Sayyid

A few Arabic language experts state that it has its roots in the word al-asad {{lang|ar|الأسد}}, meaning "lion", probably because of the qualities of valor and leadership.{{cite book |last1=Hitchcock |first1=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l-IkDQAAQBAJ |title=Muslim Spain Reconsidered |date=18 February 2014 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=9780748678310 |access-date=28 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729155351/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=l-IkDQAAQBAJ |archive-date=29 July 2017 |url-status=live}}{{rp|158}}{{cite book |last1=Corriente |first1=Federico |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N_hAzIqriakC |title=Dictionary of Arabic and Allied Loanwords: Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician and Kindred Dialects |publisher=BRILL |year=2008 |isbn=978-9004168589 |access-date=28 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006153300/http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=N_hAzIqriakC |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=live}}{{rp|265}} The word is derived from the verb sāda, meaning to rule. The title seyyid/sayyid existed before Islam, however not in light of a specific descent, but as a meritocratic sign of respect.{{cite book |url=http://arabiclexicon.hawramani.com/search/سيد?cat=3 |title=Lisān Al-'Arab |access-date=14 September 2022}}

Hans Wehr's Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic defines seyyid as a translation for master, chief, sovereign, or lord.{{cite book |last=Wehr |first=Hans |title=A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic |year=1976 |page=440}} It also denotes someone respected and of high status.

In the Arab world, sayyid is the equivalent of the English word "liege lord" or "master".{{cite book |last1=Cleveland |first1=William L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_JMDAAAQBAJ |title=A History of the Modern Middle East |last2=Bunton |first2=Martin |date=2 August 2016 |publisher=Westview Press |isbn=978-0-8133-4980-0 |language=en |access-date=25 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215025228/https://books.google.com/books?id=2_JMDAAAQBAJ |archive-date=15 February 2017 |url-status=live}}

The foundation of the title Sayyid is unclear. In fact the title Sayyid as a unified reference for descendants of Muhammad did not exist, according to Morimoto Kazuo, until the Mongol conquests.{{Cite book |last=Morimoto |first=Kazuo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dSzcaSf5vDsC |title=Sayyids and Sharifs in Muslim Societies: The Living Links to the Prophet |date=2012-06-25 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-33738-3 |language=en}} This can be substantiated by historic records about Abdul Qadir Gilani and Bahauddin Naqshband, who did not refer to themselves with any title, despite their lineages to Muhammad. Sometimes the ruling community of a nation took this title to portray themselves as respected and honored, though they are not actually the descendants of Muhammad. This gives reasons to think that this title is founded later on.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}} Morimoto refers to Mominov, who describes that the emergence of a community leader during the Mongol era (Ilkhanate) gave rise to the prominence of the title Sayyid.{{Rp|p=7}} This leader is most probably the Sunni Shafiite scholar Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, who lived in this time, being known as a saint credited with the honorific titles "Amir-e-Kabir"(English: "Grand Prince") and "Ali-e-Saani" (English: "Second Ali").{{cite book | last=Lawrence | first=Walter R.| title=The valley of Kashmir | publisher=Asian Educational Services | publication-place=New Delhi | date=2005 |page=292 |isbn=81-206-1630-8 | oclc=65200978}} Hamadani's religious legacy in Kashmir as well as his headquarter (Persian: Khanqah) the Khanqa-e-Mola became under the control of the Grand Sayyid Hazrat Ishaan. Hazrat Ishaan's descendants are buried in Hamadani's headquarters, on which occasion it is known as the "Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab" today.Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan (genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator:Muhammad Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore)p. 58{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69327348|title=Tarikh-i Hassan|first1=Ghulam Hasan|last1=Khuihami|first2=P. N|last2=Pushp|date=4 August 1954|publisher=Research & Publ. Dpt., Jammu & Kashmir Gov.|oclc=69327348 |via=Open WorldCat}}Suraiya Gull in "Development of Sufi Kubraviya Order with Special Reference to Mir Saiyid Ali Hamadani", p. 8

However, in Sunni Islam as practiced in the Ottoman and Mughal Empire, a person descending from Muhammad (either maternally or paternally) can only claim the title of Sayyid meritocratically by passing audits, whereupon exclusive rights, like paying lesser taxes, will be granted. These are mostly based on the claimant's demonstrated knowledge of the Quran and piousness (Arabic: Taqwa) under the assessment of a Naqib al-Ashraf, also known as a Mir in Persian-speaking countries.Tazkare Khanwade Hazrat Ishaan, p. 61, by Muhammad Yasin Qaswari Naqshbandi, published by Kooperatis Lahorin, Edare Talimat NaqshbandiyyaDamurdashi, ed. Muhammad, p. 43.Imber and Kiyotaki, p. 198. Notable examples of such a Naqib (plural: "Nuqaba") or Mirs (plural: "Miran"), were Hazrat Ishaan in the Mughal Empire and his descendant Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha in Royal Afghanistan.

Men belonging to the Sayyid families or tribes in the Arab world used to wear white or ivory coloured daggers like jambiyas, khanjars or shibriyas to demarcate their nobility amongst other Arab men, although this custom has been restricted due to the local laws of the variously divided Arab countries.{{cn|date=March 2025}}

The Sayyid families in Iraq are so numerous that there are books written especially to list the families and connect their trees. Some of these families are: the Al-Talqani, Alyassiri, Al Aqeeqi, Al-Nasrullah, Al-Wahab, Al-Hashimi, Al-Barznji, Al-Quraishi, Al-Marashi, Al-Witry, Al-Obaidi, Al-Samarai, Al-Zaidi, Al-A'araji, Al-Baka, Al-Hasani, Al-Hussaini, Al-Shahristani, Al-Qazwini Al-Qadri, Tabatabaei, Al- Alawi, Al-Ghawalib (Al-Ghalibi), Al-Musawi, Al-Awadi (not to be confused with the Al-Awadhi Huwala family), Al-Gharawi, Al-Sabzewari, Al-Shubber, Al-Hayali, Al-Kamaludeen, Al-Asadi and many others.[https://books.google.com/books?id=MiSqRD9i1TgC&dq=Sayyids+in+Iraq&pg=PA122 Reclaiming Iraq: The 1920 Revolution and the Founding of the Modern State] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430102412/https://books.google.com/books?id=MiSqRD9i1TgC&pg=PA122&dq=Sayyids+in+Iraq&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-JfJUIP8Hu2cmQXLpoHwDw&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA |date=30 April 2016 }} By Abbas Kadhim[https://web.archive.org/web/20200125105401/https://books.google.iq/books/about/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85_%D9%88%D9%85.html?id=DoI5DwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y البغداديون أخبارهم ومجالسهم] By إبراهيم عبد الغني الدروبي - مطبعة الرابطة - Baghdad 1958 – مجلس آل الوتري (House of Al-Witry Council) - Page 78.[https://web.archive.org/web/20191208013703/https://books.google.com.eg/books?id=SVJ8YNWhRaQC&pg=PT103&lpg=PT103&dq=%22%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A9+%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%22&source=bl&ots=FlVmALuTPQ&sig=bK41EaGfCnyTOvH-QRpSZS_tUs8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj_xrmBt9DLAhWG6RQKHaLRDZUQ6AEIGjAA#v=onepage&q=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%20%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A&f=false الكلية الطبية الملكية العراقية من خلال سيرة ذاتية، ج 1 (الطبعة الأولى)]. بيروت: المؤسسة العربية للدراسات والنشر. (هاشم الوتري - Hashim Al-Witry) Pages 180-181. {{ISBN|9953-441-51-0}}

File:Qadr night in Imam Reza Shrine.jpg]]

File:Mollah imamzadeh tabriz.jpg

Sayyids (in {{langx|fa|سید}} Seyyed) are found in vast numbers in Iran. The Chief of "National Organization for Civil Registration" of Iran declared that more than 6 millions of Iranians are Sayyid.[http://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=13920211000043 Six million people of Iran's population are Sadaat (Sayyid) / Tehran and Mazandaran (provinces) are the record owner of Sadaats in the country] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202012427/http://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=13920211000043 |date=2 February 2018 }} farsnews.ir1 February 2018 The majority of Sayyids migrated to Iran from Arab lands predominantly in the 15th to 17th centuries during the Safavid era. The Safavids transformed the religious landscape of Iran by imposing Twelver Shiism on the populace. Since most of the population embraced Sunni Islam, and an educated version of Shiism was scarce in Iran at the time, Ismail imported a new group of Shia Ulama who predominantly were Sayyids from traditional Shiite centers of the Arabic-speaking lands, such as Jabal Amel (of southern Lebanon), Syria, Bahrain, and southern Iraq in order to create a state clergy. The Safavids offered them land and money in return for loyalty.{{cite book |last1=Floor |first1=Willem |last2=Herzig |first2=Edmund |title=Iran and the World in the Safavid Age |date=2015 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=978-1-78076-990-5 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZNpBgAAQBAJ&q=safavids+imported+lebanon |quote=In fact, at the start of the Safavid period Twelver Shi'ism was imported into Iran largely from Syria and Mount Lebanon (...) |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903220359/https://books.google.com/books?id=HZNpBgAAQBAJ&dq=safavids+imported+lebanon&hl=nl&source=gbs_navlinks_s |archive-date=3 September 2017 }}The failure of political Islam, by Olivier Roy, Carol Volk, pg.170The Cambridge illustrated history of the Islamic world, by Francis Robinson, pg.72The Middle East and Islamic world reader, by Marvin E. Gettleman, Stuart Schaar, pg.42The Encyclopedia of world history: ancient, medieval, and modern ... by Peter N. Stearns, William Leonard Langer, pg.360 These scholars taught Twelver Shiism, made it accessible to the population, and energetically encouraged conversion to Shiism.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l1ybylkCCLAC |title=Shiʻite Lebanon: Transnational Religion and the Making of National Identities |first=Roschanack |last=Shaery-Eisenlohr |date=1 January 2008 |publisher=Columbia University Press |via=Google Books |pages=12–13 |isbn=9780231144261 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729155351/https://books.google.com/books?id=l1ybylkCCLAC |archive-date=29 July 2017 |url-status=live }}

During the reign of Shah Abbas the Great, the Safavids also imported to Iran more Arab Shias, predominantly Sayyids, built religious institutions for them, including many Madrasas (religious schools), and successfully persuaded them to participate in the government, which they had shunned in the past (following the Hidden imam doctrine).{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G-M3IRh22moC&q=sunni%20iran&pg=PT52 |title=Science Under Islam: Rise, Decline and Revival |first=Sayyed M. |last=Deen |date=1 January 2007 |publisher=Lulu.com |via=Google Books |page=37|isbn=9781847999429 }}{{self-published inline|date=February 2020}}

Common Sayyid family surnames in Iran are Husseini, Mousavi, Kazemi, Razavi, Eshtehardian, Tabatabaei, Hashemi, Hassani, Jafari, Emami, Ahmadi, Zaidi, Imamzadeh, Sherazi, Kermani (kirmani), Shahidi, and Mahdavi.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

In Oman, Sayyid is used solely as a royal title and not as a means of indicating descent from Muhammad. It is used by members of the ruling Al Said family who are not descended from Muhammad but instead from the Azd, a Qahtanite tribe. All male line descendants of Sultan Ahmad bin Said, the first ruler of Oman from the Al Said dynasty, are able to use the title of Sayyid or Sayyida.{{cite book |last1=Razik |first1=Salil |editor1-last=Badger |editor1-first=George Percy |title=History of the imâms and seyyids of Omân |date=1871 |publisher=The Hakluyt Society |page=377 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofimmss44ibnr/mode/2up}} Male line descendants of Sultan Turki bin Said are also able to use the style of His/Her Highness. The Sayyid title in Oman is some times translated as Prince.{{cite book |editor1-last=Montgomery-Massingberd |editor1-first=Hugh |title=Burke's Royal Families of the World Volume II Africa & the Middle East |date=1980 |publisher=Burke's Peerage Ltd. |page=102 |isbn=978-0-85011-029-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/burkesroyalfamil0002unse/mode/2up}}

In Yemen the Sayyids are more generally known as sadah; they are also referred to as Hashemites. In terms of religious practice they are Sunni, Shia, and Sufi. Sayyid families in Yemen include the Rassids, the Qasimids, the Mutawakkilites, the Hamideddins, some Al-Zaidi of Ma'rib, Sana'a, and Sa'dah, the Ba 'Alawi sadah families in Hadhramaut, Mufadhal of Sana'a, Al-Shammam of Sa'dah, the Sufyan of Juban, and the Al-Jaylani of Juban.[https://books.google.com/books?id=4W3o6bUwCYEC&dq=Sayyids+in+yemen&pg=PA56 A Tribal Order: Politics And Law in the Mountains of Yemen] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617154108/https://books.google.com/books?id=4W3o6bUwCYEC&pg=PA56&dq=Sayyids+in+yemen&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-pPJUPfFGcTPmAXej4DwDg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBA |date=17 June 2016 }} By Shelagh Weir{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/526186/sayyid |title=sayyid – Arabic title |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122181035/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/526186/sayyid |archive-date=22 January 2012 }}[http://ambassadors.net/archives/issue18/features3.htm From Religious Leaders to Ordinary Citizens The Changing Role of "Sadah" in Yemen] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026110753/http://ambassadors.net/archives/issue18/features3.htm |date=26 October 2012 }} By Mohammed Al-Asadi

File:Six Sufi masters (retouched).jpg in The Indian subcontinent]]

In South Asia, Sayyids are mostly credited for preaching and consolidating the religion of Islam. They are predominantly descendants of leading saints of Shia faith that migrated from Persia to preach Islamic Theology.Mohammada in The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India, p. 170Wani in Islam in Kashmir

Fourteenth to Sixteenth Century, p. 147

In the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, the Sayyid have been recognized as an ethnic group. On March 15, 2019, President Ashraf Ghani decreed the inclusion of the "Sadat tribe" in the electronically registered national identity documents (Tazkira).{{cite news |last1=Hamdard |first1=Azizullah |date=15 March 2019 |title=Ghani decrees mentioning Sadat tribe in electronic ID card |url=https://pajhwok.com/2019/03/15/ghani-decrees-mentioning-sadat-tribe-electronic-id-card/}} The majority of Sayyids live in Balkh and Kunduz in the north, as well as in Nangarhar in the east. They are predominantly Sunni Muslims^{[citation needed]}, although there are some, including in Bamiyan Province, who belong to Shia Islam. These individuals are often referred to as Sadat (from {{langx|ar|سادات}}, the plural of Sayyid), a term traditionally used to denote the descendants of Hasan and Hussein, the first Shia martyrs and sons of Ali, who are grandsons of Muhammad, particularly in the northern Hejaz region and British India.https://nps.edu/web/ccs/ethnic-genealogies

The earliest migration of Sayyids from Afghanistan to North India took place in 1032 when Gazi Saiyyed Salar Sahu (general and brother-in-law of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni) and his son Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud established their military headquarters at Satrikh ({{convert|16|km|abbr=on}} from Zaidpur) in the Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh. They are considered to be the first Muslim settlers in North India. In 1033 Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud was killed at the battle of Bahraich, the location of his mazar. Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud had no children. His parental uncle Syed Maroofuddin Ghazi and his family lived in Tijara until 1857 before they migrated to Bhopal. Syed Ahmed Rizvi Kashmiri and Khan Bahadur Aga Syed Hussain were both Rizvi Sayyids through Aaqa Meer Sayyid Hussain Qomi Rizvi, whose sacred shrine is in the Zainageer Village of Sopore, Kashmir. Iraqi Sayyids or Iraqi biradri in Eastern Uttar Pradesh are descendants of Sayyid Masud Al Hussaini who was the direct descendant of Muhammad's grandson Hussain ibn Ali and came to India from Iraq during the reign of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq in 1330 A.D. He settled with his seven sons and forty champions in Ghazipur (U.P.) as some of them (i.e., Syed Abu Bakr in Nonahra, Ghazipur) converted to Sunni Islam in the reign of Sultan Ibrahim Lodhi around 1517. His Shia descendants are now known as Sayyids of Ghazipur.{{cite web |url=https://www.myheritage.com/family-1_1000026_78475191_78475191/malikus-sadat-syed-masood-al-husaini-malikus-sadat-ruqaiyya-bibi |title=Data |website=www.myheritage.com |access-date=8 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128131236/https://www.myheritage.com/family-1_1000026_78475191_78475191/malikus-sadat-syed-masood-al-husaini-malikus-sadat-ruqaiyya-bibi |archive-date=28 January 2016 |url-status=live }}

Sayyids of Syed nagli, or Said Nagli, or the Baquari Syeds had migrated from Termez (Present day Uzbekistan){{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5VnmEMh0MF4C |title=Sayyids and Sharifs in Muslim Societies: The Living Links to the Prophet |first=Kazuo |last=Morimoto |date=1 January 2012 |publisher=Routledge |via=Google Books |isbn=9780415519175 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903220359/https://books.google.com/books?id=5VnmEMh0MF4C |archive-date=3 September 2017 |url-status=live }} during the Sultanate era. Sikandar Lodi{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fteHuo3yyAYC |title=Four Types of Loyalty in Early Modern Central Asia: The T?q?y-T?m?rid Takeover of Greater M? War? Al-Nahr, 1598–1605 |first=Thomas |last=Welsford |date=9 November 2012 |publisher=BRILL |via=Google Books |isbn=978-9004231870 |access-date=21 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903220359/https://books.google.com/books?id=fteHuo3yyAYC |archive-date=3 September 2017 |url-status=live }} was the ruler of Delhi when Mir Syed Mohammad al Hussain al Hussaini al Termezi Haji al Haramain came to India and settled at Syed Nagli. He was a Baquari Syed who drew his lineage from Muhammad al Baqir.

Perhaps the most important figure in the history of the Sayyid in Uttar Pradesh was Sayyid Basrullah Shustari, who moved from Mashad in Iran in 1549 and joined the court of the Mughal Emperor Akbar. Akbar appointed Shustari as his chief justice, who used his position to strengthen the status of the various Sayyid families. They were preferred in administrative posts and formed a privileged elite. When the Mughal Empire disintegrated, the Sayyid played an important role in the turbulent politics of the time. The new British colonial authorities that replaced the Mughals after the Battle of Buxar made a pragmatic decision to work with the various Sayyid jagirdars. Several Sayyid taluqdars in Awadh were substantial landowners under the British colonial regime, and many other Sayyid contributed to state administration.People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three, edited by A Hasan & J C Das After the abolition of the zamindari system, many Sayyid zamindars (e.g. that of Ghazipur) had to leave their homes.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lNKqYp-LTnkC&q=syeds%20of%20India&pg=PA159 |title=Legacy of a Divided Nation: India's Muslims Since Independence |first=Mushirul |last=Hasan |date=1 January 1997 |publisher=Hurst |access-date=22 September 2016 |via=Google Books|isbn=9781850653042 }}

The ancestor of the Bārha Sayyids, Sayyid Abu'l Farah Al Hussaini Al Wasti, left his original home in Wasit, Iraq, with his twelve sons at the end of the 13th century and migrated to India, where he obtained four villages in Sirhind-Fategarh. By the 16th century Abu'l Farah's descendants had taken over Bārha villages in Muzaffarnagar.[https://books.google.com/books?id=95Q3AAAAIAAJ&q=Sayyids&pg=PA126 The Encyclopaedia of Islam: Supplement : Fascicules 1–2] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506195910/https://books.google.com/books?id=95Q3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA126&dq=Sayyids+of+North+India&hl=en&sa=X&ei=E2zAUIGBHYKImQWguoCwAg&ved=0CC4Q6AEwADgo|date=6 May 2016}}, Clifford Edmund Bosworth, Brill Archive, 1980

The Sayyeds of Abdullapur Meerut are descendants of great saint Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari. They had a large Jagirdara consisting of 52 villages.Abdullapur named after Syed Mir Abdulla Naqvi Al Bukhari, he built Kot Fort of this place in the 16th century, it was his main residence.{{Cite web|last=Codingest|title=Studio Dharma - by Nikhil Jain|url=https://studiodharma.in/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=STUDIO DHARMA|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=दास्तान ए कर्बला सुन अश्कबार हुई आंखें|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut-city-14852638.html|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi}}{{Cite web|date=2016-03-17|title=Meerut police refused FIR against Vijay Mallya: waqf board|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/meerut-police-refused-fir-against-vijay-mallya-waqf-board/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Abdullapur Pin Code, Abdullapur, Meerut Map, Latitude and Longitude, Uttar Pradesh|url=https://indiamapia.com/Meerut/Abdullapur.html|access-date=2021-01-04|website=indiamapia.com}} Bukhari of Abdullapur are fractionate into Kannauji Bukhari and Jalal Bukhari. Kannauji's are descendants of Jalaludin Haider through Syed Mehboob Alam Naqvi-ul Bukhari Al-Maroof Shah Jewna or Shah Jewna son of warrior and chief advisor of Sikandar Lodi.{{Cite web|date=2012-05-09|title=Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna (RA)|url=https://nation.com.pk/10-May-2012/hazrat-pir-shah-jewna-ra|access-date=2021-01-04|website=The Nation|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Pir-e-Kamil Hazrat Pir Shah Jewna Al-Naqvi Al-Bokhari|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/469327-pir-e-kamil-hazrat-pir-shah-jewna-al-naqvi-al-bokhari|access-date=2021-01-04|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust|url=http://nazariapak.info/Sufism/Pir-Shah-Jewna.php|access-date=2021-01-04|website=nazariapak.info}}{{Cite web|title=Glories of Hazrat Pir shah Jewana|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/5652-glories-of-hazrat-pir-shah-jewana|access-date=2021-01-04|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}} Famous writer Syed Qudrat Naqvi Al Bukhari was born here later migrated to Pakistan after partition, his famous books are Ghalib kaun hai, Asaas-i-Urdu, Ghalib-i-sad rang, Seerat-un-Nabi, Hindi-Urdu lughat, Mutal'a-i-Abdul Haq, Lisani maqalaat.{{Cite web|last=Parekh|first=Rauf|date=2017-12-12|title=Syed Qudrat Naqvi and his research on Ghalib|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1376001|access-date=2021-01-04|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}

The Sayyids of Safipur are HUSSAINI Sayyids They are descendants of great saint Makhdoom Shah Ala Jajmawi Zanjani(He Was born in Zanjan (1175). his father was first migrated from Zanjan, Iran to India his name was qazi siraj uddin hasan zanjani . He was the chief qazi of Zanjan Iran.{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.113180/page/n9/mode/2up | title=Sitapur: A Gazetteer, Being Volume Xl of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh | date=1905 }}

The Sayyids of Bilgram are Hussaini Sayyids, who first migrated from Wasit, Iraq, in the 13th century.[https://books.google.com/books?id=ds4IFuJDl-QC&q=Bilgram&pg=PA92 Essays in Arabic Literary Biography: 1350–1850] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528190156/https://books.google.com/books?id=ds4IFuJDl-QC&pg=PA92&dq=Sayyids+of+Bilgram&hl=en&sa=X&ei=deO9UMP3IYLLmAWpyYDoCw&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBg |date=28 May 2016 }}, Roger M. A. Allen, Joseph Edmund Lowry, Terri DeYoung, Devin J. Stewart, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 30 December 2009 Their ancestor, Syed Mohammad Sughra, a Zaidi Sayyid of Iraq, arrived in India during the rule of Sultan Iltutmish. In 1217–18 the family conquered and settled in Bilgram.[https://books.google.com/books?id=pR0LzVCpfw8C&q=Bilgram&pg=PA166 Islam in South Asia in Practice] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113553/https://books.google.com/books?id=pR0LzVCpfw8C&pg=PA166&dq=Sayyids+of+Bilgram&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4ze_UIyuIsbImAW2l4DIAQ&ved=0CDEQ6AEwATgK |date=25 April 2016 }}, Barbara D. Metcalf, Princeton University Press, 8 September 2009

A notable Sufi that belonged to a Sayyid family was Syed Salar Masud, from whom many of the Sayyid families of Awadh claim their lineage. Sayyids of Salon (Raebareli), Jarwal (Bahraich), Kintoor (Barabanki), and Zaidpur (Barabanki) were well-known Taluqadars (feudal lords) of Awadh province.

Sadaat also found in Kannauj trace their lineage from Husayn through Ali al-Hadi, a branch of Naqvi Bukhari. Famous Pir Syed Mehboob Alam Naqvi-ul Bukhari Al-Maroof Shah Jewna son of great warrior Syed Sadaruddin Shah Kabeer Naqvi (saint and also chief advisor) of Sikandar Lodi was also born in Kannauj and spent 66yrs of his life in kannauj later moved to Shah Jeewna. Makhdoom Jahaniya Mosque is still present in Shikana, Kannauj. Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan was also from Kannauj, he is a Bukhari Naqvi Sayyed converted from Shi'a Islam to Sunni Islam in the early 1800s.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lsKMuAAACAAJ | title=A Short History of the Saracens: Being a Concise Account of the Rise and Decline of the Saracenic Power, and of the Economic, Social and Intellectual Development of the Arab Nation from the Earliest Times to the Destruction of Bagdad, and the Expulsion of| isbn=9781402150616| last1=Ali| first1=Syed Ameer| year=1999| publisher=Adegi Graphics LLC}}[https://books.google.com/books?id=GgUeAAAAMAAJ&q=Zaidpur King Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh, Volume 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509082114/https://books.google.com/books |date=9 May 2016 }} by Mirza Ali Azhar, Royal Book Co., 1982{{Citation|last=Keen|first=Caroline|title=The Rise and Fall of Siddiq Hasan, Male Consort of Shah Jahan of Bhopal|date=2014|url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137448354_13|work=The Man behind the Queen: Male Consorts in History|pages=185–204|editor-last=Beem|editor-first=Charles|series=Queenship and Power|place=New York|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|language=en|doi=10.1057/9781137448354_13|isbn=978-1-137-44835-4|access-date=2021-01-04|editor2-last=Taylor|editor2-first=Miles}}

There are different families of syeds in Bihar who belong to direct descendants of Imam Hasan and Imam Hussain. Mostly there are Hussaini (Rizvi, Zaidi, Baqri) along with Hasani (Malik, Quadri or Geelani). Sadaat are settle in different part of bihar including shia and sunni sects. They are mostly migrated to bihar from Iraq and Iran.

Syed Yaqub Halabi also known as Syed Yaqub Baghdadi, a Hanafi Qazi from MadrassaAl Nizamiyya, originally from Halab (Aleppo) who travelled to India with Muhammad of Ghor after the Second Battle of Tarain. He was an eleventh generational descendant of Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin through his son Abd Allah Al Bahr Al Ilm.

Sharafuddin Maneri{{Cite book|last=Hanif|first=N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3GXOqPa67MC&q=biolographical+encyclopaedia+of+sufi+(south+asia)|title=Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: South Asia|date=2000|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-087-0|language=en}} belongs to Banu Hashim family of Imam Taj Faqih. In Bihar, Sayyids were landlords, judges, barristers, intellectuals, civil servant, clerics, teachers, businessmen and farmers. Sufi Saint and a warrior Malik Ibrahim Bayu who conquered Bihar during the time of tughlaq is one the most famous personality in bihar. Bihar's first prime minister Mohammad Yunus{{Cite news|author=TNN|date=14 May 2012|title=Bihar's first premier Yunus remembered|language=en|newspaper=Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Bihars-first-premier-Yunus-remembered/articleshow/13128266.cms|access-date=2020-11-26}}{{Cite web |agency=TNN|date=May 14, 2012 |title=Bihar's first premier Yunus remembered {{!}} Patna News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/bihars-first-premier-yunus-remembered/articleshow/13128266.cms |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en}} Nobel prize nominee and Padma shri winner Syed Hassan,{{Cite web |title=Dr. Syed Hasan |url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/1-community-news/13790-dr-syed-hasan/ |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=The Milli Gazette — Indian Muslims Leading News Source |language=en}} Political Scientist Abu Bakr Ahmad Haleem{{Cite web |last=Ahanger |first=Javid Ahmad |title=ABA Haleem: A Forgotten Muslim Political Scientist |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/aba-haleem-a-forgotten-muslim-political-scientist |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Greater Kashmir |date=13 June 2018 |language=en}} was the Pro-Vice Chancellor of Aligarh University and Karachi University, The great Abdul Bari,{{Cite web |title=The Freedom Fighter and Labour Leader Still Beloved in Jamshedpur |url=https://thewire.in/labour/may-day-abdul-bari-labour-leader |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=The Wire}}{{Cite web |title=professor abdul bari |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/professor-abdul-bari-azeem-mujahid-e-azadi-aur-bihar-ke-memar-ashraf-asthanwi-ebooks |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Rekhta |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Services |first=Hungama Digital |title=Tata Workers Union pays homage to Prof Abdul Bari |url=http://www.tatasteel.com/media/newsroom/press-releases/india/2010/tata-workers-union-pays-homage-to-prof-abdul-bari/ |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=www.tatasteel.com |language=en}} Zaid Hamid Syed Zaid Zaman Hamid is a Pakistani far-right, Islamist political commentator and was included in 500 most influential Muslims in world and Brigadier Malik Mokhtar Karim{{Cite book |last=Majid |first=Ayesha |url=https://www.academia.edu/38508642 |title=Surviving Father of Pakistan Army Aviation: Brigadier Mokhtar Karim |date=2017-01-01}} are few names from Malik Sadaat of Bihar.

Zaidi Sadaat of Bihar are the descendants of Sufi saint Syed Ahmad Jajneri and Syed Mohammed Jajneri. Syed Ahmad Jajneri migrated to India from Baghdad during the reign of Muhammad of Ghor and later migrated to Bihar. He was the direct descendant of Zayd ibn Ali who was the grandson of Husayn ibn Ali and therefore his descendants are called Husseini(Zaidi)Sadaat. His descendants are mostly settled in Bihar Sharif, Munger, Sheikhpura and Jamui region of Bihar.

Most prominent personalities of Sadaat of Bihar were from Desna, Bihar. For Example Syed Mohammed Saeed Raza, Abdul Qavi Desnavi{{Cite web|date=2012-03-08|title=Abdul Qavi Desnavi|url=http://litterateurabdulqavidesnavi.blogspot.com/2012/03/abdul-qavi-desnavi-november-11930-july.html|website=Litterateur Abdul Qavi Desnavi}} and Sulaiman Nadvi.{{cite news|title= बर्बादी की कगार पर है ये ऐतिहासिक लाइब्रेरी, कभी यहां पहुंचे थे राजेंद्र प्रसाद और जाकिर हुसैन|publisher=News18|access-date=2021-01-03|date=2019-12-22|author=Abhishek Kumar|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/nalanda-historical-desna-library-nalanda-ruin-dr-rajendra-prasad-zakir-husain-had-arrived-here-brsna-nodvkj-2710441.html}}[http://heritagetimes.in/syed-suleman-nadvi/ Suleman Nadvi. |URL=] Desna's library, established in 1892, had thousands of old Persian and Urdu manuscripts. After the partition of India, during uncertain times of mass emigration to Pakistan, the books were donated to Khuda Bakhsh Khan Library in Patna, where a Desna section was established to house these treasures. Other famous personalities of Bihari Syed were Syed Sultan Ahmed, Syed Hasan Imam and his brother Syed Ali Imam.

In Kerala, a number of Sayyid families (Qabila) are found. Most of them migrated from Arabian peninsula (Yemen's Hadharamout) and Central Asian region in the Middle Ages and settled under the patronage of Zamorins. Famous among are Jifris, Bukharis and Ba-Alawis.{{Cite journal |last=Levesque |first=Julien |date=2023-07-03 |title=Anjuman, jami'at, and association: what Sayyid organizations tell us about associational forms among Muslim caste groups |journal=Contemporary South Asia |language=en |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=483–497 |doi=10.1080/09584935.2023.2240719 |issn=0958-4935|doi-access=free }}

Sayyids occupy various positions as jurists (qazi), scholars (ulama') and leaders (umara'). The state leaders of Indian Union Muslim League and Samastha are mostly chosen from Panakkad Thangal Family. A religious educational institute named 'Sadath Academy' was established in Kerala exclusively for Sayyid students.{{Cite web |title=Ma'din Academy - Makes Tomorrows |url=https://madin.edu.in/ |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=Ma'din Academy |language=en-US}}

File:Classical multidimensional scaling based on RST genetic distances showing the genetic affinities of the Syeds with their non IHL neighbours from India and Pakistan (both in bold characters) and with various other Arab populations.pngs showing the genetic affinities of the Syeds with their non-IHL (Islamic honorific lineages) neighbours from India and Pakistan (both in bold characters) and with various other Arab populations]]

The authors of the study, the Y chromosomes of self-identified Syeds from the Indian sub-continent are no less diverse than those non-Syeds from the same regions, suggested that Syed status showed evidence of elevated Arab ancestry but not of a recent common patrilineal origin.[http://www.ucl.ac.uk/mace-lab/publications/articles/2010/Belle_AAS10_Syed.pdf Y chromosomes of self-identified Syeds from the Indian subcontinent show evidence of elevated Arab ancestry but not of a recent common patrilineal origin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110073004/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/mace-lab/publications/articles/2010/Belle_AAS10_Syed.pdf |date=10 November 2012 }} Elise M. S. Belle & Saima Shah & Tudor Parfitt & Mark G. Thomas; Received: 11 March 2010 / Accepted: 28 May 2010 / Published online: 29 June 2010

In Northern India, Uttar Pradesh & Bihar 0.2 per cent of the Sunni Muslim belong to haplogroup J1, which, given its absence in Indian non-Muslims is likely of exogenous Middle Eastern origin. There are 18 per cent belonging mainly to haplogroup J2 and another 11 per cent belong to haplogroup J1, which both represent Middle Eastern lineages, but may not hint exact descent from Muhammad. J1 is exclusively Near Eastern. The results for Sayyids showed minor but still detectable levels of gene flow primarily from Iran, rather than directly from the Arabian peninsula.{{cite web |url=http://dienekes.blogspot.com.au/2009/10/middle-eastern-and-sub-saharan-lineages.html |title=Dienekes' Anthropology Blog: Middle Eastern and Sub-Saharan lineages in Indian Muslim populations |date=10 October 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407070404/http://dienekes.blogspot.com.au/2009/10/middle-eastern-and-sub-saharan-lineages.html |archive-date=7 April 2014 }}

The paper, "Y chromosomes of self-identified Syeds from the Indian subcontinent", by Elise M. S. Belle, Saima Shah, Tudor Parfitt, and Mark G. Thomas showed that "self-identified Syeds had no less genetic diversity than those non-Syeds from the same regions, suggesting that there is no biological basis to the belief that self-identified Syeds in this part of the world share a recent common ancestry. However, self-identified men belonging to the IHL (Syeds, Hashemites, Quraysh and Ansari) show greater genetic affinity to Arab populations—despite the geographic distance, than other Indian populations.[http://www.ucl.ac.uk/mace-lab/publications/articles/2010/Belle_AAS10_Syed.pdf Y chromosomes of self-identified Syeds from the Indian subcontinent show evidence of elevated Arab ancestry but not of a recent common patrilineal origin]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110073004/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/mace-lab/publications/articles/2010/Belle_AAS10_Syed.pdf |date=10 November 2012 }}, Elise M. S. Belle & Saima Shah & Tudor Parfitt & Mark G. Thomas; Received: 11 March 2010 / Accepted: 28 May 2010 / Published online: 29 June 2010

Most of the Alawi Sayyids who moved to Southeast Asia were descendants of Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, especially of Ba 'Alawi sada, many of which were descendants of migrants from Hadhramaut. Even though they are only "alleged" descendants of Husayn, it is uncommon for the female Sayyids to be called Sayyidah; they are more commonly called Sharifah. Most of them live in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Moro Province in Philippines, Pattani and Cambodia. Many of the royal families of this region such as the previous royal families of the Philippines (Sultanate of Sulu, Sultanate of Maguindanao, Confederation of Sultanates of Ranao), Country of Singapore (Sultanate of Singapore House of Bendahara), Country of Malaysia (Sultanates of Johor House of Temenggong, Sultanates of Pahang and Sultanates of Terengganu House of Bendahara, Kingdom of Perlis House of Jamalullail), Country of Indonesia (Sultanates of Siak, Sultanates of Pontianak, Sultanates of Gowa, some Javanese Sultanates), Country of Brunei (Sultanates of Brunei House of Bolkiah) are also Sayyids, especially of Ba'Alawi.[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=6224672A7D9E4E2C466B8A121385DD3A.journals?fromPage=online&aid=6109016 ‘Strangers’ and ‘stranger-kings’: The sayyid in eighteenth-century maritime Southeast Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227170907/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=6224672A7D9E4E2C466B8A121385DD3A.journals?fromPage=online&aid=6109016 |date=27 December 2013 }} By Jeyamalar Kathirithamby-Wells{{cite web |url=http://www.ghatreh.org/view/3501/Development-of-Islam-in-Southeast-Asia-by-Alawi-Sayyids |title=Development of Islam in Southeast Asia by Alawi Sayyids |access-date=22 September 2016 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111125039/http://www.ghatreh.org/view/3501/Development-of-Islam-in-Southeast-Asia-by-Alawi-Sayyids |archive-date=11 November 2014 }}[https://books.google.com/books?id=5VnmEMh0MF4C&dq=sayyids+in+South+East+Asia&pg=PA248 Sayyids and Sharifs in Muslim Society: The Living Links to the Prophet] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505155534/https://books.google.com/books?id=5VnmEMh0MF4C&pg=PA248&lpg=PA248&dq=sayyids+in+South+East+Asia&source=bl&ots=O0691fUjQM&sig=tiNQWb8le-zjCjm5_PdiOhzm7-Y&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_MTJUMWcD4XUrQeb4IDgDQ&ved=0CEkQ6AEwAw |date=5 May 2016 }} By Kazuo MorimotoSoutheast Asia (3 Volumes): A Historical Encyclopedia from Angkor Wat to East Timor {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609192653/https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA170&lpg=PA170&dq=sayyids+in+South+East+Asia&source=bl&ots=3WtWJ838XX&sig=20KO8zoMvBxvsI7N4VLN3rla378&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_MTJUMWcD4XUrQeb4IDgDQ&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBA|date=9 June 2016}} By Keat Gin Ooi

Some common surnames of these Sayyids are Al-Saqqaf (or As-Saqqaf, Assegaf, Assegaff, Al-Sagoff), Shihab (or Shahab), Al-idaroos (or Al-Aydrus, Al Aidrus, Alaydrus, House of Bendahara, House of Temenggong), Al-Habsyi (or Al-Habshi), Al-Kaff, Al-Aththos (or Al-Attas, Alattas, Alattos), Al-Haddad Alhaddad), Al-Jufri (or Al-Jifri), Al-Muhdhar, Al-Shaikh Abubakar, Al-Qadri, Al-Munawwar, Al-Akbar Al-Hasani (or Al Akbar Al Hasani, Al-Bolkiah, House of Bolkiah), Al-Jamalullail (or Al Jamalullail, Djamalullail, House of Jamalullail)."Imam Abdallah ibn Alawi al-Haddad". Notes on Islam. April 30, 2012. Retrieved September 18, 2014.

In the Ottoman Empire, tax breaks for "the People of the House" encouraged many people to buy certificates of descent or forge genealogies; the phenomenon of teseyyüd – falsely claiming noble ancestry – spread across ethnic, class, and religious boundaries. In the 17th century, an Ottoman bureaucrat estimated that there were 300,000 impostors. In 18th-century Anatolia, nearly all upper-class urban people claimed descent from Muhammad.{{cite journal |last=Canbakal |first=Hülya |title=The Ottoman State and Descendants of the Prophet in Anatolia and the Balkans (c. 1500–1700) |journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |year=2009 |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=542–578 |doi=10.1163/156852009X458241 |issn=0022-4995 }}{{Cite web|title=Y chromosomes of self-identified Syeds from the Indian subcontinent show evidence of elevated Arab ancestry but not of a recent common patrilineal origin|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225539006|access-date=2021-07-18|website=ResearchGate|language=en}}

Descendants of Muhammad are present in many royal families today and are predominantly of Sunni faith.

{{Further|List of Ashraf tribes in Libya}}

The Sayyids in Libya are Sunni, including the former royal family, which is originally Zaidi-Moroccan (also known as the Senussi family).{{Cite web|url=http://24dec1951.com/libya/the-senussi-family.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121226195534/http://24dec1951.com/libya/the-senussi-family.html|title=The Senussi family|archive-date=26 December 2012}} The El-Barassa Family are Ashraf as claimed by the sons of Abdulsalam ben Meshish, a descendant of Hassan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib.

The Hashemite royal family of Jordan also claims descent from Muhammad in the line of the Sharifs of Mecca, vassals that were set by the Fatimids and recognized by the Ottomans, tracing their lineage back to Imam Hasan ibn Ali.{{cite book | last=Salibi | first=Kamal S. | title=The modern history of Jordan | publisher=I.B. Tauris | publication-place=London | date=1993 | isbn=1-85043-610-X | oclc=28839449 | pages=53–55}} The Hashemite Royal Family under Sharif Hussein ibn Ali was crucial in ending Ottoman rule in the Arabian Peninsula, on the occasion of the spread of Pan-Turkism in the Arabian Peninsula.Karey in Oxford AQA History : A Level and AS Component 2: International Relations and Global Conflict C1890-1941, p. 113

The House of Bolkiah claims descent from Imam Hasan ibn Ali through Sharif Ali, the 3rd Sultan of Brunei, who succeeded his father in law as Sultan in virtue of his descent from Muhammad. Sharif Ali formerly served as Emir of Makkah and belonged to the Sherifians, migrating to Brunei for missionary purposes.{{cite web |title=Pusat Sejarah Brunei |url=http://www.history-centre.gov.bn/sultanbrunei.htm |language=Malay|publisher=www.history-centre.gov.bn |access-date=2016-08-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415152209/http://www.history-centre.gov.bn/sultanbrunei.htm |archive-date=April 15, 2015 |df=mdy-all }}

The Alaouite Royal family of Morocco also claims descent from Muhammad in the line of Imam Hasan ibn Ali. Their patriarch was Sharif ibn Ali, who founded the dynasty.{{Cite web |title=العلويون/الفيلاليون في المغرب |url=http://www.hukam.net/family.php?fam=90 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=www.hukam.net}}

The Sultanates of Sulu, Lanao, and Maguindanao hold a significant place in Philippine history, rooted deeply in both cultural heritage and religious identity. It is claimed that these Sultanates trace their lineage to the Prophet Muhammad, upholding the tenets of Sunni Ash'ari in Aqeeda (theological creed) and adhering to the Shafi'i school of thought in Fiqh (jurisprudence). Central to their spiritual and intellectual tradition are the teachings of Sufi missionaries from the Ba 'Alawi sada, whose influence has played a pivotal role in shaping the religious landscape of the region.{{cite journal |last1=Quiling |first1=Mucha-Shim |title=Lumpang Basih |journal=Journal of Studies on Traditional Knowledge in Sulu Archipelago and Its People, and in the Neighboring Nusantara |date=2020 |volume=3 |url=https://www.academia.edu/42073637 |access-date=20 May 2023}}

The majority of Muslims in the Philippines adhere to the Sunni Ash'ari creed and follow the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence, reflecting the enduring influence of these traditions within the Sultanates and beyond. Furthermore, there exists a profound respect for, and in many cases, the practice of Sufism among Filipino Muslims. Sufism, with its emphasis on spiritual purification and the pursuit of inner knowledge, resonates deeply with the cultural and religious fabric of the Filipino Muslim community.{{cite book |last1=Abdurahman |first1=Habib Jamasali Sharief Rajah Bassal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_QpxAAAAMAAJ&q=balfaqi%20alawi%20sulu%20sultan |title=The Sultanate of Sulu |date=2002 |publisher=Astoria Print. & Publishing Company |isbn=9789719262701 |location=University of Michigan |pages=88}}

In addition to the sayyid title, descendants of Muhammad through the Twelve Imams in Arabic, Persian and Urdu may obtain the following surnames:{{Cite book |last=Khanam |first=R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q_189OeDwSMC&pg=PA724 |title=Encyclopaedic Ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia |date=2005 |publisher=Global Vision Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8220-062-3 |language=en}}

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| Hasan ibn Ali || al-Hasani الحسني او الهاشمي || al-Hasani الحسني al-Bolkiah البلقية al-Alawi العلوی

al-Hashimi الهاشمي

|| Hashemi هاشمی

Hassani حسنى

|| Hashmi {{Nastaliq|ہاشمی}} or

Hassani {{Nastaliq|حسنی}}

Noshahi نوشاہی

|-

| Husayn ibn Ali || al-Hussaini¹ الحُسيني || al-Hussaini الحسيني

Ba 'Alawi ال باعلوي

| Hussaini حسيني || Hussaini {{Nastaliq|حسيني}} Hashemi or Shah{{Cite web |title=The Syed Family – Home of The Syed Family |url=https://thesyedfamily.com/ |access-date=2024-05-05 |language=en-US}}

|-

| Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin || al-Abidi العابدي|| al-Abidi العابدي || Abedi عابدى || Abidi or Abdi {{Nastaliq|عابدی}}

|-

| Muhammad al-Baqir || al-Baqiri الباقري || al-Baqiri الباقري || Baqiri باقری || Baqri {{Nastaliq|باقری}}

|-

| Ja'far al-Sadiq|| al-Ja'fari الجعفري || al-Ja'fari الصدق او الجعفري|| Jafari جعفرى or Dibaji دیباجی|| Jafri or Jafry {{Nastaliq|جعفری}} or Jaffery shamsi {{Nastaliq|جعفری‌شمسی}}

|-

| Zayd ibn Ali || az-Zaidi الزيدي|| al-Zaydi الزيدي

|| Zaydi زیدی|| Zaidi {{Nastaliq|زیدی}}

|-

| Musa al-Kadhim || al-Moussawi الموسوي او الكاظمي|| al-Moussawi or al-Kadhimi الموسوي او الكاظمي|| Moosavi or Kazemi موسوى / کاظمى || Kazmi {{Nastaliq|کاظمی}}

|-

| Ali al-Ridha || ar-Radawi الرضوي|| al-Ridawi or al-Radawi الرضوي|| Rizvi or Rezavi رضوى || Rizvi or Rizavi {{Nastaliq|رضوی}}

|-

| Muhammad at-Taqi || at-Taqawi التقوي|| al-Taqawi التقوي|| Taqavi تقوى || Taqvi {{Nastaliq|تقوی}}

|-

| Ali al-Hadi || an-Naqawi النقوي|| al-Naqawi النقوي or al-Bukhari البخاري or al-Qasimi {{Nastaliq|القاسمی}} || Naghavi نقوى || Naqvi {{Nastaliq|نقوی}} or Bhaakri/Bukhari {{Nastaliq|بھاکری/بخاری}}

|-

| Hasan al-AskariTazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator: Muhammad bin Nusayr company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore)p. 63https://shajara.org/2020/06/29/1426/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703065118/https://shajara.org/2020/06/29/1426/ |date=3 July 2020 }} Shajara-e-nasab lineages of descendants of Imam Hasan al-Askari r.a.{{Cite web|url=https://shajara.org/1426-shajara-e-nasab-lineages-of-descendants-of-imam-hasan-al-askari/|title=Shajara-e-nasab lineages of descendants of Imam al-Askari ibn Imam Ali al-Hadi r.a. — Shajara|access-date=16 March 2021|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417182749/https://shajara.org/1426-shajara-e-nasab-lineages-of-descendants-of-imam-hasan-al-askari/|url-status=dead}} || al-Askari العسکري || al-Askari العسکري || Sadat سادات Dakik {{Nastaliq|دقيق}} or Hazrat Ishaan {{Nastaliq|حضرت ایشان}}|| Dakik {{Nastaliq|دقيق}} or Hazrat Ishaan {{Nastaliq|حضرت ایشان}}

|-

| colspan="5" |Note: (For non-Arabic speakers) When transliterating Arabic words into English there are two approaches.

• 1. The user may transliterate the word letter for letter (e.g., "الزيدي" becomes "a-l-z-ai-d-i").
• 2. The user may transcribe the pronunciation of the word (e.g., "الزيدي" becomes "a-zz-ai-d-i"); in Arabic grammar, some consonants (n, r, s, sh, t and z) cancel the l (ل) from the word "the" al (ال) (see sun and moon letters). When the user sees the prefixes an, ar, as, ash, at, az, etc... this means the word is the transcription of the pronunciation.
• An i, wi (Arabic), or i, vi (Persian) ending could perhaps be translated by the English suffixes -ite or -ian. The suffix transforms a personal name or place name into the name of a group of people connected by lineage or place of birth. Hence Ahmad al-Hassani could be translated as Ahmad, the descendant of Hassan, and Ahmad al-Manami as Ahmad from the city of Manama. For further explanation, see Arabic names.

¹Also, El-Husseini, Al-Husseini, Husseini, and Hussaini.

²Those who use the term Sayyid for all descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib regard Allawis or Alavis as Sayyids. However, Allawis are not descendants of Muhammad, as they are descended from the children of Ali and the women he married after the death of Fatima, such as Umm ul-Banin (Fatima bint Hizam). Those who limit the term Sayyid to descendants of Muhammad through Fatima, Alawites are the same how Sayyids.

|}

• Family tree of Muhammad
• Mir
• Naqib
• Mirza (title)
• Ba'Alawi Sada
• Taqbil
• Sheikh
• Ngwenyama (a title from Africa also meaning "lion" but in a honorific sense)

{{notes}}

{{reflist}}

{{Portal bar|Islam}}

• {{EB1911|wstitle=Sayad}}
• {{cite encyclopedia|last1=Van Arendonk|first1=C.|last2=Graham|first2=W.A.|date=1960–2007|title=Sharīf|editor1-last=Bearman|editor1-first=P. J.|editor1-link=P. J. Bearman|editor2-last=Bianquis|editor2-first=Th.|editor3-last= Bosworth|editor3-first=C. E.|editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth|editor4-last=van Donzel|editor4-first=E.|editor5-last=Heinrichs|editor5-first=W. P.|editor5-link=W. P. Heinrichs|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/sharif-COM_1041}}
• [https://www.whyislam.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/familyTree_600.jpg whyislam.org content]

{{Alids}}

{{Authority control}}

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Category:Fatima

Category:Islamic honorifics

Category:Arabic words and phrases

Category:Hashemite people

Category:Descendants of individuals

Category:Titles in Oman