:Mexico City Metro overpass collapse
{{Short description|2021 railway accident in Mexico City}}
{{good article}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox public transit accident
| name = Mexico City Metro overpass collapse
| image= Incidente Línea 12 Ciudad México 2021.jpg
| caption = Investigators on site the night of the collapse
| image_alt = The bridge lies collapsed in a V-shape, with two train cars on each side of the tracks.
| image_map =
{{mapframe | frame = yes | plain = yes | frame-align = center
| frame-width = 250 | frame-height = 250 | frame-coordinates={{coord|19.39|-99.12}} | zoom = 10
| type = point | id = Q106696167 | marker = rail | marker-color = #000000
}}
| date = {{Start date and age|df=y|2021|05|03}}
| location = Tezonco–Olivos elevated interstation
Tláhuac Avenue, Tláhuac, Mexico City
| coordinates = {{Coord|19.3049|-99.0613|region:MX-DIF_type:event|display=inline,title}}
| country = Mexico
| line = Line 12
| operator = Sistema de Transporte Colectivo (STC)
| type = Railway collapse
| cause = Structural failure caused by faulty welding and lack of functional studs that led to fatigue in the collapse point
| trains = 1
| vehicles = 1
| passengers =
| pedestrians =
| damage =
| property =
}}
On 3 May 2021, at 22:22 CDT (UTC−5), a girder overpass in the borough of Tláhuac carrying Line 12 of the Mexico City Metro collapsed beneath a passing train. The overpass, along with the last two railcars of the train, fell onto Avenida Tláhuac near Olivos station, resulting in 26 fatalities and 98 injuries. It was the deadliest accident in the Metro's history in nearly fifty years.
Before the line opened, it faced technical and structural issues that persisted during its operation, resulting in a partial closure of the elevated section where the accident occurred, lasting from 2014 to 2015. An earthquake in 2017 further damaged the structure; although repairs were completed within a few months, residents reported that problems persisted for years. Originally announced in 2007 as an underground line capable of operating rubber-tired trains due to the instability of the city's soil. However, budget and time constraints led to modifications that allowed underground and above-ground operation with steel-wheeled trains. The construction was carried out by Empresas ICA, in partnership with Alstom Mexicana and Grupo Carso, the latter owned by businessman Carlos Slim.
Claudia Sheinbaum, the head of government of the city at the time of the collapse, hired the Norwegian risk management firm Det Norske Veritas (DNV) to investigate the causes of the event. Preliminary findings linked the accident to bridge construction deficiencies, including a lack of functional studs and faulty welds, fatiguing the collapsed beam. Researchers have identified the design change as a factor in track instability and damage since the line commenced operations. Further investigations concluded that the bridge had been designed and built without adhering to quality standards, that the line's construction and design changes had been inadequately supervised, and that there were insufficient fixing and safety elements. Additionally, it was found that periodic maintenance checks, which could have detected the girder buckling, had not been conducted—a claim contested by the city government.
Carso denied any wrongdoing; however, Slim agreed with the Mexican government to repair the section at no cost. In December 2021, the city's attorney general's office filed charges against ten former officials involved in the construction and supervision of the project, including the project director. As of {{currentmonth}} {{currentyear}}, they were awaiting trial for manslaughter, injury, and property damage. The bridge was rebuilt, the sections constructed by Carso were reinforced, and the line underwent general maintenance, fully reopening on 30 January 2024.
Background
=Metro system=
{{Main|Mexico City Metro}}
The Sistema de Transporte Colectivo (STC) operates the Mexico City Metro, one of the world's busiest urban transportation systems, which served approximately 4.5 million passengers daily in 2019, and the second-largest metro system in North America in 2021.{{cite web|url=https://metro.cdmx.gob.mx/afluencia-de-estacion-por-linea-2019|language=es|title=Afluencia de estación por línea 2019|publisher=Sistema de Transporte Colectivo Metro|year=2020|access-date=4 May 2021|archive-date=8 April 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408025317/https://metro.cdmx.gob.mx/afluencia-de-estacion-por-linea-2019|trans-title=Station traffic by line in 2019}}
Deterioration within the rail system resulted in multiple accidents and incidents, including a collision between two trains at Tacubaya metro station in March 2020, a railway coupler breaking while a train was operating near Misterios metro station the following month, a fire in the Metro's downtown headquarters in January 2021 that resulted in the death of a police officer, hospitalized thirty people, temporarily shut down six subway lines for several days, and a reported fire on metro tracks in April 2021.{{cite news|first1=Oscar|last1=Lopez|first2=Mike|last2=Ives|first3=Derrick Bryson|last3=Taylor|title=Mexico City's metro has been plagued by problems|date=4 May 2021|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/05/04/world/mexico-train-metro-crash/mexico-citys-metro-has-been-plagued-by-problems|access-date=4 May 2021|url-access=limited|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504101250/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/05/04/world/mexico-train-metro-crash/mexico-citys-metro-has-been-plagued-by-problems|url-status=live}}{{cite news |last=Sheridan |first=Mary Beth |date=4 May 2021 |title=Mexico City subway overpass collapses; at least 13 dead as metro cars topple |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/05/04/mexico-city-metro-train-platform-collapse/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=4 May 2021 |archive-date=4 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504152742/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/05/04/mexico-city-metro-train-platform-collapse/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription}}{{cite news|first=David|last=Agren|title=Anger mounts as death toll from Mexico metro overpass collapse rises to 24|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/04/mexico-train-collapse-death-toll-anger|access-date=4 May 2021|work=The Guardian|date=4 May 2021|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504214943/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/04/mexico-train-collapse-death-toll-anger|url-status=live}}
In December 2018, the recently appointed head of government of Mexico City, Claudia Sheinbaum, designated {{ill|Florencia Serranía|es|Florencia Serranía Soto}} as the general director of the STC. Serranía had previously held the same position from 2004 to 2006 during the governorship of Andrés Manuel López Obrador,{{cite web|url=https://elpais.com/mexico/2021-06-28/florencia-serrania-deja-la-direccion-del-metro-de-ciudad-de-mexico.html|title=Sheinbaum deja caer a la jefa del metro de Ciudad de México casi dos meses después del colapso de la Línea 12|trans-title=Sheinbaum lets go of the head of the Mexico City Metro nearly two months after the collapse of Line 12|language=es|date=28 June 2021|access-date=15 February 2025|work=El País|first=Elías|last=Camhaji|url-access=registration|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008173023/https://elpais.com/mexico/2021-06-28/florencia-serrania-deja-la-direccion-del-metro-de-ciudad-de-mexico.html|url-status=live}} who was president of Mexico at the time of the collapse. From 2020 to April 2021, the position of STC deputy director-general of maintenance was vacant, and Serranía assumed management of that role.{{cite web|url=https://politica.expansion.mx/cdmx/2021/05/04/stc-metro-mantuvo-vacante-un-ano-la-subdireccion-de-mantenimiento|title=STC Metro mantuvo vacante un año la subdirección de Mantenimiento|trans-title=STC Metro kept the deputy maintenance director position vacant for a year|language=es|work=Expansión|date=4 May 2021|first=Shelma|last=Navarrete|access-date=23 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204250/https://politica.expansion.mx/cdmx/2021/05/04/stc-metro-mantuvo-vacante-un-ano-la-subdireccion-de-mantenimiento|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.elsoldemexico.com.mx/metropoli/cdmx/un-ano-despues-el-metro-ya-tiene-encargado-de-mantenimiento-nahum-leal-barroso-6659881.html|title=Un año después, el Metro ya tiene encargado de mantenimiento|trans-title=A year later, the Metro now has a maintenance manager|first=Hilda|last=Escalona|language=es|work=El Sol de México|date=30 April 2021|access-date=23 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205131/https://www.elsoldemexico.com.mx/metropoli/cdmx/un-ano-despues-el-metro-ya-tiene-encargado-de-mantenimiento-nahum-leal-barroso-6659881.html|url-status=live}}
= Line 12 and rolling stock =
{{Main|Mexico City Metro Line 12}}
File:Mexico City Metro line 12.svg
Line 12 operates from south-central Mexico City to the semi-rural southeastern borough of Tláhuac, serving approximately 350,000 passengers daily in 2019. In May 2021, it was the newest line in the Metro system.
The head of government of Mexico City, Marcelo Ebrard, announced the line in August 2007, and construction commenced in September 2008.{{cite web|url=https://www.jornada.com.mx/2007/08/09/index.php?section=capital&article=036n1cap|title=Presentó Ebrard el proyecto de la línea 12 del Metro, que irá de Tláhuac a Mixcoac|date=9 August 2007|first1=Ángel|last1=Bolaños|first2=Josefina|last2=Quintero|work=La Jornada|language=es|trans-title=Ebrard presented the project for Line 12 of the Metro, which will run from Tláhuac to Mixcoac|access-date=20 June 2021|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226203212/https://www.jornada.com.mx/2007/08/09/index.php?section=capital&article=036n1cap|url-status=live}}{{cite news |title=Línea 12 arranca construcción a vapor |first=Jessica |last=Castillejos |url=http://www.exonline.com.mx/diario/noticia/comunidad/pulsocapitalino/cambios_en_linea_12_alteran_dano_estimado/371733 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209084823/http://www.exonline.com.mx/diario/noticia/comunidad/pulsocapitalino/linea_12_arranca_construccion_a_vapor/358194 |newspaper=Excélsior |date=21 September 2008 |archive-date=9 December 2008 |language=es |trans-title=Construction of Line 12 begins in full swing |access-date=4 May 2021}} Originally, the line was planned to be primarily underground, featuring 23 stations, 20 of which were to be underground (from Mixcoac to Nopalera), the section where the collapse occurred. The original budget for the project was MX$13 billion.{{cite web|url=https://www.sinembargo.mx/18-06-2021/3989473|title=L12 va a su tercer remiendo en 7 años en zona que no debió existir|language=es|trans-title=Line 12 is undergoing its third repair in 7 years in an area that should not have existed|first=Obed|last=Rosas|work=SinEmbargo.mx|date=18 June 2021|access-date=18 June 2021|archive-date=18 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618050943/https://www.sinembargo.mx/18-06-2021/3989473|url-status=live}}
The opening was initially expected to coincide with the 200th anniversary of Mexico's independence in 2010. Multiple construction delays postponed its inauguration by Ebrard and required intervention from the federal government, led by the president Felipe Calderón.{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/ap-verifica-946443040541|title=Expresidente mexicano no intervino en diseño de línea de Metro accidentada|trans-title=The former Mexican president did not intervene in the design of the accidented Metro line|work=Associated Press News|date=5 May 2021|first=Rafael|last=Cabrera|access-date=15 February 2025|archive-date=24 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824052809/https://apnews.com/article/ap-verifica-946443040541|url-status=live}} The project was modified to have fewer underground stations and nine elevated stations (from Culhuacán to Zapotitlán).{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com.mx/linea-12-debio-ser-subterranea-pero-por-ahorrar-dinero-se-hizo-tramo-elevado/|title=Línea 12 debió ser subterránea, pero por ahorrar dinero, se hizo tramo elevado|trans-title=Line 12 was supposed to be underground, but to save money, an elevated section was constructed|first=Israel|last=Zamarrón|work=Forbes México|language=es|date=6 May 2021|access-date=18 June 2021|archive-date=18 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618072116/https://www.forbes.com.mx/linea-12-debio-ser-subterranea-pero-por-ahorrar-dinero-se-hizo-tramo-elevado/|url-status=live}} Additionally, the elevated section would run along a different avenue than originally planned, {{ill|Avenida Tláhuac|es}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2021/05/04/la-linea-12-del-metro-cronica-de-una-tragedia-anunciada/|title=La línea 12 del Metro: crónica de una tragedia anunciada|trans-title=Line 12 of the Metro: a chronicle of a forewarned tragedy|work=Infobae|first=Claudia|last=Ramírez|date=4 May 2021|language=es|access-date=6 October 2024|archive-date=7 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007104223/https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2021/05/04/la-linea-12-del-metro-cronica-de-una-tragedia-anunciada/|url-status=live}}
The line was constructed by Empresas ICA in association with Alstom Mexicana and Grupo Carso, the latter owned by business magnate Carlos Slim. It was Carso's first project in railway construction, and they built the bridge between Calle 11 and Zapotitlán stations.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/16/world/americas/mexico-city-train-crash.html|title=Construction Flaws Led to Mexico City Metro Collapse, Independent Inquiry Shows|work=The New York Times|date=16 June 2021|first1=Maria|last1=Abi-Habib|first2=Oscar|last2=Lopez|first3=Natalie|last3=Kitroeff|url-access=registration|access-date=7 October 2024|archive-date=7 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007104157/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/16/world/americas/mexico-city-train-crash.html|url-status=live}} Ebrard and Calderón inaugurated the line in October 2012 a few months before the end of their terms. The project's cost soared to MX$26 billion (US$1.29 billion as of 2021).{{cite news|first=Mark|last=Stevenson|title=Mexico City subway collapse was a tragedy foretold|date=5 May 2021|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/mexico-mexico-city-health-coronavirus-pandemic-ee916392ef4f4febbe3434bfd95a0e70|access-date=6 May 2021|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505235733/https://apnews.com/article/mexico-mexico-city-health-coronavirus-pandemic-ee916392ef4f4febbe3434bfd95a0e70|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210504-mexico-city-golden-line-under-suspicion-after-crash|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210506135009/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210504-mexico-city-golden-line-under-suspicion-after-crash#selection-1083.0-1142.0|title=Mexico City 'Golden Line' under suspicion after crash|work=France 24|date=4 May 2021|access-date=6 May 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=6 May 2021}}
The line runs {{nowrap|FE-10}} trains, a steel-wheeled model manufactured by Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF).{{cite web|url=https://forbes.com.mx/el-otro-dolor-de-cabeza-los-trenes-y-la-via-de-la-linea-12/|title=El otro 'dolor de cabeza': los trenes y la vía de la L12|trans-title=The other 'headache': the trains and track of Line 12|date=6 May 2021|work=Forbes|first=Emmanuel|last=Carrillo|access-date=15 February 2025|archive-date=18 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418011837/https://www.forbes.com.mx/el-otro-dolor-de-cabeza-los-trenes-y-la-via-de-la-linea-12/|url-status=live}} Francisco Bojórquez, the then-general director of the Metro system, advocated for rubber tires, considering them a safer option.{{cite web|url=https://www.milenio.com/opinion/oscar-cedillo/contrasena/linea-12-del-metro-todos-fallaron|title=Línea 12 del Metro: todos fallaron|trans-title=Line 12: Everyone failed|date=21 June 2021|location=Mexico City|work=Milenio|first=Óscar|last=Cedillo|access-date=15 February 2025|language=es}} However, an internal labor commission disagreed, supporting the more cost-effective steel wheels.{{cite web|url=https://www.excelsior.com.mx/comunidad/2014/07/07/969448|title=Una elección contradictoria; Trenes de la Línea 12|trans-title=A contradictory election; Line 12 trains|date=7 July 2014|location=Mexico City|work=Excélsior|access-date=7 September 2021|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520163603/https://www.excelsior.com.mx/comunidad/2014/07/07/969448|url-status=live}} Bojórquez explained that CAF trains have European specifications, but were promised to be ready one year before the proposed Bombardier trains, which followed American specifications.
Line 12 was designed similarly to Line A, the other line in the system that uses steel-wheeled trains, with considerations based on the specifications of its Bombardier trains, which are {{convert|2.50|m|sp=us}} wide and weigh {{convert|170|t|sp=us}} per railcar. In contrast, the {{nowrap|FE-10}} trains are wider and heavier, measuring {{convert|2.80|m|sp=us}} in width and weighing {{convert|240|t|sp=us}} per railcar. The change was performed without considering the track requirements or reviewing the structural calculation of an elevated viaduct.{{cite web|url=https://www.razon.com.mx/ciudad/linea-12-rento-ebrard-trenes-mas-anchos-sin-licitar-y-reservo-datos/|title=Línea 12: rentó Ebrard trenes más anchos, sin licitar, y reservó datos|language=es|trans-title=Line 12: Ebrard rented wider trains without a bidding process and withheld information|work=La Razón|date=13 March 2014|access-date=25 September 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505201043/https://www.razon.com.mx/ciudad/linea-12-rento-ebrard-trenes-mas-anchos-sin-licitar-y-reservo-datos/}}
=Line 12 issues=
Line 12 encountered issues with trains on elevated sections during its construction. Before pre-operational testing began, topographic monitoring detected subsidence on several columns. Personnel recorded vibrations on the tracks in the Tláhuac area. Passenger testing commenced in June 2012; the Metro system noticed damage to approximately 10,000 ties due to vibrations in the following months.{{cite web|url=https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/opinion/dario-celis/2021/05/07/el-desastre-de-la-linea-12/|title=El desastre de la Línea 12|date=7 May 2021|access-date=25 September 2021|language=es|work=El Financiero|first=Darío|last=Celis|url-status=live|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518213421/https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/opinion/dario-celis/2021/05/07/el-desastre-de-la-linea-12/|trans-title=The disaster of Line 12}} Operations necessitated speeds as low as {{cvt|5|km/h}} on some segments to prevent damage to the tracks. A congressional report indicated that coupling unprotected rails with substandard wheels could lead to train derailments, and that Line 12 was officially certified less than an hour prior to its inauguration, despite thousands of unfinished tasks.
In March 2014, the city government closed the elevated section for twenty months for repairs due to technical and structural faults,{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/05/10/americas/mexico-city-subway-collapse-romo-analysis-intl-latam/index.html|title=The deadly collapse of Mexico City's 'Golden Line' was a tragedy foretold|first=Mario|last=Romo|work=CNN|date=10 May 2021|access-date=15 February 2025|archive-date=4 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204084347/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/05/10/americas/mexico-city-subway-collapse-romo-analysis-intl-latam/index.html|url-status=live}} and established a special board to investigate the errors that led to it.{{cite web|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/linea-12-del-metro-cronologia-del-colapso-en-el-tramo-elevado-de-olivos-a-tezonco/|title=Línea 12 del Metro: Cronología del colapso en el tramo elevado de Olivos a Tezonco|trans-title=Line 12 of the Metro: Chronology of the Collapse on the Elevated Section from Olivos to Tezonco|work=El Universal|first=Kevin|last=Ruiz|date=30 January 2024|access-date=15 February 2025|archive-date=10 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510022821/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/linea-12-del-metro-cronologia-del-colapso-en-el-tramo-elevado-de-olivos-a-tezonco/|url-status=live}} Thirty-three officials and former officials, including Enrique Horcasitas, the director of the Line 12 project, faced sanctions that included disqualifications from public work, fines, or both.{{cite web|url=https://letraslibres.com/politica/fantasmas-de-la-linea-12/|title=Fantasmas de la línea 12|language=es|trans-title=Ghosts of Line 12|work=Letras Libres|access-date=15 February 2025|date=5 May 2021|first=Juan Carlos|last=Romero Puga|archive-date=9 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241109103450/https://letraslibres.com/politica/fantasmas-de-la-linea-12/|url-status=live}}
The administration of Miguel Ángel Mancera, Ebrard's successor, hired SYSTRA in 2014 to conduct an independent investigation and provide a report. After reviewing over 2,900 documents and testing the tracks, the team concluded that errors occurred during the "planning, design, construction, and operation" of the line.{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com.mx/linea-12-del-metro-fallo-en-diseno-y-construccion/|title=Línea 12 del Metro falló en diseño y construcción|work=Forbes México|trans-title=
Line 12 of the Metro failed in design and construction|date=5 September 2014|access-date=4 May 2021|language=es|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504035431/https://www.forbes.com.mx/linea-12-del-metro-fallo-en-diseno-y-construccion/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/linea-12-del-metro-cronologia-y-fechas-clave|title=Cronología y fechas clave en la Línea 12 del Metro|trans-title=Chronology and key dates on Metro Line 12|date=4 May 2021|location=Mexico City|work=El Universal|language=es|access-date=4 May 2021|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504231136/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/linea-12-del-metro-cronologia-y-fechas-clave|url-status=live}} In a non-public report published by SinEmbargo.mx after the collapse, SYSTRA had noted that the wear and tear was unusual for a project that was only two years old, which they attributed to "mediocre quality" work. The group concluded that the Metro system would need to address the root causes of the wear to avoid future problems, as repairs would only serve as temporary fixes. They notified government authorities that a permanent resolution to the issues was infeasible and recommended developing a maintenance manual customized to the line's requirements for continuous operation.{{cite web|url=https://www.sinembargo.mx/17-05-2021/3976042|title=Informe de 2014, oculto por años, revelaba ya el desastre de la L12|date=17 May 2021|first=Daniela|last=Barragán|work=SinEmbargo.mx|access-date=25 December 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517050541/https://www.sinembargo.mx/17-05-2021/3976042|trans-title=A 2014 report, hidden for years, already revealed the disaster of Line 12}}
The Superior Auditor of the Federation ({{lang|es|Auditoría Superior de la Federación}}; ASF) identified in 2015 twelve irregularities in the construction process, including the incompatibility between the train wheels and the rails, which could lead to track instability, while noting that train operations were within accepted safety limits.{{cite web|url=https://latinus.us/2021/05/04/las-irregularidades-de-la-linea-12/|title=Las irregularidades de la Línea 12|trans-title=The irregularities of Line 12|work=LatinUS|date=4 May 2021|access-date=4 May 2021|first=Isabella|last=González|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505003222/https://latinus.us/2021/05/04/las-irregularidades-de-la-linea-12/|url-status=live}} According to Serranía, the French company Tricaud Société Organisée (TSO) was contracted in 2016 to maintain the daily operating conditions of the line's fixed installations and reported no concerns before the collapse.{{cite web|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/florencia-serrania-asegura-que-no-tenian-reportes-de-afectaciones-en-la-linea-12|title=Florencia Serranía asegura que no tenían reportes de afectaciones en la Línea 12|date=4 May 2021|location=Mexico City|access-date=5 May 2021|first=Eduardo|last=Hernández|trans-title=Florencia Serranía stated that there were no reports of issues on Line 12|work=El Universal|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505174711/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/florencia-serrania-asegura-que-no-tenian-reportes-de-afectaciones-en-la-linea-12|url-status=live}}
The 2017 Puebla earthquake damaged the line's tracks, leading to the temporary closure of six stations, from Tezonco metro station to the eastern terminal.{{cite news|first1=E. Eduardo|last1=Castillo|first2=Maria|last2=Verza|title=Survivor of Mexico City subway collapse reflects on the decision to change cars|date=6 May 2021|work=WTVD|agency=AP|url=https://apnews.com/article/business-6357b45a4dbca622b176076730d3180e|access-date=9 May 2021|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507080344/https://apnews.com/article/business-6357b45a4dbca622b176076730d3180e|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/cdmx/vecinos-temen-colapso-de-linea-12-del-metro-por-sismo|title=Vecinos temen colapso de Línea 12 del Metro por sismo|first=Eduardo|last=Hernández|work=El Universal|language=es|trans-title=Residents fear the collapse of Line 12 of the Metro due to the earthquake|location=Mexico City|access-date=4 May 2021|date=21 September 2017|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504062820/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/cdmx/vecinos-temen-colapso-de-linea-12-del-metro-por-sismo|url-status=live}} The Associated Press reported that experts advised closing the line for a comprehensive inspection instead of merely reinforcing it. The ASF noted damage to the section that eventually collapsed.{{cite web|url=https://canal44.com/nacional/reportaron-errores-y-danos-antes-y-despues-del-sismo-de-la-linea-12-del-metro/|title=Reportaron errores y daños antes y después del sismo de la Línea 12 del Metro|publisher=Canal 44|location=Mexico City|language=es|trans-title=Errors and damage were reported before and after the earthquake on Line 12 of the Metro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506093218/https://canal44.com/nacional/reportaron-errores-y-danos-antes-y-despues-del-sismo-de-la-linea-12-del-metro/|archive-date=6 May 2021|access-date=22 June 2021}} Following the earthquake, residents reported visible structural cracks in the structure, prompting transport authorities to address these complaints.{{Cite news|date=4 May 2021|title=Mexico City metro overpass collapse kills 23|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56977129|access-date=4 May 2021|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504145259/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56977129|url-status=live}} In January 2018, they also repaired a column between Olivos and Nopalera stations that had cracks in its base.{{Cite web|date=4 May 2021|title=Vecinos de la Línea 12 alertaron por grietas... en 2017|trans-title=Residents of Line 12 raised alarms about cracks... in 2017|url=https://www.chilango.com/noticias/colapso-linea-12-del-metro/|access-date=4 May 2021|work=Chilango|language=es|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504062235/https://www.chilango.com/noticias/colapso-linea-12-del-metro/|url-status=live}}
In 2019, residents provided photographs and videos to the authorities, expressing concerns that the bridge was buckling and that the structure was moving abnormally as trains passed.{{cite web|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/otra-vez-brota-la-solidaridad-de-extranos-por-accidente-en-linea-12-del-metro|title=Otra vez brota la solidaridad de extraños por accidente en Línea 12 del Metro|first=David|last=Fuentes|date=4 May 2021|access-date=4 May 2021|trans-title=Once again, solidarity among strangers emerges following the accident on Line 12 of the Metro|work=El Universal|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504200418/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/otra-vez-brota-la-solidaridad-de-extranos-por-accidente-en-linea-12-del-metro|url-status=live}} By the end of that year, the engineering firm Ingeniería, Servicios y Sistemas Aplicados (ISSA) conducted a study on the structural and geotechnical behavior of the overpass, concluding that there was no risk to the line's operation.
Collapse
File:Tlahuac 03.jpg–Tezonco viaduct in 2012. The accident occurred near the signs, visible on the right.|right|thumb|alt=A picture of Line 12 along Avenida Tláhuac.]]
On 3 May 2021 at 22:22 CDT (UTC−5), an eastbound train was traveling on the track between Olivos and Tezonco stations in Tláhuac.{{cite web|url=https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/2022/5/2/victimas-denuncian-abandono-del-gobierno-de-sheinbaum-un-ano-del-colapso-en-la-linea-12-285279.html|title=Víctimas denuncian abandono del gobierno de Sheinbaum a un año del colapso en la Línea 12|trans-title=Victims Denounce Government Abandonment by Sheinbaum One Year After the Line 12 Collapse|language=es|work=Proceso|first=Sara|last=Pantoja|date=2 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=5 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505012734/https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/2022/5/2/victimas-denuncian-abandono-del-gobierno-de-sheinbaum-un-ano-del-colapso-en-la-linea-12-285279.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.marca.com/claro-mx/trending/2021/05/04/60914e09e2704e1c4b8b456c.html|work=Marca|title=Accidente Metro CDMX Línea 12: Resumen de noticias, número de víctimas y daños por colapso en estación Olivos|language=es|trans-title=Mexico City Metro Line 12 Accident: Summary of News, Number of Victims, and Damage from Collapse at Olivos Station|date=5 May 2021|access-date=23 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205320/https://www.marca.com/claro-mx/trending/2021/05/04/60914e09e2704e1c4b8b456c.html|url-status=live}} Approximately {{nowrap|{{convert|220|m|sp=us}}}} before reaching Olivos station,{{cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2021/05/04/que-provoco-la-tragedia-en-la-linea-12-estas-serian-las-causas-del-desplome-de-un-tramo-del-metro-de-la-cdmx/|title=Qué provocó la tragedia en la Línea 12: estas serían las causas del desplome de un tramo del Metro de la CDMX|trans-title=What Caused the Tragedy on Line 12: These Would Be the Causes of the Collapse of a Segment of the Mexico City Metro|language=es|work=Infobae|date=4 May 2021|access-date=4 May 2021|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505205529/https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2021/05/04/que-provoco-la-tragedia-en-la-linea-12-estas-serian-las-causas-del-desplome-de-un-tramo-del-metro-de-la-cdmx/|url-status=live}} the section of track between columns 12 and 13 collapsed due to a failure of the girder, causing the rear two train cars to derail.{{cite web|url=https://politica.expansion.mx/voces/2021/06/18/columnainvitada-la-tragedia-de-la-linea-12-del-metro-sigue-sin-responsables|title=#ColumnaInvitada – La tragedia de la Línea 12 del Metro sigue sin responsables|trans-title=#GuestColumn – The Tragedy of Line 12 of the Metro Remains Without Accountability|first1=María de los Ángeles|last1=Estrada G.|first2=Juan Pablo|last2=Granados Gómez|language=es|work=Expansión|date=18 June 2021|access-date=19 June 2021|archive-date=18 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618160348/https://politica.expansion.mx/voces/2021/06/18/columnainvitada-la-tragedia-de-la-linea-12-del-metro-sigue-sin-responsables|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Puente del Metro cae en estaciones Olivos y Tezonco de la Línea 12|trans-title=Metro Bridge Collapses at Olivos and Tezonco Stations on Line 12|url=https://www.milenio.com/politica/comunidad/puente-metro-cae-estaciones-olivos-tezonco-linea-12|access-date=4 May 2021|date=3 May 2021|work=Milenio|language=es|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504052127/https://www.milenio.com/politica/comunidad/puente-metro-cae-estaciones-olivos-tezonco-linea-12|url-status=live|url-access=registration}} The fallen railcars formed a {{nowrap|V shape}}, with one car coming to rest on the ground and the other left suspended.{{cite news|first1=Jaclyn|last1=Diaz|first2=Scott|last2=Neumann|title=Mexico City Metro Train Derails, Killing At Least 23 And Injuring Dozens|date=4 May 2021|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/05/04/993369172/mexico-city-train-derailment-kills-at-least-13-injures-dozens-more|access-date=6 May 2021|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506004915/https://www.npr.org/2021/05/04/993369172/mexico-city-train-derailment-kills-at-least-13-injures-dozens-more|url-status=live}} Debris from the collapse struck a vehicle traveling along Avenida Tláhuac, resulting in the death of the driver and injuries to his wife.{{cite web|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/confirman-muerte-conductor-coche-aplastado-desplome-metro-olivos-viajaba-su-esposa/|title=Confirman muerte de conductor de coche aplastado por desplome de metro Olivos; viajaba con su esposa|language=es|first=Gabriela|last=Nila|date=4 May 2021|access-date=4 May 2021|work=Noticieros Televisa|trans-title=Driver Killed by Metro Collapse at Olivos Station Confirmed; He Was Traveling with His Wife|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505021922/https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/confirman-muerte-conductor-coche-aplastado-desplome-metro-olivos-viajaba-su-esposa/|url-status=live}} The overpass was approximately {{nowrap|{{convert|5|m|sp=us}}}} above ground level, situated over a concrete median strip, which minimized casualties among motorists and pedestrians below.{{cite news |last1=Sánchez |first1=Fabiola |title=Overpass collapse on Mexico City metro kills at least 24 |url=https://apnews.com/article/mexico-city-mexico-faee07a9250174f58365db6c915476d7 |work=Associated Press News |date=4 May 2021 |access-date=4 May 2021 |archive-date=4 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504153211/https://apnews.com/article/mexico-city-mexico-faee07a9250174f58365db6c915476d7 |url-status=live }}
{{nowrap|Twenty-six}} people died in the collapse, including fifteen reported deceased by midnight on 4 May, while {{nowrap|ninety-eight}} others were hospitalized.{{cite web|url=https://mvsnoticias.com/entrevistas/2022/5/2/un-ano-del-accidente-de-la-linea-12-del-metro-551209.html|title=A un año del accidente de la Línea 12 del metro|trans-title=One Year After the Line 12 Metro Accident|first=Jessica|last=Piña|date=2 May 2022|access-date=7 May 2022|work=MVS Noticias|url-status=live|archive-date=2 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502160956/https://mvsnoticias.com/entrevistas/2022/5/2/un-ano-del-accidente-de-la-linea-12-del-metro-551209.html}}{{cite web|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/desplome-trabe-15-muertos-34-heridos-linea-12-metro-cdmx-confirma-sheinbaum/|title=Suman 15 muertos y 34 hospitalizados por desplome de trabe en Línea 12: Sheinbaum|trans-title=15 Dead and 34 Hospitalized Due to Beam Collapse on Line 12: Sheinbaum|language=Es|work=Noticieros Televisa|first=Karina|last=Andrew Herrera|date=4 May 2021|access-date=19 October 2021|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504080530/https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/desplome-trabe-15-muertos-34-heridos-linea-12-metro-cdmx-confirma-sheinbaum/|archive-date=4 May 2021}} It marked the deadliest event for the Metro since 1975, when a collision between two trains resulted in the deaths of {{nowrap|thirty-one}} passengers at Viaducto metro station.{{cite news|first1=Patrick J.|last1=McDonnell|first2=Kate|last2=Linthicum|first3=Cecilia|last3=Sánchez|title=In Mexico, a deadly train wreck that many saw coming|date=4 May 2021|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Mexico City|url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2021-05-03/mexico-city-metro-overpass-collapses-onto-road-13-dead|access-date=5 May 2021|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504210619/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2021-05-03/mexico-city-metro-overpass-collapses-onto-road-13-dead|url-status=live|url-access=registration}} It was the third fatal accident within fourteen months.{{cite news|first1=Patrick J.|last1=McDonnell|first2=Cecilia|last2=Sánchez|title=Her 12-year-old son took Metro to buy her a Mother's Day present. He never returned|date=9 May 2021|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2021-05-09/her-12-year-old-son-went-to-buy-her-a-mothers-day-pres|access-date=10 May 2021|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509234947/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2021-05-09/her-12-year-old-son-went-to-buy-her-a-mothers-day-pres|url-status=live}} Following the collapse, {{nowrap|twenty-two}} individuals were reported missing; by 6 May, the number was reduced to five.{{cite web|url=https://www.animalpolitico.com/2021/05/personas-desaparecidas-accidente-linea-12-metro/|title=Identifican a Brandon, de 12 años entre fallecidos por colapso en el Metro; 22 personas siguen desaparecidas|trans-title=Brandon, 12, Identified Among the Deceased from Metro Collapse; 22 People Remain Missing|work=Animal Político|date=4 May 2021|access-date=6 May 2021|language=es|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505202356/https://www.animalpolitico.com/2021/05/personas-desaparecidas-accidente-linea-12-metro/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.razon.com.mx/ciudad/linea-12-metro-hay-5-personas-desaparecidas-433656|title=Línea 12 del Metro: Aún hay 5 personas desaparecidas|trans-title=Line 12 of the Metro: 5 People Still Missing|work=La Razón|date=6 May 2021|access-date=8 May 2021|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507164558/https://www.razon.com.mx/ciudad/linea-12-metro-hay-5-personas-desaparecidas-433656|url-status=live}} According to the city government, it is likely that none of these individuals were on board the train, as they had been missing for several days prior to the accident.{{cite web|url=https://proceso.com.mx/nacional/cdmx/2021/5/6/cdmx-asegura-que-cinco-personas-desaparecidas-no-tienen-relacion-con-colapso-en-l-12-263403.html|title=CDMX asegura que cinco personas desaparecidas no tienen relación con colapso en L-12|trans-title=Mexico City Asserts That Five Missing Persons Are Not Linked to Line 12 Collapse|date=6 May 2021|location=Mexico City|work=Proceso|first=Sara|last=Pantoja|access-date=19 June 2021|language=es|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202749/https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/cdmx/2021/5/6/cdmx-asegura-que-cinco-personas-desaparecidas-no-tienen-relacion-con-colapso-en-l-12-263403.html|url-status=live}}
Rodrigo García, the driver of the train, felt a jolt just before arriving at Olivos station, after which his control panel indicated a power failure. García activated the emergency brake, exited the cab, and observed smoke and passengers evacuating from the last car. The control center instructed him to assess the situation and reassure the passengers accordingly. He was later informed of the collapse. In the fifth and last available car, García encountered injured and unconscious people, estimating that the train was three-quarters full.{{cite web|url=https://elpais.com/mexico/2021-05-08/el-conductor-de-metro-que-sobrevivio-a-la-tragedia-de-la-linea-12-nunca-esperas-que-te-pase-algo-asi.html|title=El conductor de metro que sobrevivió a la tragedia de la Línea 12: 'Nunca esperas que te pase algo así'|language=Es|trans-title=The Metro Driver Who Survived the Line 12 Tragedy: 'You Never Expect Something Like This to Happen to You'|first=Elías|last=Camhaji|date=7 May 2021|work=El País|access-date=19 October 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615070828/https://elpais.com/mexico/2021-05-08/el-conductor-de-metro-que-sobrevivio-a-la-tragedia-de-la-linea-12-nunca-esperas-que-te-pase-algo-asi.html|archive-date=15 June 2021|url-access=limited}}
The STC warned residents to avoid the area.{{Cite news|date=4 May 2021|access-date=4 May 2021|title=What We Know About the Mexico City Train Crash|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/04/world/americas/mexico-city-train-derailment.html|url-access=limited|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504070643/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/04/world/americas/mexico-city-train-derailment.html|url-status=live}} Witnesses began rescue efforts, later joined by first-response teams.{{cite web|url=https://diariodecolima.com/noticias/detalle/2021-05-03-puente-se-desploma-con-todo-y-tren-del-metro-en-estacin-olivos-de-la-l12-en-la-cdmx|title=Puente se desploma con todo y tren del Metro en estación Olivos de la L12, en la CDMX|language=es|date=3 May 2021|work=Diario de Colima|trans-title=Bridge Collapses with Train at Olivos Station on Line 12 in Mexico City|access-date=4 May 2021|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504080544/https://diariodecolima.com/noticias/detalle/2021-05-03-puente-se-desploma-con-todo-y-tren-del-metro-en-estacin-olivos-de-la-l12-en-la-cdmx|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/video/survivors-helped-wreckage-deadly-mexico-082859123.html|title=Survivors Helped From Wreckage After Deadly Mexico City Overpass Collapse|date=4 May 2021|publisher=Yahoo!|access-date=4 May 2021|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505132620/https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/video/survivors-helped-wreckage-deadly-mexico-082859123.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/video/metro-l12-accidente-tipos-rescate-atrapados-cuerpos-desaparecidos-ciudad-de-mexico-pkg-oirginal-digital/|title=Hay gente aplastada bajo las estructuras del Metro. Sacarlas va a tardar, dice miembro de los Topos en México|trans-title=There are people trapped under the Metro structures. It will take time to rescue them, says a member of the Topos in Mexico|date=4 May 2021|access-date=24 June 2021|work=CNN en Español|first=Daniela|last=Patiño|language=es|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624222939/https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/video/metro-l12-accidente-tipos-rescate-atrapados-cuerpos-desaparecidos-ciudad-de-mexico-pkg-oirginal-digital/|url-status=live}} Neighbors provided rescuers with coffee, water, and bread.{{cite web|url=https://www.ejecentral.com.mx/todos-parecian-estar-muertos/|title=Todos parecían estar muertos|first=Juan Carlos|last=Rodríguez|work=Eje Central|date=4 May 2021|trans-title=Everyone appeared to be dead|language=es|access-date=5 May 2021|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505070739/https://www.ejecentral.com.mx/todos-parecian-estar-muertos/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.publimetro.com.mx/mx/noticias/2021/05/04/metro-linea-12-colapso-solidaridad-personas-ayuda.html|title=¡Solidaridad presente! Así se unieron las personas tras colapso de la Línea 12 del Metro|work=Publimetro|language=es|date=4 May 2021|access-date=5 May 2021|trans-title=Solidarity in Action! Here's How People Came Together After the Line 12 Metro Collapse|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505172033/https://www.publimetro.com.mx/mx/noticias/2021/05/04/metro-linea-12-colapso-solidaridad-personas-ayuda.html|url-status=live}} A nearby shopping mall cleared its parking lot to allow authorities to establish a control post.{{cite web|url=https://elpais.com/mexico/2021-05-04/resistan-tantito-la-solidaridad-de-los-vecinos-de-tlahuac-minutos-despues-del-derrumbe-del-metro.html|title='Resistan tantito': la solidaridad de los vecinos de Tláhuac minutos después del derrumbe del metro|language=es|work=El País|location=Mexico|date=4 May 2021|access-date=5 May 2021|first1=Darinka|last1=Rodríguez|first2=Micaela|last2=Vaerla|first3=Lorena|last3=Arroyo|trans-title='Hang in There a Little Longer': The Solidarity of Tláhuac Neighbors Minutes After the Metro Collapse|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505014744/https://elpais.com/mexico/2021-05-04/resistan-tantito-la-solidaridad-de-los-vecinos-de-tlahuac-minutos-despues-del-derrumbe-del-metro.html|url-status=live|url-access=limited}} Rescue operations were suspended after a few hours due to the structure instability.{{cite web|url=https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/nacional/2021/5/4/claudia-sheinbaum-informa-suspension-en-maniobras-de-rescate-estructura-esta-muy-debil-291870.html|title=Claudia Sheinbaum informa suspensión en maniobras de rescate; 'estructura está muy débil'|trans-title=Claudia Sheinbaum Reports Suspension of Rescue Operations; 'The Structure Is Very Weak'|date=4 May 2021|access-date=4 May 2021|work=El Heraldo de México|language=es|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504054511/https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/nacional/2021/5/4/claudia-sheinbaum-informa-suspension-en-maniobras-de-rescate-estructura-esta-muy-debil-291870.html|url-status=live}} A crane was deployed to lift sections of the train while search-and-rescue teams looked for survivors.{{cite news |date=4 May 2021 |title=Mexico City rail overpass collapses, killing 20 people |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/mexico-city-metro-overpass-collapses-with-train-cars-2021-05-04/ |publisher=Reuters |access-date=4 May 2021 |archive-date=4 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504101141/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/mexico-city-metro-overpass-collapses-with-train-cars-2021-05-04/ |url-status=live }} The first train car was removed the following day at 09:20 CDT, and the second car was removed before 14:00 on the same day. All debris was cleared by the end of the month.{{cite web|url=https://www.informador.mx/mexico/CONCLUYEN-RETIRO-DE-ESTRUCTURA-TRAS-TRAGEDIA-EN-METRO-DE-CDMX-20210531-0014.html|title=Concluyen retiro de estructura tras tragedia en Metro de CDMX|trans-title=Removal of Structure Completed After Tragedy at Mexico City Metro|date=31 May 2021|language=es|work=El Informador|access-date=23 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624210807/https://www.informador.mx/mexico/CONCLUYEN-RETIRO-DE-ESTRUCTURA-TRAS-TRAGEDIA-EN-METRO-DE-CDMX-20210531-0014.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.tvazteca.com/aztecanoticias/trabajadores-linea-12-metro-cdmx-especiales|title=Remoción en Línea 12 de Metro CDMX deja 3 trabajadores heridos|language=es|trans-title=Removal on Line 12 of Mexico City Metro leaves three workers injured|work=Azteca Noticias|publisher=TV Azteca|date=28 May 2021|access-date=23 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203359/https://www.tvazteca.com/aztecanoticias/trabajadores-linea-12-metro-cdmx-especiales|url-status=live}}
Immediate aftermath
File:Incidente Línea 12 Ciudad México 2021 (2).jpg
Service on Line 12 was suspended.{{Cite news|date=4 May 2021|title=Mexico City metro overpass collapse kills 23|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56977129|access-date=4 May 2021|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504145259/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56977129|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.chilango.com/noticias/cierran-linea-12-del-metro/|title=Cierran toda la Línea 12 del Metro; RTP brindará servicio de apoyo|work=Chilango|trans-title=Entire Line 12 of the Metro Closed; RTP to Provide Support Service|date=4 May 2021|access-date=4 May 2021|language=es|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504062250/https://www.chilango.com/noticias/cierran-linea-12-del-metro/|url-status=live}} The following day, a rail replacement bus service was established, utilizing 490 city buses, which were inadequate to meet passenger demand. To enhance the service, the city contracted additional buses from Autobuses de Oriente, and added temporary bus routes to Tasqueña, Universidad, Atlalilco, and Coyuya metro stations.As mentioned by the following sources:
- {{cite web|url=https://www.milenio.com/politica/comunidad/linea-12-metro-cdmx-suman-camiones-ado-transporte-emergente|title=CdMx suma camiones ADO a transporte emergente por accidente en L12 del Metro|trans-title=Mexico City Adds ADO Buses to Emergency Transportation Following Line 12 Metro Accident|language=es|date=5 May 2021|access-date=5 May 2021|work=Milenio|location=Mexico City|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505190605/https://www.milenio.com/politica/comunidad/linea-12-metro-cdmx-suman-camiones-ado-transporte-emergente|url-status=live|url-access=registration}}
- {{cite web|title=Horas en el transporte y tráfico: así cambió la vida el cierre de la Línea 12|trans-title=Hours spent on transportation and traffic: This is how the closure of Line 12 changed daily life|first=Karen|last=Delgado|work=Chilango|url=https://www.chilango.com/ciudadania/otros-ciudadania/horas-en-el-transporte-y-trafico-asi-cambio-la-vida-el-cierre-de-la-linea-12/amp/|date=2 May 2022|access-date=15 February 2025}}
- {{cite web|url=https://www.reforma.com/corre-metrobus-emergente-en-tlahuac/ar2190610|title=Corre Metrobús emergente en Tláhuac|work=Reforma|first=Amallely|last=Morales|date=26 May 2021|access-date=26 May 2021|url-access=subscription|language=es|trans-title=Emergency Metrobús Service in Tláhuac|archive-date=10 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910212519/https://www.reforma.com/libre/acceso/accesofb.htm?urlredirect=/corre-metrobus-emergente-en-tlahuac/ar2190610|url-status=live}}
- {{cite web|url=https://www.adn40.mx/ciudad/nueva-ruta-metrobus-linea-12-coyuya-erv|title=Anuncian nueva ruta de Metrobús para la Línea 12 de Tláhuac a Coyuya|language=es|trans-title=New Metrobús Route Announced from Tláhuac to Coyuya for Line 12|date=18 June 2021|access-date=19 June 2021|publisher=ADN 40|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201600/https://www.adn40.mx/ciudad/nueva-ruta-metrobus-linea-12-coyuya-erv|url-status=live}} The federal government declared three days of national mourning.{{cite news |title=AMLO decreta tres días de luto nacional por accidente en Línea 12 del Metro |url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/amlo-decreta-tres-dias-de-luto-nacional-por-accidente-en-linea-12-del-metro |access-date=5 May 2021 |work=El Universal |date=5 May 2021 |language=es |trans-title=AMLO Declares Three Days of National Mourning for Line 12 Metro Accident |archive-date=5 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505093325/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/amlo-decreta-tres-dias-de-luto-nacional-por-accidente-en-linea-12-del-metro |url-status=live }} Social media users reported structural damage at other elevated stations, including Oceanía, Consulado, and Pantitlán; Sheinbaum stated that these stations would be inspected.{{cite web|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/se-revisaran-denuncias-por-cuarteaduras-en-metro-oceania-y-pantitlan-sheinbaum|title=Se revisarán denuncias por cuarteaduras en Metro Oceanía y Pantitlán: Sheinbaum|trans-title=Sheinbaum: Reports of Cracks in Oceanía and Pantitlán Metro Stations Will Be Investigated|work=El Universal|date=4 May 2021|access-date=5 May 2021|language=es|first=Eduardo|last=Hernández|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505185626/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/se-revisaran-denuncias-por-cuarteaduras-en-metro-oceania-y-pantitlan-sheinbaum|url-status=live}} The general secretary of the Mexican Union of Metro Workers announced that approximately 8,000 workers would go on strike due to unsafe working conditions.
Sheinbaum stated that the families of those who lost their lives would receive {{nowrap|MX$700,000}} ({{nowrap|US$35,000}}) each, which included {{nowrap|MX$50,000}} ({{nowrap|US$2,500}}) from the city and {{nowrap|MX$650,000}} ({{nowrap|US$32,650}}) from the Metro. This compensation was later increased to {{nowrap|MX$1,870,000}} per family.{{cite web|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/linea-12-del-metro-accidente-familias-indemnizadas-desplome/|title=Dan más de 48 millones de pesos a familias de víctimas del desplome de L12 del Metro|trans-title=Over 48 Million Pesos Granted to Families of Victims of Line 12 Metro Collapse|language=es|first=Héctor|last=Vargas Isita|date=3 September 2021|access-date=8 September 2021|work=Noticieros Televisa|archive-date=7 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907212139/https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/linea-12-del-metro-accidente-familias-indemnizadas-desplome/|url-status=live}}
When Serranía was asked about satellite images showing that the collapsed section was slightly warped, she stated, "There is no such information; it is not true". The National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), the ruling party in Mexico, voted against the establishment of a special commission to investigate the collapse, referring to the proposal as "vulturesque" and asserting that the collapse had no "urgent and obvious resolution".{{cite web|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/metro-cdmx-morena-frena-comision-investigadora-del-colapso-de-estacion-olivos|title=Morena frena creación de una Comisión Investigadora del colapso de Metro Olivos|first=Víctor|last=Gamboa|date=6 May 2021|access-date=8 May 2021|work=El Universal|language=es|trans-title=MORENA Halts the Creation of an Investigative Commission for the Olivos Metro Station Collapse|archive-date=8 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508191938/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/metro-cdmx-morena-frena-comision-investigadora-del-colapso-de-estacion-olivos|url-status=live}}
Reactions
File:Ofrenda en el metro Olivos 01.jpg in honor of the victims at Olivos station]]
Minutes after the collapse, Sheinbaum arrived at the accident site.{{cite web|url=https://www.milenio.com/politica/accidente-metro-linea-12-claudia-sheinbaum-accidente|title=Claudia Sheinbaum se traslada al lugar del accidente, en la Línea 12 del Metro|trans-title=Claudia Sheinbaum Travels to the Accident Site on Line 12 of the Metro|language=es|date=3 May 2021|access-date=5 May 2021|work=Milenio|location=Mexico City|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504133622/https://www.milenio.com/politica/accidente-metro-linea-12-claudia-sheinbaum-accidente|url-status=live|url-access=registration}} Ebrard, who was the Secretary of Foreign Affairs, said on Twitter, "What happened today in the Metro is a terrible tragedy ... My sympathy to the victims and their families".{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/espanol/sns-es-accidente-mexico-metro-muertos-heridos-20210504-xiagumbovzggfaovmjvvoztbty-story.html|title='Lo ocurrido hoy en el Metro es una terrible tragedia'|work=Chicago Tribune|language=es|first1=Eduardo|last1=Castillo|first2=María|last2=Verza|date=4 May 2021|access-date=5 May 2021|trans-title='What happened today in the Metro is a terrible tragedy'|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505161346/https://www.chicagotribune.com/espanol/sns-es-accidente-mexico-metro-muertos-heridos-20210504-xiagumbovzggfaovmjvvoztbty-story.html|url-status=live}} The following morning, López Obrador extended his condolences and stated, "Nothing will be hidden; we should not fall into speculation ... no accusations will be made without evidence".{{cite web|url=https://politico.mx/minuta-politica/minuta-politica-gobierno-federal/amlo-respalda-a-sheinbaum-tras-colapso-en-l12-no-se-ocultará-nada-no-se-acusará-sin-pruebas/|title=AMLO respalda a Sheinbaum tras colapso en L12: no se ocultará nada, no se acusará sin pruebas|first=Nayelo|last=Lozano|date=4 May 2021|access-date=5 May 2021|work=Político.mx|trans-title=AMLO Supports Sheinbaum After Line 12 Collapse: 'Nothing Will Be Hidden, No Accusations Without Evidence'|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504214200/https://politico.mx/minuta-politica/minuta-politica-gobierno-federal/amlo-respalda-a-sheinbaum-tras-colapso-en-l12-no-se-ocultar%C3%A1-nada-no-se-acusar%C3%A1-sin-pruebas/|url-status=live}} Carso announced that they would await official expert analyses before making any statements regarding the incident.{{cite web|url=https://aristeguinoticias.com/0405/dinero-y-economia/esperaremos-a-los-peritajes-oficiales-carso/|title=Esperaremos a los peritajes oficiales: Carso|trans-title=We Will Await the Official Expert Reports: Carso|language=es|date=4 May 2021|access-date=5 May 2021|work=Aristegui Noticias|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504213235/https://aristeguinoticias.com/0405/dinero-y-economia/esperaremos-a-los-peritajes-oficiales-carso/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/empresas/2021/05/04/grupo-carso-esperara-los-peritajes-tras-colapso-en-linea-12-del-metro/|title=Grupo Carso esperará los peritajes tras colapso en Línea 12 del Metro|trans-title=Grupo Carso Will Await Official Expert Reports After Line 12 Metro Collapse|language=es|first=Axel|last=Sánchez|date=4 May 2021|work=El Financiero|access-date=5 May 2021|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504192727/https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/empresas/2021/05/04/grupo-carso-esperara-los-peritajes-tras-colapso-en-linea-12-del-metro/|url-status=live}}
=Protests and tributes=
In the days following the collapse, protesters expressed anger over the incident and the authorities' responses by vandalizing several Metro stations, breaking glass partitions and painting slogans such as "It wasn't an accident—It was negligence" on the walls. Demonstrators marched from Periférico Oriente metro station to the accident site, carrying banners that read, "It was not an accident; those responsible have first and last names", and "Corruption kills, and the deaths are brought upon the people".{{cite web|url=https://www.jornada.com.mx/notas/2021/05/04/capital/con-marcha-exigen-castigo-a-responsables-de-accidente-l12/|title=Con marcha exigen castigo a responsables de accidente en L12|first=Josefina|last=Quintero M.|work=La Jornada|date=4 May 2021|access-date=4 May 2021|location=Mexico City|language=es|trans-title=With a March, Protestors Demand Accountability for Those Responsible for the Line 12 Accident|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505014540/https://www.jornada.com.mx/notas/2021/05/04/capital/con-marcha-exigen-castigo-a-responsables-de-accidente-l12/|url-status=live}} Local residents set up an altar in a shopping mall near the site of the collapse.{{cite web|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/linea-12-del-metro-colocan-altar-en-memoria-de-personas-fallecidas|title=Colocan altar en memoria de las personas fallecidas en accidente de Línea 12 del Metro|first1=Manuel|last1=Espino|first2=Kevin|last2=Ruiz|date=4 May 2021|work=El Universal|language=es|trans-title=An Altar Is Set Up in Memory of Those Who Died in the Line 12 Metro Accident|access-date=8 May 2021|archive-date=8 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508042728/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/linea-12-del-metro-colocan-altar-en-memoria-de-personas-fallecidas|url-status=live}} On 7 May, hundreds of protesters held a vigil at the scene, demanding justice.{{cite web|title=Mexico City metro: Hundreds protest at scene of deadly rail collapse|date=9 May 2021|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-57036597|access-date=10 May 2021|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509115609/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-57036597|url-status=live}}
For Day of the Dead in 2021, local residents encouraged others to create a thematic altar called "Train to Mictlān".{{cite web|url=https://www.debate.com.mx/cdmx/Tren-al-Mictlan-convocan-a-ofrenda-de-Dia-de-Muertos-para-victimas-en-colapso-de-L12-20211028-0155.html|title=Tren al Mictlán: convocan a ofrenda de Día de Muertos para víctimas en colapso de L12|trans-title=Train to Mictlán: Call for Day of the Dead Offering for Victims of Line 12 Collapse|first=Karen|last=Osorio|date=28 October 2021|work=Debate|language=es|access-date=2 May 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104213425/https://www.debate.com.mx/cdmx/Tren-al-Mictlan-convocan-a-ofrenda-de-Dia-de-Muertos-para-victimas-en-colapso-de-L12-20211028-0155.html}} On the eve of the first anniversary of the collapse, the National Action Party (PAN) installed a temporary sculpture on Paseo de la Reforma in front of the Antimonumento +43 memorial. It referenced the overpass collapse and featured the inscriptions "#FueMorena" (#ItWasMorena) and "La tragedia de la Línea 12" (The Tragedy of Line 12) on a wine-colored plinth, reflecting MORENA's colors.{{cite web|url=https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/cdmx/2022/05/02/fuemorena-pan-cdmx-coloca-antimonumento-por-victimas-de-la-linea-12-del-metro/|title=#FueMorena: PAN CDMX coloca antimonumento por víctimas de la Línea 12 del Metro|trans-title=#FueMorena: PAN Mexico City Installs Anti-Monument for Victims of the Line 12 Metro|date=2 May 2022|access-date=2 May 2022|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503023735/https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/cdmx/2022/05/02/fuemorena-pan-cdmx-coloca-antimonumento-por-victimas-de-la-linea-12-del-metro/|archive-date=3 May 2022|url-status=live}} On the anniversary of the collapse, family members, survivors, and residents visited the site to place altars and candles. They planned to establish a memorial at the site of the collapse.{{cite web|url=https://www.animalpolitico.com/2022/05/linea-12-metro-cdmx-un-ano-memorial/|title=A un año de la caída de la Línea 12, sobrevivientes y familiares de personas fallecidas anuncian un memorial|trans-title=One Year After the Collapse of Line 12, Survivors and Families of the Deceased Announce a Memorial|work=Animal Político|language=es|date=3 May 2022|first=Sharenii|last=Guzmán|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=4 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504222220/https://www.animalpolitico.com/2022/05/linea-12-metro-cdmx-un-ano-memorial/|url-status=live}}
Investigations
The office of the federal Attorney General (FGR), along with its Mexico City counterpart (FGJCDMX) led by Ernestina Godoy Ramos, and the Norwegian risk management firm Det Norske Veritas (DNV) were appointed to investigate the collapse.{{cite news|title=Mexico City metro collapse victims' families to get compensation|date=8 May 2021|publisher=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/8/mexico-city-metro-collapse-victims-families-to-get-compensation|access-date=10 May 2021|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510084954/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/8/mexico-city-metro-collapse-victims-families-to-get-compensation|url-status=live}}{{cite news|first=Jim|last=Parsons|title=Forensics Firm DNV Tapped to Probe Mexico City Subway Collapse|date=9 May 2021|work=Engineering News-Record|url=https://www.enr.com/articles/51716-forensics-firm-dnv-tapped-to-probe-mexico-city-subway-collapse|access-date=10 May 2021|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085004/https://www.enr.com/articles/51716-forensics-firm-dnv-tapped-to-probe-mexico-city-subway-collapse|url-status=live}}
=DNV report=
{{multiple image
| header = Some photographs from the first DNV report illustrate the root causes of the collapse
| width = 220
| caption1 = Red circles mark studs with remaining ceramic protection, highlighting surface deficiencies at the joint, while red arrows indicate uneven spacing.
| image1 = Imágenes del Servicio de Dictamen Técnico del siniestro ocurrido en la Línea 12, en el tramo elevado entre las estaciones Olivos y Tezonco, entre las columnas 12 y 13, y análisis causa-raíz. - 4.png
| alt1 = A damaged concrete slab showing incorrect distances concerning stud placement.
| caption2 = The position of the studs (highlighted in red circles) and the differences in concrete compared to the prefabricated girder (outlined in blue).
| image2 = Imágenes del Servicio de Dictamen Técnico del siniestro ocurrido en la Línea 12, en el tramo elevado entre las estaciones Olivos y Tezonco, entre las columnas 12 y 13, y análisis causa-raíz. - 3.png
| alt2 = A girder with multiple poorly welded studs.
| caption3 = Poor welds that caused insufficient fusion to the girder.
| image3 = Imágenes del Servicio de Dictamen Técnico del siniestro ocurrido en la Línea 12, en el tramo elevado entre las estaciones Olivos y Tezonco, entre las columnas 12 y 13, y análisis causa-raíz. - 5.png
| alt3 = A broken metalic element due to a poor welding work
| align = right
| direction = vertical
}}
On 5 May 2022, the city government contracted DNV to conduct an investigation into the collapse.{{cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2022/05/05/el-dia-que-claudia-sheinbaum-expreso-su-confianza-a-dnv-para-llegar-al-fondo-del-colapso-de-la-linea-12/|title=El día que Claudia Sheinbaum expresó su confianza a DNV para 'llegar al fondo' del colapso de la Línea 12|trans-title=The Day Claudia Sheinbaum Expressed Her Confidence in DNV to 'Get to the Bottom' of the Line 12 Collapse|work=Infobae|date=5 May 2022|access-date=11 May 2022|language=es|archive-date=8 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508121238/https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2022/05/05/el-dia-que-claudia-sheinbaum-expreso-su-confianza-a-dnv-para-llegar-al-fondo-del-colapso-de-la-linea-12/|url-status=live}} The investigation was divided into three parts: the first part, costing {{nowrap|MX$8,169,343}}, addressed the preliminary causes of the accident; the second part, which included the immediate cause, was set at {{nowrap|MX$5,049,743}}; and the final part, costing {{nowrap|MX$9,394,914}}, focused on the root cause and provided recommendations for the line's reopening.{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/es-mx/dinero/noticias/pactaron-tres-pagos-por-informes-de-dnv/ar-AAX3TlF|title=Pactaron tres pagos por informes de DNV|trans-title=Three Payments Agreed for DNV Reports|agency=El Universal|work=MSN|date=5 May 2022|language=es|access-date=11 May 2022|archive-date=12 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512043440/https://www.msn.com/es-mx/dinero/noticias/pactaron-tres-pagos-por-informes-de-dnv/ar-AAX3TlF|url-status=live}} According to the contract, DNV was authorized to "collect information for documentary analyses, covering design, construction, rehabilitation, intervention, operation, maintenance, and supervision" of the line up to the date of the collapse.{{cite web|url=https://www.imagentv.com/noticias/imagen-noticias-con-ciro-gomez-leyva/gobierno-cdmx-inicia-demanda-contra-empresa-noruega-dnv|title=Gobierno CDMX inicia demanda contra empresa noruega DNV|trans-title=Mexico City Government Initiates Lawsuit Against Norwegian Company DNV|work=Imagen Televisión|first=Ciro|last=Gómez Leyva|date=6 May 2022|author-link=Ciro Gómez Leyva|access-date=11 May 2022|archive-date=12 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512043441/https://www.imagentv.com/noticias/imagen-noticias-con-ciro-gomez-leyva/gobierno-cdmx-inicia-demanda-contra-empresa-noruega-dnv|url-status=live}}
DNV published the first part of the report on 16 June 2021, which identified structural faults associated with six construction deficiencies:{{cite web|url=https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/2021/06/16/peritaje-linea-12-estas-son-las-6-deficiencias-en-la-construccion-que-se-encontraron/|title=Peritaje Línea 12: Estas son las 6 deficiencias en la construcción que se encontraron|trans-title=Line 12 Expert Report: These Are the 6 Construction Deficiencies Identified|language=es|work=El Financiero|date=16 June 2021|first1=Daniel Saúl|last1=Vela|first2=Ignacio|last2=Alzaga|access-date=20 June 2021|archive-date=17 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617135626/https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/2021/06/16/peritaje-linea-12-estas-son-las-6-deficiencias-en-la-construccion-que-se-encontraron/|url-status=live}}
- Poor welding process of Nelson studs
- Porosity and lack of fusion in the stud–beam joint
- Insufficient Nelson studs in the beams spanning the bridge assembly
- Use of different types of concrete in the girder
- Unfinished or improperly executed welds
- Inadequate supervision and dimensional control in fillet welds
DNV investigated the adequacy of the design and materials, assessed whether the structure's performance met the design requirements, and evaluated how operations, repairs, and renovations had affected the bridge. The group reported that fewer bolts than necessary to support the structure had been installed and that the concrete covering them might have been faulty.{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/caribbean-mexico-city-mexico-health-coronavirus-pandemic-7c94fb9284796c96110a360961397805|title=Report blames poor welds for Mexico City subway collapse|date=16 June 2021|first=Mark|last=Stevenson|access-date=21 June 2021|work=Associated Press|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202940/https://apnews.com/article/caribbean-mexico-city-mexico-health-coronavirus-pandemic-7c94fb9284796c96110a360961397805|url-status=live}} It found an alert issued by supervisors in August 2010 regarding the construction of the {{nowrap|Tezonco–Olivos}} overpass, which said that only ten reinforcement bars were to be used in the bridge, despite the original project plans specifying twenty.{{cite web|url=https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/2021/06/18/otra-revelacion-del-peritaje-de-la-linea-12-se-busco-usar-menos-varilla/|title=Otra revelación del peritaje de la Línea 12: se buscó usar menos varilla|trans-title=Another Revelation from the Line 12 Expert Report: Efforts Were Made to Use Fewer Reinforcement Bars|language=es|work=El Financiero|date=18 June 2021|first1=Daniel Saúl|last1=Vela|first2=Ignacio|last2=Alzaga|access-date=20 June 2021|archive-date=19 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619182329/https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/2021/06/18/otra-revelacion-del-peritaje-de-la-linea-12-se-busco-usar-menos-varilla/|url-status=live}} According to El Financiero, the final report omitted four additional lines of inquiry that were previously included in a draft report: "lateral-torsional buckling of the steel beams", "crushing of the concrete slab", "influence of loads from the railroad system", and "lack of infrastructure maintenance".{{cite web|url=https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/2021/06/17/peritaje-linea-12-suprimen-de-ultima-hora-el-tema-del-mantenimiento/|title=Peritaje Línea 12: suprimen de 'última hora' el tema del mantenimiento|trans-title=Line 12 Expert Report: Maintenance Issue Removed 'At the Last Minute'|language=es|work=El Financiero|date=17 June 2021|first1=Daniel Saúl|last1=Vela|first2=Ignacio|last2=Alzaga|access-date=20 June 2021|archive-date=17 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617064522/https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/2021/06/17/peritaje-linea-12-suprimen-de-ultima-hora-el-tema-del-mantenimiento/|url-status=live}}
DNV was initially expected to deliver the second part of the report on 14 July 2021; however, the group postponed it until 7 September of that year.{{cite web|url=https://www.radioformula.com.mx/noticias/20210617/que-son-la-causa-inmediata-y-la-causa-raiz-explicaciones-del-colapso-en-linea-12-del-metro/|title=¿Qué son la causa inmediata y la causa raíz, explicaciones del colapso en Línea 12 del Metro?|trans-title=What are the immediate cause and the root cause, explanations for the collapse of Line 12 of the Metro?|work=Radio Fórmula|first=Mariana|last=Cervantes|date=17 June 2021|access-date=20 June 2021|language=es|archive-date=19 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619182251/https://www.radioformula.com.mx/noticias/20210617/que-son-la-causa-inmediata-y-la-causa-raiz-explicaciones-del-colapso-en-linea-12-del-metro/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/politica/Informe-preliminar-de-DNV-revela-deficiencias-en-Linea-Dorada-20210616-0153.html|title=Informe preliminar de DNV revela deficiencias en la Línea Dorada|trans-title=Preliminary Report from DNV Reveals Deficiencies in the Golden Line|language=es|work=El Economista|date=16 June 2021|access-date=20 June 2021|first=Rolando|last=Ramos|archive-date=21 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621062701/https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/politica/Informe-preliminar-de-DNV-revela-deficiencias-en-Linea-Dorada-20210616-0153.html|url-status=live}} In the {{nowrap|180-page}} investigation, DNV concluded that the collapse was caused by a lack of functional Nelson studs in the affected section, which resulted in the buckling of the north and south beams. Insufficient functioning studs caused the girders to function independently in conditions for which they were not designed, leading to distortion in the central transverse frame and fatigue in the support. Additionally, poor distribution of the existing bolts and inadequate welds in the area contributed to the collapse.{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/9/7/missing-bolts-contributed-mexico-city-metro-collapse-report|title=Missing bolts contributed to Mexico City metro collapse: Report|date=7 September 2021|work=Al Jazeera English|access-date=8 September 2021|archive-date=8 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908001950/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/9/7/missing-bolts-contributed-mexico-city-metro-collapse-report|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/report-blames-poor-welds-mexico-city-subway-collapse-79879092|title=Report blames poor welds for Mexico City subway collapse|work=ABC News|agency=Associated Press|date=7 September 2021|access-date=8 September 2021|archive-date=7 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907195427/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/report-blames-poor-welds-mexico-city-subway-collapse-79879092|url-status=live}}
The third part of the report was initially expected in August 2021 but was delivered on 28 February of the following year.{{cite web|url=https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/politica/Gobierno-de-CDMX-rescinde-contrato-y-demanda-a-DNV-20220505-0010.html|title=Gobierno de CDMX rescinde contrato y demanda a DNV|work=El Economista|language=es|first=Iván|last=Rodríguez|date=5 May 2022|trans-title=Government of Mexico City Terminates Contract and Sues DNV|access-date=7 May 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=5 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505081935/https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/politica/Gobierno-de-CDMX-rescinde-contrato-y-demanda-a-DNV-20220505-0010.html}} The city government rejected the report's conclusions and withheld its publication. On 4 May 2022, Sheinbaum described the report as a "deficient, poorly produced, ... tendentious and false" document that presented "technical issues". She said that it served the interests of opposition parties, that DNV had unilaterally altered the methodology originally presented when the firm was hired, and that the company had a conflict of interest because one of DNV's lawyers had previously litigated against López Obrador. She announced a civil lawsuit against DNV and indicated that the firm would not receive payment for the final part of the report.{{cite web|url=https://elpais.com/mexico/2022-05-05/el-gobierno-de-ciudad-de-mexico-demanda-a-dnv-la-empresa-encargada-de-los-peritajes-de-la-linea-12.html|title=El Gobierno de Ciudad de México demanda a DNV, la empresa encargada de los peritajes de la Línea 12|trans-title=The Government of Mexico City Sues DNV, the Company Responsible for the Line 12 Investigations|work=El País|first=Elías|last=Camhaji|date=4 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|language=es|url-access=limited|archive-date=5 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505004608/https://elpais.com/mexico/2022-05-05/el-gobierno-de-ciudad-de-mexico-demanda-a-dnv-la-empresa-encargada-de-los-peritajes-de-la-linea-12.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/cdmx/2022/5/4/sheinbaum-demandara-dnv-por-peritaje-tendencioso-falso-del-desplome-de-la-linea-12-285412.html|title=Sheinbaum demandará a DNV por peritaje 'tendencioso y falso' del desplome de la Línea 12|trans-title=Sheinbaum Will Sue DNV for 'Tendentious and False' Investigation of the Line 12 Collapse|date=4 May 2022|work=Proceso|access-date=5 May 2022|language=es|archive-date=4 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504215339/https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/cdmx/2022/5/4/sheinbaum-demandara-dnv-por-peritaje-tendencioso-falso-del-desplome-de-la-linea-12-285412.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://elpais.com/mexico/2022-05-11/el-gobierno-de-sheinbaum-hace-publico-el-informe-de-dnv-que-adelanto-el-pais-sobre-el-colapso-en-la-linea-12.html|title=El Gobierno de Sheinbaum hace público el informe de DNV que adelantó EL PAÍS sobre el colapso en la Línea 12|trans-title=The Sheinbaum Government Releases DNV Report on the Line 12 Collapse, Previously Leaked by El País|first=Elías|last=Camhaji|date=11 May 2022|work=El País|access-date=11 May 2022|language=es|archive-date=11 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511194806/https://elpais.com/mexico/2022-05-11/el-gobierno-de-sheinbaum-hace-publico-el-informe-de-dnv-que-adelanto-el-pais-sobre-el-colapso-en-la-linea-12.html|url-status=live}} Andrés Lajous, the city's Secretary of Mobility, explained that the change in the report's methodology pertained to DNV's decision to "plant maintenance" as a cause of the collapse.{{cite web|url=https://politica.expansion.mx/cdmx/2022/05/05/informe-de-dnv-sobre-l12-nos-sembro-el-mantenimiento-acusa-andres-lajous|title=Informe de DNV sobre L12 "nos sembró el mantenimiento", acusa Andrés Lajous|trans-title=DNV Report on Line 12 'Planted Maintenance Issues', Accuses Andrés Lajous|first=Brenda|last=Yaes|work=Expansión|date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|language=es|archive-date=5 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505183553/https://politica.expansion.mx/cdmx/2022/05/05/informe-de-dnv-sobre-l12-nos-sembro-el-mantenimiento-acusa-andres-lajous|url-status=live}} DNV maintained that their report was delivered "in accordance with the agreed [root cause analysis] methodology and to strict internal quality and revision procedures". The firm added that Héctor Salomón Galindo Alvarado, the referred lawyer, was hired in July 2019 and had no authority over the reports or investigations conducted by the company or being contracted by DNV México.{{cite web|url=https://www.dnv.com.mx/news/media-statement-regarding-mexico-city-metro-line-investigation-224387/|title=Media statement regarding Mexico City Metro line investigation|publisher=DNV|date=11 May 2022|first=Neil|last=Slater|access-date=19 October 2024|archive-date=8 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208084527/https://www.dnv.com.mx/news/media-statement-regarding-mexico-city-metro-line-investigation-224387|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.milenio.com/politica/quien-es-hector-salomon-abogado-de-dnv-perfil|title=¿Quién es Héctor Salomón, abogado de DNV acusado por Sheinbaum de trabajar para Peña Nieto?|trans-title=Who is Héctor Salomón, the DNV Lawyer Accused by Sheinbaum of Working for Peña Nieto?|language=es|work=Milenio|date=6 May 2022|location=Mexico City|first=Eduardo|last=Buendía|access-date=11 May 2022|archive-date=7 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507193002/https://www.milenio.com/politica/quien-es-hector-salomon-abogado-de-dnv-perfil|url-status=live|url-access=registration}}
On 9 May 2022, the Spanish newspaper El País published part of the third report, in which DNV concluded that the root cause of the accident was the bridge's design not complying with construction standards. Key factors included the lack of certification by an independent entity, inadequate supervision, changes to the original design, misplaced, poorly welded, or missing studs throughout the girders, and a lack of maintenance inspections from 2012 to 2019, despite recommendations for annual inspections in the ICA–Carso–Alstom manual.{{cite web|url=https://elpais.com/mexico/2022-05-09/el-peritaje-final-de-dnv-senala-fallas-en-las-inspecciones-y-el-mantenimiento-como-causas-concurrentes-en-la-tragedia-de-la-linea-12.html|title=El peritaje final de DNV señala fallas en las inspecciones y el mantenimiento como causas concurrentes en la tragedia de la Línea 12|trans-title=DNV's Final Report Identifies Inspection and Maintenance Failures as Contributing Causes of the Line 12 Tragedy|date=9 May 2022|first1=Georgina|last1=Zerega|first2=Elías|last2=Camhaji|first3=Francesco|last3=Manetto|work=El País|language=es|access-date=11 May 2022|archive-date=11 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511000703/https://elpais.com/mexico/2022-05-09/el-peritaje-final-de-dnv-senala-fallas-en-las-inspecciones-y-el-mantenimiento-como-causas-concurrentes-en-la-tragedia-de-la-linea-12.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.sdpnoticias.com/mexico/el-pais-revela-el-peritaje-final-de-dnv-a-la-linea-12-del-metro-fallas-en-el-mantenimiento-entre-las-causas-del-accidente/|title=El País revela el peritaje final de DNV a la Línea 12 del Metro; fallas en el mantenimiento, entre las causas del accidente|date=9 May 2022|access-date=11 May 2022|language=es|trans-title=El País Reveals DNV's Final Report on Line 12 of the Metro; Maintenance Failures Among the Causes of the Accident|work=SDP Noticias|archive-date=10 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510062955/https://www.sdpnoticias.com/mexico/el-pais-revela-el-peritaje-final-de-dnv-a-la-linea-12-del-metro-fallas-en-el-mantenimiento-entre-las-causas-del-accidente/|url-status=live}} During the 2019 inspection, the hired company stated that they were not given sufficient time to conduct a thorough review.{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-05-09/mexico-city-metro-poorly-inspected-before-tragedy-el-pais-says|title=Mexico City Metro Poorly Inspected Before 2021 Tragedy, El Pais Says.|work=Bloomberg L.P.|url-access=subscription|first=Max|last=De Haldebang|date=9 May 2022|access-date=22 April 2025}} The city government released the report two days later and explained the discrepancies they identified during a conference. Officials expressed their opposition to the report because:{{cite web|url=https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/cdmx/2022/05/11/colapso-de-linea-12-estas-inconsistencias-detecto-el-gobierno-de-cdmx-en-el-dictamen-final-de-dnv/|title=Colapso de Línea 12: Estas inconsistencias detectó el Gobierno de CDMX en el dictamen final de DNV|trans-title=Line 12 Collapse: These Inconsistencies Were Found by the Mexico City Government in DNV's Final Report|language=es|date=11 May 2022|work=El Financiero|access-date=11 May 2022}}
- DNV did not compare the collapsed section with similar segments
- DNV relied on Google tools, including Google Street View, despite a disclaimer indicating that the data may not reflect actual conditions
- DNV initially claimed that the deformations were not visible to the naked eye but later contradicted this using Google Street View images
- The ICA–Carso–Alstom maintenance manual did not specify methodologies for assessing deformation criteria
- The report initially stated that no maintenance reports were provided but later acknowledged that reports for 2019 and 2020 did exist
- DNV did not follow the requested methodology.
Sheinbaum announced that the contract with DNV would be terminated and that a group of engineers would be hired to "present the complete truth".{{cite web|url=https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/2022/5/6/sheinbaum-busca-nuevo-peritaje-sobre-colapso-en-la-linea-12-con-ingenieros-de-calidad-285529.html|title=Sheinbaum busca nuevo peritaje sobre colapso en la Línea 12 con 'ingenieros de calidad'|trans-title=Sheinbaum Seeks New Investigation into Line 12 Collapse with 'Quality Engineers'|date=6 May 2022|work=Proceso|language=es|access-date=11 May 2022|archive-date=9 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509211943/https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/2022/5/6/sheinbaum-busca-nuevo-peritaje-sobre-colapso-en-la-linea-12-con-ingenieros-de-calidad-285529.html|url-status=live}}
=Other investigations=
Three days before DNV released its report, journalists from The New York Times (NYT) published an investigation attributing the collapse to a series of errors originating in its planning. The report indicated that the line was built hastily as Ebrard's administration was nearing its end, and steel studs connecting the steel to the concrete slab failed due to {{nowrap|poor-quality}} welds and failure to remove ceramic rings. It also noted that the city approved substandard work and that audits after the 2017 earthquake revealed errors in the original construction, including missing steel components and improperly poured concrete.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/06/12/world/americas/mexico-city-train-crash.html|title=Why the Mexico City Metro Collapsed|work=The New York Times|date=13 June 2021|access-date=20 June 2021|first1=Natalie|last1=Kitroeff|first2=Maria|last2=Abi-Habib|first3=James|last3=Glanz|first4=Oscar|last4=Lopez|first5=Wiyi|last5=Cai|first6=Evan|last6=Grothjan|first7=Miles|last7=Peyton|first8=Alejandro|last8=Cegarra|url-access=limited|archive-date=20 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620233905/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/06/12/world/americas/mexico-city-train-crash.html|url-status=live}} Sheinbaum criticized the NYT article, asserting that the newspaper has sought to confront the Fourth Transformation—the president's political platform.{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com.mx/sheinbaum-cuestiona-intereses-ocultos-en-revelacion-de-nyt-sobre-l-12/|title=Sheinbaum cuestiona intereses ocultos en revelación de NYT sobre L-12|location=Mexico City|language=es|trans-title=Sheinbaum questions hidden interests behind NYT's revelations regarding Line 12|date=13 June 2021|access-date=20 June 2021|work=Forbes México|archive-date=23 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623200121/https://www.forbes.com.mx/sheinbaum-cuestiona-intereses-ocultos-en-revelacion-de-nyt-sobre-l-12/|url-status=live}} Ebrard stated that the collapse resulted from a lack of maintenance rather than structural faults.{{cite web|url=https://www.milenio.com/politica/l12-metro-soldaduras-pernos-causa-colapso-nyt|title=Problemas en L12 del Metro, por falta notoria de mantenimiento en vías: Ebrard a NYT|language=es|trans-title=Ebrard attributes issues on Line 12 of the Metro to a significant lack of maintenance on the tracks, in response to the NYT|date=14 June 2021|access-date=20 June 2021|first1=Alma Paola|last1=Wong|first2=Carlos|last2=Vega|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203918/https://www.milenio.com/politica/l12-metro-soldaduras-pernos-causa-colapso-nyt|url-status=live|url-access=registration}}
The FGJCDMX investigation found results similar to DNV's initial report. It revealed that shear bolts connecting the concrete slabs to the beams were misaligned, and in some cases, the studs were not fused with the beams, causing distortion-related fatigue. The report concluded that the collapse occurred when the eastbound beam suddenly failed, dragging the westbound beam down within 1.9 seconds.{{cite web|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/l12-los-pernos-nelson-otra-vez|title=L12: los pernos Nelson, otra vez|trans-title=Line 12: Nelson Studs, Again|date=15 October 2021|first=Ariana|last=Paredes|location=Mexico City|access-date=18 October 2021|work=El Universal|language=es|url-status=live|archive-date=17 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017002125/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/l12-los-pernos-nelson-otra-vez}}{{cite web|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/en-l12-el-colapso-fue-fundamentalmente-por-errores-en-construccion-fiscalia-capitalina|title=En L12, el colapso fue fundamentalmente por errores en construcción: Fiscalía capitalina|trans-title=In Line 12, the collapse was fundamentally due to construction errors: Mexico City Attorney General's Office|date=14 October 2021|access-date=18 October 2021|work=El Universal|language=es|url-status=live|archive-date=15 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015010032/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/en-l12-el-colapso-fue-fundamentalmente-por-errores-en-construccion-fiscalia-capitalina}} Additionally, a study by specialists for the FGR indicated that the collapsed section had only 65 percent of the necessary bolts.{{cite web|url=https://www.bnamericas.com/en/news/third-of-required-bolts-missing-from-collapsed-mexico-city-metro-section--study|title=Third of required bolts missing from collapsed Mexico City metro section – study|date=10 January 2022|work=Bnamericas|url-access=subscription|access-date=10 February 2022|archive-date=10 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210065202/https://www.bnamericas.com/en/news/third-of-required-bolts-missing-from-collapsed-mexico-city-metro-section--study|url-status=live}} They noted a lack of inspection reports addressing bridge issues, stating that existing deformities and defects could have been identified with proper maintenance and specialized examinations.{{cite web|url=https://www.bnamericas.com/en/news/metallic-bars-of-collapsed-stretch-of-line-12-of-mexico-citys-subway-had-detectable-malformations|title=Another study finds maintenance errors at collapsed Mexico City metro line|date=24 January 2022|work=Bnamericas|url-access=subscription|access-date=10 February 2022|archive-date=10 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210065117/https://www.bnamericas.com/en/news/metallic-bars-of-collapsed-stretch-of-line-12-of-mexico-citys-subway-had-detectable-malformations|url-status=live}}
The College of Civil Engineers of Mexico ({{lang|es|Colegio de Ingenieros Civiles de México}}; CICM) conducted independent studies of Line 12, excluding the collapsed area. They found that the bridge features two types of girders: concrete girders built by ICA from Culhuacán to Calle 11 stations, and steel girders built by Carso from Calle 11 to Zapotitlán stations. The study found that 68 percent of the elevated section exhibited minor and common deficiencies, while the remaining 32 percent—between Periférico Oriente and Zapotitlán stations—showed vulnerabilities requiring further analyses. These vulnerabilities included poor welds, improper spacing between beams, cracks in columns and beams, and irregularities in the steel structure support.{{cite web|url=https://www.elimparcial.com/mexico/Metro-CDMX-Linea-12-no-puede-reabrir-detectan-mas-fallas-20210619-0107.html|title=Metro CDMX: Línea 12 no puede reabrir; detectan más fallas|author=El Universal|date=19 June 2021|language=es|location=Mexico City|trans-title=Mexico City Metro: Line 12 cannot reopen; additional faults detected|access-date=21 June 2021|work=El Imparcial|archive-date=20 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620041808/https://www.elimparcial.com/mexico/Metro-CDMX-Linea-12-no-puede-reabrir-detectan-mas-fallas-20210619-0107.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/metro-cdmx-linea-12-deficiencias-vulnerabilidades-colegio-ingenieros-civiles-mexico/|title=Colegio de Ingenieros Civiles de México detecta deficiencias en 32% de L12 del Metro CDMX|language=es|trans-title=The College of Civil Engineers of Mexico identifies deficiencies in 32% of Mexico City Metro Line 12|work=Noticieros Televisa|date=17 June 2021|first=Rocío|last=Mandujano Tovar|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-date=19 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619185256/https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/metro-cdmx-linea-12-deficiencias-vulnerabilidades-colegio-ingenieros-civiles-mexico/|url-status=live}} The institution recommended a reinforcement and rehabilitation project before any reopening,{{cite web|url=https://www.animalpolitico.com/2021/06/colegio-ingenieros-no-reiniciar-operacion-linea12-fisuras-y-filtraciones/|title=Colegio de Ingenieros recomienda no reiniciar operaciones en L12; detecta fisuras y filtraciones|date=17 June 2021|access-date=23 June 2021|language=es|trans-title=The College of Engineers recommends against resuming operations on Line 12, citing detected fissures and leaks|work=Animal Político|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204653/https://www.animalpolitico.com/2021/06/colegio-ingenieros-no-reiniciar-operacion-linea12-fisuras-y-filtraciones/|url-status=live}} and cautioned against reopening the underground section, as the railway workshops necessary for train maintenance are situated after Tláhuac metro station, the line's terminus.{{cite web|url=https://www.capital21.cdmx.gob.mx/noticias/?p=23038|title=No se podrá abrir Línea 12 hasta reparar tramo colapsado: Colegio de Ingenieros Civiles|date=17 June 2021|access-date=15 February 2025|work=Capital 21|language=es|trans-title=Line 12 cannot be reopened until the collapsed section is repaired, according to the College of Civil Engineers|archive-date=14 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214070558/https://www.capital21.cdmx.gob.mx/noticias/?p=23038|url-status=live}}
Reconstruction and reopening
Sheinbaum stated that the reconstruction of the collapsed section was anticipated to be finished by the end of 2022.{{cite web|url=https://www.milenio.com/politica/comunidad/sheinbaum-2022-terminara-reconstruccion-linea-12-metro|title=Para 2022 se terminará reconstrucción de Línea 12 del Metro: Sheinbaum|language=es|trans-title=Sheinbaum announced that the reconstruction of Line 12 of the Metro is expected to be completed by 2022|work=Milenio|date=8 December 2021|location=Mexico City|url-status=live|archive-date=9 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209122225/https://www.milenio.com/politica/comunidad/sheinbaum-2022-terminara-reconstruccion-linea-12-metro|access-date=17 December 2021|url-access=registration}} A week after the collapse, STC considered reopening only the underground segment.{{cite web|url=https://www.razon.com.mx/ciudad/perfilan-plan-abrir-tramo-l12-434478|title=Línea 12 del Metro: Perfilan plan para abrir tramo subterráneo|trans-title=Line 12 of the Metro: A plan is being developed to open the underground section.|language=es|work=La Razón|date=13 May 2021|first=Karla|last=Mora|access-date=23 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203819/https://www.razon.com.mx/ciudad/perfilan-plan-abrir-tramo-l12-434478|url-status=live}} In multiple technical meetings, various officials—including Serranía—discussed the possibility of replacing the trains due to the damage they were causing to the tracks, warning that without replacement, repairs would only be temporary. Sheinbaum stated there was no budget and that she needed to keep the line operational before leaving office.{{cite web|url=https://latinus.us/mexico/2025/5/2/las-grabaciones-de-la-linea-12-pese-advertencias-sheinbaum-reabrio-el-metro-sin-cambiar-los-trenes-con-una-reparacion-superficial-141133.html|title=The Line 12 Recordings: Despite Warnings, Sheinbaum Reopened the Metro Without Replacing the Trains and With Only Superficial Repairs|work=LatinUS|first=Isabella|last=González|date=2 May 2025|language=es|access-date=3 May 2025|url-status=live|archive-date=3 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503183147/https://latinus.us/mexico/2025/5/2/las-grabaciones-de-la-linea-12-pese-advertencias-sheinbaum-reabrio-el-metro-sin-cambiar-los-trenes-con-una-reparacion-superficial-141133.html}}
In June 2021, Sheinbaum discussed with ICA and Carso their potential financial responsibility for the reconstruction of the elevated section.{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com.mx/sheinbaum-ica-slim-dinero-rehabilitar-linea-12/|title=Sheinbaum busca que ICA y Slim aporten dinero para rehabilitar Línea 12|trans-title=Sheinbaum seeks financial contributions from ICA and Slim to rehabilitate Line 12|first=Israel|last=Zamarrón|date=18 June 2021|language=es|location=Mexico City|work=Forbes México|access-date=23 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624210858/https://www.forbes.com.mx/sheinbaum-ica-slim-dinero-rehabilitar-linea-12/|url-status=live}} On 22 June, López Obrador met with Sheinbaum and Slim, where they reached an agreement that Slim would assist with the reconstruction. López Obrador emphasized the urgency, stating that the work should be completed "as soon as possible" and aimed for Line 12 to be operational "within a year at the latest, with full safety".{{cite web|url=https://www.jornada.com.mx/notas/2021/06/23/politica/constructoras-de-l-12-con-voluntad-para-su-reconstruccion-amlo/|title=Slim, con voluntad para apoyar reconstrucción de la L-12: AMLO|trans-title=Slim is willing to support the reconstruction of Line 12, according to AMLO|language=es|first1=Néstor|last1=Jiménez|first2=Fabiola|last2=Martínez|work=La Jornada|date=23 June 2021|access-date=23 June 2021|archive-date=23 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623145711/https://jornada.com.mx/notas/2021/06/23/politica/constructoras-de-l-12-con-voluntad-para-su-reconstruccion-amlo/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.milenio.com/politica/amlo-linea-12-metro-cdmx-operando-ano-tardar|title=A más tardar en un año estará operando la Línea 12 del Metro de CdMx, dice AMLO|work=Milenio|location=Mexico City|author=Pedro Domínguez|date=24 June 2021|access-date=27 June 2021|trans-title=AMLO states that Line 12 of the Metro in Mexico City will be operational within a year at the latest|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627202117/https://www.milenio.com/politica/amlo-linea-12-metro-cdmx-operando-ano-tardar|url-status=live|url-access=registration}} A week later, López Obrador announced that Carso had agreed to rebuild the collapsed section at no cost,{{cite web|url=https://www.animalpolitico.com/2021/06/slim-pagara-reconstruccion-linea-12-amlo/|title=Slim pagará reconstrucción del tramo colapsado de Línea 12, no le costará al pueblo, dice AMLO|trans-title=AMLO announces that Slim will cover the costs for the reconstruction of the collapsed section of Line 12, ensuring it won't be a burden on the public|language=es|work=Animal Político|date=30 June 2021|access-date=30 June 2021|archive-date=30 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630160408/https://www.animalpolitico.com/2021/06/slim-pagara-reconstruccion-linea-12-amlo/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto/slim-pagara-pero-defiende-la-obra-de-l12|title=Slim pagará, pero defiende la obra de L12|trans-title=Slim will cover the costs, but he defends the integrity of the Line 12 project|first=Salvador|last=García Soto|language=es|date=30 June 2021|access-date=30 June 2021|work=El Universal|archive-date=30 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630091908/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto/slim-pagara-pero-defiende-la-obra-de-l12|url-status=live}} and Slim remarked:
I am convinced that [the line] was built by the best engineers in Mexico, who did the calculations and the design, and if you remember, in October 2012, around November ... the project was approved, which had been done by international experts. I am convinced that from its origin, it has no flaws. So much so that the president of the Republic, the head of government, and the elected head of government rode on it, and many of us were invited to tour it, covering about {{nowrap|{{convert|12|km|sp=us}}}}.{{efn|Original text in Spanish: "{{lang|es|... estoy convencido de que la hicieron los mejores calculistas de México, hicieron los cálculos, el diseño y si recordarán en octubre de 2012, por ahí de noviembre [...], se dio el visto bueno al proyecto, lo que se había hecho por expertos internacionales, lo cual estoy convencido que desde su origen no tiene vicios. Tan es así que se subió el presidente de la República, el jefe de Gobierno y el jefe de Gobierno electo y nos invitaron a muchas gentes a recorrer, recorrimos como 12 kilómetros}}".{{cite web|url=https://politica.expansion.mx/cdmx/2021/06/29/carlos-slim-helu-la-linea-12-sin-vicios-de-origen-en-su-construccion|date=29 June 2021|work=Expansión|title=Carlos Slim Helú: la Línea 12, sin vicios de origen en su construcción|trans-title=Carlos Slim Helú: Line 12 was built without inherent flaws in its construction|access-date=30 June 2021|language=es|archive-date=30 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630004732/https://politica.expansion.mx/cdmx/2021/06/29/carlos-slim-helu-la-linea-12-sin-vicios-de-origen-en-su-construccion|url-status=live}}}}
File:Sitio del Accidente del Metro de la Ciudad de México de 2021 - 6.jpg
Reconstruction of the collapsed section began on 16 February 2022.{{cite web|url=https://www.excelsior.com.mx/comunidad/linea-12-del-metro-inicia-reconstruccion-en-zona-cero-tras-desplome/1498987|title=Línea 12 del Metro: Inicia reconstrucción en zona cero tras desplome|first=Efrén|last=Argüelles|location=Mexico City|date=16 February 2022|work=Excélsior|access-date=21 February 2022|language=es|trans-title=Metro Line 12: Reconstruction Begins at Ground Zero After Collapse|url-status=live|archive-date=17 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217063624/https://www.excelsior.com.mx/comunidad/linea-12-del-metro-inicia-reconstruccion-en-zona-cero-tras-desplome/1498987}} A total of {{convert|6.7|km|abbr=on}} underwent strengthening with column reinforcements and supports, including struts, diaphragms, and tensors.{{cite web|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/reconstruiran-tramo-colapsado-de-linea-12-del-metro|title=Reconstruirán otro tramo de la parte elevada de la Línea 12|trans-title=Another Section of the Elevated Line 12 Will Be Reconstructed|language=es|work=El Universal|date=7 March 2022|access-date=15 March 2022|first=Salvador|last=Corona|location=Mexico City|url-status=live|archive-date=7 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307205700/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/reconstruiran-tramo-colapsado-de-linea-12-del-metro}} A girder located {{convert|200|m|ft|abbr=out}} from the accident site was dismantled and rebuilt. According to the Guacamaya Leaks, which involved multiple internet leaks of classified documents from the Secretariat of National Defense by the hacktivist group Guacamaya, Mexico City authorities requested the army to donate {{convert|20,000|t|abbr=on}} of steel for the girders' reinforcement. This steel was originally intended for the canceled Texcoco Airport, and the army provided {{convert|13,000|t|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2022/10/17/reconstruccion-de-la-linea-12-del-metro-cdmx-se-realiza-con-acero-del-aeropuerto-de-texcoco/|title=Reconstrucción de la Línea 12 del Metro CDMX se realiza con acero del Aeropuerto de Texcoco|language=es|trans-title=Reconstruction of Mexico City's Line 12 Metro is Being Carried Out with Steel from the Texcoco Airport|date=17 October 2022|work=Infobae|access-date=28 October 2022|archive-date=28 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028053554/https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2022/10/17/reconstruccion-de-la-linea-12-del-metro-cdmx-se-realiza-con-acero-del-aeropuerto-de-texcoco/|url-status=live}} Sheinbaum confirmed this information, stating that the unused material from the construction of Felipe Ángeles International Airport was repurposed for the reinforcement of Line 12.{{cite web|url=https://mvsnoticias.com/nacional/cdmx/2022/10/13/acero-del-aeropuerto-de-texcoco-se-utiliza-en-reforzamiento-de-l12-confirma-sheinbaum-568444.html|title=Acero del aeropuerto de Texcoco se utiliza en reforzamiento de L12, confirma Sheinbaum|language=es|trans-title=Sheinbaum Confirms Use of Texcoco Airport Steel for Reinforcement of Line 12|date=13 October 2022|first=Adrián|last=Jiménez|work=MVS Noticias|access-date=28 October 2022|archive-date=28 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028141803/https://mvsnoticias.com/nacional/cdmx/2022/10/13/acero-del-aeropuerto-de-texcoco-se-utiliza-en-reforzamiento-de-l12-confirma-sheinbaum-568444.html|url-status=live}}
The subway section of Line 12, which runs from Mixcoac to Atlalilco stations, reopened on 15 January 2023.{{cite web|url=https://politica.expansion.mx/cdmx/2023/01/15/a-20-meses-del-desplome-de-la-linea-12-reabren-tramo-de-mixcoac-a-atlalilco|title=A 20 meses del desplome de la Línea 12, reabren tramo Mixcoac-Atlalilco|language=es|date=15 January 2023|work=Expansión|first=Shelma|last=Navarrete|access-date=15 January 2023|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115171429/https://politica.expansion.mx/cdmx/2023/01/15/a-20-meses-del-desplome-de-la-linea-12-reabren-tramo-de-mixcoac-a-atlalilco|url-status=live|trans-title=20 Months After the Collapse of Line 12, the Mixcoac-Atlalilco Section Reopens}} In preparation for the section reopening, 15,000 ties and rails were replaced in interstation tunnels, leaks were repaired, and the track ballast was upgraded to a firmer material. The section operated thirteen trains and was patrolled by members of the National Guard, who were deployed to all metro stations following the 2023 Mexico City Metro train crash, amid Sheinbaum's allegations that the system was under attack from saboteurs.{{cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2023/01/15/minuto-a-minuto-apertura-parcial-de-la-linea-12-del-metro-de-la-cdmx/|title=Metro Línea 12 reabrió tramo subterráneo; Sheinbaum recalcó que por 'eventos malintencionados' involucraron a la GN|work=Infobae|language=Es|date=15 January 2023|trans-title=Metro Línea 12 reopened its underground section, with Sheinbaum emphasizing that the National Guard was involved due to "malicious events".|access-date=15 January 2023|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115150351/https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2023/01/15/minuto-a-minuto-apertura-parcial-de-la-linea-12-del-metro-de-la-cdmx/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://elpais.com/mexico/2023-01-16/sheinbaum-insiste-en-el-sabotaje-del-metro-y-pone-los-casos-atipicos-en-manos-de-la-fiscalia.html|trans-title=Sheinbaum insists on the sabotage of the metro and has handed over the "atypical cases" to the Prosecutor's Office|title=Sheinbaum insiste en el sabotaje del metro y pone los "casos atípicos" en manos de la Fiscalía|first=Carmen|last=Morán Breña|date=16 January 2023|work=El País|access-date=19 October 2024|archive-date=18 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618142708/https://elpais.com/mexico/2023-01-16/sheinbaum-insiste-en-el-sabotaje-del-metro-y-pone-los-casos-atipicos-en-manos-de-la-fiscalia.html|url-status=live}} The next section, from Culhuacán to Periférico Oriente stations, opened on 15 July 2023.{{cite web|url=https://unomasuno.com.mx/reabren-linea-12-del-metro-tramo-culhuacan-a-periferico-oriente/|title=Reabren Línea 12 del Metro tramo Culhuacán a Periférico Oriente|language=es|trans-title=The section from Culhuacán to Periférico Oriente of Line 12 of the Metro has reopened|work=unomásuno|date=15 July 2023|access-date=16 July 2023|archive-date=16 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716232153/https://unomasuno.com.mx/reabren-linea-12-del-metro-tramo-culhuacan-a-periferico-oriente/|url-status=live}} The last section, including the area where the collapse occurred, reopened on 30 January 2024.{{cite web|url=https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/cdmx/2024/01/28/metro-cdmx-reapertura-linea-12-que-estaciones-reabren-tlahuac-olivos-tezonco-tramo-elevado/|title=Reapertura de la Línea 12 del Metro: ¿Qué estaciones abren, cuándo y a qué hora?|trans-title=Reopening of Metro Line 12: Which stations are opening, when, and at what time?|date=28 January 2024|work=El Financiero|access-date=29 January 2024|language=es|archive-date=28 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128232422/https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/cdmx/2024/01/28/metro-cdmx-reapertura-linea-12-que-estaciones-reabren-tlahuac-olivos-tezonco-tramo-elevado/|url-status=live}}
Aftermath and litigation
After the first DNV report, Grupo Carso lost MX$7.8 billion on the Mexican Stock Exchange.{{cite web|url=https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/mercados/Grupo-Carso-pierde-7887-millones-de-pesos-en-la-BMV-desde-la-conferencia-sobre-Linea-12-20210622-0085.html|title=Grupo Carso pierde 7,887 millones de pesos en la BMV desde la conferencia sobre Línea 12|date=22 June 2021|access-date=27 June 2021|first=José Antonio|last=Rivera|language=es|trans-title=Grupo Carso has lost 7.887 billion pesos on the Mexican Stock Exchange since the press conference regarding Line 12|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627202119/https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/mercados/Grupo-Carso-pierde-7887-millones-de-pesos-en-la-BMV-desde-la-conferencia-sobre-Linea-12-20210622-0085.html|url-status=live|work=El Economista}} They lost an additional MX$2.7 billion after announcing plans to rebuild the collapsed section.{{cite web|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/cartera/tras-anunciar-que-rehabilitara-tramo-de-la-l12-carso-pierde-2-mil-734-mdp-en-dos-dias|title=Tras anunciar que rehabilitará tramo de la L12, Carso pierde 2 mil 734 mdp en dos días|date=30 June 2021|access-date=5 July 2021|first=Tláloc|last=Puga|work=El Universal|language=es|trans-title=After announcing the rehabilitation of a section of Line 12, Carso lost 2.734 billion pesos in just two days|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701091632/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/cartera/tras-anunciar-que-rehabilitara-tramo-de-la-l12-carso-pierde-2-mil-734-mdp-en-dos-dias|url-status=live}} Just days before the second report's delivery, DNV filed a complaint with the FGJCDMX due to a breach in the chain of custody regarding a package sent to the United States for further studies. Upon its return to Mexico, the box containing the samples had been tampered with, which could impact the investigation.{{cite web|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto/dnv-denuncia-violacion-sus-investigaciones|title=DNV denuncia violación a sus investigaciones|trans-title=DNV reports a breach in its investigations|language=es|first=Salvador|last=García Soto|work=El Universal|date=9 September 2021|access-date=10 September 2021|archive-date=10 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910043109/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/opinion/salvador-garcia-soto/dnv-denuncia-violacion-sus-investigaciones|url-status=live}}
In August 2021, the FGJCDMX initiated an investigation into eleven welders and two supervisors.{{cite web|url=https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/cdmx/2021/8/11/fgjcdmx-investiga-11-soldadores-directivos-por-accidente-de-linea-12-del-metro-269647.html|title=FGJCDMX investiga a 11 soldadores y 2 directivos por accidente de Línea 12 del Metro|language=es|trans-title=FGJCDMX investigates 11 welders and 2 executives for the Line 12 Metro accident|work=Proceso|date=11 August 2021|access-date=10 September 2021|archive-date=17 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817220020/https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/cdmx/2021/8/11/fgjcdmx-investiga-11-soldadores-directivos-por-accidente-de-linea-12-del-metro-269647.html|url-status=live}} By October, charges of manslaughter, injury, and property damage were announced against Horcasitas, along with nine former officials and supervisors. Many of these individuals had been disqualified from public office in 2014 and 2015 for their roles in the project's planning and construction.{{cite web|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/por-l12-buscan-imputar-homicidio-culposo-danos-y-lesiones-horcasitas-y-otros-9-abogado|title=Por L12, buscan imputar homicidio culposo, daños y lesiones a Horcasitas y otros 9: abogado|trans-title=For Line 12, they seek to charge Horcasitas and 9 others with manslaughter, damage, and injury: lawyer|language=Es|work=El Universal|date=18 October 2021|first=David|last=Fuentes|location=Mexico City|access-date=18 October 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=18 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018234137/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/por-l12-buscan-imputar-homicidio-culposo-danos-y-lesiones-horcasitas-y-otros-9-abogado}}{{cite web|url=https://mexico.as.com/mexico/2021/10/19/actualidad/1634596605_206025.html|title=Fiscalía CDMX presenta 10 denuncias por colapso de Línea 12|trans-title=Mexico City Attorney's Office files 10 complaints over Line 12 collapse|language=Es|work=Diario AS|date=18 October 2021|first=Yeseline|last=Trejo|location=Mexico City|access-date=18 October 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=18 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018234359/https://mexico.as.com/mexico/2021/10/19/actualidad/1634596605_206025.html}} Horcasitas' defense argued that errors arose when the city sought to modify the original project and contracted different companies, claiming that the line's infrastructure had not received proper maintenance since its opening.{{cite web|url=https://www.sdpnoticias.com/estados/cdmx/quien-es-enrique-horcasitas-director-del-proyecto-metro-del-2006-al-2012/|title=¿Quién es Enrique Horcasitas, director del proyecto Metro del 2006 al 2012?|location=Mexico City|date=18 October 2021|work=SDP Noticias|access-date=18 October 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=18 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018215951/https://aristeguinoticias.com/1810/mexico/linea-12-fiscalia-acusa-a-10-por-colapso-de-la-linea-12-entre-ellos-a-enrique-horcasitas/|language=es|trans-title=Who is Enrique Horcasitas, the project director of the Metro from 2006 to 2012?}} The defense also pointed out that the Spanish version of DNV's report omitted maintenance-related information.{{cite web|url=https://www.radioformula.com.mx/noticias/20211019/en-la-traduccion-de-peritaje-de-l12-eliminaron-el-tema-de-mantenimiento-abogado/|title=En la traducción de peritaje de L12 eliminaron el tema de mantenimiento: Abogado|first=Nelly|last=Hernández|date=19 October 2021|work=Radio Fórmula|trans-title=In the translation of the Line 12 report, the topic of maintenance was omitted: Lawyer|language=es|access-date=19 October 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020044143/https://www.radioformula.com.mx/noticias/20211019/en-la-traduccion-de-peritaje-de-l12-eliminaron-el-tema-de-mantenimiento-abogado/}} The ten former officials were charged in December 2021 and are awaiting trial {{As of|January 2023}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/espanol/sns-es-imputan-a-diez-exfuncionarios-por-caida-de-metro-de-mexico-20211206-2solptwusfck3c75bbxaj7xy2e-story.html|title=Imputan a diez exfuncionarios por caída de metro de México|trans-title=Ten former officials are charged in connection with the Mexico City Metro collapse|date=6 December 2021|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=17 December 2021|agency=Associated Press|location=Mexico City|archive-date=17 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217200115/https://www.chicagotribune.com/espanol/sns-es-imputan-a-diez-exfuncionarios-por-caida-de-metro-de-mexico-20211206-2solptwusfck3c75bbxaj7xy2e-story.html|url-status=live}}
Carso estimated that the reconstruction and reinforcement of the collapsed bridge would cost MX$800 million.{{cite web|url=https://obras.expansion.mx/infraestructura/2021/10/26/carso-destinara-800-millones-de-pesos-a-reparar-la-linea-12|title=Carso destinará 800 millones de pesos a reparar la Línea 12|language=es|trans-title=Carso will allocate 800 million pesos to repair Line 12|work=Expansión|date=26 October 2021|access-date=3 November 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027011815/https://obras.expansion.mx/infraestructura/2021/10/26/carso-destinara-800-millones-de-pesos-a-reparar-la-linea-12|archive-date=27 October 2021}} In November 2021, the company stated that it had subcontracted the {{nowrap|stud-welding}} company J. J. Jiménez, S. A. de C. V. in 2010, and that Carso had supervised the work through a verification system that assessed the welding of the studs, their alignment, and their final positions.{{cite web|url=https://aristeguinoticias.com/0311/dinero-y-economia/revelan-que-carso-subcontrato-a-empresa-para-fijar-los-pernos-en-la-linea-12-del-metro/|title=Revelan que Carso subcontrató a empresa para fijar los pernos en la Línea 12 del Metro|trans-title=It has been revealed that Carso subcontracted a company to fix the studs on Line 12 of the Metro|language=es|work=Aristegui Noticias|date=3 November 2021|access-date=3 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103180559/https://aristeguinoticias.com/0311/dinero-y-economia/revelan-que-carso-subcontrato-a-empresa-para-fijar-los-pernos-en-la-linea-12-del-metro/|archive-date=3 November 2021|url-status=live}}
By February 2022, 80 percent of those affected had received compensation from Carso as part of a deal stipulating that they would not pursue legal action or seek additional payments. This percentage increased to 90 percent by May 2022.{{cite web|url=https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/cdmx/2022/05/02/linea-12-del-metro-fiscalia-de-la-cdmx-pedira-imputacion-para-8-exfuncionarios-por-colapso/|title=Colapso en Línea 12 del Metro: Difieren audiencia de imputación a Enrique a Horcasitas|trans-title=Collapse of Line 12 of the Metro: Hearing to charge Enrique Horcasitas postponed|date=2 May 2022|first=David Saúl|last=Vela|language=es|access-date=5 May 2022|archive-date=3 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503024215/https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/cdmx/2022/05/02/linea-12-del-metro-fiscalia-de-la-cdmx-pedira-imputacion-para-8-exfuncionarios-por-colapso/|url-status=live}} Compensation amounts varied based on the severity of injuries, ranging from 450,000 to six million pesos (about US$21,600 to 290,000) for the families of deceased victims. Carso retained the right to seek reimbursement from those found legally responsible for the collapse and to take legal action against them.{{cite web|url=https://english.elpais.com/usa/2022-02-02/carlos-slims-company-pays-out-thousands-of-dollars-to-mexico-city-metro-tragedy-victims-to-prevent-further-lawsuits.html|title=Carlos Slim's company pays out thousands of dollars to Mexico City metro tragedy victims to prevent further lawsuits|first=Elías|last=Camhaji|date=31 January 2022|work=El País|url-access=limited|url-status=live|archive-date=4 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204071727/https://english.elpais.com/usa/2022-02-02/carlos-slims-company-pays-out-thousands-of-dollars-to-mexico-city-metro-tragedy-victims-to-prevent-further-lawsuits.html|translator-first=Melissa|translator-last=Kitson}}{{cite web|url=https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/politica/Linea-12-del-Metro-Cicsa-de-Slim-paga-miles-de-pesos-en-acuerdos-reparatorios-a-victimas-del-colapso-20220201-0053.html|title=Línea 12 del Metro: Cicsa de Slim paga miles de pesos en acuerdos reparatorios a víctimas del colapso|language=es|work=El Economista|date=1 February 2022|access-date=2 February 2022|trans-title=Line 12 of the Metro: Slim's Cicsa pays thousands of pesos in settlement agreements to victims of the collapse|url-status=live|archive-date=3 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203051127/https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/politica/Linea-12-del-Metro-Cicsa-de-Slim-paga-miles-de-pesos-en-acuerdos-reparatorios-a-victimas-del-colapso-20220201-0053.html}}{{cite web|url=https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/2022/1/31/empresa-de-slim-dara-hasta-mdp-familias-de-fallecidos-en-linea-12-no-podran-demandar-280062.html|title=Empresa de Slim dará hasta 6 mdp a familias de fallecidos en Línea 12; no podrán demandar|work=Proceso|language=es|date=31 January 2022|first=Sara|last=Pantoja|location=Mexico City|trans-title=Slim's company will pay up to 6 million pesos to the families of those who died in Line 12; they will not be able to file lawsuits|access-date=2 February 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=1 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201094103/https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/2022/1/31/empresa-de-slim-dara-hasta-mdp-familias-de-fallecidos-en-linea-12-no-podran-demandar-280062.html}} By February 2022, the remaining parties who had not accepted the compensation were pursuing legal action against Carso.{{cite web|url=https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/cdmx/2022/2/2/fiscal-llama-todas-las-victimas-de-la-linea-12-firmar-el-acuerdo-con-slim-280224.html|title=Fiscal llama a todas las víctimas de la Línea 12 a firmar el acuerdo con Slim|work=Proceso|language=es|date=2 February 2022|first=Sara|last=Pantoja|location=Mexico City|trans-title=Prosecutor calls on all victims of Line 12 to sign the agreement with Slim|access-date=2 February 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=3 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203051044/https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/cdmx/2022/2/2/fiscal-llama-todas-las-victimas-de-la-linea-12-firmar-el-acuerdo-con-slim-280224.html}}
Sheinbaum and Ebrard were both candidates for MORENA in the 2024 presidential election.{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210506-mexico-president-hits-back-at-critics-over-metro-crash|title=Mexico president hits back at critics over metro crash|date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210506153843/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210506-mexico-president-hits-back-at-critics-over-metro-crash|work=France 24|access-date=6 May 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=6 May 2021|location=Mexico City}} According to international journalists, the collapse could have impacted their presidential campaigns, as Ebrard oversaw the construction of Line 12, regarded as his signature infrastructure project, while Sheinbaum had over two years to address concerns about the line's condition and ensure its proper maintenance.{{r|WashingtonPost|france24|france24.politics}}
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com.mx/linea-12-puede-puede-colapsar-sin-mantenimiento-tso/|title=Línea 12 puede puede colapsar sin mantenimiento: TSO|trans-title=Line 12 can collapse without maintenance: TSO|location=Mexico City|work=Forbes México|date=7 April 2014|language=es}}
- {{cite web|url=https://obras.cdmx.gob.mx/comunicacion/nota/mexico-city-government-reports-technical-and-scientific-inconsistencies-found-phase-iii-report-submitted-dnv-metro-line-12|title=Mexico City Government Reports Technical and Scientific Inconsistencies Found In Phase III Report Submitted by DNV on Metro Line 12|date=11 May 2022|publisher=Government of Mexico City}}
- {{cite book|title=Línea 12: Crónica de una tragedia anunciada|trans-title=Line 12: Chronicle of a tragedy foretold|first=Icela|last=Lagunas|language=es|publisher=Planeta Group|date=November 2021|isbn=9786070781902}}
- {{cite web|url=https://elpais.com/mexico/2022-04-28/un-peritaje-presentado-por-victimas-del-desplome-de-la-linea-12-del-metro-apunta-a-fallas-en-el-diseno-la-construccion-y-el-mantenimiento.html|title=Un peritaje presentado por víctimas del desplome de la Línea 12 del metro apunta a fallas en el diseño, la construcción y el mantenimiento|trans-title=An expert report submitted by victims of the collapse of Metro Line 12 highlights flaws in design, construction and maintenance|work=El País|date=28 April 2022|first=Georgina|last=Zerega|language=es}} The article includes a 26-minute video featuring Tomás Andrade Ramos, an architectural engineer, who explains the structure's composition and the factors that contributed to the collapse.
External links
{{external media
| width = 150px
| video1 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20210506162946/https://video.twimg.com/amplify_video/1389433932819619842/vid/640x352/LTceNpAFaKGSNnbs.mp4 The collapse]
}}
- [https://transparencialinea12.cdmx.gob.mx/ Line 12 openness website] by the Government of Mexico City (in Spanish)
- [https://transparencialinea12.cdmx.gob.mx/storage/app/uploads/public/613/7ac/453/6137ac453d8bc829561096.pdf DNV's technical report of the accident], published by the Government of Mexico City (in Spanish)
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Category:2020s road incidents in North America
Category:2021 disasters in Mexico
Category:Bridge disasters in Mexico
Category:Building and structure collapses in 2021
Category:Building and structure collapses in Mexico
Category:Railway accidents and incidents in Mexico