wipro

The company was incorporated on 29 December 1945 in Amalner by MH Hasham Premji as Western India Vegetable Products Limited, a manufacturer of cooking oils.{{cite web|url=http://www.wipro.com/about-Wipro/|title=About Wipro|website=wipro.com|access-date=22 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922040551/http://www.wipro.com/about-Wipro/|archive-date=22 September 2017|url-status=live}} In 1966, after Hasham Premji's death, his son Azim Premji took over as chairperson at age 21.

The company changed its name to Wipro Products Limited in 1977, followed by Wipro Limited, a syllabic abbreviation of the original name, in 1982.

In the 1980s, recognizing opportunities in computer hardware and software, the company established subsidiaries Wipro Infotech and Wipro Systems. In 1981, Wipro developed the first Indian minicomputer based on the Intel 8086 chip in an IISc lab.{{cite news |title=Wipro's early years |url=https://in.rediff.com/money/2006/jul/20sld1.htm |access-date=16 July 2024 |work=Rediff |date=20 July 2006}}{{cite news |title=Indian IT's pioneering pivot |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/startups/people/indian-its-pioneering-pivot/articleshow/99356730.cms |access-date=16 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=9 April 2023}} The software division began in 1984 with the development of a spreadsheet and word-processing suite but shifted to offshore software development in 1990.{{cite news |title=Wipro: From vanaspati to IT leader |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/wipro-from-vanaspati-to-it-leader/articleshow/620317.cms |access-date=16 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=16 April 2004}}

By the mid-1990s, Wipro had become one of India's leading manufacturers of personal computers, peripherals, and medical diagnostic equipment.{{cite news |title=The PC in India The Desktop Story |url=https://www.dqindia.com/the-pc-in-india-the-desktop-story/ |access-date=16 July 2024 |work=Dataquest |language=en}} In 1998, the company reported being the second-largest software exporter from India,{{cite news |title=Scaling New Highs |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/scaling-new-highs-198081701012_1.html |access-date=17 July 2024 |work=Business Standard |date=17 August 1998}} and gradually increased its focus on the higher-margin software services business which accounted for the vast majority of its profits.{{cite news |title=Wipro software exports increase 49 per cent |url=https://www.rediff.com/computer/1998/jun/01wipro.htm |access-date=17 July 2024 |work=Rediff}}

During the dot-com boom of the early 2000s, Wipro became the largest company in India by market capitalization, reaching a value three times that of the next largest listed company, Infosys. Consequently, Wipro's majority shareholder Azim Premji was the richest Indian for five consecutive years.{{cite news |title=Wipro becomes most valuable Indian company, Azim Premji the richest Indian ever |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20000306-wipro-becomes-most-valuable-indian-company-azim-premji-the-richest-indian-ever-777179-2000-03-05 |access-date=16 July 2024 |work=India Today |date=6 March 2000 |language=en}}{{cite news |title=India's $30 Billion Man |url=https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2000/0320/6507144a.html |access-date=16 July 2024 |work=Forbes |language=en}}

In 2004, Wipro became the second listed Indian IT company to report annual revenues exceeding US$1 billion.{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/wipro-joins-billion-dollar-club/104100/|title = Wipro Joins Billion Dollar Club|date = 17 April 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421110405/https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/wipro-joins-billion-dollar-club/104100/|archive-date=21 April 2022}} By 2006, approximately 30% of its total revenue came from product engineering R&D services.{{cite news |title=Wipro plans further expansion in Chennai |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/wipro-plans-further-expansion-in-chennai-107013101030_1.html |access-date=4 August 2024 |work=Business Standard| date=31 January 2007}}

In 2007, Wipro introduced a line of supercomputers known as Wipro Supernova.{{cite news |title=Wipro Infotech launches supercomputers |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/software/wipro-infotech-launches-supercomputers/articleshow/2362912.cms |access-date=19 July 2024 |work=The Economic Times |date=12 September 2007}} In 2011, Wipro, in collaboration with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), developed India's then-fastest supercomputer, SAGA-220, which was deployed at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre.{{cite news |last1=Chari |first1=Sridhar K. |title=Wipro building India's fastest supercomputer for space agency |url=https://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/opoGlRmGLYhOquHEFd6gDO/Wipro-building-India8217s-fastest-supercomputer-for-space.html |access-date=19 July 2024 |work=Mint |date=3 January 2011}}{{cite news |title=Isro stakes claim to India's fastest supercomputer |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/isro-stakes-claim-to-india-s-fastest-supercomputer-111050300042_1.html |access-date=19 July 2024 |work=Business Standard|date=3 May 2011}}

In 2012, Wipro demerged its non-IT businesses into a new private company named Wipro Enterprises. Prior to this demerger, these businesses—primarily in consumer care, lighting, furniture, hydraulics, water treatment, and medical diagnostics—accounted for about 14% of Wipro's total revenues.{{cite news |title=Wipro gets shareholders nod for demerger |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/wipro-gets-shareholders-nod-for-demerger-112122900015_1.html |access-date=19 July 2024 |work=Business Standard|date=29 December 2012}}

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Wipro operates in over 60 countries and serves clients in industries such as financial services, healthcare, manufacturing, retail, and telecommunications. Major services provided by Wipro are:

• IT services such as software development, system integration, and IT consulting.{{Cite web |title=Wipro Limited (WIPRO.NS) Company Profile & Facts - Yahoo Finance |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/WIPRO.NS/profile/ |access-date=20 August 2024 |website=Yahoo.com}}
• Business process services including customer service, finance and accounting, and human resources.{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/wipro-business-process-management-services-unit-hits-2020-target-of-1-billion/articleshow/61715911.cms?from=mdr|title=BPS industry in India: Wipro business process management unit close to hitting 2020 target of $1 billion - The Economic Times|newspaper=Economic Times |date=20 November 2017}}
• Consulting involves advising companies on business strategies, technology solutions, and organizational improvements.{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/wipro-restructures-to-create-4-business-lines/articleshow/98289497.cms|title=Wipro: Wipro Restructures To Create 4 Business Lines - Bengaluru News|newspaper=Times of India|date=28 February 2023}}
• Engineering services including product development, research and development, and technical support.{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/hcl-tcs-wipro-top-global-engg-services-cos-in-22/articleshow/103648698.cms|title=Wipro: Hcl, Tcs, Wipro Top Global Engg Services Cos In '22 - Bengaluru News |newspaper=Times of India|date=14 September 2023}}
• Cloud services such as cloud migration, management, and infrastructure services.{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/wipro-expands-partnership-with-google-cloud-to-adopt-ai-tech-gemini-124081201461_1.html| title=Wipro Google Cloud partnership: Wipro expands partnership with Google Cloud to adopt AI tech Gemini|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=12 August 2024}}{{Cite news| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/information-tech/new-model-to-sharpen-wipros-cloud-focus/articleshow/98315436.cms?from=mdr|title=New model to sharpen Wipro's cloud focus|newspaper=Economic Times India|date=1 March 2023}}

File:Wipro-logo-edited.png

Wipro's equity shares have been listed on Bombay Stock Exchange since 1946 and the National Stock Exchange of India where it is a constituent of the NIFTY 50. The American Depositary Shares of the company are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) since October 2000.{{cite news |title=Wipro IPO rises 19 percent |url=https://money.cnn.com/2000/10/19/deals/wipro_ipo/ |access-date=4 August 2024 |work=CNN Money| date=19 October 2000}}

As of March 2024, the promoter group headed by Azim Premji held a 72.88% stake in the company, while the remaining shares were with public shareholders and an employee trust.{{cite news |title=Shareholding Pattern 2023 |url=https://www.wipro.com/content/dam/nexus/en/investor/shareholding-pattern/2023/september-30-2023.pdf |access-date=12 January 2024 |work=Wipro}}

As of 31 March 2024, Wipro had 234,054 employees, out of which 36.6% were women.{{Cite web |title=integrated-annual-report-2023-24.pdf |url=https://www.wipro.com/content/dam/nexus/en/investor/annual-reports/2023-2024/integrated-annual-report-2023-24.pdf|access-date=20 August 2024|website=www.wipro.com}}

List of CEOs since 1981:{{cite news |title=Changes stir hopes of stability at Wipro |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/changes-stir-hopes-of-stability-at-wipro-115040701191_1.html |access-date=16 July 2024 |work=Business Standard |date=7 April 2015}}

• Wipro, as a member of the Electronic City Industries Association, partly funded the construction of the 9-km Electronic City Elevated Expressway in Bangalore which opened in 2010.{{cite news |title=Infy, Wipro to part-fund Bangalore expressway |url=https://www.rediff.com/money/report/bangalore/20040928.htm |access-date=18 July 2024 |work=Rediff |language=en}}

• Wipro has been the title sponsor of the San Francisco Marathon,{{cite news |title=Wipro to be title sponsor of San Francisco Marathon |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/wipro-to-be-title-sponsor-of-san-francisco-marathon-112041800134_1.html |access-date=18 July 2024 |work=Business Standard|date=18 April 2012}} Chennai Marathon,{{cite news |last1=Connolly |first1=Eoin |title=Wipro to title sponsor first ever Chennai Marathon |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/wipro_to_title_sponsor_first_ever_chennai_marathon/ |access-date=18 July 2024 |work=SportsPro |date=18 September 2012}} and Bengaluru Marathon at different times.{{cite news |title=Wipro's fitness push: Tech giant all set to sponsor Bengaluru Marathon |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/wipros-fitness-push-tech-giant-all-set-to-sponsor-bengaluru-marathon-10656391.html |access-date=18 July 2024 |work=Moneycontrol|date=25 May 2023}}

In February 2023, Wipro faced criticism for reducing the annual salary package of new hires by 50%. This decision affected around 4,000 new hires, leading to backlash from employee unions like NITES, which called the move unfair and lacking transparency. Wipro stated that the revised offer was due to changing business needs and provided an immediate opportunity for candidates to start their careers.{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/wipro-cuts-salary-offers-to-freshers-by-almost-50-sparks-criticism-3802978|title="Unjust, Unacceptable": Anger After Wipro Cuts Salary Offers To Freshers|website=NDTV|access-date=20 August 2024}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-64728508|title=Wipro: Pay cut shock for new hires at India IT giant|website=BBC|access-date=20 August 2024}}

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite web|work=The Financial Express |title=Wipro acquires 45 per cent of Wipro Net from KPN Telecom |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/old/fe/daily/20001221/fex21078.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522040818/http://www.financialexpress.com/old/fe/daily/20001221/fex21078.html |archive-date=22 May 2013 }}

{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/photos/business/wipro-from-a-vegetable-oil-maker-to-an-it-major-14100 |title=Wipro: From a vegetable oil maker to an IT major |publisher=NDTV Profit |access-date=15 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017190802/http://www.ndtv.com/photos/business/wipro-from-a-vegetable-oil-maker-to-an-it-major-14100 |archive-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live }}

{{cite web | title = Wipro hives off non-IT business into separate company | url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-11-01/news/34857892_1_equity-shares-demerger-scheme-demerger-plan | work = The Economic Times | date = 1 November 2012 | access-date = 15 November 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131105091908/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-11-01/news/34857892_1_equity-shares-demerger-scheme-demerger-plan | archive-date = 5 November 2013 | url-status=dead }}

{{cite web | title = Company History of Wipro | url = http://www.moneycontrol.com/company-facts/wipro/history/W | publisher = Money Control | access-date = 15 November 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131113082014/http://www.moneycontrol.com/company-facts/wipro/history/W | archive-date = 13 November 2013 | url-status=live }}

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