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phosphate mineral

{{short description|Nickel–Strunz 9 ed mineral class number 8 (isolated tetrahedral units, mainly)}}

File:Apatite09.jpg]]

{{tone|date=February 2017}}

Phosphate minerals are minerals that contain the tetrahedrally coordinated phosphate ({{chem2|PO4(3-)}}) anion, sometimes with arsenate ({{chem2|AsO4(3-)}}) and vanadate ({{chem2|VO4(3-)}}) substitutions, along with chloride (Cl−), fluoride (F−), and hydroxide (OH−) anions, that also fit into the crystal structure.

The phosphate class of minerals is a large and diverse group, however, only a few species are relatively common.

Applications

{{Main|Phosphate rock}}

File:Thin section scan crossed polarizers Siilinjärvi R301-61.70.jpg of apatite-rich carbonate in cross polarized transmitted light.]]

Phosphate rock has high concentration of phosphate minerals, most commonly from the apatite group of minerals. It is the major resource mined to produce phosphate fertilizers for the agricultural industry. Phosphate is also used in animal feed supplements, food preservatives, anti-corrosion agents, cosmetics, fungicides, ceramics, water treatment and metallurgy.

The production of fertilizer is the largest source responsible for minerals mined for their phosphate content.

Phosphate minerals are often used to control rust, and to prevent corrosion on ferrous materials applied with electrochemical conversion coatings.

Examples

Phosphate minerals include:

  • Triphylite Li(Fe,Mn)PO4
  • Monazite (La, Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Ce,Th)PO4, rare earth metals
  • Hinsdalite PbAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
  • Pyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3Cl
  • Amblygonite LiAlPO4F
  • Lazulite (Mg,Fe)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2
  • Wavellite Al3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O
  • Turquoise CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·5H2O
  • Autunite Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2·10–12H2O
  • Phosphophyllite Zn2(Fe,Mn)(PO4)2·4H2O
  • Struvite (NH4)MgPO4·6H2O
  • Xenotime-Y Y(PO4)
  • Apatite group Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)
  • Hydroxylapatite Ca5(PO4)3OH
  • Fluorapatite Ca5(PO4)3F
  • Chlorapatite Ca5(PO4)3Cl
  • Bromapatite
  • Mitridatite group:
  • Arseniosiderite-mitridatite series (Ca2(Fe3+)3[(O)2|(AsO4)3]·3H2O -- Ca2(Fe3+)3[(O)2|(PO4)3]·3H2O){{Cite web |title=Arseniosiderite-Mitridatite Series |url=http://www.mindat.org/min-10962.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114154457/https://www.mindat.org/min-10962.html |archive-date=Jan 14, 2023 |website=Mindat.org}}
  • Arseniosiderite-robertsite series (Ca2(Fe3+)3[(O)2|(AsO4)3]·3H2O -- Ca3(Mn3+)4[(OH)3|(PO4)2]2·3H2O){{Cite web |title=Arseniosiderite-Robertsite Series |url=http://www.mindat.org/min-10963.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113132249/https://www.mindat.org/min-10963.html |archive-date=Jan 13, 2023 |website=Mindat.org}}

Nickel–Strunz classification -08- phosphates

IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses it to modify the classification of Nickel–Strunz (mindat.org, 10 ed, pending publication).

  • Abbreviations:
  • "*" – discredited (IMA/CNMNC status).
  • "?" – questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status).
  • "REE" – Rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)
  • "PGE" – Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt)
  • 03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates:
  • Neso: insular (from Greek νησος nēsos, island)
  • Soro: grouping (from Greek σωροῦ sōros, heap, mound (especially of corn))
  • Cyclo: ring
  • Ino: chain (from Greek ις [genitive: ινος inos], fibre)
  • Phyllo: sheet (from Greek φύλλον phyllon, leaf)
  • Tekto: three-dimensional framework
  • Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
  • NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
  • X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
  • Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
  • ##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter

= Class: phosphates =

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Refbegin}}

  • Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York {{ISBN|0-471-80580-7}}
  • {{Cite journal |title=The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals |author1=Stuart J. Mills |author2=Frédéric Hatert |author3=Ernest H. Nickel |author4=Giovanni Ferraris |name-list-style=amp |url=http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/Mills%20et%20al%202009%20Groups%20EJM%20October.pdf |journal=Eur. J. Mineral. |year=2009 |pages=1073–1080 |doi=10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1994 |volume=21 |issue=5 |bibcode=2009EJMin..21.1073M |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030045632/http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/Mills%20et%20al%202009%20Groups%20EJM%20October.pdf |archive-date= Oct 30, 2013 }}
  • {{Cite web |url=http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/IMA2009-01%20UPDATE%20160309.pdf |title=IMA/CNMNC List of Mineral Name |publisher=IMA-CNMNC |author1=Ernest H. Nickel |author2=Monte C. Nichols |name-list-style=amp |date=March 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626060238/http://pubsites.uws.edu.au:80/ima-cnmnc/IMA2009-01%20UPDATE%20160309.pdf |archive-date= Jun 26, 2013 }}
  • {{Cite web |title=Minerals Arranged by Nickel-Strunz (Version 10) Classification |url=http://webmineral.com/strunz/strunz.php |publisher=Mineralogy Database |first=Jim |last=Ferraiolo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804191942/https://www.webmineral.com/strunz/strunz.php |archive-date= Aug 4, 2023 }}
  • [http://webmineral.com/dana/VII-38.shtml Webmineral - Dana]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060819091127/http://www.australianminesatlas.gov.au/info/aimr/phosphate.jsp - Australian Mineral Atlas]

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{{Phosphate minerals}}

{{Strunz}}

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