham Trophy (ENG v WIN){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/botham-richards-trophy-919|title=Botham–Richards Trophy, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}
• Sir Vivian Richards Trophy (SA v WIN){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/sir-vivian-richards-trophy-9|title=Sir Vivian Richards Trophy, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}
• Sobers–Tissera Trophy (WIN v SL){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/sobers-tissera-trophy-207|title=Sobers/Tissera Trophy, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}
• Southern Cross Trophy (AUS v ZIM){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/southern-cross-trophy-8|title=Southern Cross Trophy, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}
• Tangiwai Shield (NZ v SA){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/tangiwai-shield-1035|title=Tangiwai Shield, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}
• Trans-Tasman Trophy (AUS v NZ){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/trans-tasman-trophy-5|title=Trans-Tasman Trophy, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}
• Warne–Muralitharan Trophy (AUS v SL){{ESPNcricinfo 2|trophy|ref=team-series-results/warne-muralitharan-trophy-99|title=Warne–Muralitharan Trophy, team series results|access-date=22 December 2024}}

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{{main|ICC Future Tours Programme}}

The ICC Future Tours Programme (abbreviated as ICC FTP) is a schedule of international cricket tours and tournaments which structure the programme of cricket events for ICC full members and associate members with ODI status, over a period of time.

The FTP schedules bilateral cricket tours with the objective of each team playing each other at least once at home and once away over a period of 10 years known as the "Ten Year Plan" since 2006. If the cricket boards of two individual countries reach an agreement, they can play more than two series.{{Cite web |first=Lynn |last=McConnell |date=2001-02-11 |title=ICC meeting confirms Youth World Cup for NZ and 10-year plan |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/icc-meeting-confirms-youth-world-cup-for-nz-and-10-year-plan-99107 |access-date=2025-02-26 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}{{Cite web |first=Jon |last=Long |date=2006-03-21 |title=Future Tours Program adopted, ICC events discussions to continue in April |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/future-tours-program-adopted-icc-events-discussions-to-continue-in-april-241569 |access-date=2024-12-23 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=23 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223082617/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/future-tours-program-adopted-icc-events-discussions-to-continue-in-april-241569 |url-status=live }} The FTP also schedules associate tri-nation series with the objective of each team playing each other at least once at home, once away and once at a neutral venue over a cycle of 4 years since 2019.{{Cite web |date=2020-04-20 |title=What hopes are there for proposed series in Associate FTP 2019-2023? |publisher=Czarsportz Global |url=https://czarsportzauto.com/what-hopes-are-there-for-proposed-series-in-associate-ftp-2019-2023/ |access-date=2025-02-23 |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=2023-02-04 |title=What can Associate nations expect from ICC Future Tours Program (FTP) 2023-2027? |publisher=Czarsportz Global |url=https://czarsportzauto.com/icc-future-tours-program-ftp-2023-2027/ |access-date=2025-02-23 |language=en-US |archive-date=30 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730092357/https://czarsportzauto.com/icc-future-tours-program-ftp-2023-2027/ |url-status=live }} If a team does not want to travel to a particular country for a bilateral or tri-nation series due to security reasons, then, by the mutual agreement of the respective boards, that series can be shifted to a neutral venue such as the UAE or any other country where the facilities are deemed adequate.{{Cite web |first1=Sharda |last1=Ugra |first2=Nagraj |last2=Gollapudi |date=2014-01-29 |title=What happened at the ICC meeting? |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/what-happened-at-the-icc-meeting-713667 |access-date=2025-02-26 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2024-12-19 |title=Hybrid model agreed for Champions Trophy and ICC events from 2024-27 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-to-play-2025-champions-trophy-matches-at-neutral-venue-1465887 |access-date=2025-02-26 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=22 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222043820/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-to-play-2025-champions-trophy-matches-at-neutral-venue-1465887 |url-status=live }}

Additionally, it has also scheduled ICC tournaments over a period of 4 years known as an "ICC Events cycle" since 2024. Each cycle consists of one men's Cricket World Cup, one women's Cricket World Cup, one ICC Champions Trophy, one ICC Women's Champions Trophy, two men's T20 World Cups and two women's T20 World Cups.{{Cite web |first=Nagraj |last=Gollapudi |date=2020-02-21 |title=FAQs: How will the bidding process work for the next ICC cycle? |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/faqs-how-will-the-bidding-process-work-for-the-next-icc-cycle-1216943 |access-date=2024-12-22 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225130143/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/faqs-how-will-the-bidding-process-work-for-the-next-icc-cycle-1216943 |url-status=live }}

{{International cricket competitions sidebar}}

The main international competitions organized by ICC are ICC World Test Championship, Cricket World Cup, ICC Champions Trophy and Men's T20 World Cup for men's, Women's Cricket World Cup, Women's T20 World Cup and ICC Women's Champions Trophy for women's, and Under-19 Men's Cricket World Cup and Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup for Under-19 teams.

Cricket was originally scheduled to be included in the inaugural Olympics in Athens but was cancelled due to insufficient entries. A men's cricket tournament was introduced as medal sport in the second Olympics but was cancelled in the following Olympics due to lack of entries.{{Cite news |date=2017-04-12 |title=Why does cricket not yet have a slot at the Olympics? What are the complications? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thread/sports/no-spot-the-olympics-its-not-cricket/article17949431.ece |access-date=2024-12-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}} Both men's and women's cricket are to be reintroduced in the 2028 Olympics in Los Angeles.{{Cite web |title=Cricket to make summer Olympics return after 128 years for 2028 LA Games |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/confirmed-cricket-to-return-in-la-olympics-in-2028-1402174 |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}} A men's cricket tournament was played at the 1998 Commonwealth Games,https://olympics.com/en/news/cricket-commonwealth-games-1998-kuala-lumpur a women's cricket tournament was played at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, and both tournaments were to be included in the 2026 Commonwealth Games but was cancelled following the announcement of a streamlined event.{{Cite news |last=Snape |first=Jack |date=2024-10-22 |title=Rugby, hockey and cricket cut from streamlined 2026 Commonwealth Games |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/oct/22/commonwealth-games-2026-schedule-scotland |access-date=2024-12-24 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}

Both men's and women's cricket were introduced in the 2010 Asian Games,{{Cite web |date=2011-12-22 |title=Asiad: OCA green lights cricket for 2010 Asian Games - INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/sports/view/20070417-60980/Asiad:_OCA_green_lights_cricket_for_2010_Asian_Games |access-date=2024-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222011116/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/sports/view/20070417-60980/Asiad:_OCA_green_lights_cricket_for_2010_Asian_Games |archive-date=22 December 2011 }} were removed in the 2018 Asian Games,{{Cite web |date=2017-04-20 |title=Cricket removed from 2018 Asian Games programme |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/cricket-removed-from-2018-asian-games-programme-4621045/ |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}} and were reintroduced in the 2022 Asian Games.{{Cite news |title=Cricket to make Asian Games return at Hangzhou 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/cricket-to-make-asian-games-return-at-hangzhou-2022/articleshow/68251398.cms |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20190327131034/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/cricket-to-make-asian-games-return-at-hangzhou-2022/articleshow/68251398.cms |archive-date=2019-03-27 |access-date=2024-12-24 |work=The Times of India}} Men's cricket was played in the Pacific Games (South Pacific Games until 2007) since 1979, and women's cricket was played since 2015, until 2019 and both tournaments were removed in 2023 as a result of the Pacific Games charter amendment in 2019.{{cite web |url=https://websites.sportstg.com/get_file.cgi?id=36687313 |title=Pacific Games Council |format=PDF 705 KB |date=24 December 2024 |access-date=17 June 2021 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.solomonchamber.com.sb/media/1723/sol2023-update.pdf |title=SOL2023 PACIFIC GAMES MASTER PLAN |format=PDF 747 KB |work=National Hosting Authority - Sol2023 |access-date=24 December 2024 }} A men's cricket tournament was played at the 2010 South Asian Games,{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh get first-ever Asian Games gold |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asian-games-men-s-cricket-competition-2010-11-485152/afghanistan-vs-bangladesh-final-485185/match-report |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}} and both men's cricket and women's cricket were introduced in the 2019 South Asian Games.{{cite web | url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1076301/new-date-set-for-delayed-13th-south-asian-games-in-nepal | title=New date set for delayed 13th South Asian Games in Nepal | date=3 March 2019 }} Both men's cricket and women's cricket have been played in the SEA Games since 2017.{{Cite web |date=2017-07-31 |title=4 new sports we can now watch in 2017 SEA Games |url=https://www.redbull.com/my-en/6-new-sports-watch-2017-sea-games |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Red Bull |language=en-my}} Both men's cricket and women's cricket have been played in the African Games since 2023.{{Cite web |date=2022-02-21 |title=Cricket to feature in 2023 Africa Games |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/cricket-to-feature-in-2023-africa-games/ |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}

The Men's and the Women's Asia Cup are the only two non-ICC competitions featured in the ICC Future Tours Programme.{{Cite journal |title=2023–2027 ICC Men's FTP |url=https://i.imgci.com/db/DOWNLOAD/0000/0045/men-s_ftp_2023_2027.pdf |date=17 August 2022 |journal=ICC Men's Future Tours Programme |publisher=International Cricket Council |volume=4 |via=ESPNcricinfo}}{{Cite journal |title=2025–2029 ICC Women's FTP |url=https://images.icc-cricket.com/image/upload/prd/momiku5h9eyqzp5tohdb.pdf |date=4 November 2024 |journal=ICC Women's Future Tours Programme |publisher=International Cricket Council |volume=2 }}

{{main|ICC Men's Test Team Rankings}}

In essence, after every Test series, the two teams involved receive points based on a mathematical formula. The total of each team's points total is divided by the total number of matches to give a 'rating', and the Test-playing teams are by order of rating (this can be shown in a table).{{cite web|url=http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/536b1a832b48f-Reliance%20ICC%20Test%20Team%20Rankings%20FAQs%202014.pdf|title=Reliance ICC Test Team Rankings – frequently asked questions |access-date=5 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002153151/http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/536b1a832b48f-Reliance%20ICC%20Test%20Team%20Rankings%20FAQs%202014.pdf |archive-date=2 October 2014 |url-status=live }}

From 2002 to 2019, the top-ranked Test team was awarded with the ICC Test Championship mace and the top team at each 1 April cut-off (until 2019) was also awarded a cash prize, the winners of which are listed below. The mace is now awarded to the winners of the ICC World Test Championship.

The following table shows the test mace won by each team:

• Source: ICC''{{Cite web |title=A retrospective: How the mace has changed hands |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/626132 |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=icc-cricket.com |language=en}}

{{main|ICC Men's ODI Team Rankings|ICC Women's ODI Team Rankings}}

The ICC ODI Team Rankings were created, and are run, by the ICC for reasons similar to the Test Rankings. The rankings are simply an international ranking scheme overlaid on the regular ODI (One Day International) match schedule. After every ODI match, the two teams involved receive points based on a mathematical formula. The total of each team's points total is divided by the total number of matches to give a rating, and all teams are ranked on a table in order of rating.{{cite web|url=http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/536b1a48c16e5-Reliance%20ICC%20ODI%20Team%20Rankings%20FAQs%202014.pdf|title=Reliance ICC One-Day International Team Rankings -frequently asked questions |access-date=5 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106041916/http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/536b1a48c16e5-Reliance%20ICC%20ODI%20Team%20Rankings%20FAQs%202014.pdf |archive-date=6 January 2015 |url-status=live }} The ranking does not replace the World Cup; the latter still carries much more significance to most cricket fans.

The ranking consisted two separate tables until merged into a single table in 2018. The ten ICC Full Members that play Test cricket were automatically listed on the main table while the six Associate Members with One Day International status were listed on a secondary table, but are eligible for promotion to the main table by meeting certain criteria.{{cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/associate-affiliate-rankings|title=Associate & Affiliate Rankings|access-date=5 March 2015|archive-date=8 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008125623/http://www.icc-cricket.com/associate-affiliate-rankings|url-status=dead}}

{{main|ICC Men's T20I Team Rankings|ICC Women's T20I Team Rankings}}

As with the Test and ODI Rankings, the ICC T20I Team Rankings are an international T20 ranking system run by the ICC. It is simply a ranking scheme overlaid on the regular T20I match schedule.{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/current/story/537775.html|title=Twenty20 rankings launched with England on top|access-date=24 October 2011}} After every T20I match, the two teams involved receive points based on a mathematical formula. The total of each team's points total is divided by the total number of matches to give a rating, and all teams are ranked on a table in order of rating.{{cite web|url=http://icc-cricket.com/newsdetails.php?newsId=17485_1319103480|title=David Richardson previews the release of the Reliance ICC T20I Rankings|access-date=24 October 2011}}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{cite web|url=http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/536b1a5f46ebb-Reliance%20ICC%20T20I%20Team%20Rankings%20FAQs%202014.pdf|title=Reliance ICC T20 International Team Rankings – frequently asked questions |access-date=5 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002153152/http://icc-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/media/about_docs/536b1a5f46ebb-Reliance%20ICC%20T20I%20Team%20Rankings%20FAQs%202014.pdf |archive-date=2 October 2014 |url-status=live }} This ranking does not replace the ICC World Twenty20 competition.

{{reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

• [https://www.icc-cricket.com/index ICC – Official website]
• [https://www.icc-cricket.com/rankings ICC Team Rankings]
• [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/index.html International cricket calendar] at ESPNcricinfo

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Category:International Cricket Council