saharanpur

{{See also|History of Uttar Pradesh|Saharanpur division}}

During the reign of Iltutmish (r 1211–1236), the region became a part of the Delhi Sultanate. At that time, most of the area remained covered with forests and marshlands, through which the Paondhoi, Dhamola, and Ganda Nala rivers flowed. The climate was humid and malaria outbreaks were common. Muhammad bin Tughluq, the Sultan of Delhi (1325–1351), undertook a campaign in the northern doab to crush the rebellion of the Shivalik kings in 1340, when according to local tradition he learned of the presence of a sufi saint on the banks of the Paondhoi River. After visiting the sage, he ordered that henceforth this region would be known as 'Shah-Haroonpur', after the Sufi Saint Shah Haroon Chishti.[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V21_375.gif History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325212135/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V21_375.gif |date=25 March 2023}} The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 21, p. 369. 1909. The simple but well-preserved tomb of this saint is situated in the oldest quarter of Saharanpur city, between the Mali Gate/Bazar Dinanath and Halwai Hatta. By the end of the 14th century, the power of the Sultanate had declined and it was attacked by Timur the Lame (1336–1405) of Central Asia. Timur had marched through the Saharanpur region in 1399 to sack Delhi and people of the region fought his army unsuccessfully. A weakened Sultanate was later conquered by the Central Asian Mogul king Babur (1483–1531).

In the 16th century, Babur, a Timurid descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan from Fergana Valley (modern-day Uzbekistan), invaded across the Khyber Pass and founded the Mughal Empire, covering India, along with modern-day Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh[https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/mughals/ The Islamic World to 1600: Rise of the Islamic Empires (The Mughal Empire)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927121217/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/mughals/ |date=2011-09-27 }} The Mughals were descended from Persianised Central Asian Turks (with significant Mongol admixture).

During the Mughal period, Akbar (1542–1605), Saharanpur became an administrative unit under the Province of Delhi. Akbar bestowed the feudal jagir of Saharanpur to the ,Raja Sah Ranveer Singh, an Aggarwal Jain who laid the foundations of the present-day city on the site of an army cantonment. The nearest settlements at that time were Shekhpura and Malhipur. Saharanpur was a walled city, with four gates: the Sarai Gate, the Mali Gate, the Buria Gate, and the Lakhi Gate. The city was divided into the neighbourhoods named Nakhasa Bazar, Shah Behlol, Rani Bazar and Lakhi Gate. The ruins of Shah Ran Veer Singh's old fort can still be seen in the Chaudharian locality of Saharanpur, not far from the better known 'Bada-Imam-bada'. He also built a large Jain temple in Muhallah/Toli Chaundhariyan,Madhu Jain, O. C. Handa, and Omacanda Handa, Wood Handicraft: A Study of Its Origin and Development in Saharanpur, Indus Publishing (2000), pp. 22–24. {{ISBN|81-7387-103-5}} it is now known as the 'Digamber-Jain Panchayati Mandir'.

Mughal emperors Akbar and later Shah Jahan (1592–1666) bestowed the administrative pargana of Sarwat on Muslim Sayyid families. In 1633, one of them founded a city and named it and the surrounding region Muzaffarnagar, in honour of his father, Sayyid Muzaffar Ali Khan. The Sayyids ruled the area until the 1739 invasion by Nadir Shah. After his departure, anarchy prevailed across the entire doab with the region ruled in succession by Jats. Taking advantage of this anarchy, the Rohillas took control of the entire trans-Gangetic region.

Ahmad Shah Durrani, the Afghan ruler who invaded Northwestern and Northern India in the 1750s, conferred the territory of Saharanpur as Jagir on Rohilla chief Najaf Khan, who assumed the title of Nawab Najeeb-ud-Daula and took up residence in Saharanpur in 1754. He made Gaunsgarh his capital and tried to strengthen his position against Maratha Empire attacks by entering an alliance with the Hindu Gurjar chieftain Manohar Singh. In 1759, Najeeb-ud-Daula issued a Deed of Agreement handing over 550 villages to Manohar Singh, who became the Raja of Landaura.

In 1757, the Maratha army captured the Saharanpur region, which resulted in Najeeb-ud-Daula losing control of Saharanpur to the Maratha rulers Raghunath Rao and Malharao Holkar. The conflict between Rohillas and Marathas came to an end on 18{{nbsp}}December 1788 with the arrest of Ghulam Qadir, the grandson of Najeeb-ud-Daula, who was defeated by the Maratha general Mahadaji Scindia. The most significant contribution of Nawab Ghulam Qadir to Saharanpur city is the Nawab Ganj area and the Ahmedabadi fortress therein, which still stands. The death of Ghulam Qadir put an end to the Rohilla administration in Saharanpur and it became the northernmost district of the Maratha Empire. Ghani Bahadur Banda was appointed its first Maratha governor. The Maratha Regime saw the construction of the Bhuteshwar Temple and Bagheshwar Temple in Saharanpur city. In 1803, following the Second Anglo-Maratha War, when the British East India Company defeated the Maratha Empire, Saharanpur came under British suzerainty.{{cite book

|last = Mayaram

|first = Shail

|title = Against history, against state: counterperspectives from the margins Cultures of history

|date = 7 January 2024

|publisher = Columbia University Press, 2003

|isbn = 978-0-231-12731-8}}

Saharanpur was the home to the first armed rebellion against British rule in Uttar Pradesh. In 1813 there was mass revolt by the Hindu Gujjars of Saharanpur against British rule, but it was quickly suppressed. In 1824. Raja Kunja Singh, formerly the taluqdar of Kunja near Roorkee, led an armed revolt against East India Company rule and established a quasi-independent state; however, after fierce battle the rebellion was quashed. It was found later by British authorities that the Gujjars of surrounding districts were about to come to the aid of Kunja Singh, but by then he had been defeated.Majumdar, R. C. (1971). History of the Freedom Movement in India: Volume I. Firma KL Mukhopadhyay. p. 108.

When India rebelled in 1857 against the foreign Company's occupation, now referred to as the First War of Indian Independence, the Saharanpur and the present-day Muzaffarnagar Districts were part of that uprising. The centre of freedom fighters' operations was Shamli, a small town in the Muzaffarnagar region which was liberated for some time. After the uprising failed, British retribution was severe. Death and destruction was particularly directed against the Muslims of the region, whom the British considered as the main instigators of the rebellion (even though Hindu Gurjars were the ones who had led the revolt ).Stokes, E. (1969). "[http://www.jstor.org/stable/2638016 Rural Revolt in the Great Rebellion of 1857 in India: A Study of the Saharanpur and Muzaffarnagar Districts]". The Historical Journal, 12(4), 606–627. When social reconstruction started, the cultural and political history of Muslims began to revolve around Deoband and Aligarh. Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, both proponents of the reformer Shah Waliullah's ideology for social and political rejuvenation, established a school in Deoband in 1867. It found popularity and global recognition as the Darul Uloom Deoband. Its founders' mission was twofold: to raise and spread a team of scholars able to awaken the religious and social consciousness of Muslims through peaceful methods and to make efforts, through them, to educate Muslims in their faith and culture; and to bring about a feeling of nationalism and national unity by promoting the concept of Hindu-Muslim unity and a united India. Muslim scholars in the city of Saharanpur were active supporters of this ideology and went on to establish the Mazahir Uloom theological seminary six months later.

File:Weeks Edwin Lord Indian Barbers Saharanpore.jpg (1849–1903)]]

Saharanpur is located at {{coord|29.97|N|77.55|E|}}, about {{convert|130|km}} south-southeast of Chandigarh, {{convert|170|km}} north-northeast of Delhi, {{convert|65|km}} north-northeast of Shamli and about {{convert|61|km}} south-west of Dehradun. It has an average elevation of {{convert|291|m}}. Saharanpur is a part of a geographical doab region. Saharanpur district joins four states together Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Haryana.

{{Weather box

| location = Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh

| metric first = yes

| single line = y

| Jan high C = 20

| Feb high C = 22

| Mar high C = 28

| Apr high C = 35

| May high C = 38

| Jun high C = 37

| Jul high C = 33

| Aug high C = 32

| Sep high C = 32

| Oct high C = 31

| Nov high C = 26

| Dec high C = 21

| Jan mean C =

| Feb mean C =

| Mar mean C =

| Apr mean C =

| May mean C =

| Jun mean C =

| Jul mean C =

| Aug mean C =

| Sep mean C =

| Oct mean C =

| Nov mean C =

| Dec mean C =

| year mean C =

| Jan low C =6

| Feb low C =8

| Mar low C =12

| Apr low C =18

| May low C =23

| Jun low C =26

| Jul low C =25

| Aug low C =25

| Sep low C =22

| Oct low C =16

| Nov low C =10

| Dec low C =6

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 30

| Feb precipitation mm = 40

| Mar precipitation mm = 20

| Apr precipitation mm = 10

| May precipitation mm = 10

| Jun precipitation mm = 70

| Jul precipitation mm = 240

| Aug precipitation mm = 200

| Sep precipitation mm = 120

| Oct precipitation mm = 20

| Nov precipitation mm = 0

| Dec precipitation mm = 10

| year precipitation mm = 830

| unit precipitation days =

| precip days colour = green

| Jan precipitation days =1.7

| Feb precipitation days =1.5

| Mar precipitation days =1.5

| Apr precipitation days =1.1

| May precipitation days =1.4

| Jun precipitation days =2.8

| Jul precipitation days =7.5

| Aug precipitation days =7.6

| Sep precipitation days =2.7

| Oct precipitation days =1.0

| Nov precipitation days =0.6

| Dec precipitation days =0.9

| year precipitation days =30.3

| source 1 = Weatherbase{{cite web|title=Saharanpur, India Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=160541&cityname=Saharanpur-Uttar-Pradesh-India&units=metric|website=Weatherbase|access-date=23 May 2021|archive-date=23 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523044609/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=160541&cityname=Saharanpur-Uttar-Pradesh-India&units=metric|url-status=live}}

}}

{{Historical population

| source = {{cite book|title=District Census Handbook Saharanpur Part-A|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Uttar Pradesh|location=Lucknow|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0901_PART_A_DCHB_SAHARANPUR.pdf|access-date=22 May 2021|archive-date=22 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722102803/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0901_PART_A_DCHB_SAHARANPUR.pdf|url-status=live}}{{rp|470–471}}

| 1901 | 66254

| 1911 | 62850

| 1921 | 62261

| 1931 | 78665

| 1941 | 105622

| 1951 | 148435

| 1961 | 185213

| 1971 | 225396

| 1981 | 295355

| 1991 | 374945

| 2001 | 455754

| 2011 | 705478

|align=center}}

According to the 2011 Indian census, Saharanpur had a population of 705,478, 12.5% of whom were under the age of six, living in 129,856 households within the municipal corporation limits.{{cite book|title=District Census Handbook Saharanpur Part-B|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Uttar Pradesh|location=Lucknow|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0901_PART_B_DCHB_SAHARANPUR.pdf|access-date=22 May 2021|archive-date=22 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722102419/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0901_PART_B_DCHB_SAHARANPUR.pdf|url-status=live}}{{rp|26–27}} The city is spread over an area of {{convert|46.74|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}} and with a population density of {{convert|15093.67|/sqkm|/sqmi|abbr=on}}, is the eleventh most populous city in Uttar Pradesh.{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | access-date = 7 July 2012 | archive-date = 6 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190106225912/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf%20 | url-status = live }} Saharanpur had a population of 455,754 in 2001 and 374,945 in 1991.

Males constitute of 52.7% of the total population while females constitute of 47.3% of the total population and thus, the city has a sex ratio of 891 females for every 1,000 males. The city has an average literacy rate of 76.32%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes account for 14.2% and 0.1% of the population respectively. There are 233,196 people, constituting about 33% of the total population, who live in slums in the city.

{{bar box

|title=Religions in Saharanpur City (2011)

|titlebar=#Fcd116

|left1=Religion

|right1=Percent

|float=left

|bars=

{{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|50.92}}

{{bar percent|Islam|green|45.89}}

{{bar percent|Sikhism|darkkhaki|1.23}}

{{bar percent|Jainism|pink|1.03}}

{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.45}}

}}

Roughly half of the city's population are Hindus, who form a slight majority, while Muslims constitute about 45 percent of the total population. Sikhs and Jains are also present in smaller numbers.{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India|access-date=9 August 2023|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163323/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|url-status=live}}

{{pie chart

|thumb = right

|caption = Languages in Saharanpur town (2011)

|label1 = Hindi |value1 = 71.23 |color1 = orange

|label2 = Urdu |value2 = 27.08 |color2 = green

|label3 = Khari Boli |value3 = 1.23 |color3 = pink

|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.46 |color4 = grey

}}

The most widely spoken language in Saharanpur is Hindi, which along with Urdu is the official language of Uttar Pradesh.{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=Ministry of Minority Affairs|access-date=20 December 2018|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}} There are significant numbers of Urdu and Punjabi speakers, while Haryanvi is also spoken, as the district shares a border with Haryana.{{cite web |title=2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue - Uttar Pradesh (Town Level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10235/download/13347/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |access-date=27 June 2022 |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India |archive-date=3 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603091405/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10235/download/13347/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |url-status=live }} The standard dialect of Hindi spoken is the Khari Boli dialect.{{Citation | title=An Outline of the cultural history of India | author=Syed Abdul Latif | publisher=Oriental Books, 1979 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SHNDAAAAYAAJ | quote=... Khari Boli is spoken as mother-tongue in the following areas: (1) East of the Ganges, in the districts of Rampur, Bijnor and Moradabad,Bareilly, (2) between the Ganges and the Jamuna, in the districts of Meerut, Muzaffar Nagar, Azamgarh, Varanasi, May, Saharanpur and in the plain district of Dehradun, and (3) West of the Jamuna, in the urban areas of Delhi and Karnal and the eastern part of Ambala district ...| year=1958 }}

Saharanpur city is governed by Saharanpur Municipal Corporation, erstwhile Municipal Council.{{Cite web|title=Municipalities {{!}} District Saharanpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://saharanpur.nic.in/municipalities/|access-date=2020-09-17|language=en-US|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010015253/https://saharanpur.nic.in/municipalities/|url-status=live}} The city is divided into 4 zones and 70 wards,{{Cite web|title=Ward Map|url=http://www.saharanpurnagarnigam.in/img/Ward%20Map.JPG|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917072047/http://www.saharanpurnagarnigam.in/img/Ward%20Map.JPG|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-09-17|access-date=17 September 2020|website=Saharanpur Nagar Nigam}} represented by 70 councillors who were elected by municipal or local elections in 2017 for a five-year term.{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India com News|date=2017-12-02|title=Saharanpur Municipal Corporation Election 2017 Results Winners' List|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/saharanpur-nagar-nigam-elections-2017-results-winners-list-names-of-winning-candidates-of-bjp-bsp-sp-congress-aap-aimim-in-up-2701934/|access-date=2020-09-17|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en|archive-date=1 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001213050/http://www.india.com/news/india/saharanpur-nagar-nigam-elections-2017-results-winners-list-names-of-winning-candidates-of-bjp-bsp-sp-congress-aap-aimim-in-up-2701934/|url-status=live}} The head of the administrative wing is the Municipal Commissioner, currently Ms.Gazal Bharadwaj,{{Cite web|date=2020-09-10|title=UP's unique ATMs installed to sensitize hands and discharge Masks for only ₹5, initiative receives praises|url=https://www.theyouth.in/2020/09/10/ups-unique-atms-installed-to-sensitize-hands-and-discharge-masks-for-only-%e2%82%b95-initiative-receives-praises/|access-date=2020-09-17|website=The Youth|language=en-US|archive-date=28 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128182241/https://www.theyouth.in/2020/09/10/ups-unique-atms-installed-to-sensitize-hands-and-discharge-masks-for-only-%E2%82%B95-initiative-receives-praises/|url-status=live}} while the head of the elected wing is the mayor, Dr Ajay Kumar Singh, from the BJP.{{Cite web|title=Dr Ajay Kumar Singh (Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SAHARANPUR(SAHARANPUR) – Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur/bjp-candidate-for-the-post-of-mayor-dr-ajay-kumar-is-the-richest-saharanpur-news-c-30-1-sha1002-1120-2023-04-18|access-date=18 May 2023|archive-date=18 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518170440/https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur/bjp-candidate-for-the-post-of-mayor-dr-ajay-kumar-is-the-richest-saharanpur-news-c-30-1-sha1002-1120-2023-04-18|url-status=live}}{{cite web|date=2023-04-18|title=Saharanpur Mayor Election Result 2023: BJP's Dr Ajay Kumar Singh wins by 8000 votes|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/story-who-is-dr-ajay-kumar-singh-know-about-bjp-mayor-of-saharanpur-municipal-corporation-of-up-8161860.html|access-date=2023-05-13|website=livehindustan|language=en-US|archive-date=18 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518171913/https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/story-who-is-dr-ajay-kumar-singh-know-about-bjp-mayor-of-saharanpur-municipal-corporation-of-up-8161860.html|url-status=live}}

The city is also part of the Saharanpur Lok Sabha constituency, which elected Imran Masood from the Indian National Congress in 2024 as the Member of Parliament, and part of the Saharanpur Assembly constituency that elected Ashu Malik from the Samajwadi Party in 2022 as the MLA.{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/uttar-pradesh/ashu-malik-saharanpur-candidate-s24a004c05/ | title=Ashu-malik in Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections 2022 | access-date=26 June 2022 | archive-date=2 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502063402/https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/uttar-pradesh/ashu-malik-saharanpur-candidate-s24a004c05/ | url-status=live }}

There is only one sewage treatment plant located in Saharanpur,{{Cite web|date=2019-08-16|title=Untapped drains, under-used STPs continue to pollute Hindon, Yamuna rivers|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/noida/untapped-drains-under-used-stps-continue-to-pollute-hindon-yamuna-rivers/story-L65Pao3YOiPOEYYawjlR5O.html|access-date=2020-09-23|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001230849/https://www.hindustantimes.com/noida/untapped-drains-under-used-stps-continue-to-pollute-hindon-yamuna-rivers/story-L65Pao3YOiPOEYYawjlR5O.html|url-status=live}} while most of the waste water is discharged into the Hindon river, further polluting it.{{Cite web|date=2019-08-16|title=New plan on the anvil to restore polluted stretches of Hindon river|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/noida/new-plan-on-the-anvil-to-restore-polluted-stretches-of-hindon-river/story-jkI7GP1SyFiVGH8A6gE1AN.html|access-date=2020-09-23|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001170116/https://www.hindustantimes.com/noida/new-plan-on-the-anvil-to-restore-polluted-stretches-of-hindon-river/story-jkI7GP1SyFiVGH8A6gE1AN.html|url-status=live}}

The Saharanpur Botanical Gardens, known as the Company Garden and once the preserve of British East India Company, is one of the oldest existing gardens in India, dating to before 1750. Then named Farahat-Bakhsh, it was originally a pleasure ground set out by a local chief, Intazam ud-ullah. In 1817, it was acquired by the British East India Company[https://books.google.com/books?id=PjfVFGM4p6wC&dq=Farahat-Bakhsh&pg=PA297 Sharad Singh Negi, Biodiversity and its conservation in India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325212243/https://books.google.com/books?id=PjfVFGM4p6wC&dq=Farahat-Bakhsh&pg=PA297 |date=25 March 2023 }} 2nd revised ed. New Delhi, Indus Publishing (2008) {{ISBN|978-81-7387-211-2}} and placed under the authority of the District Surgeon. Joseph Dalton Hooker says of this Botanical Garden that "Amongst its greatest triumphs may be considered the introduction of the tea-plant from China, a fact I allude to, as many of my English readers may not be aware that the establishment of the tea-trade in the Himalaya and Assam is almost entirely the work of the superintendents of the gardens of Calcutta and Seharunpore.""Joseph Dalton Hooker, Himalayan Journals, or Notes of a Naturalist ..., Kew (1854), vol. I, p. 5.

In 1887, when the Botanical Survey of India was set up to reform the country's botanical sciences, Saharanpur became the centre for the survey of the northern Indian flora. The Garden is seen historically as being second only to the Calcutta Gardens for its contribution to science and economy in India. Under private auspices today, it is full of greenery and has many different kinds of plants and flowers.{{Cite web |url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/online-exhibitions/art-themes/india/more/lily_more_info.htm |title=Saharanpur Botanic Garden |access-date=23 October 2008 |archive-date=24 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324170058/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/online-exhibitions/art-themes/india/more/lily_more_info.htm |url-status=live }}

Siddhpeeth Shri Shakumbhari Devi Temple is an important and ancient Hindu temple. It is situated in the Shivalik hills in Behat tehsil, 40 km from Saharanpur in Uttar Pradesh.{{cite web | url=https://saharanpur.nic.in/tourist-place/shakumbhari-devi-temple/ | title=Shakumbhari Devi Temple | District Saharanpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India | access-date=26 June 2022 | archive-date=2 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702182844/https://saharanpur.nic.in/tourist-place/shakumbhari-devi-temple/ | url-status=live }} It is one of the most visited pilgrimage centres in India. Every year lakhs of visitors visit the temple. Shakumbhari devi is a famous Shaktipeeth (shrine) of maa Durga.{{cite web | url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut-city-crowd-of-devotees-at-maa-shakambhari-temple-in-saharanpur-mythological-importance-of-siddha-peeth-20928489.html | title=मां शाकम्भरी मन्दिर पर उमड़ा श्रद्धा का सैलाब, जानिए सिद्ध पीठ का पौराणिक महत्‍व | access-date=26 June 2022 | archive-date=26 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626104143/https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut-city-crowd-of-devotees-at-maa-shakambhari-temple-in-saharanpur-mythological-importance-of-siddha-peeth-20928489.html | url-status=live }}

Saharanpur, known as the "Wood Carving City," is a cultural and artistic hub in India noted for its hand-carved wooden artifacts.{{Cite news |last=Chattopadhyay |first=Anindya |title=Tale of a wooden city |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/no-filter/tale-of-a-wooden-city/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=24 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124062807/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/no-filter/tale-of-a-wooden-city/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=2022-02-11 |title=Wood-carving industry: lending UP's Saharanpur identity but looking for a saviour |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/woodcarving-industry-lending-up-s-saharanpur-identity-but-looking-for-a-saviour-101644604124494.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=24 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124062807/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/woodcarving-industry-lending-up-s-saharanpur-identity-but-looking-for-a-saviour-101644604124494.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://www.dsource.in/sites/default/files/resource/wood-carving-saharanpur/downloads/file/wood_carving_saharanpur.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=24 January 2024 |archive-date=24 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124062808/https://www.dsource.in/sites/default/files/resource/wood-carving-saharanpur/downloads/file/wood_carving_saharanpur.pdf |url-status=live }}

Situated about 40 km south of Saharanpur is an archaeological site yielding evidence of late Harappan settlement dating back to 2000 BC. It is one of the few significant Harappan sites in Western Uttar Pradesh besides Alamgirpur (Meerut district) and Bargaon (also in Saharanpur district).

File:Howrah Amritsar Express at Saharanpur.jpg passing through Saharanpur Railway Station]]

Two major National Highways pass through Saharanpur – NH 709B and NH 344. The NH 709B originates in Saharanpur and connects it to Delhi via Shamli and Baghpat,{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/180449.pdf|title=New National Highway 709B notification – GOI|website=The Gazette of India|access-date=10 March 2019|archive-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329150215/http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/180449.pdf|url-status=live}} while the NH 344 connects Saharanpur with Ambala, Yamunanagar and Roorkee{{Cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of Indian National Highways|website=Department of Road Transport and Highways|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331002823/http://www.morth.nic.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=31 March 2012|access-date=22 November 2019}} and further connected to Panchkula in Haryana and Haridwar and Dehradun in Uttarakhand. Uttar Pradesh State Highway 57, commonly known as Delhi-Yamunotri highway, also passes through the city.{{cite web|title=Complete Road_Detail's_SH |url=http://uppwd.up.nic.in/pdf/SH_Road_List.pdf |date=2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611081808/http://uppwd.up.nic.in/pdf/SH_Road_List.pdf |archive-date=11 June 2016 |publisher=Public Works Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh |access-date=12 April 2017 |url-status=dead }} The Delhi–Saharanpur–Dehradun Expressway has also been proposed, which will be ready by March 2024.{{cite news |last1=goyal |first1=raghav |title=Centre Gives In-Principle Approval For Dehradun-Delhi Expressway |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/centre-gives-in-principle-approval-for-construction-of-dehradun-delhi-expressway |access-date=9 March 2021 |work=TheQuint |date=25 February 2020 |language=en |archive-date=22 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522162000/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/centre-gives-in-principle-approval-for-construction-of-dehradun-delhi-expressway |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=K. Dash |first1=Dipak |title=23 new expressways and highways coming up in next 5 years {{!}} India News – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/23-expressways-new-highways-coming-up-in-next-5-years/articleshow/77526921.cms |access-date=9 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=19 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119062713/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/23-expressways-new-highways-coming-up-in-next-5-years/articleshow/77526921.cms |url-status=live }} Shamli- Ambala six lane expressway which is expected to be completed by 2025 will connect Gangoh Block of the district directly to Ambala.

Saharanpur Junction is the primary railway station serving the city. The station is under the administrative control of Ambala railway division of the Northern Railways,[http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,319 Ambala Division map and history] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418160819/http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,319 |date=18 April 2014 }}. and is located at the junction of Moradabad–Ambala line, Delhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line and the Delhi–Shamli–Saharanpur line. Saharanpur was connected with rail lines when the Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway completed the {{convert|483|km|mi|0|adj=mid|-long}} {{stnlnk|Amritsar}}–{{stnlnk|Ambala Cantonment Junction||Ambala}}–{{stnlnk|Saharanpur}}–{{stnlnk|Ghaziabad}} line in 1870 connecting {{stnlnk|Multan Cantonment||Multan}} (now in Pakistan) with {{stnlnk|Delhi Junction||Delhi}}.{{cite web |title=IR History: Early Days II (1870–1899) |url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |access-date=7 March 2014 |archive-date=26 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726192451/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |url-status=live }} Another line connecting Saharanpur with Moradabad was completed in 1886.{{cite web | url = http://management.ebooks6.com/The-Oudh-Rohilkhand-Railway-download-w23852.html | title = Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway | publisher = Management Ebooks | access-date = 17 January 2014 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.today/20140111051716/http://management.ebooks6.com/The-Oudh-Rohilkhand-Railway-download-w23852.html | archive-date = 11 January 2014 }}{{cite web | url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html | title = IR History – Early Days II (1870–1899) | publisher = IRFCA | access-date = 17 January 2014 | archive-date = 26 July 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160726192451/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html | url-status = live }}

The Shahdara–Saharanpur light railway connecting Shahdara in Delhi with Saharanpur was opened to traffic in 1907. The railway was built in {{RailGauge|2ft6in|lk=on}} narrow gauge and total length was {{convert|94.24|mi|km}}.{{cite web |url= http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php/Shahdara-Saharanpur_Light_Railway |title= Shahdara–Saharanpur light railway |publisher= fibis |access-date= 2 March 2014 |archive-date= 8 March 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140308161326/http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php/Shahdara-Saharanpur_Light_Railway |url-status= live }}{{cite web |url= http://www.irfca.org/steam/sslr.html |title= Shahdara–Saharanpur light railway |last= R. Sivaramakrishnan |publisher= IRFCA |access-date= 2 March 2014 |archive-date= 23 March 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140323224041/http://www.irfca.org/steam/sslr.html |url-status= live }}{{cite web|url= http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history5.html|title= IR History Part V (1970–1995)|publisher= IRFCA|access-date= 8 March 2014|archive-date= 1 July 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130701171115/http://irfca.org/faq/faq-history5.html|url-status= live}} However, due to increasing losses, the railway was closed in 1970. It was later converted to {{RailGauge|1676mm|allk=on}} broad gauge and was repopened in the late 1970s.{{cite web| url= http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/finance_budget/Previous%20Budget%20Speeches/1973-74.pdf| title= Speech of Shri Lalit Narayan Mishra introducing the Railway Budget for 1973–74, on 20th February 1973| work= Light Railways| publisher= Indian Railways| access-date= 8 March 2014| archive-date= 8 March 2014| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140308135820/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/finance_budget/Previous%20Budget%20Speeches/1973-74.pdf| url-status= live}} Saharanpur falls on the route of the proposed {{convert|1839|km|adj=on}} Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor project.[http://dfccil.org/wps/portal/DFCCPortal/ Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808014851/http://dfccil.org/wps/portal/DFCCPortal |date=8 August 2011 }}

• Saharanpuri
• Saharanpur district
• Saharanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Saharanpur}}

{{Navboxes

|list =

{{Saharanpur district}}

{{Uttar Pradesh}}

{{Saharanpur division topics}}

}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities and towns in Saharanpur district

Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh