:Cell Broadcast

Cell Broadcast messaging was first demonstrated in Paris in 1997. Some mobile operators used Cell Broadcast for communicating the area code of the antenna cell to the mobile user (via channel 050), for nationwide or citywide alerting, weather reports, mass messaging, location-based news, etc. Cell broadcast has been widely deployed since 2008 by major Asian, US, Canadian, South American and European network operators. Not all operators have the Cell Broadcast messaging function activated in their network yet, but most of the currently used handsets support cell broadcast, however on many devices it is disabled by default and there isn't a standardised interface to enable the feature.

One Cell Broadcast message can reach a large number of telephones at once. Cell Broadcast messages are directed to specific radio cells of a mobile phone network, rather than to a specific telephone.{{cite web |url=https://www.5gamericas.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Public_Warning_Systems_Americas_WhitePaper___Final_for_distribution.pdf |title=5G Americas White Paper Public Warning Systems in the Americas |date=July 2018 |website= www.5gamericas.org |publisher=5G Americas |access-date= |quote=}} The latest generation of Cell Broadcast Systems (CBS) can send to the whole mobile network (e.g. 1,000,000 cells) in less than 10 seconds, reaching millions of mobile subscribers at the same time. A Cell Broadcast message is an unconfirmed push service, meaning that the originators of the messages do not know who has received the message, allowing for services based on anonymity. Cell Broadcast is compliant with the latest EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) as mobile phone numbers are not required by CB. The originator (alerting authority) of the Cell Broadcast message can request the success rate of a message. In such a case the Cell Broadcast System will respond with the number of addressed cells and the number of cells that have broadcast the Cell Broadcast (alert) message.

Each radio cell covers a certain geographic area, typically a few kilometers in diameter, so by only sending the Cell Broadcast message to specific radio cells, the broadcast can be limited to a specific area (geotargeting). This is useful for messages that are only relevant in a specific area, such as flood warnings.

The CB message parameters contain the broadcasting schedule. If the start-time is left open, the CBC system will assume an immediate start, which will be the case for Public Warning messages. If the end-time is left open, the message will be repeated indefinitely. A subsequent cancel message shall be used to stop this message. The repetition rate can be set between 2 seconds and to values beyond 30 minutes. Each repeated CB message will have the same message identifier (indicating the source of the message), and the same serial number. Using this information, the mobile telephone is able to identify and ignore broadcasts of already received messages.

A Cell Broadcast message page is composed of 82 octets, which, using the default character set, can encode 93 characters. Up to 15 of these pages may be concatenated to form a Cell Broadcast message (hence maximum length of one Cell Broadcast message is therefore 1395 characters).

A Cell Broadcast Centre (CBC), a system which is the source of SMS-CB message, is connected to a Base Station Controller (BSC) in GSM networks, to a Radio Network Controller (RNC) in UMTS networks, to a Mobility Management Entity (MME) in LTE (telecommunication) networks or to a core Access and Mobility management Function (AMF) in 5G networks.

The technical implementation of the Cell Broadcast service is described in the 3GPP specification TS 23.041{{cite web |title=Specification # 23.041 |url=https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=748 |website=portal.3gpp.org |access-date=6 December 2021}}

• The 2G-CBC (BSC) interface is described in 3GPP standard TS 48.049; however, non-standard implementations exist.
• The 3G-CBC (RNC) interface is described in 3GPP standard TS 25.419.
• The 4G-CBC (MME) interface is described in 3GPP standard TS 29.168.
• The 5G-CBC (AMF) interface is described in 3GPP standard TS 29.518.

A CBC sends CB messages, a list of cells where messages are to be broadcast, and the requested repetition rate and number of times they shall be broadcast to the BSC/RNC/MME/AMF. The BSC's/RNC's/MME/AMF responsibility is to deliver the CB messages to the base stations (BTSs), Node Bs, ENodeBs and gNodeBs which handle the requested cells.

Cell Broadcast is not affected by traffic load; therefore, it is very suitable during a disaster when load spikes of data (social media and mobile apps), regular SMS and voice calls usage (mass call events) tend to significantly congest mobile networks, as multiple events have shown.

Public Warning Systems, otherwise known as Emergency Alert Systems, implemented through Cell Broadcast technology vary by country, but are broadly the same. Technical standards are outlined in the 3GPP TS 23.041 standard. Large implementations mentioned in 3GPP standards are Wireless Emergency Alerts (CMAS) in the United States and EU-Alert in Europe (set out in ETSI standards, but national implementation varies). Alerts can be geo-targeted, when only phones in a defined geographical area are set to receive an alert.{{Cite web |title=Specification #: 23.041 |url=https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=748 |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=portal.3gpp.org}} When an alert is received, a notification is shown in a unique format and a dedicated sound is played even if the phone is set to silent: a {{Audio|Cell Broadcast Alert Tone.oga|two-tone attention sound}} of 853 Hz and 960 Hz sine waves, as prescribed by both WEA (CMAS) and ETSI standards.{{cite web |title=Technical specification ETSI TS 102 900 V1.3.1 |url=https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/102900_102999/102900/01.03.01_60/ts_102900v010301p.pdf |access-date=1 February 2019 |work=ETSI EMTEL}} Cell Broadcast emergency alerts can be broadcast in a local language and an additional language, which will be displayed depending on the user's device language setting.{{Cite web |last=Standards |first=European |title=ETSI TS 102 900 V1.1.1 |url=https://www.en-standard.eu/etsi-ts-102-900-v1-1-1-emergency-communications-emtel-european-public-warning-system-eu-alert-using-the-cell-broadcast-service/?srsltid=AfmBOorDLggXDQNLepxgHRM1y02QeOYBmjv1TQxtzl7f8uN3TIdWlgmj |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=www.en-standard.eu |language=en}} Most phone manufacturers adhere to these standards but have slightly different user interfaces.{{cite web |date=2021-11-16 |title=How to Disable Amber Alerts |url=https://www.alphr.com/disable-amber-alerts/ |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=Alphr.com}} Similar to emergency calls, devices do not usually need a SIM card to receive alerts.{{Cite web |date=2024-09-16 |title=Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) {{!}} Federal Communications Commission |url=https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/wireless-emergency-alerts-wea |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=www.fcc.gov |language=en}}

File:National Weather Service Emergency Alert on an iPhone - Tornado Warning.jpg, sent using Cell Broadcast by the US National Weather Service. ]]

Emergency Alerts in most implementations of Cell Broadcast have distinct alert categories or levels, using a message identifier outlined in 3GPP standards. The alert category or level is defined by the severity of the warning, e.g. threat to life, imminent danger or advisory message. Depending on national implementation, users may be able to opt-out of receiving lower level alerts. However, the highest level of alert will usually always be displayed on a user's device.{{Cite web |date=2023-10-18 |title=Wireless Emergency Alerts {{!}} FEMA.gov |url=https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/practitioners/integrated-public-alert-warning-system/public/wireless-emergency-alerts |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=www.fema.gov |language=en}}

Below is a comparison table on alert categories/levels across systems (based on the common 3GPP message identifiers):

When roaming, if the user's home carrier supports Cell Broadcast emergency alerts, alerts will be displayed if the category/level of alert is enabled and equivalent to their home carrier's system.

Cell Broadcast messages can use a CAP (Common Alerting Protocol) message as an input as specified by OASIS (organization) or the Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) C-interface protocol, which has been specified jointly by the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) and the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA).

Advantages of using Cell Broadcast for Public warning are:

• Sending out a Cell Broadcast message to a few or millions of people takes less than 10 seconds
• Cell Broadcast has a unique and dedicated ringtone and vibration
• Only an authorized authority and the serving mobile network are able to send out the Cell Broadcast messages
• 99% of all handsets used today support Cell Broadcast
• Cell Broadcast supports a maximum message length of 1395 characters in the Latin alphabet, and 615 characters in Universal Coded Character Set (UCS-2) encoding in order to support other alphabets such as Arabic, Chinese, Urdu, or Greek.
• Cell Broadcast supports multiple languages
• Cell Broadcast supports the use of URLs and Web-links in the alert message
• Cell Broadcast supports targeting a specific geographic area (geotargeting); only devices connected to a base station in that area will receive the message
• Cell Broadcast supports the update within seconds of existing alert messages due to changing hazard situations
• Cell Broadcast supports the mechanism to inform and instruct people within seconds in the adjacent hazard areas
• Cell Broadcast is able to reach all mobile subscribers including roaming subscribers (in their own language)
• Cell Broadcast is not affected by mobile network congestion
• Cell Broadcast is not affected by access class barring and or SIM class barring
• Cell Broadcast is not affected by any data protection constraints as no personal data (subscriber identity or MSISDN) is required and used to deliver the message.
• Cell Broadcast can be used to address people present in an individual cell sector or large polygons covering a complete city or country.
• Cell Broadcast messages can be updated as incident conditions change during an event at the end of an event an all-clear can be given.
• Cell Broadcast is suitable for monthly or half yearly national public warning awareness tests
• Cell Broadcast enablement in the mobile network has no influence on the battery life of mobile devices

A point of criticism in the past on Cell Broadcast was that there was no uniform user experience on all mobile devices in a country.

Wireless Emergency Alerts and Government alerts using Cell Broadcast are supported in most models of mobile telephones. Some smart phones have a configuration menu that offer opt-out capabilities for certain public warning severity levels.{{cite web |title=CellBroadcast |url=https://source.android.com/devices/architecture/modular-system/cellbroadcast |website=Android Open Source Project |language=en}}

In case a national civil defence organisation is adopting one of the 3GPP's Public Warning System standards, PWS - also known as CMAS in North America, EU-Alert in Europe, LAT-Alert in South America, Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System in Japan, each subscriber in that country either making use of the home network or its roaming automatically makes use of the embedded Public warning Cell Broadcast feature present in every Android (operating system) and iOS mobile device.

• {{cite web |title=About emergency and government alerts on iPhone and Apple Watch |url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT202743 |website=Apple Support |access-date=6 December 2021 |language=en}}
• {{cite web |title=Set up emergency alerts for Japan on iPhone |url=https://support.apple.com/en-gb/HT202346 |website=Apple Support |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=6 December 2021 |language=en}}

In countries{{who|date=December 2021}} that have selected Cell Broadcast to transmit public warning messages, up to 99% of the handsets receive the cell broadcast message (reaching between 85 and 95% of the entire population as not all people have a mobile phone) within seconds after the government authorities have submitted the message; see as examples Emergency Mobile Alert (New Zealand), Wireless Emergency Alerts (USA) and NL-Alert (Netherlands).

File:Wireless Emergency Alert - Tornado Warning.png Cell Broadcast message on an Android smartphone, in the US.]]

File:CB Seoul.png on and Android device.]]

Many countries and regions have implemented location-based alert systems based on cell broadcast. The alert messages to the population, already broadcast by various media, are relayed over the mobile network using cell broadcast.

• Austria - AT-Alert{{cite web |title=AT-Alert |url=https://www.bmi.gv.at/204/at-alert/ |publisher=BMI}}
• Brazil - Defesa Civil Alerta{{Cite web |first= |date=2025-02-10 |title=Defesa Civil Alerta |url=https://www.gov.br/mdr/pt-br/assuntos/protecao-e-defesa-civil/defesa-civil-alerta |url-status=live |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=gov.br |publisher=Ministério da Integração e do Desenvolvimento Regional}}
• Bulgaria - BG-ALERT
• Canada - Alert Ready
• Chile - Sistema de Alerta de Emergencias (SAE)
• Croatia{{Cite web |title=SRUUK - Sustav za rano upozoravanje i upravljanje krizama |url=https://civilna-zastita.gov.hr/sruuk-sustav-za-rano-upozoravanje-i-upravljanje-krizama/7097 |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=civilna-zastita.gov.hr}}
• Denmark - S!RENEN ({{Langx|en|THE S!REN}}){{cite web |url=https://www.sirenen.dk/en |title=STOP. READ. REACT. |publisher=Danish Emergency Management Agency |accessdate=30 March 2023 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.brs.dk/da/nyheder/2023/sirenen/ |title=Med S!RENEN vil du modtage advarsler direkte på mobilen |language=Danish |trans-title=With THE S!REN you will receive warnings directly on the mobile |publisher=Danish Emergency Management Agency |date=10 March 2023 |accessdate=30 March 2023 }}
• European Union - EU-Alert
• France{{Cite web |title=Alerter et protéger : déploiement national du dispositif FR-Alert |url=http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/actualites/actu-du-ministere/alerter-et-proteger-deploiement-national-du-dispositif-fr-alert |access-date=30 October 2022 |website=Ministère de l'Intérieur |language=fr}}{{Cite web |last=Ministère de l'Intérieur et des Outre-mer |date=18 October 2022 |title=FR-Alert : comment ça marche ? |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=slejA_L-pQE |access-date=30 October 2022 |website=Youtube |language=french}} - FR-Alert
• Germany - DE-Alert (MoWaS){{Cite web |title=Cell Broadcast |url=https://www.bbk.bund.de/DE/Warnung-Vorsorge/Warnung-in-Deutschland/Warnmittel/Cell-Broadcast/cell-broadcast_node.html |access-date=15 October 2022 |website=BBK |language=de}}
• Greece - GR-Alert
• Hong Kong - emergency alert system (EAS){{cite web|url=https://www.ofca.gov.hk/en/news_info/press_releases/index_id_2230.html|title=Government Launches Emergency Alert System for Dissemination of Important Real-time Messages|publisher=Office of the Communications Authority, HKSAR}} first used on 9 March 2022.{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=The |title=Hongkongers shocked by 'emergency' alert on phones |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/187950/Hongkongers-shocked-by-%27emergency%27-alert-on-phones |access-date=10 March 2022 |website=The Standard |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=10 March 2022 |title=Unprecedented use of emergency alert system saved time, Hong Kong leader says |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3169910/coronavirus-hong-kong-leader-carrie-lam-give |access-date=10 March 2022 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}
• Iran{{cite web | url=https://www.isna.ir/news/98012812068/کدام-کشورها-در-شرایط-بحران-پیامک-هشدار-عمومی-می-فرستند | title=کدام کشورها در شرایط بحران، پیامک هشدار عمومی می‌فرستند؟ | date=17 April 2019 }}
• Israel - "{{Visible anchor|Personal Message}}"{{Cite web |url=https://www.oref.org.il/eng/articles/life-saving-guidelines/means-of-alert/1500 |title=New! "Personal Message", Home Front Command's defensive messages system using CB technology}}
• Italy - IT-Alert[https://www.it-alert.it/it/index.html IT-Alert]
• Japan - J-Alert{{cite web | url=http://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/service/areamail/ |title=緊急速報「エリアメール」 |access-date=20 Sep 2024}}
• Lithuania - LT-Alert{{cite web|url=http://gpis.vpgt.lt/go.php/lit/English|title=Lithuania Public Warning and Information System|access-date=13 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827170546/http://gpis.vpgt.lt/go.php/lit/English|archive-date=27 August 2019|url-status=dead}}
• Luxembourg - LU-Alert[https://infocrise.public.lu/en.html Infrocrise - Luxembourg]
• Netherlands - NL-Alert
• New Zealand - Emergency Mobile Alert
• Norway - Nødvarsel{{cite web |url=https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/Norwegian-Government-wants-to-strengthen-civil-emergency-preparedness/id2906807/ |title=The Norwegian Government wants to strengthen civil emergency preparedness |publisher=Ministry of Justice and Public Security |date=1 April 2022 |accessdate=8 June 2022 }}
• Oman - Oman-Alert
• Philippines - Emergency Cell Broadcast System (ECBS)
• Romania - RO-ALERT
• Saudi Arabia - KSA-Alert{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1809771/saudi-arabia|title=Saudi Arabia starts tests of emergency cell broadcast warnings system|date=15 February 2021}}
• South Korea - Korean Public Alert Service (used daily for regional COVID numbers and additionally almost daily for example to inform about the temporary closure of a metro line, missing people or cold weather)
• Spain - ES-Alert{{cite web |date=26 July 2022 |title=Qué es el sistema RAN-PWS y por qué un SMS podría salvarte la vida en situaciones de emergencia |url=https://www.europapress.es/portaltic/sector/noticia-sistema-ran-pws-sms-podria-salvarte-vida-situaciones-emergencia-20220726102954.html |accessdate=13 October 2002 |website=EuropaPress}}{{Cite web |title=El sistema de avisos a la población ante emergencias estará operativo desde mañana en toda España |url=https://www.proteccioncivil.es/web/guest/-/el-sistema-de-avisos-a-la-poblaci%C3%B3n-ante-emergencias-estar%C3%A1-operativo-desde-ma%C3%B1ana-en-toda-espa%C3%B1a?redirect=%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Fsala-de-prensa%2Fnoticias}}
• Sri Lanka - Disaster and Emergency Warning Network (DEWN)
• Taiwan - {{ill|Public Warning Cell Broadcast Service|zh|災防告警細胞廣播訊息系統}}{{cite web|url=https://en.cbe.tw/|title=Taiwan Public Warning Cell Broadcast Service|access-date=24 April 2019|archive-date=11 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911025720/https://en.cbe.tw/|url-status=dead}}
• Thailand - TH-Alert from Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DDPM){{Cite news |date=5 March 2024 |title=กสทช. – AIS เดินหน้าสร้างระบบเตือนภัยฉุกเฉินผ่านมือถือ ด้วยระบบ Cell Broadcast Service เจาะจง |url=https://www.nbtc.go.th/News/Information/65015.aspx |publisher=nbtc.go.th |language=TH}}{{Cite web |date=23 April 2025 |title=ทดลองยิง Cell Broadcast ทั่วประเทศ 50 ล้านหมายเลข เริ่ม 2 พ.ค. นี้ |url=https://www.thairath.co.th/news/politic/2854495 |url-status=live |website=Thairath |language=Thai}}{{Cite news |date=2 May 2025 |title=ปภ.ทดสอบเตือนภัย Cell board cast ราบรื่น

|url=https://www.thaipbs.or.th/news/content/351792 |website=thaipbs.or.th |language=Thai}}

• Turkey - UYARSİS
• United Arab Emirates - UAE-Alert
• United Kingdom{{Cite web |title=Switching on emergency alerts this summer - the giffgaff community |url=https://community.giffgaff.com/d/33271241-switching-on-emergency-alerts-this-summer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518112552/https://community.giffgaff.com/d/33271241-switching-on-emergency-alerts-this-summer |archive-date=18 May 2021 |access-date=18 May 2021 |website=community.giffgaff.com}} - UK Emergency Alert System{{Cite news |last=Davis |first=Nicola |date=19 March 2023 |title=UK launches emergency phone alerts public warning system |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/mar/19/uk-launches-emergency-phone-alerts-public-warning-system |access-date=29 March 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}
• United States - Wireless Emergency Alerts

The following countries and regions have selected Cell Broadcast to use for their national public warning system but are currently in the process of implementing.

• Australia{{cite web |title=Govt looks for new SMS warning system to augment Emergency Alert |url=https://www.itnews.com.au/news/govt-looks-for-new-sms-warning-system-to-augment-emergency-alert-568602 |website=iTnews |access-date=6 December 2021}}{{cite news |title=Australians in disaster zones to receive phone alerts to improve emergency response |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/may/01/australians-in-disaster-zones-to-receive-phone-alerts-to-improve-emergency-response |website=The Guardian |date=May 2023 |access-date=4 May 2023 |last1=Butler |first1=Josh }} - Emergency Alert Australia, scheduled for 2025.{{cite web |title=Emergency Alert Australia |url=https://www.emergencyalert.gov.au/}}
• Brazil - Defesa Civil Alerta, already implemented at the South and Southeast regions.{{Cite news |title=Atenção! Começa nesta quarta o novo sistema de envio de alertas |url=https://www.gov.br/mdr/pt-br/noticias/atencao-comeca-nesta-quarta-o-novo-sistema-de-envio-de-alertas |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241222133909/https://www.gov.br/mdr/pt-br/noticias/atencao-comeca-nesta-quarta-o-novo-sistema-de-envio-de-alertas |archive-date=2024-12-22 |access-date=2025-02-10 |work=Ministério da Integração e do Desenvolvimento Regional |language=pt-BR}}
• Czech Republic
• India - currently being tested{{cite web |title=DOT and NDMA collaborate to enhance emergency communication with Cell Broadcast Alert System testing |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1961680 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=5 October 2023}}
• Ireland{{Cite web |last=Oireachtas |first=Houses of the |date=2024-05-14 |title=Emergency Planning – Tuesday, 14 May 2024 – Parliamentary Questions (33rd Dáil) – Houses of the Oireachtas |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/question/2024-05-14/110/ |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=www.oireachtas.ie |language=en-ie}}{{Cite web |last=O'Cearbhaill |first=Muiris |date=2023-04-16 |title=Government text messaging system for large-scale emergencies in Ireland expected next year |url=https://www.thejournal.ie/public-warning-system-ireland-6042385-Apr2023/ |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=TheJournal.ie |language=en}}
• Mexico - currently being tested{{cite web |title=Prueba de #CellBroadcast del Sistema Nacional de Alertas del Gobierno de México |url=https://x.com/SasslaMx/status/1825358240831373565?t=lbJiOKWOGkuC2jmjndxq7Q&s=19 |website=x.com |access-date=18 August 2024}}
• Peru
• Portugal
• Poland
• Slovenia{{Cite web |last=Vadas |first=Petra |date=31 July 2023 |title=Sistem za obveščanje na nevarnost neurij bo kmalu zaživel tudi pri nas |url=https://n1info.si/novice/slovenija/znano-kdaj-naj-bi-sistem-za-obvescanje-na-nevarnost-neurij-zazivel-tudi-pri-nas/ |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=N1 |language=sl-SI}}{{Cite web |title=SMS-obveščanje ob neurjih in nesrečah naj bi zaživelo že v kratkem |url=https://www.24ur.com/novice/slovenija/SMS-obvescanje-ob-neurjih-in-nesrecah-naj-bi-zazivelo-ze-v-kratkem.html |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=www.24ur.com}}
• Sweden - SE Alert at some point after January 2026{{Cite web |last=Nyheter |first=S. V. T. |date=2025-04-10 |title=Regeringen inför nytt larmsystem |url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/svt-erfar-regeringen-infor-nytt-larmsystem |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=SVT Nyheter |language=sv}}
• Thailand - TH-Alert from Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DDPM){{Cite news |date=5 March 2024 |title=กสทช. – AIS เดินหน้าสร้างระบบเตือนภัยฉุกเฉินผ่านมือถือ ด้วยระบบ Cell Broadcast Service เจาะจง |url=https://www.nbtc.go.th/News/Information/65015.aspx |publisher=nbtc.go.th |language=TH}}{{Cite web |date=23 April 2025 |title=ทดลองยิง Cell Broadcast ทั่วประเทศ 50 ล้านหมายเลข เริ่ม 2 พ.ค. นี้ |url=https://www.thairath.co.th/news/politic/2854495 |url-status=live |website=Thairath |language=Thai}}{{Cite news |date=2 May 2025 |title=ปภ.ทดสอบเตือนภัย Cell board cast ราบรื่น

|url=https://www.thaipbs.or.th/news/content/351792 |website=thaipbs.or.th |language=Thai}}

• Ukraine - currently being tested

• Reverse 911

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite web |url=https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Mobile-Network-Public-Warning-Systems-and-the-Rise-of-Cell-Broadcast.pdf |title=Mobile Network Public Warning Systems and the Rise of Cell-Broadcast |date=January 2013 |website= www.gsma.com |publisher=GSMA |access-date= |quote=}}

}}

{{Commons category|Cell Broadcast}}

• [https://www.3gpp.org 3GPP - The current standardization body for GSM with free standards available]
• [https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/23041.htm 3GPP TS 23.041 Technical realization of Cell Broadcast Service (CBS)]
• [https://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/25419.htm 3GPP TS 25.419 UTRAN Iu-BC interface: Service Area Broadcast Protocol (SABP)]
• [https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/44012.htm 3GPP TS 44.012 Short Message Service Cell Broadcast (SMSCB) support on the mobile radio interface]
• [https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/45002.htm 3GPP TS 45.002 Multiplexing and multiple access on the radio path]
• [https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/48049.htm 3GPP TS 48.049 BSC-CBC interface specification; Cell Broadcast Service Protocol (CBSP)]
• [https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=1612 3GPP TS 29.168 Cell Broadcast Centre interfaces with the Evolved Packet Core; Stage 3]

{{Cell Broadcast System}}

Category:Mobile telecommunications standards

Category:3GPP standards

Category:Emergency population warning systems

Category:Emergency communication