the "5" Royales

Originally the Royal Sons Quintet, the group began recording for Apollo Records in the early 1950s, changing its name to the Royals after abandoning gospel for secular music. The group initially included Lowman Pauling and his brother Clarence, as founding members. Clarence Pauling later shortened his name to "Clarence Paul". He left the group to become involved with Motown as a producer.[https://www.discogs.com/artist/284970-Clarence-Paul Profile of Clarence Pauling]; Discogs. Retrieved 2017-09-07. Clarence Pauling was particularly noted as a producer and mentor to Stevie Wonder, as well as producing albums for The Temptations, The Marvelettes and Marvin Gaye. Other members included the vocalists Jimmy Moore, Obadiah Carter, and Otto Jeffries, with Johnny Tanner singing lead. Tanner's younger brother, Eugene, later replaced Jeffries. The robust Johnny Tanner sang lead on most of the group's hits, including "Think," but the sweeter-voiced Eugene Tanner stepped to the microphone for the group's best-known song, "Dedicated to the One I Love." "Baby Don't Do It" and "Help Me Somebody" became hits in 1953, and the group soon signed with King Records. In addition to heartfelt odes like "Dedicated to the One I Love," Pauling also wrote comic and risque tunes, including "Monkey Hips and Rice", later the title of a two-CD anthology of the group's music released by Rhino Records in 1994. Pauling used an extra-long strap for his guitar, sometimes playing it down around his knees for comic effect. The group shared stages with all the major R&B artists of the 1950s, including Sam Cooke and Ray Charles, once substituting for the latter's Raelettes at a show in Durham, North Carolina.

According to the Acoustic Music organization, the "first clear evidence of soul music shows up with The '5' Royales, an ex-gospel group that turned to R&B".[https://acousticmusic.org/research/history/timeline-of-musical-styles-guitar-history/ TIMELINE OF MUSICAL STYLES & GUITAR HISTORY]

Confusion arose when two groups of Royals began touring, the other led by the Detroit R&B star Hank Ballard. According to members of the "5" Royales, the confusion peaked in 1953 when an unscrupulous promoter booked Ballard's group in Winston-Salem, trying to pass the Detroit band off as the hometown group with the same name, much to the chagrin of a local audience. Shortly thereafter, the air cleared when Winston-Salem's Royals became the "5" Royales and Detroit's Royals became The Midnighters. (The "5" was in scare quotes because there were actually six members at the time.{{cite web |last1=Unterberger |first1=Richie |title=The "5" Royales {{!}} Biography & History |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-5-royales-mn0000064569/biography |website=AllMusic |access-date=22 May 2020 |language=en-us}}) Both groups had hits at King working with Rock and Roll Hall of Fame producer Ralph Bass, becoming good friends and routinely competing in battles of the bands at clubs like the Royal Peacock, in the Sweet Auburn section of Atlanta.

With King, "Think" and "Tears of Joy" became hits for the "5" Royales in 1957. Some of their lesser-known tracks from this period are now critically acclaimed as innovative. Rock critic Dave Marsh chose the 1958 "5" Royales hit "The Slummer the Slum" as one of the top 1001 singles of all time in his book The Heart of Rock and Soul, crediting Pauling with capturing the first intentional use of guitar feedback on record, years before better-known squawks from The Beatles, The Yardbirds, and The Velvet Underground. In the 1960s, R&B gradually gave way to more polished soul music and the Royales' career waned rapidly. The band still recorded, including for Memphis label Home Of The Blues - which results were later compiled on the posthumous Catch That Teardrop{{cite web|author=Mark Deming |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/catch-that-teardrop-mw0000583262 |title=Catch That Teardrop - The "5" Royales | Songs, Reviews, Credits |publisher=AllMusic |date=2007-03-26 |access-date=2017-07-10}} album - as well as Vee-Jay, ABC-Paramount, Smash Records and the Todd label.{{cite web|url=http://www.45cat.com/artist/the-5-royales2 |title=The "5" Royales Discography - USA |website=45cat.com |access-date=2017-07-10}}

The "5" Royales broke up in 1965, though various combinations of musicians toured under the group's name into the 1970s.{{Citation needed|date=November 2016}} For a time Pauling continued recording with the pianist and frequent Royales collaborator Royal Abbitt as El Pauling and the Royalton. Pauling's brother, Clarence Paul, a former member of the Royal Sons Quintet, found success as a producer and songwriter at Motown Records in the 1960s.

After years of struggle with alcohol dependency,{{Citation needed|date=November 2016}} Lowman Pauling (né Lowman Pete Pauling, Jr.; 1927–1973) ended up working as a night watchman at a Manhattan church and died of an apparent seizure on December 26, 1973.{{Citation needed|date=November 2016}} He was buried in Evergreen Cemetery in Winston-Salem, as were his brother Clarence, who lies next to him, and his bandmates Otto Jeffries (1912–1975), who died on August 8, 1975, and Obadiah Carter (né Obadiah Hawthorne Carter; 1925–1994).{{Citation needed|date=November 2016}} Health problems forced Eugene Tanner (né Eugene Elijah Tanner; 1936–1994) to take disability benefits in the years before his death on December 29, 1994. His brother Johnny Tanner (né John Louis Tanner; 1924–2005) died of cancer on November 8, 2005. Jimmy Moore (aka Johnny; né James Edward Moore; 1926–2008), the last surviving member of The "5" Royales, died on August 16, 2008, at the Cedar Manor Nursing Home in Ossining, New York, after a long illness.

The "5" Royales were inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame in 2009.{{cite web|title=2009 Inductees|url=http://northcarolinamusichalloffame.org/category/inductees/2009-inductees/|publisher=North Carolina Music Hall of Fame|access-date=September 10, 2012}} They were nominated unsuccessfully for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002 and 2004; they were inducted in 2015 in the category Early Influence.

The legacy and influence of the "5" Royales was profiled on National Public Radio's Weekend Edition Sunday on August 14, 2011, in an interview with the guitarist Steve Cropper.[https://www.npr.org/2011/08/14/139586411/steve-cropper-an-old-pro-honors-his-unsung-idols] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815030101/http://www.npr.org/2011/08/14/139586411/steve-cropper-an-old-pro-honors-his-unsung-idols|date=August 15, 2011}} Cropper released the album Dedicated: A Salute to the 5 Royales in 2011.{{cite web|url=http://www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?pid=8525564|title=Steve Cropper – Dedicated: A Salute to the 5 Royales CD|publisher=Cduniverse.com|access-date=6 January 2015}}

In May 2015, compilation Soul & Swagger: The Complete "5" Royales 1951-1967{{cite web|author=Mark Deming |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/soul-swagger-the-complete-5-royales-1951-1967-mw0002612585 |title=Soul & Swagger: The Complete "5" Royales 1951-1967 - The "5" Royales | Songs, Reviews, Credits |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=2017-07-10}} won a Blues Music Award in the Historical category.{{cite web|url=http://www.americanbluesscene.com/2015/05/2015-blues-music-awards-winners/|title=2015 Blues Music Awards Winners|publisher=Americanbluesscene.com|access-date=2015-05-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519063558/http://www.americanbluesscene.com/2015/05/2015-blues-music-awards-winners/|archive-date=May 19, 2015|df=mdy-all}} Other posthumous compilations include Monkey Hips and Rice: The "5" Royales Anthology (1994),{{cite web|author=Stephen Thomas Erlewine|author-link=Stephen Thomas Erlewine|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/monkey-hips-and-rice-mw0000110196 |title=Monkey Hips and Rice: The "5" Royales Anthology - The "5" Royales | Songs, Reviews, Credits |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=2017-07-10}} The Apollo Sessions (1995),{{cite web|author=Bruce Eder |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-apollo-sessions-mw0000611845 |title=The Apollo Sessions - The "5" Royales | Songs, Reviews, Credits |publisher=AllMusic |date=1995-09-01 |access-date=2017-07-10}} It's Hard But It's Fair: King Hits and Rarities (2005){{cite web|author=Richie Unterberger|author-link=Richie Unterberger|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/its-hard-but-its-fair-king-hits-and-rarities-mw0000306416 |title=It's Hard But It's Fair: King Hits and Rarities - The "5" Royales | Songs, Reviews, Credits |publisher=AllMusic |date=2005-07-12 |access-date=2017-07-10}} and The Definitive "5" Royales: Home of the Blues & Beyond (2014).{{cite web|author=Steve Leggett |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-definitive-5-royales-home-of-the-blues-beyond-mw0002639599 |title=The Definitive "5" Royales: Home of the Blues & Beyond - The "5" Royales | Songs, Reviews, Credits |publisher=AllMusic |date=2014-05-20 |access-date=2017-07-10}}

{{Reflist|30em|refs=

[https://books.google.com/books?id=DykffzkFALoC&pg=PA308 Rock Obituaries: Knocking On Heaven's Door:] "Otto Jeffries," by Nick Talevski, Omnibus Press (2006), p. 308

[https://www.greensboro.com/s-crooner-tanner-singer-for-royales-dies/article_67fbd480-6168-580e-9fba-4e5895c257f6.html "1950s Crooner Tanner, Singer for 5 Royals, Dies – Blues singer Eugene Tanner Jr. of Winston-Salem died Thursday,"] by Linn Thomas, News & Record, December 30, 1994 (retrieved July 10, 2017)

[http://bigtakeover.com/news/death-of-a-soul-man-rip-johnny-tanner "Death of a Soul Man: R.I.P. Johnny Tanner,"] by Steve Holtje, The Big Takeover, December 16, 2005 (retrieved July 10, 2017)

[https://www.journalnow.com/news/local/royales-journey-that-started-in-winston-salem-finishes-in-rock/article_eeebe832-db16-11e4-ab7d-13803cd4a839.html {{nowrap|"{{space|1}}'5'}} Royales' Journey That Started in Winston-Salem Finishes in Rock and Roll Hall of Fame,"] by Lisa O'Donnell, Winston-Salem Journal, April 4, 2015

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• [http://www.45cat.com/artist/the-5-royales2 45cat discography]
• [http://www.lib.unc.edu/mss/inv/d/Doggett,J.Taylor.html J. Taylor Doggett Collection, Southern Folklife Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]
• [http://www.legacy.com/WinstonSalem/LegacySubPage2.asp?Page=LifeStory&PersonId=15655075 "5" Royales singer John Tanner dies November 8, 2005]
• [http://www.rockabilly.nl/references/messages/5_royales.htm "5" Royales Biography I]
• [http://www.history-of-rock.com/five_royales.htm "5" Royales Biography II]
• [https://www.npr.org/2011/08/14/139586411/steve-cropper-an-old-pro-honors-his-unsung-idols NPR interview with Steve Cropper, Sunday, 08/14/11].

{{2015 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame}}

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Category:Doo-wop groups

Category:American rhythm and blues musical groups

Category:King Records artists

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Category:North Carolina Heritage Award winners