voiced bilabial plosive
{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨b⟩ in IPA}}
{{Infobox IPA
|ipa symbol = b
| ipa number = 102
| decimal = 98
| xsampa = b
| braille = b
|above=|x-sampa=b}}
The voiced bilabial plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|b}}, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is b
. The voiced bilabial stop occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letter {{angbr|b}} in obey {{IPA|[oʊˈbeɪ]}}.
Features
Features of the voiced bilabial stop:
{{plosive}}
{{bilabial}}
{{voiced}}
{{oral}}
{{central–lateral}}
{{pulmonic}}
Varieties
class="wikitable"
! IPA !! Description | |
style="font-size:1.714em" |{{IPA|b}} | plain b |
style="font-size:1.714em" |{{IPA|bʷ}} | labialised |
style="font-size:1.714em" |{{IPA|b̜ʷ}} | semi-labialised |
style="font-size:1.714em" |{{IPA|b̹ʷ}} | strongly labialised |
style="font-size:1.714em" |{{IPA|bʲ}} | palatalised |
style="font-size:1.714em" |{{IPA|bʱ}} | breathy voiced |
style="font-size:1.714em" |{{IPA|bˠ}} | velarised |
Occurrence
class="wikitable"
|+ Occurrence of {{IPA|[b]}} in several languages ! colspan="2" scope="col" | Language ! scope="col" | Word ! scope="col" | IPA ! scope="col" | Meaning ! scope="col" | Notes | |||||
colspan="2" | Adyghe | {{lang|kbd-Cyrl|бгъу}} / {{Transliteration|kbd|bġ°}} | {{Audio-IPA|Ady-9.oga|[bʁʷə]}} | 'nine' | ||
colspan="2" | Albanian | {{lang|sq|bletë}} | {{IPA|['bletə]}} | 'bee' | ||
Arabic | Standard{{Harvcoltxt|Thelwall|1990|p=37}} | {{lang|ar|باب|rtl=yes}} / {{transliteration|ar|bāb}} | {{IPA|[baːb]}} | 'door' | See Arabic phonology |
colspan="2" | Assyrian | {{lang|syr|ܒܒܐ}} {{transliteration|syr|baba}} | {{IPA|[baːba}}] | 'father' | ||
Armenian | Eastern{{Harvcoltxt|Dum-Tragut|2009|p=13}} | {{lang|hy|բարի}}/{{transliteration|hy|bari}} | {{Audio-IPA|bɑɾi.ogg |[bɑˈɾi]}} | 'kind' | |
colspan="2" | Basque | {{lang|bas|bero}} | {{IPA|[beɾo]}} | 'hot' | ||
colspan="2" | Bengali | {{lang|bn|বলো}} / {{transliteration|bn|balo}} | {{IPA|[bɔlo]}} | 'say!' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Bengali phonology | |
colspan="2" | Catalan{{Harvcoltxt|Carbonell|Llisterri|1992|p=53}} | {{lang|ca|bell}} | {{IPA|[ˈbeʎ]}} | 'beautiful' | See Catalan phonology | |
colspan="2" | Chechen | {{lang|ce-Cyrl|борз}} / {{lang|ce-Latn|borz}} | {{IPA|[borz]}} | 'wolf' | ||
colspan="2" | Czech | {{lang|cs|bota}} | {{IPA|[ˈbota]}} | 'boot' | See Czech phonology | |
Danish | Standard{{sfnp|Goblirsch|2018|pp=134–5|ps=, citing {{harvtxt|Fischer-Jørgensen|1952}} and {{harvtxt|Abrahams|1949|pp=116–21, 228–30}}.}}{{sfnp|Puggaard-Rode|Horslund|Jørgensen|2022}} | {{lang|da|løber}} | {{IPA|[ˈløːbɐ]}} | 'runner' | Only partially voiced; possible allophone of {{IPA|/b/}} in the intervocalic position. More often voiceless {{IPAblink|p}}.{{sfnp|Goblirsch|2018|pp=134–5|ps=, citing {{harvtxt|Fischer-Jørgensen|1952}} and {{harvtxt|Abrahams|1949|pp=116–21, 228–30}}.}}{{sfnp|Puggaard-Rode|Horslund|Jørgensen|2022}} See Danish phonology |
colspan="2" | Dutch{{Harvcoltxt|Gussenhoven|1992|p=45}} | {{lang|nl|boer}} | {{IPA|[buːr]}} | 'farmer' | See Dutch phonology | |
colspan="2" | English | aback | {{Audio-IPA|en-us-aback.ogg|[əˈbæk]|help=no}} | 'aback' | See English phonology | |
colspan="2" | Esperanto | {{lang|eo|batalo}} | {{IPA|[baˈtalo]}} | 'war' | See Esperanto phonology | |
colspan="2" | Filipino | {{lang|fil|buto}} | {{IPA|[buto]}} | 'bone' | ||
colspan="2" | French{{Harvcoltxt|Fougeron|Smith|1993|p=73}} | {{lang|fr|boue}} | {{IPA|[bu]}} | 'mud' | See French phonology | |
colspan="2" | Georgian{{Harvcoltxt|Shosted|Chikovani|2006|p=255}} | {{lang|ka|ბავშვი}} / {{transliteration|ka|bavšvi}} | {{IPA|[ˈbavʃvi]}} | 'child' | ||
colspan="2" | German | {{lang|de|aber}} | {{Audio-IPA|De-aber.ogg|[ˈäːbɐ]|help=no}} | 'but' | See Standard German phonology | |
colspan="2" | Greek | {{lang|el|μπόχα}} / bócha | {{IPA|[ˈbo̞xa]}} | 'reek' | See Modern Greek phonology | |
colspan="2" | Gujarati | {{lang|gu|બક્રી}} / {{transliteration|gu|bakri}} | {{IPA|[bəkri]}} | 'goat' | See Gujarati phonology | |
colspan="2" | Hebrew | {{lang|he|בית|rtl=yes}} / {{transliteration|he|báyit}} | {{IPA|[bajit]}} | 'house' | See Modern Hebrew phonology | |
rowspan="2" | Hindustani
| Hindi | {{lang|hi|बाल}} / {{transliteration|hi|bāl}} | rowspan=2 | {{IPA|[bäːl]}} | rowspan=2 | 'hair' | rowspan=2 | Contrasts with aspirated version {{IPA|/bʱ/}}. See Hindi-Urdu phonology | |||||
Urdu
| {{lang|ur|بال|rtl=yes}} / {{transliteration|hu|bāl}} | |||||
colspan="2" | Hungarian | {{lang|hu|baba}} | {{IPA|[ˈbɒbɒ]}} | 'baby' | See Hungarian phonology | |
colspan="2" | Italian{{Harvcoltxt|Rogers|d'Arcangeli|2004|p=117}} | {{lang|it|bile}} | {{IPA|[ˈbile]}} | 'rage' | See Italian phonology | |
colspan="2" | Japanese{{Harvcoltxt|Okada|1999|p=117}} | {{lang|ja-Hani|番}} / {{lang|ja-Latn|ban}} | {{IPA|[baɴ]}} | '(one's) turn' | See Japanese phonology | |
colspan="2" | Kabardian | {{lang|kbd-Cyrl|бгъуы}}/bg"uy | {{Audio-IPA|Ady-9.oga|[bʁʷə]}} | 'nine' | ||
colspan="2" | Korean | {{lang|ko|지붕}} / {{lang|ko-Latn|jibung}} | {{IPA|[t͡ɕibuŋ]}} | 'roof' | See Korean phonology | |
rowspan="3" |Kurdish
|{{lang|ku|bav}} |{{IPA|[bɑːv]}} | rowspan="3" |'father' | rowspan="3" |See Kurdish phonology | |||||
Central
|{{lang|ku|باوک}}/{{Transliteration|ku|bâwk}} |{{IPA|[bɑːwk]}} | |||||
Southern
|{{lang|ku|باوگ}}/{{Transliteration|ku|bâwig}} |{{IPA|[bɑːwɨg]}} | |||||
colspan="2" | Luxembourgish{{sfnp|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|pp=67–68}} | {{lang|lb|geblosen}} | {{IPA|[ɡ̊əˈbloːzən]}} | 'blown' | More often voiceless {{IPAblink|p}}.{{sfnp|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|pp=67–68}} See Luxembourgish phonology | |
colspan="2" | Macedonian | {{lang|mk|убав}}/{{lang|mk-latn|ubav}} | {{IPA|[ˈubav]}} | 'beautiful' | See Macedonian phonology | |
colspan="2" | Malay | {{lang|ms|baru}} | {{IPA|[bäru]}} | 'new' | ||
colspan="2" | Maltese | {{lang|ml|għatba}} | {{IPA|[aːtˈba]}} | 'threshold' | ||
colspan="2" | Marathi | {{lang|mr|बटाटा}} / {{Transliteration|mr|baṭāṭā}} | {{IPA|[bəˈʈaːʈaː]}} | 'potato' | See Marathi phonology | |
colspan="2" | Nepali | {{lang|Ne|बाटो}} / {{Transliteration|ne|bāṭo}} | {{IPA|[bäʈo]}} | 'path' | See Nepali phonology | |
colspan="2" | Norwegian | {{lang|no|bål}} | {{IPA|[ˈbɔːl]}} | 'bonfire' | See Norwegian phonology | |
colspan="2" | Odia | {{lang|or|ବାର}}/{{Transliteration|or|barô}} | {{IPA|[bärɔ]}} | 'twelve' | Contrasts with aspirated form. | |
colspan="2" | Persian | {{lang|fa|خوب|rtl=yes}}/ xub | {{IPA|[xub]}} | 'good' | See Persian phonology | |
colspan="2" | Pirahã | {{lang|myp-Latn|pibaóí}} | {{IPA|[ˈpìbàóí̯]}} | 'parent' | ||
colspan="2" | Polish{{Harvcoltxt|Jassem|2003|p=103}} | {{lang|pl|bas}} | {{Audio-IPA|Pl-bas.ogg|[bäs]}} | 'bass' | See Polish phonology | |
colspan="2" | Portuguese{{Harvcoltxt|Cruz-Ferreira|1995|p=91}} | {{lang|pt|bato}} | {{IPA|[ˈbatu]}} | 'I strike' | See Portuguese phonology | |
colspan="2" | Punjabi | {{lang|pa|ਬਿੱਲੀ}}/{{Transliteration|pa|billī}} | {{IPA|[bɪlːi]}} | 'cat' | ||
colspan="2" | RomanianDEX Online : [http://dexonline.ro/search.php?cuv=b] | {{lang|ro|bou}} | {{IPA|[bow]}} | 'bull' | See Romanian phonology. | |
colspan="2" | Russian{{Harvcoltxt|Padgett|2003|p=42}} | {{lang|ru|рыба}} / {{transliteration|ru|ryba}} | {{IPA|[ˈrɨbə]}} | 'fish' | Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology | |
colspan=2| Serbo-Croatian{{sfnp|Landau|Lončarić|Horga|Škarić|1999|p=66}} | {{lang|sh-Cyrl|биће}} / {{lang|sh-Latn|biće}} | {{IPA|[bǐːt͡ɕě]}} | 'being' | See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
colspan="2" | Slovak | {{lang|sk|byť}} | {{IPA|[bi̞c]}} | 'to be' | ||
colspan="2" |Slovene
|{{lang|sl|biti|italic=yes}} |{{IPA|[ˈbìːt̪í]}} |'to be' | | |||||
colspan="2" |Southern Min
|{{lang|nan|閩}} / {{transliteration|nan|ban}} |{{IPA|[ban]}} |Only in colloquial speech. | |||||
colspan="2" | Spanish{{Harvcoltxt|Martínez-Celdrán|Fernández-Planas|Carrera-Sabaté|2003|p=255}} | {{lang|es|invertir}} | {{IPA|[ĩmbe̞ɾˈt̪iɾ]}} | 'to invest' | See Spanish phonology | |
colspan="2" | Swedish | {{lang|sv|bra}} | {{IPA|[ˈbɾɑː]}} | 'good' | May be an approximant in casual speech. See Swedish phonology | |
colspan="2" | Telugu | {{lang|te|బడి}} | {{IPA| [badi]}} | 'school' | Contrasts with aspirated form. Aspirated form is articulated as breathy consonant. | |
colspan="2" |Thai
| {{Lang|th|บำบัด}} / {{transliteration|th|bam-bàt}} | {{IPA|[bam.bat̚]}} | 'therapy' | See Thai phonology | |||||
colspan="2" | Turkish | {{lang|tr|bulut}} | {{IPA|[ˈbuɫut̪]}} | 'cloud' | See Turkish phonology | |
colspan="2"| Tyap | {{lang|kcg|bai|italic=yes}} | {{IPA|[bai]}} | 'to come' | ||
colspan="2" | Ukrainian{{sfnp|Danyenko|Vakulenko|1995|p=4}} | {{lang|uk|брат}} / {{transliteration|uk|brat}} | {{IPA|[brɑt̪]}} | 'brother' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
colspan="2" |Welsh
| {{lang|cy|mab}} | {{IPA|[mɑːb]}} | 'son' | See Welsh phonology | |||||
colspan="2" | West Frisian | {{lang|fy|bak}} | {{IPA|[bak]}} | 'tray' | ||
colspan="2" |Wu
|{{lang|wuu|皮}} / {{transliteration|wuu|bi}} |{{IPA|[bi]}} |'skin' | | |||||
colspan="2" |Xiang
|{{lang|hsn|浮}} / {{transliteration|hsn|baw}} |{{IPA|[bau]}} |'to float' | | |||||
colspan="2" | Yi | {{lang|ii|ꁧ}} / {{lang|ii-Latn|bbo}} | {{IPA|[bo˧]}} | 'mountain' | ||
Zapotec | Tilquiapan{{Harvcoltxt|Merrill|2008|p=108}} | {{lang|zts|bald}} | {{IPA|[bald]}} | 'few' |
See also
Notes
{{reflist}}
References
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External links
- {{phoible|b}}
{{IPA navigation}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Voiced Bilabial stop}}