voiced bilabial plosive

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨b⟩ in IPA}}

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol = b

| ipa number = 102

| decimal = 98

| xsampa = b

| braille = b

|above=|x-sampa=b}}

The voiced bilabial plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|b}}, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is b. The voiced bilabial stop occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letter {{angbr|b}} in obey {{IPA|[oʊˈbeɪ]}}.

Features

150px

Features of the voiced bilabial stop:

{{plosive}}

{{bilabial}}

{{voiced}}

{{oral}}

{{central–lateral}}

{{pulmonic}}

Varieties

class="wikitable"

! IPA !! Description

style="font-size:1.714em" |{{IPA|b}}plain b
style="font-size:1.714em" |{{IPA|bʷ}}labialised
style="font-size:1.714em" |{{IPA|b̜ʷ}}semi-labialised
style="font-size:1.714em" |{{IPA|b̹ʷ}}strongly labialised
style="font-size:1.714em" |{{IPA|bʲ}}palatalised
style="font-size:1.714em" |{{IPA|bʱ}}breathy voiced
style="font-size:1.714em" |{{IPA|bˠ}}velarised

Occurrence

class="wikitable"

|+ Occurrence of {{IPA|[b]}} in several languages

! colspan="2" scope="col" | Language

! scope="col" | Word

! scope="col" | IPA

! scope="col" | Meaning

! scope="col" | Notes

colspan="2" | Adyghe{{lang|kbd-Cyrl|бгъу}} / {{Transliteration|kbd|bġ°}}{{Audio-IPA|Ady-9.oga|[bʁʷə]}}'nine'
colspan="2" | Albanian{{lang|sq|bletë}}{{IPA|['bletə]}}'bee'
ArabicStandard{{Harvcoltxt|Thelwall|1990|p=37}}{{lang|ar|باب|rtl=yes}} / {{transliteration|ar|bāb}}{{IPA|[baːb]}}'door'See Arabic phonology
colspan="2" | Assyrian{{lang|syr|ܒܒܐ}} {{transliteration|syr|baba}}{{IPA|[baːba}}]'father'
ArmenianEastern{{Harvcoltxt|Dum-Tragut|2009|p=13}}{{lang|hy|բարի}}/{{transliteration|hy|bari}}{{Audio-IPA|bɑɾi.ogg |[bɑˈɾi]}}'kind'
colspan="2" | Basque{{lang|bas|bero}}{{IPA|[beɾo]}}'hot'
colspan="2" | Bengali{{lang|bn|লো}} / {{transliteration|bn|balo}}{{IPA|[bɔlo]}}'say!'Contrasts with aspirated form. See Bengali phonology
colspan="2" | Catalan{{Harvcoltxt|Carbonell|Llisterri|1992|p=53}}{{lang|ca|bell}}{{IPA|[ˈbeʎ]}}'beautiful'See Catalan phonology
colspan="2" | Chechen{{lang|ce-Cyrl|борз}} / {{lang|ce-Latn|borz}}{{IPA|[borz]}}'wolf'
colspan="2" | Czech{{lang|cs|bota}}{{IPA|[ˈbota]}}'boot'See Czech phonology
DanishStandard{{sfnp|Goblirsch|2018|pp=134–5|ps=, citing {{harvtxt|Fischer-Jørgensen|1952}} and {{harvtxt|Abrahams|1949|pp=116–21, 228–30}}.}}{{sfnp|Puggaard-Rode|Horslund|Jørgensen|2022}}{{lang|da|ber}}{{IPA|[ˈløːbɐ]}}'runner'Only partially voiced; possible allophone of {{IPA|/b/}} in the intervocalic position. More often voiceless {{IPAblink|p}}.{{sfnp|Goblirsch|2018|pp=134–5|ps=, citing {{harvtxt|Fischer-Jørgensen|1952}} and {{harvtxt|Abrahams|1949|pp=116–21, 228–30}}.}}{{sfnp|Puggaard-Rode|Horslund|Jørgensen|2022}} See Danish phonology
colspan="2" | Dutch{{Harvcoltxt|Gussenhoven|1992|p=45}}{{lang|nl|boer}}{{IPA|[buːr]}}'farmer'See Dutch phonology
colspan="2" | Englishaback{{Audio-IPA|en-us-aback.ogg|[əˈbæk]|help=no}}'aback'See English phonology
colspan="2" | Esperanto{{lang|eo|batalo}}{{IPA|[baˈtalo]}}'war'See Esperanto phonology
colspan="2" | Filipino{{lang|fil|buto}}{{IPA|[buto]}}'bone'
colspan="2" | French{{Harvcoltxt|Fougeron|Smith|1993|p=73}}{{lang|fr|boue}}{{IPA|[bu]}}'mud'See French phonology
colspan="2" | Georgian{{Harvcoltxt|Shosted|Chikovani|2006|p=255}}{{lang|ka|ავშვი}} / {{transliteration|ka|bavšvi}}{{IPA|[ˈbavʃvi]}}'child'
colspan="2" | German{{lang|de|aber}}{{Audio-IPA|De-aber.ogg|[ˈäːbɐ]|help=no}}'but'See Standard German phonology
colspan="2" | Greek{{lang|el|μπόχα}} / bócha{{IPA|[ˈbo̞xa]}}'reek'See Modern Greek phonology
colspan="2" | Gujarati{{lang|gu|ક્રી}} / {{transliteration|gu|bakri}}{{IPA|[bəkri]}}'goat'See Gujarati phonology
colspan="2" | Hebrew{{lang|he|בית|rtl=yes}} / {{transliteration|he|báyit}}{{IPA|[bajit]}}'house'See Modern Hebrew phonology
rowspan="2" | Hindustani

| Hindi

| {{lang|hi|बाल}} / {{transliteration|hi|bāl}}

| rowspan=2 | {{IPA|[bäːl]}}

| rowspan=2 | 'hair'

| rowspan=2 | Contrasts with aspirated version {{IPA|/bʱ/}}. See Hindi-Urdu phonology

Urdu

| {{lang|ur|بال|rtl=yes}} / {{transliteration|hu|bāl}}

colspan="2" | Hungarian{{lang|hu|baba}}{{IPA|[ˈbɒbɒ]}}'baby'See Hungarian phonology
colspan="2" | Italian{{Harvcoltxt|Rogers|d'Arcangeli|2004|p=117}}{{lang|it|bile}}{{IPA|[ˈbile]}}'rage'See Italian phonology
colspan="2" | Japanese{{Harvcoltxt|Okada|1999|p=117}}{{lang|ja-Hani|}} / {{lang|ja-Latn|ban}}{{IPA|[baɴ]}}'(one's) turn'See Japanese phonology
colspan="2" | Kabardian{{lang|kbd-Cyrl|бгъуы}}/bg"uy{{Audio-IPA|Ady-9.oga|[bʁʷə]}}'nine'
colspan="2" | Korean{{lang|ko|지붕}} / {{lang|ko-Latn|jibung}}{{IPA|[t͡ɕibuŋ]}}'roof'See Korean phonology
rowspan="3" |Kurdish

|Northern

|{{lang|ku|bav}}

|{{IPA|[bɑːv]}}

| rowspan="3" |'father'

| rowspan="3" |See Kurdish phonology

Central

|{{lang|ku|باوک}}/{{Transliteration|ku|bâwk}}

|{{IPA|[bɑːwk]}}

Southern

|{{lang|ku|باوگ}}/{{Transliteration|ku|bâwig}}

|{{IPA|[bɑːwɨg]}}

colspan="2" | Luxembourgish{{sfnp|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|pp=67–68}}{{lang|lb|geblosen}}{{IPA|[ɡ̊əˈbloːzən]}}'blown'More often voiceless {{IPAblink|p}}.{{sfnp|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|pp=67–68}} See Luxembourgish phonology
colspan="2" | Macedonian{{lang|mk|убав}}/{{lang|mk-latn|ubav}}{{IPA|[ˈubav]}}'beautiful'See Macedonian phonology
colspan="2" | Malay{{lang|ms|baru}}{{IPA|[bäru]}}'new'
colspan="2" | Maltese{{lang|ml|għatba}}{{IPA|[aːtˈba]}}'threshold'
colspan="2" | Marathi{{lang|mr|टाटा}} / {{Transliteration|mr|baṭāṭā}}{{IPA|[bəˈʈaːʈaː]}}'potato'See Marathi phonology
colspan="2" | Nepali{{lang|Ne|बाटो}} / {{Transliteration|ne|bāṭo}}{{IPA|[bäʈo]}}'path'See Nepali phonology
colspan="2" | Norwegian{{lang|no|bål}}{{IPA|[ˈbɔːl]}}'bonfire'See Norwegian phonology
colspan="2" | Odia{{lang|or|ବା}}/{{Transliteration|or|barô}}{{IPA|[bärɔ]}}'twelve'Contrasts with aspirated form.
colspan="2" | Persian{{lang|fa|خوب|rtl=yes}}/ xub{{IPA|[xub]}}'good'See Persian phonology
colspan="2" | Pirahã{{lang|myp-Latn|pibaóí}}{{IPA|[ˈpìbàóí̯]}}'parent'
colspan="2" | Polish{{Harvcoltxt|Jassem|2003|p=103}}{{lang|pl|bas}}{{Audio-IPA|Pl-bas.ogg|[bäs]}}'bass'See Polish phonology
colspan="2" | Portuguese{{Harvcoltxt|Cruz-Ferreira|1995|p=91}}{{lang|pt|bato}}{{IPA|[ˈbatu]}}'I strike'See Portuguese phonology
colspan="2" | Punjabi{{lang|pa|ਬਿੱਲੀ}}/{{Transliteration|pa|billī}}{{IPA|[bɪlːi]}}'cat'
colspan="2" | RomanianDEX Online : [http://dexonline.ro/search.php?cuv=b]{{lang|ro|bou}}{{IPA|[bow]}}'bull'See Romanian phonology.
colspan="2" | Russian{{Harvcoltxt|Padgett|2003|p=42}}{{lang|ru|рыба}} / {{transliteration|ru|ryba}}{{IPA|[ˈrɨbə]}}'fish'Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology
colspan=2| Serbo-Croatian{{sfnp|Landau|Lončarić|Horga|Škarić|1999|p=66}}{{lang|sh-Cyrl|биће}} / {{lang|sh-Latn|biće}}{{IPA|[bǐːt͡ɕě]}}'being'See Serbo-Croatian phonology
colspan="2" | Slovak{{lang|sk|b}}{{IPA|[bi̞c]}}'to be'
colspan="2" |Slovene

|{{lang|sl|biti|italic=yes}}

|{{IPA|[ˈbìːt̪í]}}

|'to be'

|

colspan="2" |Southern Min

|{{lang|nan|}} / {{transliteration|nan|ban}}

|{{IPA|[ban]}}

|'Fujian province'

|Only in colloquial speech.

colspan="2" | Spanish{{Harvcoltxt|Martínez-Celdrán|Fernández-Planas|Carrera-Sabaté|2003|p=255}}{{lang|es|invertir}}{{IPA|[ĩmbe̞ɾˈt̪iɾ]}}'to invest'See Spanish phonology
colspan="2" | Swedish{{lang|sv|bra}}{{IPA|[ˈbɾɑː]}}'good'May be an approximant in casual speech. See Swedish phonology
colspan="2" | Telugu{{lang|te|డి}}{{IPA| [badi]}}'school'Contrasts with aspirated form. Aspirated form is articulated as breathy consonant.
colspan="2" |Thai

| {{Lang|th|ัด}} / {{transliteration|th|bam-bàt}}

| {{IPA|[bam.bat̚]}}

| 'therapy'

| See Thai phonology

colspan="2" | Turkish{{lang|tr|bulut}}{{IPA|[ˈbuɫut̪]}}'cloud'See Turkish phonology
colspan="2"| Tyap{{lang|kcg|bai|italic=yes}}{{IPA|[bai]}}'to come'
colspan="2" | Ukrainian{{sfnp|Danyenko|Vakulenko|1995|p=4}}{{lang|uk|брат}} / {{transliteration|uk|brat}}{{IPA|[brɑt̪]}}'brother'See Ukrainian phonology
colspan="2" |Welsh

| {{lang|cy|mab}}

| {{IPA|[mɑːb]}}

| 'son'

| See Welsh phonology

colspan="2" | West Frisian{{lang|fy|bak}}{{IPA|[bak]}}'tray'
colspan="2" |Wu

|{{lang|wuu|}} / {{transliteration|wuu|bi}}

|{{IPA|[bi]}}

|'skin'

|

colspan="2" |Xiang

|{{lang|hsn|}} / {{transliteration|hsn|baw}}

|{{IPA|[bau]}}

|'to float'

|

colspan="2" | Yi{{lang|ii|}} / {{lang|ii-Latn|bbo}}{{IPA|[bo˧]}}'mountain'
ZapotecTilquiapan{{Harvcoltxt|Merrill|2008|p=108}}{{lang|zts|bald}}{{IPA|[bald]}}'few'

See also

Notes

{{reflist}}

References

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