:Liberec

File:Městské části Liberce.PNG

Liberec consists of 33 municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):{{cite web |title=Public Census 2021 – basic data|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4690&katalog=33475&pvo=SLD21043-CO|work=Public Database|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|language=cs|date=2022}}

{{div col|colwidth=18em}}

• Liberec I-Staré Město (9,793)
• Liberec II-Nové Město (2,979)
• Liberec III-Jeřáb (5,657)
• Liberec IV-Perštýn (3,117)
• Liberec V-Kristiánov (5,312)
• Liberec VI-Rochlice (17,268)
• Liberec VII-Horní Růžodol (3,430)
• Liberec VIII-Dolní Hanychov (2,358)
• Liberec IX-Janův Důl (1,072)
• Liberec X-Františkov (3,676)
• Liberec XI-Růžodol I (2,281)
• Liberec XII-Staré Pavlovice (4,683)
• Liberec XIII-Nové Pavlovice (2,578)
• Liberec XIV-Ruprechtice (8,429)
• Liberec XV-Starý Harcov (7,090)
• Liberec XVI-Nový Harcov (377)
• Liberec XVII-Kateřinky (540)
• Liberec XVIII-Karlinky (539)
• Liberec XIX-Horní Hanychov (1,490)
• Liberec XX-Ostašov (672)
• Liberec XXI-Rudolfov (155)
• Liberec XXII-Horní Suchá (490)
• Liberec XXIII-Doubí (2,960)
• Liberec XXIV-Pilínkov (642)
• Liberec XXV-Vesec (4,622)
• Liberec XXVIII-Hluboká (21)
• Liberec XXIX-Kunratice (172)
• Liberec XXX-Vratislavice nad Nisou (8,935)
• Liberec XXXI-Krásná Studánka (967)
• Liberec XXXII-Radčice (704)
• Liberec XXXIII-Machnín (1,050)
• Liberec XXXIV-Bedřichovka (109)
• Liberec XXXV-Karlov pod Ještědem (172)

{{div col end}}

In the early 1990s, some parts became independent municipalities: Stráž nad Nisou (formerly Liberec XXVI-Stráž nad Nisou and Liberec XXVII-Svárov), Dlouhý Most (formerly Liberec XXXVI-Dlouhý Most), Jeřmanice (formerly Liberec XXXVII-Jeřmanice) and Šimonovice (formerly Liberec XXXVIII-Minkovice and Liberec XXXIX-Šimonovice).{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://www.czso.cz/documents/10180/20537734/13008415abc.pdf/f10f868d-ba44-4595-90af-e68862927794?version=1.1|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}

Vratislavice nad Nisou is declared a self-governing borough, while the rest of the city is governed directly.{{cite web |title=Statut města|url=https://www.liberec.cz/cz/mesto-samosprava/profil-statut-mesta/statut-mesta/|publisher=City of Liberec|language=cs|access-date=2023-11-14}}

The oldest known names of the city are German, Reychinberch (1352) and Reychmberg (1369), meaning "rich/resourceful mountain" (reicher Berg in modern German). It was also spelled Reichenberg (1385–1399) and Rychmberg (1410).{{cite book |last=Profous|first=Antonín|title=Místní jména v Čechách II: CH–L|url=https://mjc.ujc.cas.cz/search.php|pages=582–583|year=1949|language=cs}}

The Czech equivalent originated as a distortion: Rychberk (1545), Libercum (1634), Liberk (1790), and finally Liberec (1845). In Czech, words starting with "R" were often dissimilated into "L". Since then, the city was known as Liberec in Czech and as Reichenberg in German.

File:Ještěd , letecký pohled.jpg]]

Liberec is located about {{convert|80|km}} northeast of Prague. Most of the municipal territory lies in the Zittau Basin. In the northeast, the territory extends into the Jizera Mountains and to the eponymous protected landscape area. In the west, the territory extends into the Ještěd–Kozákov Ridge and includes the highest point of Liberec and of the entire Ještěd–Kozákov Ridge, the mountain Ještěd at {{convert|1012|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.

Liberec is situated on the Lusatian Neisse River. The largest body of water is Harcov Reservoir (also called Liberec Dam). The reservoir is located inside the built-up area on the Lusatian Neisse's tributary, the stream of Harcovský potok. Today it serves mainly as a recreational place for the residents of Liberec, but it was originally designed to protect the city from floods and as a water reservoir for industrial use. It is also important as a biotope with the occurrence of protected animals.{{cite web |title=Přehradní nádrž Harcov|url=https://www.kudyznudy.cz/aktivity/prehradni-nadrz-harcov|publisher=CzechTourism|language=cs|access-date=2022-09-21}}

Liberec has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb; Trewartha: Dcbo). The annual average temperature is {{convert|8.3|C}}, the hottest month in July is {{convert|18.0|C}}, and the coldest month is {{convert|-1.2|C}} in January. The annual precipitation is {{convert|845.3|mm}}, of which July is the wettest with {{convert|107.1|mm}}, while April is the driest with only {{convert|41.3|mm}}. The extreme temperature throughout the year ranged from {{convert|-32.8|C}} on 11 February 1929 to {{convert|37.4|C}} on 16 July 1928.

{{Weather box

|location = Liberec (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1880-present)

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan record high C = 15.6

|Feb record high C = 17.1

|Mar record high C = 21.5

|Apr record high C = 28.4

|May record high C = 30.2

|Jun record high C = 34.4

|Jul record high C = 37.4

|Aug record high C = 35.9

|Sep record high C = 32.2

|Oct record high C = 25.4

|Nov record high C = 19.1

|Dec record high C = 14.8

|year record high C = 37.4

|Jan high C = 1.2

|Feb high C = 3.0

|Mar high C = 7.3

|Apr high C = 13.7

|May high C = 18.2

|Jun high C = 21.4

|Jul high C = 23.6

|Aug high C = 23.5

|Sep high C = 18.3

|Oct high C = 12.5

|Nov high C = 6.3

|Dec high C = 2.2

|year high C = 12.6

|Jan mean C = -1.2

|Feb mean C = -0.2

|Mar mean C = 3.0

|Apr mean C = 8.3

|May mean C = 12.8

|Jun mean C = 16.1

|Jul mean C = 18.0

|Aug mean C = 17.6

|Sep mean C = 13.0

|Oct mean C = 8.5

|Nov mean C = 3.9

|Dec mean C = 0.0

|year mean C = 8.3

|Jan low C = -3.9

|Feb low C = -3.6

|Mar low C = -1.1

|Apr low C = 2.6

|May low C = 6.8

|Jun low C = 10.1

|Jul low C = 12.0

|Aug low C = 11.8

|Sep low C = 8.3

|Oct low C = 4.9

|Nov low C = 1.3

|Dec low C = -2.5

|year low C = 3.9

|Jan record low C = -28.2

|Feb record low C = -32.8

|Mar record low C = -21.0

|Apr record low C = -12.0

|May record low C = -4.6

|Jun record low C = -1.9

|Jul record low C = 2.2

|Aug record low C = 1.4

|Sep record low C = -2.4

|Oct record low C = -9.8

|Nov record low C = -17.0

|Dec record low C = -23.1

|year record low C = -32.8

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 64.9

|Feb precipitation mm = 53.8

|Mar precipitation mm = 61.4

|Apr precipitation mm = 41.3

|May precipitation mm = 75.6

|Jun precipitation mm = 89.0

|Jul precipitation mm = 107.1

|Aug precipitation mm = 99.7

|Sep precipitation mm = 69.0

|Oct precipitation mm = 58.8

|Nov precipitation mm = 58.7

|Dec precipitation mm = 66.2

|year precipitation mm = 845.3

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 12.9

|Feb precipitation days = 11.0

|Mar precipitation days = 11.7

|Apr precipitation days = 8.3

|May precipitation days = 10.8

|Jun precipitation days = 11.2

|Jul precipitation days = 11.6

|Aug precipitation days = 10.3

|Sep precipitation days = 9.8

|Oct precipitation days = 9.9

|Nov precipitation days = 10.9

|Dec precipitation days = 12.5

|year precipitation days = 130.9

|Jan snow cm = 32.0

|Feb snow cm = 29.2

|Mar snow cm = 17.8

|Apr snow cm = 2.8

|May snow cm = 0.0

|Jun snow cm = 0.0

|Jul snow cm = 0.0

|Aug snow cm = 0.0

|Sep snow cm = 0.0

|Oct snow cm = 1.1

|Nov snow cm = 10.1

|Dec snow cm = 26.7

|year snow cm = 119.8

|humidity colour = green

|Jan humidity = 84.3

|Feb humidity = 80.3

|Mar humidity = 76.5

|Apr humidity = 68.8

|May humidity = 69.3

|Jun humidity = 70.4

|Jul humidity = 70.2

|Aug humidity = 71.3

|Sep humidity = 77.5

|Oct humidity = 81.1

|Nov humidity = 85.7

|Dec humidity = 86.3

|year humidity = 76.8

|Jan sun = 44.0

|Feb sun = 67.9

|Mar sun = 117.0

|Apr sun = 177.8

|May sun = 210.2

|Jun sun = 208.1

|Jul sun = 222.7

|Aug sun = 216.6

|Sep sun = 155.3

|Oct sun = 104.4

|Nov sun = 40.2

|Dec sun = 34.4

|year sun = 1598.6

|source 1 = Czech Hydrometeorological Institute{{cite web |title=Denní data dle zákona 123/1998 Sb.|url=https://www.chmi.cz/historicka-data/pocasi/denni-data/Denni-data-dle-z.-123-1998-Sb|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|access-date=2023-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828031457/https://www.chmi.cz/historicka-data/pocasi/denni-data/Denni-data-dle-z.-123-1998-Sb|archive-date=2023-08-28}}{{cite web |title=Teplota vzduchu v jednotlivé kalendářní dny|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/T.php?ID=U2LIBC01&type=graphMD|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|date=2023-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102235040/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/T.php?ID=U2LIBC01&type=graphMD|archive-date=2025-01-02}}{{cite web |title=Množství nového sněhu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/N.php?ID=U2LIBC01&type=graphMY|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|access-date=2024-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908224605/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/N.php?ID=U2LIBC01&type=graphMY|archive-date=2024-09-08}}{{cite web |title=Průměrná relativní vlhkost vzduchu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/H.php?ID=U2LIBC01&type=graphMY|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|access-date=2024-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908225021/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/H.php?ID=U2LIBC01&type=graphMY|archive-date=2024-09-08}}

|source 2 = NOAA{{cite web |title=Liberec Climate Normals 1991-2020|url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/CzechRepublic/CSV/Liberec_11603.csv|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=2023-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921014439/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/CzechRepublic/CSV/Liberec_11603.csv|archive-date=2023-09-21}}}}

File:Liberec náměstí a radnice 3.jpg and Neptune's Fountain]]

File:Zamek liberec.jpg

File:Liberec lázně císaře FJ 1.jpg

In the 11th or 12th century, a settlement named Habersdorf, which was the predecessor of Liberec, was established on the trade route from Bohemia to Lusatia by Czech settlers and German colonizers. In the 13th century, a second settlement named Reichenberg was established near the first one. The two settlements later merged. The first written mention of Liberec under its German name Reichenberg is from 1352.{{cite web |title=Liberecká historie v kostce|url=https://www.liberec.cz/cz/radnice/strategie-projekty/projekty-mesta/ostatni-projekty/zahrada-libereckych-vzpominek/liberecka-historie-kostce.html|publisher=City of Liberec|language=cs|access-date=2022-09-21}}

Starting in 1278, the area was owned by the noble Bieberstein family. Reichenberg suffered from the passing through of troops during the Hussite Wars, then was burned down in 1469 during a battle with the army of King George of Poděbrady. After the Biebersteins died out, the Frýdlant estate, which included Reichenberg, was bought by the Redern family in 1558. The Rederns contributed significantly to the development of the settlement, as they built new buildings, modernized the settlement and laid the foundation of the textile industry. In 1577, Reichenberg was promoted to a town by Emperor Rudolf II. He gave the town the coat of arms it still uses today.

From 1600, the town was administered by Kateřina of Redern, who obtained the right to trade in salt for the town, had a chapel added to the castle and contributed to the construction of the town hall. When the Redern family was forced to leave Reichenberg after the Battle of White Mountain (1620), it was acquired by Albrecht von Wallenstein. After his death it belonged to the Gallas and Clam Gallas families, who did not care much about the town. The prosperous local industry was interrupted by the Thirty Years' War and a great plague in 1680. The crises resulted in a series of harshly suppressed serf uprisings.

In the 18th century, Reichenberg flourished. The number of inhabitants tripled and the cloth industry was very successful. The Battle of Reichenberg between Austria and Prussia occurred nearby in 1757 during the Seven Years' War, but the town continued to develop. During the 19th century, the town became the centre of textile industry for all of Austria-Hungary. In 1850, it became a self-governing city.

Reichenberg became a rich industrial city without representative buildings. In the late 19th century, a spectacular collection of representative buildings was created, mostly in the neo-Renaissance style: the city hall, the opera house, the North Bohemian Museum, the Old Synagogue, and others. A representative villa district and a forest with a botanical garden and a zoo were created.

Until 1918, the city was part of Austria-Hungary, seat of the Reichenberg district, one of the 94 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Bohemia.Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967 After the end of World War I, Austria-Hungary fell apart and the Czechs of Bohemia joined newly established Czechoslovakia on 29 October 1918 whilst the Germans wanted to stay with Austria to form reduced German Austria on 12 November 1918, both citing Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points and the doctrine of self-determination. Liberec was declared the capital of the German-Austrian province of German Bohemia. Czechs however argued that these lands, though German-settled since the Middle Ages, were historically an integral part of the Duchy and Kingdom of Bohemia. On 16 December 1918, the Czechoslovak Army entered Liberec and the whole province remained part of Bohemia.{{cite news |last=Švecová|first=Jana|title=V německém Liberci vznik Československé republiky moc nevítali|newspaper=Liberecký deník|url=https://liberecky.denik.cz/zpravy_region/v-nemeckem-liberci-vznik-ceskoslovenske-republiky-moc-nevitali-20181026.html|publisher=Deník.cz|language=cs|date=2018-10-27|access-date=2024-03-04}}

The Great Depression devastated the economy of the area with its textile, carpet, glass and other light industry. The high number of unemployed people, hunger, fear of the future and dissatisfaction with the Prague government led to the flash rise of the populist Sudeten German Party (SdP), founded by Konrad Henlein, born in the suburbs of Liberec. The city became the centre of Pan-German movements and later of the Nazis, especially after the 1935 election, despite its important democratic mayor, Karl Kostka (German Democratic Freedom Party). The final change came in Summer 1938, after the radicalization of the terror of the SdP, whose death threats forced Kostka and his family to flee to Prague.

In September 1938, the Munich Agreement awarded the city to Nazi Germany. In 1939, it became the capital of Reichsgau Sudetenland.{{cite web |title=Liberec jako hlavní město Říšské župy Sudety. Nacistické představy o podobě města|url=https://liberec.rozhlas.cz/liberec-jako-hlavni-mesto-risske-zupy-sudety-nacisticke-predstavy-o-podobe-mesta-8199354|publisher=Czech Radio|language=cs|date=2018-06-15|access-date=2024-01-29}} Most of the city's Jewish and Czech population fled to the rest of Czechoslovakia or were expelled. The important synagogue was burned down. Henlein himself confiscated a villa in Liberec that had belonged to a Jewish businessman, which remained Henlein's home until 1945.{{cite book|last=Cornwall|first=Mark|title=The Czechoslovak Spinx: 'Moderate and Reasonable' Konrad Henlein|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2011|isbn=978-1780768083|location=London|pages=206–227}}

After World War II, the city again became a part of Czechoslovakia and nearly all of the city's German population was expelled following the Beneš decrees. The region was then resettled with Czechs.{{cite web |last=Štráfeldová|first=Milena|title=9. května 1945 vyvěšovali Němci v Liberci bílé prapory|url=https://cesky.radio.cz/9-kvetna-1945-vyvesovali-nemci-v-liberci-bile-prapory-8098490|publisher=Czech Radio|language=cs|date=2005-05-02|access-date=2024-03-04}}

{{historical populations

|align=none|cols=3

|1869|50252

|1880|60198

|1890|68135

|1900|79470

|1910|89312

|1921|84845

|1930|95623

|1950|69663

|1961|78193

|1970|84046

|1980|95924

|1991|101162

|2001|99102

|2011|102754

|2021|104340

|source=Censuses{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|date=2021-03-27}}}}

The largest employers with headquarters in Liberec and at least 1,000 employees are:{{cite web |title=Registr ekonomických subjektů|url=https://csu.gov.cz/registr_ekonomickych_subjektu|work=Business Register|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|language=cs|access-date=2024-09-12}}

The Liberec-Jablonec agglomeration was defined as a tool for drawing money from the European Structural and Investment Funds. It is an area that includes the cities of Liberec and Jablonec nad Nisou and their surroundings, linked to the cities by commuting and migration. It has about 227,000 inhabitants.

File:Jeschkenseilbahn.jpg]]

Liberec city transport provides bus and tram lines. The first tram was used in Liberec in 1897. Liberec shares the {{Track gauge|1435mm|allk=on}} tramway line which connects it to its neighbouring Jablonec nad Nisou. There are also two city lines with {{Track gauge|1435mm|allk=on}}. The first connects Horní Hanychov (next to the cable car to Ještěd) and Lidové Sady via Fügnerova. The second connects Dolní Hanychov and Lidové Sady via Fügnerova (only during workdays). There are also four historical trams. In the city centre there are two tracks as a memorial; in the past trams were used also on the central place in front of the city hall.

The European route E442 passes through Liberec.

A private international airport is located in Liberec XX-Ostašov.

File:Liberec-Bibliothek-1.jpg

Technical University of Liberec was founded in 1953 as " University of Mechanical Engineering in Liberec". After the number of fields has grown, in 1995, the university was renamed. It is known especially for its research in the field of textile engineering.{{cite web |title=Technical University of Liberec|url=https://www.tul.cz/en/university/|publisher=Technical University of Liberec|access-date=2021-07-28}} It has about 9,000 students in 6 faculties (Mechanical Engineering, Textile Engineering, Arts and Architecture, Mechatronics Informatics and Inter-Disciplinary Studies, Science-Humanities and Education, and Economics), and it also comprises Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation.{{cite web |title=Faculties and Institutes|url=https://www.tul.cz/en/university/faculties-and-institutes/|publisher=Technical University of Liberec|access-date=2021-07-28}}

Regional Research Library in Liberec is a general public science library, aiming at general education in the region. Founded in 1900, based on the decision of the municipal council to establish a municipal library. It has an exceptional collection of Germano-Slavica and Sudetica (periodicals and books in German language from Bohemia). New building was completed in 2000 on the site of the Old Synagogue, which was burnt down by the Nazis in November 1938. Its building comprises also a modern New Synagogue.

Mateřinka is a theatre festival held biennially in June.

Since 2020 Liberec has hosted Anifilm, an annual international festival of animated films.{{cite web |title=Mezinárodní festival animovaných filmů Anifilm poprvé v Liberci!|url=https://protisedi.cz/mezinarodni-festival-animovanych-filmu-anifilm-poprve-v-liberci/|work=Proti šedi|language=cs|date=2020-09-30|access-date=2025-03-28}}

File:Home Credit Arena1.jpg

The city is home to FC Slovan Liberec, a football club founded in Liberec which plays in the Czech First League, the top tier. Slovan Liberec is one of the most successful clubs in the Czech Republic, having won three league titles. There is also SK VTJ Rapid Liberec. It plays in one of the lowest divisions.

The ice hockey team HC Bílí Tygři Liberec play in the Czech Extraliga, the national top tier. It plays in Home Credit Arena.

Liberec has hosted two European Luge Championships, having done so in 1914 and 1939. In 2009, it hosted the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. The Ski Jumping World Cup always comes to Liberec in January. The World Karate Championships took place in May 2011.

In 2015, Liberec hosted the 2015 World Mountain Bike Orienteering Championships.

Motorcycle speedway takes place at the Pavlovický Stadion. It was built in 1930. The most important event that was run on it was the semi-final of the Under-21 World Championship in 2019.{{cite web |title=V Liberci se ukážou budoucí hvězdy ploché dráhy|url=https://www.idnes.cz/sport/motorsport/liberec-plocha-draha.A180615_408929_motorsport_ald|publisher=iDNES.cz|language=cs|date=2018-06-15|access-date=2024-01-29}} The team Start Gniezno Liberec race at the stadium.

File:Liberec divadlo F. X. Šaldy 3.jpg

File:Liberec Severočeské muzeum 2.jpg

The main landmark and one of the symbols of the city is the Ještěd Tower on the Ještěd mountain,which is used as a transmitter, observation tower and hotel. It was built in 1966–1973 according to the design by the architect Karel Hubáček. It is the most important monument in the city, protected as a national cultural monument since 2006. The building has won many architectural awards and a poll for the most important Czech building of the 20th century.{{cite web |title=Ještěd slaví padesát let, ikonickou stavbu kritici odmítali|url=https://www.idnes.cz/liberec/zpravy/jested-stavba-ikona-padesat-let-oslavy-vyroci.A230707_151845_liberec-zpravy_jape|publisher=iDNES.cz|language=cs|date=2023-07-09|access-date=2024-01-04}}

Among the most valuable buildings of the city centre is the Liberec City Hall. It was built in the Neo-Renaissance style in 1888–1893, according to the design by Franz Neumann. It has three towers; the highest of them is {{cvt|61|m}} high. In the summer season, the interiors and one of the towers are open to the public.{{cite web |title=Novorenesanční radnice v Liberci – klenot města pod Ještědem|url=https://www.kudyznudy.cz/aktivity/novorenesancni-radnice-v-liberci-klenot-mesta-po|publisher=CzechTourism|language=cs|access-date=2024-01-04}} Since 2024, it has been protected as a national cultural monument.{{cite web |title=Radnice|url=https://pamatkovykatalog.cz/radnice-14939919|publisher=National Heritage Institute|language=cs|access-date=2024-01-04}}

The Liberec Castle was built in several stages, the oldest part was built in the Renaissance style in 1582–1583. After World War II, it was in a state of disrepair, after which it was insensitively reconstructed and used by a glass manufacturer. The castle has not been used since 1997 and is gradually deteriorating.{{cite web |title=Zámek|url=https://pamatkovykatalog.cz/zamek-17873013|publisher=National Heritage Institute|language=cs|access-date=2024-01-04}}

A notable building is the F. X. Šalda Theatre. It was built in the Neo-Renaissance style in 1881–1883. A valuable element is the curtain with the theme Triumph of Love, made by Gustav Klimt, Ernst Klimt and Franz von Matsch.{{cite web |title=Divadlo|url=https://pamatkovykatalog.cz/divadlo-14936823|publisher=National Heritage Institute|language=cs|access-date=2024-01-04}}

The North Bohemian Museum was founded in 1873 as the first arts and crafts museum in the Czech lands. The current museum building dates from 1898. It was designed by the architect Friedrich Ohmann and built by Hans Grisebach in the romantic-historicist style. The building has a {{cvt|41|m}} high tower, which is a replica of the Liberec City Hall tower.{{cite web |title=O muzeu|url=https://www.muzeumlb.cz/o-muzeu|publisher=Severočeské muzeum v Liberci|language=cs|access-date=2024-01-04}}

Liberecká výšina is a significant landmark of the eastern part of the city. It is a restaurant with a {{cvt|25|m}} high observation tower, built in the style of a medieval castle. It was built in 1900–1901 and its look is inspired by the watchtower of the Nuremberg Castle.{{cite web |title=Liberecká výšina – dominanta města Liberec|url=https://www.kudyznudy.cz/aktivity/liberecka-vysina-dominanta-mesta-liberec|publisher=CzechTourism|language=cs|access-date=2024-01-04}}

The most visited tourist destinations in the city are the Liberec Zoo, iQ Landia (a science centre) and Centrum Babylon (an entertainment centre which includes a large water park, amusement park, casino, shopping court and hotel).{{cite web |title=Návštěvnost turistických cílů 2022|url=https://cms.czechtourism.cz/cms/getmedia/01ba5fd3-c18f-409a-b11d-f4cc83a15335/CzT_Report_navstevnost2022_(0232_23)_CZ_230609.pdf?_gl=1*1mfxwls*_ga*MTM0NTI5NTEyMy4xNjkwMTc5NzQ0*_ga_2HLRR7D2WM*MTY5MDE3OTc0NC4xLjEuMTY5MDE3OTc4MS4wLjAuMA..|publisher=CzechTourism|language=cs|date=2023-05-30|access-date=2024-01-04}}

File:Head of Panthera tigris in Liberec ZOO in Liberec, Liberec District.jpg in Liberec Zoo]]

The Liberec Zoo was founded in 1904 and is the oldest one in the territory of the former Czechoslovakia. Today it has an area of almost {{cvt|14|ha}} and keeps more than 160 species.{{cite web |title=O nás|url=https://www.zooliberec.cz/o-nas/|publisher=Liberec Zoo|language=cs|access-date=2024-01-04}} The symbol of the zoo and the main attraction are the white tigers. However, since they are a breed of the mainland Asian tiger and not a separate species, it is planned to end their breeding after the death of the last individual.{{cite web |title=Liberecká zoo ukončí chov bílých tygrů. Zbylé dva tu nechají dožít|url=https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/liberecka-zoo-ukonci-chov-bilych-tygru-zbyle-dva-tu-nechaji-dozit-66966|publisher=Seznam zprávy|language=cs|date=2019-02-26|access-date=2024-01-04}}

The Botanical Garden Liberec was established in 1876 by the Verein der Naturfreunde ("Society of Friends of Nature") and is the oldest one in the Czech Republic. It was originally located on the site of the North Bohemian Museum, but was moved in 1895 due to the construction of the museum. In 1996–2000, it was completely rebuilt. Today it comprises nine glasshouses for visitors with a total area of {{convert|4002|m²|abbr=on}} and more than 8,000 exotic plants.{{cite web |title=Titulní strana|url=https://www.botanickaliberec.cz/|publisher=Botanical Garden Liberec|language=cs|access-date=2024-01-04}}

{{Main category|People from Liberec}}

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• Christoph Demantius (1567–1643), German composer and poet
• Joachim Johann Nepomuk Spalowsky (1752–1797), Austrian naturalist
• Josef Proksch (1794–1864), composer and teacher of Bedřich Smetana
• Friedrich Karl Ginzel (1850–1926), Austrian astronomer
• Heinrich Herkner (1863–1932), German economist
• Ferdinand Porsche (1875–1951), Austrian-Czech car designer
• Vlasta Burian (1891–1962), actor
• Edmund Nick (1891–1973), German composer
• Jaroslav Řídký (1897–1956), composer
• Konrad Henlein (1898–1945), German Nazi politician
• Arthur Beer (1900–1980), German astronomer
• Harald Kreutzberg (1902–1968), German dancer and choreographer
• Herbert Feigl (1902–1988), Austrian-American philosopher
• Guido Beck (1903–1989), Argentinian physicist
• Augustin Schramm (1907–1948), communist politician and officer
• Roderich Menzel (1907–1987), Czech-German tennis player
• Fritz Preissler (1908–1948), German luger
• Egon Hartmann (1919–2009), German architect
• Otfried Preußler (1923–2013), German writer
• Marketa Goetz-Stankiewicz (1927–2022), Canadian scholar and translator
• Roland Bulirsch (1932–2022), German mathematician
• Markus Lüpertz (born 1941), German artist
• Barbara Bouchet (born 1944), German-American actress and entrepreneur
• Jirina Marton (born 1946), Canadian artist and illustrator
• Oldřich Kaiser (born 1955), actor
• Vladimír Šlechta (born 1960), writer
• Jaroslav Nedvěd (born 1969), ice hockey player
• Petr Nedvěd (born 1971), ice hockey player
• Martin Damm (born 1972), tennis player
• Tomáš Enge (born 1976), racing driver
• Jan Víšek (born 1981), ice hockey player
• Yemi A.D. (born 1981), choreographer and artist
• Lukáš Derner (born 1983), ice hockey player
• Pavla Havlíková (born 1983), cyclist
• Zuzana Hejnová (born 1986), athlete
• Martin Cikl (born 1987), ski jumper

{{div col end}}

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic}}

Liberec is twinned with:{{cite web |title=Zahraniční vztahy|url=https://www.liberec.cz/cz/mesto-samosprava/zahranicni-vztahy/|publisher=City of Liberec|language=cs|access-date=2024-01-04}}

• {{flagicon|NED}} Amersfoort, Netherlands
• {{flagicon|GER}} Augsburg, Germany

• {{flagicon|ISR}} Nahariya, Israel
• {{flagicon|GER}} Zittau, Germany

Vyhled z Liberecke radnice 13.JPG|View from the city hall

Liberec z Ještědu 002.jpg|View of Liberec from Ještěd

Liberec-synagoga.JPG|The Liberec New Synagogue

{{reflist}}

{{commons category|Liberec}}

{{wikivoyage|Liberec}}

• {{official|https://www.liberec.cz}} {{in lang|cs|de}}
• [https://www.visitliberec.eu/ Official tourist portal]
• [http://www.facebook.com/cityliberec/ Facebook page]
• [http://www.dpmlj.cz Tramway Liberec] {{in lang|cs}}
• [http://www.travel.cz/guide/125/index_en.html Liberec Botanical Garden]
• [http://www.travel.cz/guide/480/index_en.html Liberec Zoo]
• [http://www.ogl.cz/en/ Oblastni galerie v Liberci (Museum of art)]

{{Liberec District}}

{{Czech Seats}}

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Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic

Category:Populated places in Liberec District

Category:Holocaust locations in Czechoslovakia