:Madurese language

Latin letters are given according to the 2008 orthography.see {{harvp|Davies|2010|page=59}}

Vowels {{IPAslink|a}}, {{IPAslink|ɛ}}, {{IPAslink|ə}}, {{IPAslink|ɔ}} and its higher counterparts {{IPAslink|ɤ}}, {{IPAslink|i}}, {{IPAslink|ɨ}}, {{IPAslink|u}} are usually in complementary distribution. The last 4 vowels occur after voiced and aspirated consonants, while the first 4 vowels occur elsewhere. Consonants {{IPAslink|l}}, {{IPAslink|r}}, and {{IPAslink|s}}, although by default lower the vowels, are transparent after higher vowels, for example belli {{IPA|/bɨlli/}} "to buy" instead of *bellè {{IPA|/bɨllɛ/}}.{{harvnb|Davies|2010|p=29}}

Madurese has more consonants than its neighboring languages due to it having voiceless unaspirated, voiceless aspirated (traditionally often transcribed as voiced aspirated), and voiced unaspirated. Similar to Javanese, it has a contrast between dental and alveolar (even retroflex) stops.{{harvp|Davies|2010|page=59}}{{Cite book |last=Stevens |first=Alan |title=Facts About the World's Languages |date=2001 |publisher=H. W. Wilson |editor-last=Garry |editor-first=J. |location=New York |chapter=Madurese |editor-last2=Rubino |editor-first2=C.}}

The letters {{Grapheme|f}}, {{Grapheme|q}}, {{Grapheme|v}}, {{Grapheme|x}}, and {{Grapheme|z}} are used in loanwords.{{Cite book |title=Ejaan Bahasa Madura yang Disempurnakan |date=2008 |publisher=Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, Pusat Bahasa, Balai Bahasa Surabaya |pages=3 |language=id}}

Madurese nouns are not inflected for gender and are pluralized via reduplication. Its basic word order is subject–verb–object. Negation is expressed by putting a negative particle before the verb, adjective or noun phrase. As with other similar languages, there are different negative particles for different kinds of negation.see {{harvp|Davies|2010|page=273-275}}

From Article 1 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

;Latin: Sâdhâjâna orèng lahèr mardhika èsarengè dhrâjhât klabân ha'-ha' sè padâ. Sâdhâjâna èparèngè akal sareng nurani bân kodhu areng-sareng akanca kadhi tarètan.

;Aksara Pèghu:{{or|date=April 2023}} {{Script/Arabic|ساڊۤاجۤانا عَورَيڠ لاهَير مارڊيكا عَيسارۤڠَي ڊ‎رۤاجۤات کلابۤان هاء۲ سَي پادۤا. ساڊۤاجۤانا عَيڤارَيڠَي أکال سارۤڠ نوراني كَوڊو أرۤڠ-سارۤڠ أكانچا كاڊي تارَيتان.}}

;Translation: "All Human Beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights, they are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."

{{Reflist}}

{{InterWiki|code=mad|Madurese}}

{{Wikivoyage|Madurese phrasebook|Madurese|a phrasebook}}

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• {{Cite book |url=http://repository.iainmadura.ac.id/171/ |title=A Grammar of Madurese |last=Davies |first=W. D. |work=Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |year=2010 |location=Berlin}}
• {{Cite book |last=Kiliaan |first=H. N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J2lMAAAAYAAJ |title=Madoereesche Spraakkunst |date=1897 |publisher=Landsdrukkerij |location=Batavia |language=nl}}

{{refend}}

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Category:Malayo-Polynesian languages

Category:Languages of Indonesia

Category:Languages of Singapore

Category:Languages of Malaysia

Category:Madura Island