lithopedion

|Bering Sinkhole, modern Kerr County, Texas

|1100 BCE

|

|Earliest known lithopedion, found in an archaeological excavation.{{cite journal |last1=Rothschild | first1=BM | last2=Rothschild | first2=C | last3=Bernent | first3=LG |title=Three-millennium antiquity of the lithokelyphos variety of lithopedion |journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=169 |issue=1 |pages=140–41 |date=July 1993 |pmid=8333440 |doi=10.1016/0002-9378(93)90148-c }}

|4th century CE

|

|Found in a Gallo-Roman archaeological site.{{Cite magazine |last=Rose |first=Mark |title=Origins of Syphilis |url=https://archive.archaeology.org/9701/newsbriefs/syphilis.html |volume=50 |issue=1 |date=January–February 1997 |access-date=2023-05-09 |magazine=Archaeology Magazine |archive-date=24 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224192023/http://www.archaeology.org/9701/newsbriefs/syphilis.html |url-status=live }}

|rowspan="2"|Unknown

|Late 10th century

|The case referred by Abulcasis. The patient was pregnant in two separate occasions but never gave birth. "A long time" after, she developed a large swelling in the navel area, that turned into a suppurating wound and would not heal despite receiving treatment. This continued until Abulcasis removed several fetal bones through the wound, which initially shocked Abulcasis, as he had never known of a similar case. The patient largely recovered her health, but she continued to suppurate through the wound.{{cite book |last=Schumann |first=Edward A. |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.aa0002075729&view=1up&seq=11 |title=Extra-uterine pregnancy |series=Gynecological and obstetrical monographs |publisher=Appleton |year=1921 |location=New York |lccn=31005951 |oclc=951855728 |via=HathiTrust }} {{free access}}

|Pomponischi, Duchy of Mantua

|1540

|The patient had a failed pregnancy followed by a successful one, after which she fell sick and rapidly lost weight. Christopher Bain, a travelling surgeon, practised an incision and extracted "the skeleton of a male child". She recovered fully and went on to have four more children.

|Sens, Kingdom of France

|1554

|1582
(28 years)

|Chatri became pregnant for the first time at 40, but never gave birth after breaking her water and going through labor pains. She was bedridden for the next three years, during which she noticed a hard tumor on her lower abdomen, and complained of tiredness and abdominal pains for the rest of her life. After her death, her widower requested two physicians to examine her body, who discovered a fully formed, petrified baby girl, with remains of hair and a single tooth. By 1653 the lithopedion had come into the possession of King Frederick III of Denmark, who consented to show it to Thomas Bartholin, but not to examine it further.

|Pont-à-Mousson, Lorraine, Holy Roman Empire

|1629

|1659
(30 years)

|{{cite book|title=Encyclopédie, Ou Dictionnaire Universel Raisonné Des Connoissances Humaines|volume=3. Con–Impu| year=1775|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oy9amuBtkfsC | via=Google Books |last1=Félice |first1=Fortuné Barthélemy de }}

|1645

|1661
(16 years)

|

|Toulouse, Kingdom of France

|1653

|1678
(25 years)

|Originally from the Gascon village of Viulas near Lombez, Mathieu gave birth to ten children but only three survived infancy. At 37, she became pregnant, carried to full term and broke her water for the eleventh time, but never gave birth despite the efforts of a physician. She suffered from acute abdominal pain for two months, vaginal bleeding for five months, and felt discomfort for the rest of her life. This only eased when she laid on her back, making her bedridden and she experienced periodic paroxysmal attacks. Her case became notorious and her symptoms were popularly attributed to a spell cast by a sorceress whom Mathieu had rejected as a midwife. She consented to a public, three-day long necropsy after her death, which was attended by four doctors, three surgeons and their assistants. They found the calcified umbilical cord, placenta and a fully formed baby boy inside that weighed 3,916 grams ({{cvt|3916|g|lboz|sigfig=2|disp=out}}). The lithopedion was found floating in white, odorless pus, which made it semi-mobile and would explain Mathieu's claim that she could still feel the baby moving inside her. The lithopedion was extensively described and pictured in a published memoir by François Bayle, one of the doctors present.

|Leeuwarden, United Provinces

|c. 1692

|1694
(21 months)

|A 21-month-old, intra-tubarian lithopedion was removed successfully from a living woman by Cyprien, a teacher of anatomy and surgery at the University of Franeker.

|Leinzell, Swabia, Holy Roman Empire

|1674

|1720
(46 years)

|Aged 48, Mullern became pregnant, broke her water and went through labor pains for seven weeks without giving birth, retaining a swollen belly afterwards. She would suffer pain when exercising for the rest of her life, but she was able to become pregnant again and gave birth to healthy dizygotic twins. Convinced that she had been pregnant and carried the previous baby with her still, Mullern made the local physician and surgeon swear that they would open her body after her death. The physician did not survive her, but the elderly surgeon fulfilled his promise with the help of his son, finding "a hard mass of the form and size of a large Ninepin-Bowl" that contained a petrified fetus inside. It was examined by George I of Britain's personal physician Johann Georg Steigerthal, who wrote an account of it.{{cite book | title=The Two-Headed Boy, and Other Medical Marvels | pages=46–47 | last1=Bondeson | first1=Jan |isbn=978-0801489587 | oclc=56642689 | publisher=Cornell University Press | location= Ithaca, N.Y. | year= 2004 }}

|Joigny, Kingdom of France

|1716

|1747
(31 years)

|Patient was in her second pregnancy after a natural abortion four years before. De Bresse took it to full term and underwent labor pains for two days, but never had vaginal dilatation. After the midwife gave up, an assembly of doctors and physicians from Troyes decided unanimously that the best was to perform a cesarean section, but she refused. She continued having abdominal pains for a month and could not resume work before eight. She never regained her period and continued lactating for thirty years. At 61, she was hospitalized for chest inflammation and died shortly after. The autopsy found an oval mass the size of a man's head embedded in her right fallopian tube, which weighed 8 pounds ({{cvt|8|lb|disp=out}}) and contained a fully formed baby boy with hair, two incisors and remains of amniotic fluid. The envelope was not fully calcified.{{cite journal| last=Morand |first=S.F. | author-link=Sauveur François Morand | year=1748 | title=Histoire de l'Enfant de Joigny, qui a été treinte-un ans dans le ventre de sa mère; avec de remarques sur les phénoménes de cette espèce | trans-title=Story of the Child of Joigny, who was thirty-one years old in his mother's womb; with remarks on the phenomena of this species | journal=Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences | volume= MDCCXLVIII | publisher=Académie des Sciences| pages=108–122 | language=fr | url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3546r/f258.item.r=Joigny| via=Gallica (Bibliothèque Nationale de France)}} {{free access}}

|London, Kingdom of Great Britain

|1741

|1747
(6 years)

|"A dead infant" was found in the belly, outside of the womb, during an autopsy performed at the request of the patient. In the time between her failed pregnancy and her own death, Ball became pregnant and gave birth four times without complications.

|Modern Libkovice, Czech Republic

|18th century

|

|Found in a burial site at St. Nicholas Church cemetery. Could be lithopedion or fetus in fetu.{{Cite journal |last1=Kwiatkowska |first1=Barbara |last2=Bisiecka |first2=Agata |last3=Pawelec |first3=Łukasz |last4=Witek |first4=Agnieszka |last5=Witan |first5=Joanna |last6=Nowakowski |first6=Dariusz |last7=Konczewski |first7=Paweł |last8=Biel |first8=Radosław |last9=Król |first9=Katarzyna |last10=Martewicz |first10=Katarzyna |last11=Lissek |first11=Petr |last12=Vařeka |first12=Pavel |last13=Lipowicz |first13=Anna |date=2021-07-02 |title=Differential diagnosis of a calcified cyst found in an 18th century female burial site at St. Nicholas Church cemetery (Libkovice, Czechia) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=16 |issue=7 |pages=e0254173 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0254173 |pmid=34214114 |pmc=8253445 |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1654173K |issn=1932-6203|doi-access=free }}

|Kvikne, Hedmark, Denmark-Norway

|1803

|1813
(10 years)

|Patient "gave birth" to a petrified baby divided in two parts, through a cut performed over Jonsdatter's belly button. She lived for many years after without any further problems.{{cite journal | last=Bjerke | first=Ernst | title= Et "tiaarigt Svangerskab" | trans-title=A pregnancy of 10-years duration | journal= Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen | date= 2007-12-13 | volume=127 | issue=24 | pages=3249–3253 | language=no | pmid=18084382 | quote=Citing Otto Christian Stengel's "Udfaldet af et tiaarigt Svangerskab" in Eyr, Vol. 2, 1827, pp. 134–37, et al. | url=https://tidsskriftet.no/sites/default/files/pdf2007--3249-53.pdf}}

|Frankfort, New York, United States

|c. 1802

|1852
(c. 50 years)

|Aged 27 and in her first pregnancy, Eddy went through what seemed to be labor pains after an accident with a large kettle over the fire, but the pains disappeared a few days later and she never gave birth. William H. H. Parkhurst examined her in 1842, noting the "largeness, hardness and irregularity" of her abdominal lump; he would perform her autopsy in front of 20 witnesses when she died a decade later. During the process Parkhurst found "a perfect formed child... weighing 6 pounds avoirdupois (2.7 kilograms)" who "had no adhesions or connections with the mother except to the Fallopian tubes, and the blood vessels which nourished it, and which were given off from the mesenteric arteries... the child was almost floating in the abdomen."{{cite journal |title=Lithopedion from the Case of Dr. William H. H. Parkhurst, 1853 |first1=Grace Parkhurst |last1=Bernard |journal=Bulletin of the History of Medicine |volume=21 |issue=3 |year=1947 |pages=377–378 |pmid=20257377 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44441156 | publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|jstor=44441156 }}

|Zittau, German Empire

|1823

|1880
(57 years)

|Lehmann, a widow from Olbersdorf, was diagnosed with lithopedion in 1823 by an obstetrician in Zittau, and treated by Küchenmeister before he moved to Dresden in 1859. Upon her death, Küchenmeister performed her autopsy and used her case to describe the lythokeliphos category.

|London & Devon, Great Britain

|Jan–June 1929 (presumed)

|1930-02-24
(seven months)

|"Skiagram confirmed...the fœtus was lying among coils of small intestine"{{Cite journal |last=Griffith |first=H. K. |date=September 1930 |title=A Case of Lithopædion |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine |volume=23 |issue=11 |pages=1542 |issn=0035-9157 |pmc=2182179 |pmid=19987758}}

|Yazoo City, Mississippi, United States

|c. 1930

|1933
(c. 2–3 years)

|While performing surgery to remove a tumor on a woman from Inverness, Mississippi, Dr. L.T. Miller discovered the lithopedion "that had become petrified to the right of the tumor."{{cite news |author= |date=13 October 1933 |title=Unusual case is treated by colored doctor |url=https://www.newspapers.com/ |work=Yazoo Herald |location=Yazoo City, Mississippi |publication-date=13 October 1933 |page=1 |access-date=6 January 2018 |url-access=subscription |quote=Dr. Miller states that he knew there was a growth of some kind in the stomach besides the tumor, and was much surprised after removing the tumor to discover a lithopaedion, a dead foetus (child) that had become petrified to the right of the tumor. |archive-date=12 November 1996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961112090228/https://www.newspapers.com/ |url-status=live }}

|Jamaica

|1957

|1966
(9 years)

|The patient, who had given birth previously, had a swollen belly and noted movement inside, but did not believe she was pregnant because she continued to menstruate, albeit irregularly. The movements ceased shortly after being admitted to a Kingston hospital but the bleeding and pain continued until she was operated on 8 months later. Although her belly had deflated, the patient still felt a mass inside, but was dismissed by her doctor. The pain resumed years later, when the woman had migrated to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and she was relieved of an oval-shaped, calcified mass of 8 × 4 × 3 cm.{{cite journal |last1=Chase |first1=A. L. |title=Lithopedion |journal=Canadian Medical Association Journal |volume=99 |issue=5 |year=1968 |pages=226–30 |pmid=5671128 |pmc=1924357}}

|Thailand

|1959

|1987
(28 years)

|A 60-year-old woman presented with an abdominal mass that she had had for 28 years, with no additional symptoms being reported. Scans revealed the nature of the mass to be a lithopedion. Surgical removal yielded a well-preserved calcified dead foetus weighing 1060 grams and the patient recovered uneventfully.{{cite journal |first1=Jatupol |last1=Srisomboon |first2=Trong |last2=Maneewattana |first3=Suri |last3=Simarak |first4=Sompong |last4=Koonlertkij |first5=Pannee |last5=Sirivatanapa |date=March 1988 |title=Chronic abdominal pregnancy (Lithopedion): A case report |url=http://thailand.digitaljournals.org/index.php/CMMJ/article/view/9795 |journal=Chiang Mai Medical Journal |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=45–52 |access-date=10 February 2014 |archive-date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424162434/https://thailand.digitaljournals.org/index.php/CMMJ/article/view/9795 |url-status=dead }}

|Republic of China

|1950

|1999
(49 years)

|Patient was originally diagnosed with a benign tumor in 1950, but refused the operation to extract it.{{Cite journal |last1=Chang |first1=C M |last2=Yu |first2=K J |last3=Lin |first3=J J |last4=Sheu |first4=M H |last5=Chang |first5=C Y |date=2001-06-01 |title=Lithopedion |url=https://europepmc.org/article/med/11534806 |journal=Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi = Chinese Medical Journal; Free China ed |volume=64 |issue=6 |pages=369–372 |issn=0578-1337 |pmid=11534806}}

|Washington, United States

|1962

|1999; not extracted
(37 years)

|Admitted with abdominal pain, the patient reported to have "missed the baby" during a pregnancy 37 years prior, but refused intervention. She suffered no consequences and carried a second intrauterine pregnancy to term with no problem. Pain episode resolved and patient released without attempt of extraction.{{cite journal |author=Frayer CA, Hibbert ML |title=Abdominal pregnancy in a 67-year-old woman undetected for 37 years. A case report |journal=The Journal of Reproductive Medicine |volume=44 |issue=7 |pages=633–35 |date=July 1999 |pmid=10442329|last2=Hibbert }}

|Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

|1982

|2000
(18 years)

|The "patient reported regular abdominal growth and healthy fetal activity from a pregnancy that happened 18 years earlier. She had never done pre-natal follow-up. In the third trimester, she felt strong cramps in the lower abdomen at the same time that fetal activity disappeared. She had not looked for medical assistance and some weeks later she eliminated a dark red mass through the vagina with a placental appearance. She had experienced the characteristic modifications of breast lactation. The abdomen had started to decrease but retained an infra-umbilical mass of about 20 centimeters in diameter, mobile and painless."

|Grand Casablanca, Morocco

|1955

|2001
(46 years)

|Probably the most documented case. Heavily pregnant, Aboutalib went through labor pains for 48 hours at her home before being taken to a hospital, where she was scheduled for a cesarean section. However, after witnessing another young woman dying during the procedure she feared for her life and fled the hospital. The pain ceased days later and did not return for 46 years, when the still unidentified lithopedion was initially mistaken for an ovarian tumor. Aboutalib never bore children again after her ectopic pregnancy, but adopted three.{{cite web|title=Zahra Aboutalib – The 46 Year Pregnancy|url=http://www.rarehumans.com/zahra-aboutalib-the-46-year-pregnancy/|publisher=RareHumans.com|accessdate=21 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727230805/http://www.rarehumans.com/zahra-aboutalib-the-46-year-pregnancy|archive-date=27 July 2013}}{{cite web|last=Rosenhek|first=Jackie|title=Fetal rock|url=http://www.doctorsreview.com/history/fetal-rock/|work=Doctor's Review|publisher=Parkhurst|accessdate=21 August 2013|date=September 2008|location=Montreal|archive-date=24 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424162425/http://www.doctorsreview.com/history/fetal-rock/|url-status=dead}}{{Cite episode |title=The 46-Year Pregnancy |series=Extraordinary People |network=Channel 5 (UK) |date=23 March 2005 |season=3 |number=1 |minutes=60}}

|South Africa

|1960

|2001
(c. 40 years)

|An 80-year-old woman presented in the outpatient department with severe abdominal pain. Ultrasound examination revealed a large echogenic mass (20 × 20 cm) in the right upper quadrant. An abdominal X-ray demonstrated the skeleton of a fully developed extrauterine fetus. It is presumed from the patient's history that this fetus was present for at least 40 years. Radiography revealed a fetus shrouded in a mantle of calcification. The fetus was hyper-flexed with other signs of "intrauterine" death. Fetal dentition charts dated the fetus at 34 weeks, the epiphyses being obscured by extensive calcification. In addition to subcutaneous calcification there was extensive visceral and intracranial calcification.{{cite journal |last1=Lachman |first1=N |last2=Satyapal |first2=KS |last3=Kalideen |first3=JM |last4=Moodley |first4=TR |title=Lithopedion: a case report |journal=Clinical Anatomy |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=52–54 |year=2001 |pmid=11135399 |doi=10.1002/1098-2353(200101)14:1<52::AID-CA1009>3.0.CO;2-H |s2cid=21390235 }}

|Daegu, South Korea

|1961

|2001
(40 years)

|Postterm abdominal pregnancy extended beyond nine months, after which fetal movement ceased and the mother suffered from vaginal bleeding, but never gave birth. The patient became pregnant again and gave birth to a healthy baby girl two years later.{{cite journal |first1=Mi Suk |last1=Kim |first2=Soyoon |last2=Park |first3=Tae Sung |last3=Lee |title=Old abdominal pregnancy presenting as an ovarian neoplasm |journal=Journal of Korean Medical Science |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=274–75 |date=April 2002 |pmid=11961318 |pmc=3054860 |doi=10.3346/jkms.2002.17.2.274}}

|Ghana

|1990

|2002
(12 years)

|Third pregnancy after two natural miscarriages. Patient experienced abdominal pain, bilateral tubal blockage and infertility.{{Cite journal |last1=Burger |first1=Natalie Z. |last2=Hung |first2=Y. Elizabeth |last3=Kalof |first3=Alexandra N. |last4=Casson |first4=Peter R. |date=May 2007 |title=Lithopedion: laparoscopic diagnosis and removal |url=https://txfertility.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/38-Lithopedion-laproscopic-diagnosis-and-removal.pdf |journal=Fertility and Sterility |language=en |volume=87 |issue=5 |pages=1208–1209 |doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.065 |pmid=17289039 |access-date=9 May 2023 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327144232/http://txfertility.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/38-Lithopedion-laproscopic-diagnosis-and-removal.pdf |url-status=live }}

|Burla, Odisha, India

|1999

|2007
(8 years)

|Only known case of twin lithopedia. One embryo grew in each ovary until both died 5 months into development; the patient assumed she had suffered a normal natural miscarriage. She had pain in both sides of the lower abdomen through the following 8 years, when it was joined by abdominal distention, vomiting and intestinal constipation.

|Curaren, Francisco Morazán, Honduras

|1995

|2008
(13 years)

|The ectopic pregnancy happened shortly after the birth of the patient's first child. Afterwards she was pregnant seven times more, giving birth to her last child just two months before the diagnosis.{{cite journal |

title=Litopedión | journal=Revista Médica Hondureña | volume=74 | issue=3 | year=2006 | publisher=Colegio Médico de Honduras | location=Tegucigalpa, Honduras | url=http://www.bvs.hn/RMH/pdf/2006/pdf/Vol74-3-2006-6.pdf | first1=Claudia | last1=Contreras | first2=Virgilio Cardona | last2=López | page=782 | language=es | access-date=16 November 2013 | archive-date=23 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923195558/http://www.bvs.hn/RMH/pdf/2006/pdf/Vol74-3-2006-6.pdf | url-status=live }}

|Northern Cape, South Africa

|1986

|2011; not extracted
(25 years)

|Fourth pregnancy, when the patient was aged 44. Resulted in infertility, which was taken for a case of early menopause, but was otherwise asymptomatic.{{cite journal |last1=Ede |first1=J |last2=Sobnach |first2=S |last3=Castillo |first3=F |last4=Bhyat |first4=A |last5=Corbett |first5=JH |title=The lithopedion – an unusual cause of an abdominal mass |journal=South African Journal of Surgery |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=140–41 |date=August 2011 |pmid=21933501 }}

|Malongo, Democratic Republic of the Congo

|2009

|2011
(3 years)

|Patient went through the same experience as in her previous eight pregnancies, but "the baby never came out". Surgeons retrieved a calcified 32 weeks fetus from the abdominal cavity; the ovaries and uterus were intact and the patient had her period regularly.{{cite web |last=Folley |first=Dr. Andrew |date=2011-10-28 |title=Stone baby |url=https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/case-report-stone-baby |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=contemporaryobgyn.net |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203102704/https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/case-report-stone-baby |url-status=live }}

|Santa Clara, Waspam, Nicaragua

|2010

|2011
(35 weeks)

|Patient in her third pregnancy. Was hospitalized because she did not feel fetal movement anymore.{{Cite journal |last1=Cabrera |first1=Angel Rafael Rodríguez |last2=Hernández |first2=Yanela Infante |last3=Dávila |first3=Carlos Manuel Hernández |date=2012-06-21 |title=Litopedion. Presentación de un caso |url=https://medisur.sld.cu/index.php/medisur/article/view/1767 |journal=Medisur | language=es |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=237–240 |issn=1727-897X |access-date=9 May 2023 |archive-date=9 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209103006/https://medisur.sld.cu/index.php/medisur/article/view/1767 |url-status=live }}

|Mominpur, West Bengal, India

|1977

|2012
(35 years)

|Admitted to hospital after complaining of stomach pain for some time. The patient had delivered three healthy children after this incomplete pregnancy.{{cite web |url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/35-yr-old-%E2%80%98stone-baby%E2%80%99-removed-70-yr-old-woman%E2%80%99s-womb |title=35 year old 'stone baby' removed from 70 year old woman's womb |publisher=Siasat.com |accessdate=2012-02-05 |archive-date=10 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610215932/http://www.siasat.com/english/news/35-yr-old-%E2%80%98stone-baby%E2%80%99-removed-70-yr-old-woman%E2%80%99s-womb |url-status=live }}

|People's Republic of China

|1948

|2013
(65 years)

|Longest known case. The patient was informed that the fetus had died inside her in 1948, but she did not remove it earlier because she lacked the money.{{cite news|last=Osayimwen|first=Etinosa|title=92-yr-old woman Miraculously delivers 'stone baby' after 60 yrs pregnancy|url=http://www.theheraldng.com/92-yr-old-woman-miraculously-delivers-stone-baby-after-60-yrs-pregnancy-photos/|accessdate=21 August 2013|newspaper=The Herald|date=2 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017010602/http://www.theheraldng.com/92-yr-old-woman-miraculously-delivers-stone-baby-after-60-yrs-pregnancy-photos/|archive-date=17 October 2013|url-status=dead}}

|Bogotá, Colombia

|1973

|2013; not extracted
(40 years)

|Patient originally thought to be suffering from gastroenteritis but an abdominal radiography discovered a calcified fetus in her abdomen.{{cite news|last=Nelson|first=Sara|title=Stone Baby: Doctors Find 40-Year-Old Lithopaedion Foetus in Body of Woman, 82|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/12/12/stone-baby-doctors-find-40-year-old-lithopaedion-foetus-woman-82-video_n_4431174.html|accessdate=12 December 2013|newspaper=Huffington Post UK|date=12 December 2013|archive-date=28 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828035627/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/12/12/stone-baby-doctors-find-40-year-old-lithopaedion-foetus-woman-82-video_n_4431174.html|url-status=live}}

|Tamil Nadu, India

|1962

|2014; not extracted
(52 years)

|Patient presented with history of purulent discharge per vagina. Treated as purulent inflammation of cervix after biopsy report. Subsequently, condition resolved followed by history of pain and breathlessness. On radiography, it was found that the patient had a lithopedion fetus in her abdomen. She was asymptomatic through her reproductive life.

|Natividade, Tocantins State, Brazil

|1970

|2014; not extracted (44 years)

|Patient was having abdominal pain, when doctors discovered the fetus. She claimed to have been pregnant more than 40 years prior. After extreme pain back then, she saw a local traditional healer who gave her medication that ended the pain, and – she had assumed – miscarried the baby.{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Lydia |title=Four Decades Old 'Stone Baby' Inside Brazilian Pensioner |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/four-decades-old-stone-baby-foetus-found-inside-brazilian-pensioner-1436163 |accessdate=13 February 2014 |newspaper=International Business Times |date=12 February 2014 |archive-date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424162429/https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/four-decades-old-stone-baby-foetus-found-inside-brazilian-pensioner-1436163 |url-status=live }}

|San Antonio, Chile

|1965

|2015; not extracted
(50 years)

|A {{convert|2|kg|abbr=on}} calcified fetus was discovered in the abdomen of a 90-year-old Chilean woman. The discovery was made during an X-ray examination after the lady was brought to the hospital following a fall. The lithopedion, which is believed to have been there for 50 years, was so large and developed, it occupied the whole abdominal cavity. The fetus was not removed on the grounds of the patient's age.{{cite news |title= Chilean woman 'carried calcified foetus for 50 years' |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-33210141 |date= 20 June 2015 |website= BBC News |access-date= 21 June 2018 |archive-date= 24 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190424164800/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-33210141 |url-status= live }}

|Nagpur, India

|1978

|2015 (37 years)

|Thakre was warned that her pregnancy was ectopic and would not be successful, but she was afraid of surgery and returned home, where she took remedies to alleviate the pain only. The pains disappeared a few months later, but they returned after 37 years. Fearing cancer, Thakre sought hospital treatment, was diagnosed and had the fetus remains extracted.{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/36-year-old-skeleton-of-dead-baby-found-inside-indian-woman-9690893.html | title=36-year-old skeleton of dead baby found inside Indian woman | first=Rose Troup | last=Buchanan | date=2014-08-26 | access-date=2023-05-09 | newspaper=The Independent | archive-date=27 August 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827174029/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/36-year-old-skeleton-of-dead-baby-found-inside-indian-woman-9690893.html | url-status=live }}

|Mandera, Kenya

|2007

|2020 (13 years)

|Adan, a 31-year-old Ethiopian woman, unsuccessfully sought medical treatment in her native country for an abdominal swelling. Subsequently, she moved to Mandera County Referral Hospital in northern Kenya where a CT scan diagnosed her with lithopedion. Doctors at the hospital successfully operated on her to remove the male infant stone baby.{{cite news |last=Atieno |first=Anyango |date=2020-11-19 |title=Woman gives birth to 13-year old stone baby |newspaper=The Standard |location=Nairobi, Kenya |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/health/article/2001394420/woman-gives-birth-to-13-year-old-stone-baby |access-date=2023-05-09 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116210949/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/health/article/2001394420/woman-gives-birth-to-13-year-old-stone-baby |url-status=live }}