petechia

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The most common cause of petechiae is through physical trauma such as a hard bout of coughing, holding breath, vomiting, or crying, which can result in facial petechiae, especially around the eyes. Excessive scratching and friction, especially on thin and poorly circulated parts of the body may also cause petechiae. Such instances are generally considered harmless and usually disappear within a few days, but depending on severity and frequency may be indicative of an underlying medical condition.

• Constriction, asphyxiation – petechiae, especially in the eyes, may also occur when excessive pressure is applied to tissue (e.g., when a tourniquet is applied to an extremity or with excessive coughing or vomiting).
• Sunburn, childbirth, weightlifting{{cite web|title=Causes|website=Mayo Clinic|url=http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/petechiae/basics/causes/sym-20050724|access-date=2016-12-15|archive-date=2015-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422162203/http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/petechiae/basics/causes/sym-20050724|url-status=live}}
• Gua Sha, a Chinese treatment that scrapes the skin
• High-G training
• Hickey
• Asphyxiation
• Choking game
• Oral sex{{cite journal|last1=Schlesinger|first1=SL|last2=Borbotsina|first2=J|last3=O'Neill|first3=L|title=Petechial hemorrhages of the soft palate secondary to fellatio.|journal=Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology|date=September 1975|volume=40|issue=3|pages=376–78|pmid=1080847|doi=10.1016/0030-4220(75)90422-3}}

• Vitamin C deficiency, scurvy
• Vitamin K deficiency
• Leukemia
• Thrombocytopenia – Low platelet counts or diminished platelet function (e.g., as a side effect of medications or during certain infections) can give rise to petechial spots{{Cite book |author=Kumar, Vinay |title=Robbins Basic Pathology |others=Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon C.; Perkins, James A. |year=2017 |isbn=978-0323353175 |edition=10th |location=Philadelphia, PA |page=101 |oclc=960844656}}
• clotting factor deficiencies – (Von Willebrand disease)
• Hypocalcemia
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Coeliac disease
• Aplastic anaemia
• Lupus
• Kwashiorkor or Marasmus – Childhood protein-energy malnutrition
• Erythroblastosis fetalis
• Henoch–Schönlein purpura
• Kawasaki disease
• Schamberg disease
• Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
• Sjögren syndrome – Petechial spots could occur due to vasculitis, an inflammation of the blood vessels. In such a case immediate treatment is needed to prevent permanent damage. Some malignancies can also cause petechiae to appear.
• Radiation
• Fat embolism syndrome

• Babesiosis
• Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
• Boutonneuse fever
• Chikungunya
• Cerebral malaria
• Congenital syphilis
• Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
• Cytomegalovirus
• Dengue fever
• Dukes' disease
• Ebola
• Endocarditis
• Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
• Hantavirus
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Marburg virus
• Neisseria meningitidis
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever
• Scarlet fever
• Typhus{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001363.htm |title=Typhus |access-date=2007-11-05 |author=Grayson MD, Charlotte |date=2006-09-26 |encyclopedia=MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |publisher=National Institutes of Health |archive-date=2007-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024113235/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001363.htm |url-status=live }}
• Streptococcal pharyngitis – Petechiae on the soft palate are mainly associated with streptococcal pharyngitis,[http://www.entnet.org/HealthInformation/tonsillitis.cfm Fact Sheet: Tonsillitis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406074535/http://entnet.org/HealthInformation/tonsillitis.cfm |date=2014-04-06 }} from American Academy of Otolaryngology. "Updated 1/11". Retrieved November 2011 and as such it is an uncommon but highly specific finding.{{cite journal |vauthors=Brook I, Dohar JE |title=Management of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis in children |journal=J Fam Pract |volume=55 |issue=12 |pages=S1–11; quiz S12 |date=December 2006 |pmid=17137534 }}

Petechiae on the face and conjunctiva (eyes) are unrelated to asphyxiation or hypoxia.{{cite journal |last= Ely |first= Susan F. |author2= Charles S. Hirsch |title= Asphyxial deaths and petechiae: a review |url= http://www.charlydmiller.com/LIB04/2000petechiaereview.pdf |journal= Journal of Forensic Sciences |volume= 45 |issue= 6 |year= 2000 |pages= 1274–1277 |access-date= 2007-09-22 |doi= 10.1520/JFS14878J |archive-date= 2008-03-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080309154219/http://www.charlydmiller.com/LIB04/2000petechiaereview.pdf |url-status= live }} However, the presence of petechiae may be used by police investigators in determining whether strangulation has been part of an attack. The documentation of the presence of petechiae on a victim can help police investigators prove the case.{{cite web |url=http://www.bluesheepdog.com/2007/11/09/investigating-domestic-violence-strangulation-what-is-it-and-how-to-recognize-it/ |title=Investigating Domestic Violence Strangulation |publisher=BlueSheepdog.com |access-date=12 May 2011 |date=2007-11-09 |archive-date=2011-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629004410/http://www.bluesheepdog.com/2007/11/09/investigating-domestic-violence-strangulation-what-is-it-and-how-to-recognize-it/ |url-status=live }} Petechiae resulting from strangulation can be relatively tiny and light in color to very bright and pronounced. Petechiae may be seen on the face, in the whites of the eyes or on the inside of the eyelids.

• Hematoma
• Purpura
• Ecchymoses

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{{Medical resources

| ICD10 = {{ICD10|R|23|3|r|20}}

| ICD9 = {{ICD9|782.7}}

| MeshID = D011693

}}

{{Wiktionary|petechia}}

{{Commons category|Petechiae}}

{{Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs}}

{{Bleeding and clotting disorders|us=y}}

Category:Symptoms and signs: Skin and subcutaneous tissue