Community fridge
{{Short description|Refrigerator located in a public space}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Redirect|Community pantry|COVID-19 quarantine–related community pantries in the Philippines|Community pantries in the Philippines}}
File:Community Fridge Fredric Douglas Housing New York City - Side View (cropped).jpg in New York City]]
A community fridge is a refrigerator (colloquially "fridge") located in a public space. Sometimes called freedges, they are a type of mutual aid project that enables food to be shared within a community. Some community fridges also have an associated area for non-perishable food. Unlike traditional food pantries, these grassroots projects encourage anyone to put food in and take food out without limit, helping to remove the stigma from its use.{{Cite news|last1=Rosa|first1=Amanda|last2=Keith|first2=Stephanie|date=July 8, 2020|title=See That Fridge on the Sidewalk? It's Full of Free Food|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/08/nyregion/free-food-fridge-nyc.html}} The fridges take a decentralized approach, often being maintained by a network of volunteers, community members, local businesses, and larger organizations. Food in community fridges is primarily donated by individuals or food rescue organizations and can be sourced from a variety of places. Major grocers like Trader Joe's and Whole Foods donate large amounts of excess foods to food rescue organizations that then donate to these fridges.{{Cite web|last=Oung|first=Katherine|date=2021-02-17|title=The rise of community fridges|url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22285863/community-fridges-neighborhoods-free-food|access-date=2021-10-01|website=Vox|language=en}} The food donated would have otherwise been thrown out.
The main aim of community fridges is to reduce food insecurity, while also mitigating food waste. They enable people facing hardship to have easy access to fresh, nutritious food. Fridges offer a wide range of food from canned goods to fresh produce to pre-cooked meals. Pre-cooked meals are required to be labeled when donated. Many fridges also accept household items, sanitary goods, and during the COVID-19 pandemic, offered masks and other PPE.{{Cite web|last=DiBenedetto|first=Chase|date=2021-01-09|title=A guide to community fridges, from volunteering to starting your own|url=https://mashable.com/article/how-to-get-involved-community-fridge|access-date=2021-10-01|website=Mashable|language=en}} Community fridges can also serve as social spaces that enable people to connect to their communities; Shelterforce magazine notes that "community fridges seem to have discovered a sweet spot in service delivery: close enough to feel the warmth of shared humanity, but far enough to avoid a sense of resentment or burden."{{Cite news|last=Glenn|first=Ezra Haber|date=February 24, 2021|title=Community Fridges Provide Vital and Visible Relief in the War on Hunger|work=Shelterforce|url=https://shelterforce.org/2021/02/24/community-fridges-provide-vital-and-visible-relief-in-the-war-on-hunger/|access-date=February 25, 2021}} Many fridges also painted by from local artists.{{Cite web|last=Crawford|first=Iris|date=2020-09-02|title=Local Artists Beautify Community Fridges as COVID-19 Continues|url=https://oaklandvoices.us/2020/09/02/local-artists-beautify-community-fridges-as-covid-19-continues/|access-date=2021-10-01|website=Oakland Voices|language=en-US}}
History
File:Community fridge in church alcove in Botley UK.jpg
The first community fridges were set up in Germany,{{Cite web|url=https://foodsharing.de/|title=Lebensmittel teilen, statt wegwerfen - foodsharing Deutschland|website=foodsharing.de}} by a group called Foodsharing. The next community fridge was started in Spain in 2015.{{cite news|last=Kassam|first=Ashifa|date=June 25, 2015|title=The solidarity fridge: Spanish town's cool way to cut food waste|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/25/solidarity-fridge-spanish-town-cut-food-waste-galdakao|newspaper=The Guardian}} Community fridges draw inspiration from previous food initiatives.{{Cite web|date=2020-08-26|title=Officials Are Not Chill About The Community Fridges Popping Up Around LA|url=https://laist.com/news/officials-not-chill-about-community-fridges-los-angeles|access-date=2021-10-01|website=LAist|language=en}}
In the UK, early community fridges were set up at Frome,{{Cite web|url=https://edventurefrome.org/enterprises-initiatives/fridge/|title=Community Fridge Frome}} South Derbyshire,{{cite web|url=https://sdcvs.wordpress.com/2016/10/24/swadlincotes-community-fridge/|title=Swadlincote's Community Fridge|date=October 24, 2016}} Brixton (London),{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/community-fridge-food-waste-cut-brixton-open-south-london-lambeth-peoples-fridge-a7583821.html|title=A community fridge has opened in London to make sure food isn't going to waste|website=Independent.co.uk |date=February 16, 2017}} and Botley (Oxford).{{cite web|url=https://foodforcharities.wordpress.com/botley/|title=Botley community fridge|date=September 30, 2016}} A national network of community fridges was set up in July 2017 by the environmental charity Hubbub UK, which offers a free support service to new projects.{{Cite web|url=https://resource.co/article/community-fridge-network-bring-social-value-food-waste-fight-11989|title=Community Fridge Network to bring social value to food waste fight|website=Resource Magazine}}
Community fridges are a rapidly-growing phenomenon, with fridges also recently set up in New Zealand,{{cite web|date=November 23, 2016|title=Everything you need to know about Auckland's Community Fridge|url=https://lovefoodhatewaste.co.nz/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-community-fridge/}} India,{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-this-community-fridge-in-versova-makes-sure-no-one-goes-hungry-2412412|title=This community fridge in Versova makes sure no one goes hungry - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=April 23, 2017}} Israel,{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FthefridgeIL%2F|title=Log into Facebook|website=Facebook}} the Netherlands,{{Cite web|last=Engbers|first=Pascal|date=October 29, 2020|title=Jumbo opent solidaire koelkast tegen probleem van stijgende armoede|url=https://www.adformatie.nl/purpose-marketing/jumbo-opent-solidaire-koelkast-tegen-probleem-van-armoede|access-date=November 30, 2020|website=Adformatie|language=nl}} and Canada (Community Fridges Toronto has seven fridges).{{Cite web|last=Kwong|first=Evelyn|date=March 7, 2021|title='Take what you need, leave what you can': How a Toronto network is transforming the way we think about food insecurity|url=https://www.thestar.com/life/together/people/2021/03/07/take-what-you-need-leave-what-you-can-how-a-toronto-network-is-transforming-the-way-we-think-about-food-insecurity.html|access-date=March 8, 2021|website=Toronto Star|language=en}}
= COVID-19 pandemic =
{{see also|Community pantries in the Philippines}}
Community fridges have recently made a wide emergence in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, community fridges were developed in response to a significant increase in food insecurity.{{cite web|last=Chaidez|first=Alexandra|date=June 20, 2021|title='There is still really a need for this': Community fridges charge on as pandemic wanes - The Boston Globe|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/06/20/metro/there-is-still-really-need-this-community-fridges-charge-pandemic-wanes/|access-date=2021-10-01|website=BostonGlobe.com|language=en-US}} In New York City, community fridges, nicknamed "Friendly Fridges", were introduced in February 2020, the first one placed by an activist group, In Our Hearts. In Our Hearts has now set up at least 14 of the 70 fridges around New York City.{{Cite web|title=Two Community Fridges In Peril Days Before Thanksgiving|url=https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/coronavirus-blog/2020/11/21/growing-number-of-community-refrigerators-offer-free-food--but-some-are-at-risk|access-date=2021-04-27|website=www.ny1.com|language=en}} In Philadelphia, Dr. Michelle Nelson launched a Mama-Tee Community Fridge in North Philly, now there are 18 of them.
File:Dorchester_Community_Fridge.jpg
Using New York City as a model, community fridges have popped up in cities across the U.S. including Los Angeles,{{Cite news|last=James|first=Julissa|date=July 17, 2020|title=Community fridges show up in L.A. neighborhoods to feed those in need|newspaper=LA Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-07-14/in-l-a-neighborhoods-struggling-under-pandemic-well-stocked-fridges-turn-up-to-help}} Philadelphia,{{Cite web|title=Woman Creates Philly's First Community Fridge to Help Those in Need Amid Pandemic|url=https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/woman-creates-phillys-first-community-fridge-to-help-those-in-need-amid-pandemic/2497716/|website=NBC10 Philadelphia|language=en-US}} Chicago,{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=Christen A.|title=Community refrigerators throughout Chicago offer free, healthy food|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/living/health/ct-life-the-love-fridge-hyde-park-tt-0824-20200824-dqga73xejra6rfjy74xx7dmzwq-story.html|website=chicagotribune.com|date=August 24, 2020 }} Atlanta,{{Cite web|last=Zauner|first=Brooke|date=August 28, 2020|title=Atlanta entrepreneur battles food insecurity with community fridges|url=https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/atlanta-entrepreneur-battles-food-insecurity-with-community-fridges|website=FOX 5 Atlanta|language=en-US}} and more. As of September 2021, Los Angeles County has 14 community fridges.{{Cite web|title=Bubble - Visual Programming|url=https://community-fridge.bubbleapps.io/|access-date=2021-10-01|website=Bubble|language=en}} In Chicago, as of September 2021, there are 26 community fridges providing support to the community. {{Cite web|title=Find A Fridge|url=https://www.thelovefridge.com/locations|access-date=2021-10-01|website=The Love Fridge Chicago|language=en-US}} The Love Fridge is a mutual aid network placing community refrigerators across the city. {{Cite web|date=2020-12-24|title=Chicago's 'Love Fridge' Project Offers Stigma-Free Food To Residents In Need|url=https://www.wbez.org/stories/chicagos-love-fridge-project-offers-stigma-free-food-to-residents-in-need/1c6cec14-4204-4ad7-bcbb-86822682b1e7|access-date=2021-10-01|website=WBEZ Chicago|language=en}} In Atlanta, Georgia, Latisha Springer, started Free99Fridge, a grassroots organization providing food to communities through their community fridge network. {{Cite web|last=McKibben|first=Beth|date=2020-08-27|title=An Atlanta Entrepreneur Launches a Free Community Fridge Initiative to Combat Food Insecurity|url=https://atlanta.eater.com/2020/8/27/21400720/community-refrigerator-free-fridge-mutual-aid-fighting-food-insecurity-free99fridge-atlanta|access-date=2021-10-01|website=Eater Atlanta|language=en}} The organization maintains five community fridges throughout the metro Atlanta area.
In the Greater Boston Area, the first community fridge was started in Jamaica Plain in September 2020.{{Cite web|date=September 17, 2020|title=Take What You Need, Leave What You Can At A Community Fridge In Boston|url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2020/09/17/take-what-you-need-leave-what-you-can-at-a-community-fridge-in-boston|website=www.wbur.org|language=en}} Soon after, another fridge emerged in the neighborhood of Dorchester, Boston's largest neighborhood. As of September 2021, fridges in the neighborhoods of Allston, Fenway, Mattapan, and Roslindale have emerged, as well as in the cities of Somerville, Cambridge, Worcester. {{Cite web|last=Nanos|first=Janelle|date=September 25, 2020|title=To combat hunger, neighbors are stocking community fridges on Boston's streets - The Boston Globe|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/09/25/business/combat-hunger-neighbors-are-stocking-community-fridges-bostons-streets/|website=BostonGlobe.com|language=en-US}}
In Thailand, entrepreneur Supakit Kulchartvijit's Pantry of Sharing pantry cabinets, a variation on the community fridges, was launched in May 2020 in Bangkok and Rayong.{{Cite web|title='Pantry of Sharing': community pantries help Thais in need during COVID-19|url=https://www.tourismthailand.org/Articles/pantry-of-sharing|access-date=2021-05-06|website=www.tourismthailand.org|language=en}} Thailand's SCG Foundation emulated Kulchartvijit's initiative, putting up a total 60 pantry cabinets in the country by May 25, 2020.{{Cite web|date=2020-05-25|title=SCG Foundation Deploys Over 60 "Pantry of Sharing" Cabinets Nationwide.|url=https://www.scgfoundation.org/en/news/covid-19-giveaway/|access-date=2021-05-06|website=SCG Foundation|language=en-US}}
The following year in the Philippines as the pandemic dragged on, a trend utilizing a similar concept emerged across the country. Small carts carrying essential items were parked along sidewalks for locals to obtain any of the items without charge. The first such cart to be reported was started by the Members Church of God International{{Cite web|date=2021-03-09|title=MCGI Free Store, global launch sa March 14, 2021|url=https://www.radyolaverdad.com/mcgi-free-store-global-launch-sa-march-14-2021/|access-date=2021-05-02|website=Radyo La Verdad|language=en-us}} on March 14, 2021.{{Cite web|last=Rivera|first=Jerah May|date=2021-04-14|title=LOOK: Las Piñas store gives free groceries to residents|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1419183/look-las-pinas-store-gives-free-groceries-to-residents|access-date=2021-05-02|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en}}
Also in the Philippines, a similar idea under the term "community pantry"{{cite news |last1=Cabato |first1=Regine |title=Community pantries offer reprieve from covid-19 hardships in the Philippines |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/philippines-pantries-covid-pandemic/2021/04/21/30ad8a5c-a1ac-11eb-b314-2e993bd83e31_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=21 April 2021}} was started on Maginhawa Street in the Teacher's Village neighborhood of Quezon City on April 14, 2021. This initiative gained a wider media coverage than the MCGI initiative, resulting in the mushrooming of hundreds of similar initiatives throughout the country.{{cite web|last=Del Mundo|first=Rubi|date=2021-04-21|title=Mutual Aid, Community Pantries Bring Out the Best in Filipinos and the Worst in Duterte's Inhumane Regime|url=https://cpp.ph/statements/mutual-aid-community-pantries-bring-out-the-best-in-filipinos-and-the-worst-in-dutertes-inhumane-regime|website=Philippine Revolution Web Central}} In about a week after the Maginhawa pantry's launch, more than 100 pantries were set up in various locations;{{cite news |last1=Dancel |first1=Raul |title=Community pantries sprout across the Philippines amid flailing govt response to Covid-19 pandemic |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/fuelled-by-flailing-govt-response-to-pandemic-community-pantries-sprout-across-the |access-date=April 23, 2021 |work=The Straits Times |date=April 20, 2021}} a week thereafter more than 300 pantries had already been set up.{{Cite news |last=Valenzuela |first=Nikka G. |date=2021-04-22 |title=Despite 'red-tagging,' community pantries rise to 350, says advocate |language=en |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1422156/despite-red-tagging-community-pantries-rise-to-350-says-advocate |access-date=2021-05-03}}
Following the Maginhawa movement's example in the Philippines, various community pantries were set up in East Timor.{{cite news |last1=Sarao |first1=Zacarian |title=Timor-Leste takes leaf out of PH's book, sets up own community pantry |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/195437/fwd-timor-leste-sets-up-own-community-pantry-after-being-inspired-by-ph |access-date=April 23, 2021 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=April 22, 2021}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1137860|title=More PH-inspired community pantries open in Timor-Leste|website=www.pna.gov.ph}}
= Japan =
Japan's first full-service public refrigerator was installed at the entrance of La Campana Kisoya Building by Kisoya Co., Ltd. on June 17, 2020 (Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture). Launched as Public Refrigerator Freego. Public refrigerators are available freely in the same way as in Europe. Installed as a countermeasure for food sharing and zero food waste. Made as one of the measures to prevent hunger. It works as a refrigerator for local use. In July 2021, it was installed at Komachi Plus Komachi Cafe, an authorized non-profit organization in Totsuka District.{{cite web|title=Introducing the Community Refrigerator|url=https://www.townnews.co.jp/0116/2020/07/09/533462.html|accessdate=2023-05-04|work=townnews.co.jp|date=July 9, 2020 }}
= France =
After Marseille, Nantes and Metz 2, the first solidarity refrigerator in Paris appeared in the 18th arrondissement, on the sidewalk in front of the restaurant La Cantine,{{cite web|title=Paris : un troisième frigo solidaire|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-un-troisieme-frigo-solidaire-02-02-2018-7538046.php|accessdate=2023-05-04|work=leparisien.fr|date=February 2, 2018 }} at 18 rue Ramey, at the initiative of the associations Cap ou pas cap, Le Carillon, and the owner of the restaurant Dumia Metboul, who discovered the concept in London.{{cite web|title=Frigos Solidaires : des frigos en libre-service pour les plus démunis|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/societe/sdf/frigos-solidaires-des-frigos-en-libre-service-pour-les-plus-demunis_2608934.html|accessdate=2023-05-04|work=francetvinfo.fr|date=February 13, 2018 }}
On December 15, 2017, Cap ou pas cap opened the solidarity refrigerator in front of the store Les Nouveaux Robinson in the 12th arrondissement. Every day it is filled with unsold merchants from this small distribution area, who also monitor its contents morning and evening, ensuring that food hygiene standards are met. Typical refrigerator temperature should be 40 degrees Fahrenheit.{{cite web|title=Why is my GE Refrigerator Not Cooling: A Step-by-Step Guide|url=http://sacramentoappliancerepairs.com/ge-refrigerator-not-cooling/|accessdate=2023-05-04|work=sacramentoappliancerepairs.com|date=April 24, 2023 }} Every month the store sends 300 kg of unsold goods there.{{cite web|title=Installer un garde-manger et frigo solidaire devant un magasin|url=https://www.capoupascap.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Installer-un-GMFS-devant-un-magasin_Le-guide-V2018-07.pdf|accessdate=2023-05-04|work=capoupascap.info}}
As of April 16, 2019, the Montreux association bar-restaurant Rêv Café has installed a cooperative refrigerator at the initiative of the Montreux association l'Esprit Léger.{{cite web|title=Montreuil|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/seine-saint-denis-93/montreuil-un-frigo-pour-tous-18-04-2019-8055882.php|accessdate=2023-05-04|date=April 18, 2019 }}
Challenges
In Berlin, community fridges were designed by the Foodsharing.de community as a social innovation to improve accessibility for the people most in need, who experienced gatekeeping effects from the need to use the online matchmaking service or to have personal connections with volunteers.{{cite journal|first1=Oona|last1=Morrow|title=Community Self-Organizing and the Urban Food Commons in Berlin and New York|url=https://scholar.archive.org/fatcat/release/rscoyuhyszawbghef5exaamhpu|journal=Sustainability|date=2019-07-02|issn=2071-1050|pages=3641|volume=11|issue=13|doi=10.3390/su11133641|doi-access=free|quote=However, in scaling these practices, the organizers in these initiatives became concerned about whether or not their innovations were actually accessible to those community members most impacted by food insecurity or land vacancy. They thus devised offline and place based social innovations (a community fridge and the “This Land is Your Land” sign) along with social support systems (of paid and unpaid community organizers) to ensure that their innovations had the desired impact. The result is a community self-organizing infrastructure made up of both social and technical innovations. [...] Surplus food and vacant land have significantly different terms of access. Food that is distributed through foodsharing.de is not “owned” by anyone. Yet access to this food (except when it is distributed through the community fridges) is still mediated through interpersonal relationships of trust and reciprocity. Furthermore, access to the food-saving logistics side of the platform is restricted to those who can demonstrate that they understand the rules by passing a very tricky online food-saver quiz. However, access to surplus food is to a large degree controlled by any and all foodsharing.de members, who can practice varying degrees of inclusion or exclusion.|hdl=2262/96833|hdl-access=free}}
Challenges surrounding community fridges include maintaining cleanliness, ensuring food safety, and making sure that mutual aid model of community fridges is not abused (e.g. for for-profit resale). In the UK, setting up a community fridge requires: a rota of volunteers to clean the fridge and check the food; public liability insurance; the support of the local authority environmental health officer; and, evidently, a fridge and associated waste bins.{{cite web|title=Botley community fridge -|url=https://foodforcharities.wordpress.com/category/botley-community-fridge/|website=foodforcharities.wordpress.com|date=May 20, 2020 }} Several community fridges in Germany were threatened with closure due to health concerns.{{cite news|title=Berlin's Public Refrigerators Were Just Declared a Health Hazard|newspaper=Bloomberg |date=February 12, 2016 |url=https://www.citylab.com/equity/2016/02/berlin-public-refridgerator-food-sharing-germany/462633/}}
Community fridges are sometimes criticized for not providing a systemic solution to food insecurity.{{Cite web|date=September 29, 2020|title=Freedge Movement: Grassroots Efforts Fight Food Insecurity With Free Refrigerators|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/09/29/917023702/freedge-movement-grassroots-efforts-fight-food-insecurity-with-free-refrigerator|website=NPR.org|language=en}} Fridges are needed by those who are actively hungry or do not have the means to access nutritious food, but do not address underlying causes of food insecurity.{{Cite web|last1=Food|first1=Change|last2=Box 139|first2=P. O.|last3=New York|first3=NY 10276|title=Community Fridges|url=https://www.changefood.org/plant-eat-share/community-fridges/|access-date=2021-09-27|website=Change Food|language=en}}
Fridges are occasionally criticized for not addressing the needs of a community.{{Cite web|date=2020-07-30|title=Op-ed: Why Those Community Fridges Won't Solve Hunger|url=https://civileats.com/2020/07/30/op-ed-why-those-community-fridges-wont-solve-hunger/|access-date=2021-09-27|website=Civil Eats|language=en}} In the USA, during a phase of rapid expansion, community fridges were sometime set up without consultation with the local community by people external to that community, accidentally reproducing some patterns of control typical of centrally managed food aid systems.{{cite journal|first1=Anna|last1=Arons|title=An Unintended Abolition: Family Regulation During the COVID-19 Crisis|url=https://journals.library.columbia.edu/index.php/cjrl/article/view/9149|journal=Columbia Journal of Race and Law|date=2022-04-04|issn=2155-2401|volume=12|issue=1|doi=10.52214/cjrl.v12i1.9149|quote=For instance, controversy erupted in the Crown Heights Mutual Aid group, when it unveiled a community fridge at an apartment building on the very day that building tenants were memorializing a neighbor who had recently been gunned down. Residents had not been consulted about the placement of the fridge. And they were not comforted by organizers’ assurances that the building’s landlord approved of the fridge because residents had been engaged in a years-long dispute with that same landlord over deplorable housing conditions. This tension reflected a common reality: mutual aid projects can easily “slip into some of the well- worn grooves” of the charity model if organizers do not deeply examine their principles.|doi-access=free}} To address such concerns, "The Love Fridge models partnership with community-based organisations run by Black and Brown individuals experienced in food security work for mutual benefit".{{cite journal|first1=Saria|last1=Lofton|first2=Marjorie|last2=Kersten|first3=Shannon D|last3=Simonovich|first4=Akilah|last4=Martin|title=Mutual aid organisations and their role in reducing food insecurity in Chicago's urban communities during COVID-19|journal=Public Health Nutrition|date=January 2022|pages=119–122|volume=25|issue=1|pmid=34462038|pmc=8458839|doi=10.1017/S1368980021003736}}
Often, food provided to the fridge does not meet the cultural and nutrition needs of the community. In addition, there is often controversy surrounding the legality of community fridges.{{Cite web|title=Legal Guides – freedge|url=https://freedge.org/freedge-yourself/legal/|access-date=2021-10-01|website=freedge.org}} Policies addressing maintaining a community fridge vary widely from community to community. In some USA states, fridges must be placed on private property, which makes them dependent on the owners willingness to participate.{{Cite web|title=Community Fridges Toolkit|url=https://www.boston.gov/sites/default/files/file/2021/04/Community%20Fridges%20Toolkit.pdf}} In Boston's Allston Neighborhood, the Allston community fridge was forced to move because new property owners were no longer willing to house them.{{Cite web|title=Launched last year, a community fridge in Allston now needs a new home|url=https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2021/06/02/allston-community-fridge-needs-a-new-home/|access-date=2021-10-03|website=www.boston.com|language=en-US}} In Chicago, residents worried about their landlord's reaction to a fridge located in their building. In New York, experiments were paired with initiatives to reuse abandoned publicly owned property and vacant lots.
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/06/28/hunger-philadelphia-free-fridges/ A Washington Post feature on free fridges in Philadelphia]