public bookcase

{{Short description|Publicly available book shelf serving as an informal free library}}

{{Redirect|Free library|freely accessible institutional libraries|public library|the online archive|The Free Dictionary#The Free Library}}

File:Public bookcase germany bonn poppelsdorf 2008 08 10a (cropped).jpg

A public bookcase (also known as a free library or book swap or street library or sidewalk library) is a cabinet which may be freely and anonymously used for the exchange and storage of books without the administrative rigor associated with formal libraries. When in public places these cabinets are of a robust and weatherproof design which are available at all times. However, cabinets installed in public or commercial buildings may be simple, unmodified book-shelves and may only be available during certain periods.

Origin

Closely allied with the BookCrossing concept, the original public bookcases were conceived as artistic acts.[http://www.reticon.de/reporte/book-crossing-offene-buecherschraenke-in-bonn_121--1.html Book Crossing: Offene Bücherschränke in Bonn, reticon-Report von Martin Ragg, 2. April 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091103044019/http://www.reticon.de/reporte/book-crossing-offene-buecherschraenke-in-bonn_121--1.html |date=2009-11-03 }} Very early examples are the creations of performance artist duo Clegg & Guttmann in 1991. Collections of bookcases were conceived as "free open-air libraries" in Darmstadt and Hannover in Germany in the late 1990s.[http://www.hannover.de/de/kultur_freizeit/stadtteilkultur/stadtteilkultur/buechersch/geschichte/ Die Geschichte der Offenen Bibliotheken auf hannover.de] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819054002/http://www.hannover.de/de/kultur_freizeit/stadtteilkultur/stadtteilkultur/buechersch/geschichte/ |date=2011-08-19 }}

In 2002, the Bonn Community Foundation awarded Trixy Royeck funding for her idea "outdoor books – books in the open" which she submitted while studying interior design in Mainz{{Cite web |url=http://www.buergerstiftung-bonn.de/cms/download/pressetexte/pressemeldung_031115.pdf |title=Bürgerstiftung Bonn stellt offenen Bücherschrank auf, Presseerklärung der Bürgerstiftung Bonn, 15. November 2003 |access-date=2012-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027235940/http://www.buergerstiftung-bonn.de/cms/download/pressetexte/pressemeldung_031115.pdf |archive-date=2007-10-27 |url-status=dead }} and since this time the concept has been widely replicated.[http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/aktuell/pressebox/archiv_volltext.shtml?arch_0806/nachricht3102.html Bücherwald – erstes öffentliches Bücherregal im Berliner Straßenraum, Presseerklärung Berliner Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung, 27. Juni 2008] A public bookcase opened in 2010 in Vienna, Austria.{{cite web |title=offener Bücherschrank – Wien |url = http://www.offener-buecherschrank.at/ |date=2010 |access-date=8 February 2010}} In Basel, Switzerland, where many coffee shops and other venues host open bookshelves,[http://www.öffentliche-bücherregale.ch/ Öffentliche Bücherregale] a public bookcase was unveiled in June 2011.Christoph Merian Stiftung [http://www.merianstiftung.ch/presse/detail.cfm?ObjectID=8563D8F6-E24F-56B8-C18F4E451AFDC6D3 Medienmitteilung], 14 June 2011. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108234709/http://www.merianstiftung.ch/presse/detail.cfm?ObjectID=8563D8F6-E24F-56B8-C18F4E451AFDC6D3 |date=2014-01-08 }}[http://3landinfo.blogspot.com/2011/06/dies-das-ein-neuer-bucherschrank.html 3land.info: dies & das & ein neuer Bücherschrank]

Open bookcases are financed by a wide range of organisations (individuals, foundations, Lions Clubs, civic associations, and so on).[http://www.das-juelicht.de/nachrichten/artikel/10465.php Das JüLichT: Jülich ganz „sozial“] Beitrag 2. September 2010 Visitors to the bookcases decide which books to deposit and borrow, and whether to return or exchange borrowed books for others.

Use and acceptance

If a public bookcase is centrally and accessibly located and is stocked with sufficient material, public bookcases are quickly and widely appreciated. Vandalism has occurred in some places and, in successful cases, is countered by "bookcase sponsors" who devote their time and attention to care of the collection.

The acceptance, motivation and user-profile of public bookshelves was examined in 2008 by a study at the University of Bonn.[http://www.huk.uni-bonn.de/pdf-dateien/bonner-buecherschrank-artikelDer Bonner Bücherschrank auf der PoppelsdorferAllee – Ein merkwürdiges Versorgungssystem . Kurzfassung der Ergebnisse des Projekts „Das Nutzungsverhalten am Poppelsdorfer Bücherschrank“] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903111736/http://www.huk.uni-bonn.de/pdf-dateien/bonner-buecherschrank-artikel |date=2014-09-03 }} (pdf) Autoren: Prof. Dr. Michael-Burkhard Piorkowsky, Sandra Bichler, Kerstin Hilt, Olga Reger[http://www3.uni-bonn.de/die-universitaet/publikationen/forsch/forsch-2-april-2009/lernen_und_lehren.pdfBonner "Gemeinschaftsmöbel" Studienobjekt: Offener Bücherschrank als soziales System (pdf) Autorin: Ulrike Klopp. In: forsch / Bonner Universitäts-Nachrichten 2/2009. (S.27)] It was found that the system had developed as a notable alternative to conventional bookstores. Surveyed users also indicated that they believed that regular use of public bookcases could function as an example for similar schemes for other desirable goods.[http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/index.php?k=loka&itemid=10004&detailid=552233 Poppelsdorfer Bücherschrank: Die Frauen geben, die Männer nehmen; Bonner General-Anzeiger, 3. February 2009] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825024252/http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/index.php?k=loka&itemid=10004&detailid=552233 |date=2011-08-25 }} This acceptance has led to a rapid dissemination of public bookshelves throughout Germany. It has been found that durable construction and storm-resistance promote sustained use.[http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/index.php?k=loka&itemid=10490&detailid=525497 Ein Schrank für ausgesetzte Bücher/Bürgerstiftung Bonn eröffnet in den kommenden Tagen zwei weitere Freiluft-Bibliotheken, Bonner General-Anzeiger, 20. November 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823113855/http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/index.php?k=loka&itemid=10490&detailid=525497 |date=2011-08-23 }} As of December 2023, there are 3400 such libraries in Germany.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

In North America, public bookcases have been criticized for being mostly placed redundantly in neighborhoods of wealthier, well-educated people, where there are already high-quality traditional public libraries nearby.{{cite web| publisher=CityLab| url=https://www.citylab.com/life/2017/05/the-case-against-little-free-libraries/523533/| author=Capps, Kriston| title=Against Little Free Libraries| date=May 3, 2017| accessdate=2020-03-15}}

Variants

In Oerlinghausen there is a modified version of the public bookcase. A small bookcase has been installed in Simon Square by the Friends of The Public Library, in collaboration with the Cohabitation/Society/Culture group of the local Agenda 21. These groups stock the bookcase as needed from a so-called "book exchange", a larger public event which has taken place in the Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Haus in Oerlingsausen-South every Saturday since 2007. One may also deposit book requests to be matched from stock by the operators of the exchange.

The Salbke Bookmark is a large, open-air construction which includes a number of public bookcases. Originally built on the site of a demolished library in a depopulated district of Magdeburg, the local civic association has moved much of the stock to a nearby vacant shop where more than 10000 donations are securely housed.

A cafe in Marburg includes a public bookcase. The city library now includes a cabinet of books which may be freely taken or exchanged by patrons rather than organising complex book disposal events. The operation of this variant combines the library's daily operations with community control. As the bookcase is located in a protected space it does not require sponsorship or weather protection.

In New Zealand, several cities have installed "Lilliput Libraries" (after the diminutive fictional island in Gulliver's Travels) consisting of repurposed cupboards or cabinets outside private houses, which are essentially identical to public bookcases. The Lilliput Library scheme began in Dunedin in 2015,"[https://www.cityofliterature.co.nz/a-literary-city/libraries/new-block/ Lilliput Libraries]," Dunedin City of Literature. Retrieved 5 July 2023. and has since spread to over 300 Lilliput Libraries in around 40 towns and cities around the country, as well as to Queensland, Australia."[https://lilliput-libraries.netlify.app Lilliput Library map]," Lilliput Libraries. Retrieved 5 July 2023.

Registries and mapping

In North America small enclosed bookcases, usually in front of residences, have become a common sight in many cities. Some of these are purchased from or otherwise officially registered with Little Free Library, which was founded in 2009. In Australia, Street Library Australia operates along similar lines, while in Europe many public bookcases are registered via the Open Book Case project.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} The mapping project OpenStreetMap has a designated tag for registering the location types and more of public bookcases.{{cite web|title=OpenstreetMap tag Amenity:public_bookcase|url=https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:amenity%3Dpublic_bookcase|publisher=OpenStreetMap|accessdate=20 February 2017}}{{cite web|title=Rich Dad Poor Dad PDF|url=https://zlibrary.to/dl/rich-dad-poor-dad-pdf|publisher=zlibrary|accessdate=20 February 2017}}

Gallery

File:Norderney, Bücherschrank am Onnen-Visser-Platz -- 2016 -- 5436-42.jpg|Bookcase at Onnen-Visser-Platz, Norderney, Lower Saxony, Germany

File:2017-08-17 15-45-47 microbibliotheque-giromagny.jpg|Street library, made with a telephone booth, in Giromagny, France

File:Public Bookcase outside of Grace Episcopal Church in Madison WI.jpg|Public Bookcase outside of Grace Episcopal Church (Madison, Wisconsin)

File:Pizza Hut themed Little Free Library in Gillette, Wyoming.jpg|A Pizza Hut–themed Little Free Library in Gillette, Wyoming

File:NutzungÖffentlicherBücherschrankEssen.jpg|Browsing a public bookcase in Essen, Germany

File:Innermost Gardens Free Swap Library.jpg|"Free Swap Lilliput Library" bookcase in Wellington, New Zealand

File:Wippra_04.jpg|"Book Tower" in Wippra, Germany

References

External links

List of public bookcases on German Wikipedia {{In lang|de}}
[https://delivrez.syrd.fr Free application]—Delivrez is a participative & free project, also available for Android platform {{In lang|fr|en}}
[https://web.archive.org/web/20191011010649/https://openbookcase.org/map A subset of Public bookcases presented on a map] as part of the OpenBookCase.org project (archived 11 October 2019)
[https://book-exchange.zottelig.ch Public bookcases map]—A map with public bookcases for book exchange. The map is based on OpenStreetMap data.

Category:1990s introductions

Category:Book swapping

Bookcase

Category:Types of library