:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey

File:PortAuthorityofNYandNJ logo - old.PNG

The Port of New York and New Jersey comprised the main point of embarkation for U.S. troops and supplies sent to Europe during World War I, via the New York Port of Embarkation. The congestion at the port led experts to realize the need for a port authority to supervise the extremely complex system of bridges, highways, subways, and port facilities in the New York-New Jersey area. The solution was the 1921 creation of the Port Authority under the supervision of the governors of the two states. By issuing its own bonds, it was financially independent of either state; the bonds were paid off from tolls and fees, not from taxes. It became one of the major agencies of the metropolitan area for large-scale projects.Thomas C. Cochran, "The City's Business," in "Allan Nevins and John A. Krout, eds. The Greater City New York 1898–1948 (1948) Early bond issues were tied to specific projects, but this changed in 1935 when the Authority issued General and Refunding bonds with a claim on its general revenues.{{cite book |title=Fifteenth Annual Report, December 31, 1935 |date=1936 |publisher=Port of New York Authority |pages=49–50 |url=https://corpinfo.panynj.gov/files/uploads/documents/financial-information/annual-reports/annual-report-1935.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://corpinfo.panynj.gov/files/uploads/documents/financial-information/annual-reports/annual-report-1935.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=September 9, 2019}}

In the early years of the 20th century, there were disputes between the states of New Jersey and New York over rail freights and boundaries. At the time, rail lines terminated on the New Jersey side of the harbor, while ocean shipping was centered on Manhattan and Brooklyn. Freight had to be shipped across the Hudson River in barges.{{cite book |title=Shipping and Ports in the Twenty-first Century |author=Rodrigue, Jean Paul |chapter=Chapter 4, Appropriate models of port governance Lessons from the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey |publisher=Routledge |year=2004}} In 1916, New Jersey launched a lawsuit against New York over issues of rail freight, with the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) issuing an order that the two states work together, subordinating their own interests to the public interest.{{cite book |last=Darton |first=Eric |title=Divided We Stand: A Biography of New York's World Trade Center |url=https://archive.org/details/dividedwestand00eric |url-access=registration |year=1999 |publisher=Basic Books |chapter=Chapter 1}} The Harbor Development Commission, a joint advisory board set-up in 1917, recommended that a bi-state authority be established to oversee efficient economic development of the port district.{{cite journal |author=Revell, Keith D. |title=Cooperation, Capture, and Autonomy: The Interstate Commerce Commission and the Port Authority in the 1920s |journal=Journal of Policy History |volume=12 |year=2000 |pages=177–214 |doi=10.1353/jph.2000.0014 | issue=2|doi-broken-date=November 21, 2024 |s2cid=154598389 }} The Port of New York Authority was established on April 30, 1921,{{cite web |url=http://www.panynj.gov/AboutthePortAuthority/HistoryofthePortAuthority/ |title=History of the Port Authority |publisher=PANYNJ |access-date=September 30, 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060929072442/http://www.panynj.gov/AboutthePortAuthority/HistoryofthePortAuthority/ |archive-date = September 29, 2006}} through an interstate compact between the states of New Jersey and New York. This was the first such agency in the United States, created under a provision in the Constitution of the United States permitting interstate compacts.{{cite book| last1=Broun| first1=Caroline N.| last2=Buenger| first2=Michael L.| last3=McCabe| first3=Michael H.| last4=Masters|first4=Richard L.| title=The evolving use and the changing role of interstate compacts: a practitioner's guide| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cSo3GgsJJKEC| format=Google books preview| access-date=September 20, 2011| year=2006| publisher=American Bar Association| location=Chicago| isbn=1-59031-643-6| page=368}} The idea for the Port Authority was conceived during the Progressive Era, which aimed at the reduction of political corruption and at increasing the efficiency of government. With the Port Authority at a distance from political pressures, it was able to carry longer-term infrastructure projects irrespective of the election cycles and in a more efficient manner.{{cite book |last=Doig |first=Jameson W. |title=Empire on the Hudson |url=https://archive.org/details/empireonhudson00jame |url-access=registration |year=2001 |publisher=Columbia University Press |chapter=Chapter 1}} In 1972 it was renamed the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey to better reflect its status as a partnership between the two states.

Throughout its history, there have been concerns about democratic accountability, or lack thereof at the Port Authority. The Port District is irregularly shaped but comprises a {{convert|1500|sqmi|km2|adj=on}} area roughly within a {{convert|25|mi|km|adj=on}} radius of the Statue of Liberty.

File:George Washington Bridge, HAER NY-129-68.jpg

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File:PONYA Inland Term 1 jeh.JPG, formerly the Inland Terminal Number One, in Manhattan (now owned by Google)]]

At the beginning of the 20th century, there were no road bridge or tunnel crossings between the two states. The initial tunnel crossings were completed privately by the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad in 1908 and 1909 ("Hudson Tubes"), followed by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1910 ("North River Tunnels"). Under an independent agency, the Holland Tunnel was opened in 1927, with some planning and construction pre-dating the Port Authority. With the rise in automobile traffic, there was demand for more Hudson River crossings. Using its ability to issue bonds and collect revenue, the Port Authority has built and managed major infrastructure projects. Early projects included bridges across the Arthur Kill, which separates Staten Island from New Jersey. The Goethals Bridge, named after chief engineer of the Panama Canal Commission General George Washington Goethals, connected Elizabeth, New Jersey and Howland Hook, Staten Island. At the south end of Arthur Kill, the Outerbridge Crossing was built and named after the Port Authority's first chairman, Eugenius Harvey Outerbridge.{{cite news |title=E. H. Outerbridge, Port Expert, Dies. Head of Export And Import Firm And Ex-Chairman of Port of New York Authority. Aided Major Harbor. Comprehensive Development Started in His Term Of Office twice. Chamber of Commerce Head. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1932/11/11/archives/e-h-outerbridge-port-expert-dies-i-head-of-export-and-import-firm.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 11, 1932 |page=19 |access-date=March 9, 2008 }} Construction of both bridges was completed in 1928. The Bayonne Bridge, opened in 1931, was built across the Kill van Kull, connecting Staten Island with Bayonne, New Jersey.{{cite book |last=Gillespie |first=Angus K. |title=Twin Towers: The Life of New York City's World Trade Center |url=https://archive.org/details/twintowerslifeof00gill |url-access=registration |year=1999 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |chapter=Chapter 1|isbn=978-0-8135-2742-0 }}

Construction began in 1927 on the George Washington Bridge, linking the northern part of Manhattan with Fort Lee, New Jersey, with Port Authority chief engineer, Othmar Ammann, overseeing the project. The bridge was completed in October 1931, ahead of schedule and well under the estimated costs. This efficiency exhibited by the Port Authority impressed President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who used this as a model in creating the Tennessee Valley Authority and other such entities.

In 1930, the Holland Tunnel was placed under the control of the Port Authority, providing significant toll revenues. The Port Authority also controlled the Lincoln Tunnel, connecting New Jersey and Midtown Manhattan. The Lincoln Tunnel opened in 1937 as a single-tube tunnel;{{Cite news |url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2018/New%20York%20NY%20Sun/New%20York%20NY%20Sun%201937/New%20York%20NY%20Sun%201937%20-%206601.pdf |title=Lincoln Tunnel Dedicated at Ceremony Here |date=December 21, 1937 |work=New York Sun |access-date=April 14, 2018 |pages=1, [http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252018%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Sun%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Sun%25201937%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Sun%25201937%2520-%25206623.pdf 23] |via=Fultonhistory.com}} a second tube opened in 1945,{{Cite news |url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252018%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Sun%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Sun%25201945%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Sun%25201945%2520a%2520-%25200769.pdf |title=Tunnel Opens On Schedule |date=February 1, 1945 |work=The New York Sun |access-date=April 14, 2018 |pages=13 |via=Fultonhistory.com}} and a third tube opened in 1957.{{cite news |title=3d Lincoln Tube Is Opened |first=Joseph C. |last=Ingraham |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/05/26/archives/3d-lincoln-tube-is-opened-big-test-due-over-holiday-new-roads-built.html |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=May 26, 1957 |page=1 |access-date=February 27, 2010}}

In 1962, the Port Authority absorbed the bankrupt Hudson & Manhattan Railroad and reorganized it as Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH).{{Cite news |last=Wright |first=George Cable |date=January 23, 1962 |title=2 States Agree On Hudson Tubes And Trade Center |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/01/23/archives/2-states-agree-on-hudson-tubes-and-trade-center-new-york-and-jersey.html |access-date=May 1, 2017 |issn=0362-4331}} As part of the deal, the Port Authority acquired the rights to build the original World Trade Center on the site of the old Hudson Terminal, one of two terminals in Manhattan for H&M/PATH.{{Cite news |last=Grutzner |first=Charles |date=December 29, 1961 |title=Port Unit Backs Linking Of H.&M. And Other Lines |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/12/29/archives/port-unit-backs-linking-of-h-m-and-other-lines-favors-plan-for.html |access-date=May 1, 2017 |issn=0362-4331}}

In 1942, Austin J. Tobin became the executive director of the Port Authority. In the post-World War II period, the Port Authority expanded its operations to include airports, and marine terminals, with projects including Newark Liberty International Airport and Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminals. Meanwhile, the city-owned La Guardia Field was nearing capacity in 1939 and needed expensive upgrades and expansion. At the time, airports were operated as loss leaders, and the city was having difficulties maintaining the status quo, losing money and unable to undertake needed expansions.{{cite news |url=http://www.gothamgazette.com/landuse/aug.02.shtml |title=Land Use |author=Lander, Brad |newspaper=Gotham Gazette |date=August 2002 |access-date=October 3, 2006}} The city was looking to hand the airports over to a public authority, possibly to Robert Moses' Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority. After long negotiations with the City of New York, a 50-year lease, commencing on May 31, 1947, went to the Port Authority of New York to rehabilitate, develop, and operate La Guardia Airport (La Guardia Field), John F. Kennedy International Airport (Idlewild Airport), and Floyd Bennett Field.{{cite news |title=NAME OF IDLEWILD TO BE CITY AIRPORT; Cullman Proposes the Change and O'Dwyer Promises His Aid in Making Shift ADDED PRESTIGE OBJECT Port Authority Head Turns Over to Mayor the Releases From 17 Old Contracts |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1947/05/30/archives/name-of-idlewild-to-be-city-airport-cullman-proposes-the-change-and.html |date=May 30, 1947 |page=23 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=July 18, 2010}} The Port Authority transformed the airports into fee-generating facilities, adding stores and restaurants.

{{Further|World Trade Center (1973–2001)}}

David Rockefeller, president of Chase Manhattan Bank, envisioned a World Trade Center for lower Manhattan. Realizing that he needed public funding in order to construct the massive project, he approached Tobin. Although many questioned the Port Authority's entry into the real estate market, Tobin saw the project as a way to enhance the agency's power and prestige, and agreed to the project. The Port Authority was the overseer of the World Trade Center, hiring the architect Minoru Yamasaki and engineer Leslie Robertson.

Yamasaki ultimately settled on the idea of twin towers. To meet the Port Authority's requirement to build {{convert|10|e6sqft|m2}} of office space, the towers would each be 110 stories tall. The size of the project raised ire from the owner of the Empire State Building, which would lose its title of tallest building in the world. Other critics objected to the idea of this much "subsidized" office space going on the open market, competing with the private sector. Others questioned the cost of the project, which in 1966 had risen to $575{{nbsp}}million. Final negotiations between The City of New York and the Port Authority centered on tax issues. A final agreement was made that the Port Authority would make annual payments in lieu of taxes, for the 40% of the World Trade Center leased to private tenants. The remaining space was to be occupied by state and federal government agencies. In 1962, the Port Authority signed the United States Customs Service as a tenant, and in 1964 they signed a deal with the State of New York to locate government offices at the World Trade Center.{{cite web |title=BIGGEST BUILDINGS IN WORLD TO RISE AT TRADE CENTER; Twin 1,350-Foot Towers to Be Surrounded by Plaza With Small Structures; GOVERNOR HAILS PLANS; Sees Construction, to End in '70, Taking Up Slack After Fair Is Finished |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/19/archives/biggest-buildings-in-world-to-rise-at-trade-center-twin-1350foot-to.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=November 2, 2022 |date=January 19, 1964}}

In August 1968, construction on the World Trade Center's north tower started, with construction on the south tower beginning in January 1969.{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/newyork/timeline/index.html |title=Timeline: World Trade Center chronology |publisher=PBS – American Experience |access-date=September 30, 2006 |archive-date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502225357/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/newyork/timeline/index.html |url-status=dead }} When the World Trade Center twin towers were completed, the total cost to the Port Authority had reached $900{{nbsp}}million.{{Cudahy-Hudson|page=56}} The buildings were dedicated on April 4, 1973, with Tobin, who had retired the year before, absent from the ceremonies.{{cite book |last=Darton |first=Eric |title=Divided We Stand: A Biography of New York's World Trade Center |url=https://archive.org/details/dividedwestand00eric |url-access=registration |year=1999 |publisher=Basic Books |chapter=Chapter 6}}

In 1986, the Port Authority sold rights to the World Trade Center name for $10 to an organization run by an outgoing executive, Guy F. Tozzoli. He in turn made millions of dollars selling the use of the name in up to 28 different states.{{cite news|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/ny-probes-rights-sold-world-trade-center|title=NY probes rights sale of World Trade Center name|agency=Associated Press|date=October 7, 2013|access-date=March 12, 2014|archive-date=March 13, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313015253/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/ny-probes-rights-sold-world-trade-center|url-status=dead}}

After the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, the Port Authority was sued by survivors of the attack for negligence in not making security upgrades to known flaws that could have prevented the attack. The Port Authority was ruled to be negligent.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/27/nyregion/port-authority-found-negligent-in-1993-bombing.html|title=Port Authority Found Negligent in 1993 Bombing|first=Anemona|last=Hartocollis|work=The New York Times|date=October 27, 2005|access-date=June 9, 2017}}

{{Further|September 11 attacks}}

File:World Trade Center, New York City - aerial view (March 2001).jpg (North Tower) (left)]]

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the subsequent collapse of the World Trade Center buildings impacted the Port Authority. With the Port Authority's headquarters located in 1 World Trade Center, it became deprived of a base of operations and sustained a great number of casualties. An estimated 1,400 Port Authority employees worked in the World Trade Center.{{cite news |title=A DAY OF TERROR: THE VICTIMS; Companies Scrambling to Find Those Who Survived, and Didn't |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/12/us/day-terror-victims-companies-scrambling-find-those-who-survived-didn-t.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 12, 2001 |author=Kifner, John |author2=Waldman, Amy |access-date=July 18, 2010}} Eighty-four employees, including 37 Port Authority police officers, its executive director, Neil D. Levin, and police superintendent, Fred V. Morrone, died.{{cite web|url=http://www.panynj.gov/AboutthePortAuthority/InvestorRelations/AnnualReport/pdfs/2002_Annual_Report.pdf |title=2002 Annual Report |publisher=PANYNJ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327024028/http://www.panynj.gov/AboutthePortAuthority/InvestorRelations/AnnualReport/pdfs/2002_Annual_Report.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2009 }} In rescue efforts following the collapse, two Port Authority police officers, John McLoughlin and Will Jimeno, were pulled out alive after spending nearly 24 hours beneath {{convert|30|ft|m}} of rubble.{{cite news|title=A DAY OF TERROR: THE HOPES; Survivors Are Found In the Rubble |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/12/us/a-day-of-terror-the-hopes-survivors-are-found-in-the-rubble.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 12, 2001 |author=Murphy, Dean E. |access-date=July 18, 2010}}{{cite news |title=AFTER THE ATTACKS: ALIVE; Entombed for a Day, Then Found |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/13/us/after-the-attacks-alive-entombed-for-a-day-then-found.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 13, 2001 |author=Filkins, Dexter |access-date=July 18, 2010}} Their rescue was later portrayed in the 2006 Oliver Stone film World Trade Center. Future Executive Director Christopher O. Ward was at the World Trade Center on 9/11, and is a survivor of the attack.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/07/nyregion/07ward.html|title = Port Authority, Often Tangled, Gets an Infusion of Philosophy|newspaper = The New York Times|date = July 7, 2008|last1 = Cardwell|first1 = Diane}} Ward was Chief of External Affairs & Director of Port Development under Neil Levin at the time. As the executive director from 2008 to 2011, he is credited with turning around Ground Zero construction and having the memorial ready for the 10th anniversary.Plotch, Philip M. and Jen Nelles, [https://www.press.umich.edu//12009801 Mobilizing the Metropolis: How the Port Authority Built New York] (University of Michigan Press, 2023){{Cite web|url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2011/01/29/911-museum-taking-shape-months-before-anniversary/|title=9/11 Museum Could be Ready Before 10th Anniversary of 9/11 Attacks|date=January 29, 2011}} A former attorney for the PANYNJ who worked on 9/11 related issues is now on the federal bench, Angel Kelley.{{Cite web|url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2021/09/15/angel-kelley-federal-bench-confirmation-massachuetts|title = Kelley Confirmed for Federal Judgeship in Mass| date=September 15, 2021 }}

{{Main|Fort Lee lane closure scandal}}

The Fort Lee lane closure scandal was a US political scandal that concerns New Jersey Governor Chris Christie's staff and his Port Authority political appointees conspiring to create a traffic jam in Fort Lee, New Jersey as political retribution, and their attempts to cover up these actions and suppress internal and public disclosures. Dedicated toll lanes for one of the Fort Lee entrances (used by local traffic from Fort Lee and surrounding communities) to the upper level on the George Washington Bridge, which connects to Manhattan, were reduced from three to one from September 9–13, 2013. The toll lane closures caused massive Fort Lee traffic back-ups, which affected public safety due to extensive delays by police and emergency service providers and disrupted schools due to the delayed arrivals of students and teachers. Two Port Authority officials (who were appointed by Christie and would later resign) claimed that reallocating two of the toll lanes from the local Fort Lee entrance to the major highways was due to a traffic study evaluating "traffic safety patterns" at the bridge, but the executive director of the Port Authority was unaware of a traffic study.{{cite news | first1 = Ted | last1 = Mann | first2=Heather | last2=Haddon | title = Bridge Jam's Cause a Mystery | date = September 17, 2013 | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/bridge-jams-cause-a-mystery-1379471038 | work = The Wall Street Journal | access-date = January 10, 2014 | url-access=subscription }}{{cite web|last=Baxter |first=Christopher |title=UPDATED: Timeline of Port Authority's George Washington Bridge controversy |url=http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2014/01/timeline_of_the_port_authoritys_george_washington_bridge_lane_closure_controversy.html |work=The Star-Ledger |access-date=January 11, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20140109215119/http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2014/01/timeline_of_the_port_authoritys_george_washington_bridge_lane_closure_controversy.html |archive-date=January 9, 2014 }}{{cite web |url=http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/bridge-somewhere |title=A Bridge to Somewhere |last1=Benen |first1=Steve |author-link1=Steve Benen|date=December 16, 2013 |publisher=MSNBC |access-date=December 16, 2013}}

{{As of|2014|03}}, the repercussions and controversy surrounding these actions continue to be under investigation by the Port Authority, federal prosecutors, and a New Jersey legislature committee. The Port Authority's chairman, David Samson, who was appointed by Governor Christie, resigned on March 28, 2014, amid allegations of his involvement in the scandal and other controversies.{{cite news|last=Santora|first=Marc|title=Port Authority Chairman Resigns, Christie Announces|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/29/nyregion/christie-press-conference-on-bridge-scandal.html|access-date=March 28, 2014|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 28, 2014}}

{{Further|Caren Turner}}

In April 2018, Caren Turner resigned from the Board of Commissioners after an ethics investigation revealed that her attempt to intervene in a traffic stop for her daughter included what the Port Authority described as "profoundly disturbing" conduct. New Jersey police released a videotape of her attempting to leverage her position at the Port Authority to intimidate police officers,{{cite news|title=Video shows Port Authority official who abruptly resigned cursing at officers|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/caren-turner-port-authority-new-york-new-jersey-video-cursing-police-officers/|access-date=April 26, 2018|work=CBS News|quote=Turner said. "You may shut the f--- up and not tell me when I may take my kid and her friends, who are PhD students from MIT and Yale.}}{{cite news|last1=Ted Sherman|title=Who is Caren Turner and why did she become the focus of a viral dashcam video?|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2018/04/who_is_caren_turner_and_how_did_she_become_the_sta.html|access-date=April 26, 2018|work=The Star-Ledger|date=April 25, 2018|quote=She dropped the F-bomb. She belittled police officers. And she flashed her Port Authority commissioner's badge.}} following a routine traffic stop of a vehicle in which her adult daughter was a passenger.{{cite web|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2018/04/port_authority_commissioner_abruptly_resigns_in_wa.html|title=Port Authority cites 'profoundly disturbing' conduct in resignation of commissioner|publisher=NorthJersey.com|author=Ted Sherman|date=April 23, 2018|access-date=April 23, 2018}}{{cite web|title=Video shows Port Authority commissioner telling cops: 'You may shut the f--- up!'|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2018/04/watch_video_shows_pa_commissioner_telling_cops_to.html|work=The Star-Ledger|date=April 24, 2018|access-date=April 26, 2018}} Her case was referred to New Jersey's Ethics Commission.{{cite news|last1=Ted Sherman|title=New video of Caren Turner at Tenafly police station surfaces. This time she didn't drop names|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2018/04/another_video_of_caren_turner_this_time_at_police.html|access-date=May 3, 2018|work=The Star-Ledger|date=April 27, 2018|quote=The matter was also referred to the state Ethics Commission.}}

In May 2024, the Authority transferred ownership of the Brooklyn Port Authority Marine Terminal & Red Hook Container Terminal to the City of New York in exchange for ownership of the Howland Hook Marine Terminal on Staten Island.{{Cite web |title=PORT AUTHORITY BOARD AUTHORIZES FULL AGENCY OWNERSHIP OF HOWLAND HOOK MARINE TERMINAL TO EXPAND CARGO OPERATIONS AND GENERATE ECONOMIC GROWTH ON STATEN ISLAND |url=https://www.panynj.gov/port-authority/en/press-room/press-release-archives/2024-Press-Releases/port-authority-board-authorizes-full-agency-ownership-of-howland.html |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=www.panynj.gov |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=NYCEDC Announces Brooklyn Marine Terminal Task Force Appointees to Serve Alongside Rep. Dan Goldman, State Senator Andrew Gounardes, Council Member Alexa Aviles {{!}} NYCEDC |url=https://edc.nyc/press-release/nycedc-announces-brooklyn-marine-terminal-task-force-appointees-serve-alongside-rep |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=edc.nyc |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Mayor Adams, Governor Hochul, NYCEDC, and Port Authority Announce Plan to Transform Brooklyn Marine Terminal With Investment in 122-Acre Brooklyn Waterfront, Support Future Growth of Howland Hook Marine Terminal {{!}} NYCEDC |url=https://edc.nyc/press-release/city-announces-investments-to-transform-and-modernize-brooklyn-marine-terminal |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=edc.nyc |language=en}}

File:Holland tunnel toll booth.jpg

The Port Authority is jointly controlled by the governors of New York and New Jersey, who appoint the members of the agency's Board of Commissioners and retain the right to veto the actions of the commissioners from their own state.{{cite web|title=Governance – Corporate Information – Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|url=http://www.panynj.gov/corporate-information/governance.html|publisher=PANYNJ|access-date=March 29, 2014}} Each governor appoints six members to the Board of Commissioners, who are subject to state senate confirmation and serve overlapping six-year terms without pay. An executive director is appointed by the board of commissioners to deal with day-to-day operations and to execute the Port Authority's policies. Under an informal power-sharing agreement, the governor of New Jersey chooses the chairman of the board and the deputy executive director, while the governor of New York selects the vice chairman and executive director.{{cite news|title=The Port Authority Loses Its Way|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/18/opinion/the-port-authority-loses-its-way.html|access-date=March 29, 2014|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 17, 2014}}{{cite news|title=Christie probe report urges Port Authority revamp |url=https://online.wsj.com/article/AP4f75571c62ec43cf87d74c8b2e6c6474.html |access-date=March 29, 2014 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=March 27, 2014 |agency=Associated Press|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328061753/http://online.wsj.com/article/AP4f75571c62ec43cf87d74c8b2e6c6474.html |archive-date=March 28, 2014}}

The Port Authority is headquartered at 4 World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan."[http://www.panynj.gov/contact/contact-us.html Contact Us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210150357/http://www.panynj.gov/contact/contact-us.html |date=December 10, 2019 }}." Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Retrieved on January 5, 2019. "The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Corporate Offices 4 World Trade Center 150 Greenwich Street New York, NY 10007" The agency was headquartered at 1 World Trade Center in the first World Trade Center complex,"[https://web.archive.org/web/20010207193053/http://panynj.gov/abframe.HTM About]." Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. February 7, 2001. Retrieved on January 5, 2019. "Mailing Address: The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey 67 West # 1 World Trade Center New York, NY 10048" where it occupied {{convert|22411|sqft|sqm}} of space."[http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/trade.center/tenants1.html List of World Trade Center tenants Tower 1]." CNN. Retrieved on January 6, 2019. "Tenant Port Authority of New York & New Jersey SF leased 22,411" It had been headquartered in the WTC complex beginning in 1973. After the previous headquarters were destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks, the Port Authority moved into 225 Park Avenue South in Midtown Manhattan,{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/05/nyregion/with-newfound-understatement-port-authority-returns-to-trade-center-site.html|author=Dunlap, David W.|title=With Newfound Modesty, Port Authority Returns to the World Trade Center|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 4, 2015|access-date=January 5, 2019|quote=After 14 years near Union Square, the agency's headquarters have returned to a spot at the World Trade Center, where they had been from 1973 until Sept. 11, 2001.[...]the interim board room at 225 Park Avenue South, at East 18th Street.}} with employees divided between offices in New York and New Jersey,{{cite news|author=Lueck, Thomas J.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/26/nyregion/for-now-port-authority-to-keep-offices-out-of-lower-manhattan.html|title=For Now, Port Authority to Keep Offices Out of Lower Manhattan|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 26, 2001|access-date=January 6, 2019}} before returning to the World Trade Center in 2015.

Financially, the Port Authority has no power to tax and does not receive tax money from any local or state governments. Instead, it operates on the revenues it makes from its rents, tolls, fees, and facilities.{{cite web|url=http://www.panynj.gov/AboutthePortAuthority/Governance/ |title=Governance|publisher=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|access-date=September 28, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080714211343/http://www.panynj.gov/AboutthePortAuthority/Governance/ |archive-date = July 14, 2008}}

Meetings of the Board of Commissioners are public. Members of the public may address the Board at these meetings, subject to a prior registration process via email.{{cite web|url=http://www.panynj.gov/corporate-information/board-information.html |title=Board Information – Public Reporting – Corporate Information – Port Authority of New York & New Jersey |publisher=PANYNJ |access-date=August 8, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728043034/https://www.panynj.gov/corporate-information/board-information.html |archive-date=July 28, 2012 }} Public records of the Port Authority may be requested via the Office of the Secretary according to an internal Freedom of Information policy which is intended to be consistent with and similar to the state Freedom of Information policies of both New York and New Jersey.{{cite web|url=http://www.panynj.gov/corporate-information/pdf/Freedom-of-Information-Policy-and-Procedure.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=March 16, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327123408/http://www.panynj.gov/corporate-information/pdf/Freedom-of-Information-Policy-and-Procedure.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2013 }}

Members of the Board of Commissioners are typically business titans and political power brokers who maintain close relationships with their respective governors. On February 3, 2011, former New Jersey Attorney General David Samson was named the new chairman of the Port Authority by New Jersey Governor Chris Christie.{{cite news|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/pa_gets_new_chairman_e9sFBMlHOTpu6XJKlsyUgL|title=PA Gets New Chairman|work=New York Post|access-date=February 4, 2011|first=Tom|last=Namako|date=February 4, 2011}} Gov. Christie announced Samson's resignation in March 2016, a casualty of investigations into the "Bridgegate" scandal.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/29/nyregion/christie-press-conference-on-bridge-scandal.html|title=Port Authority Official Is Out Amid Scandal Over Shut Lanes|work=The New York Times|access-date=November 26, 2016|first=Kate|last=Zernike|date=March 28, 2016}} Basil Paterson, father of former Governor David Paterson, served on the board from 1989 to 1995, and again from 2013 to 2014.{{Cite web|url=https://www.msek.com/news/basil-paterson-named-port-authority-commissioner/|title=Basil Paterson Named Port Authority Commissioner}}

The current commissioners are:

File:Journal Square Transport bldg jeh.JPG in Jersey City, New Jersey]]

On July 14, 2016, David Samson pleaded guilty to a felony for conspiring to impede an airport project to coerce United Airlines to reinstate a discontinued flight to an airport in South Carolina, near a home that he owned.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/06/nyregion/david-samson-bribery-port-authority-new-jersey.html|title = David Samson, a Christie Ally, is Sentenced to Home Confinement|newspaper = The New York Times|date = March 6, 2017|last1 = McGeehan|first1 = Patrick}} He was appointed by Chris Christie.

• Eugenius Harvey Outerbridge, 1921–1924{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVWSpqwqX8AC&pg=PR12|title=Empire on the Hudson: Entrepreneurial Vision and Political Power at the Port of New York Authority|isbn=978-0-231-07676-0|last1=Doig|first1=Jameson W.|year=2001|publisher=Columbia University Press }}
• Julian Gregory, 1924–1926
• George Sebastian Silzer, 1926–1928
• John F. Galvin, 1928–1933
• Frank C. Ferguson, 1934–1945
• Howard S. Cullman, 1945–1955
• Donald V. Lowe, 1955–1959
• S. Sloan Colt, 1959–1968
• James C. Kellogg III, 1968–1974
• William Ronan, 1974–1977
• Alan Sagner, 1977–1985
• Philip D. Kaltenbacher, 1985–1990
• Richard Leone, 1990–1994
• Kathleen Donovan, 1994–1995
• Lewis Eisenberg, 1995–2001{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_w1MCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT479|title = One World Trade Center: Biography of the Building|isbn = 978-0-316-35359-5|last1 = Dupré|first1 = Judith|date = April 26, 2016| publisher=Little, Brown }}
• Jack Sinagra, 2001–2003
• Anthony R. Coscia, 2003–2011
• David Samson, 2011–2014
• John J. Degnan, 2014–2017
• Kevin J. O'Toole, 2017–present

File:Usports tonnage.svg and South Louisiana handling more. In 2020, it was overtaken by the Port of Corpus Christi.{{Cite web |title=Tonnage of Top 50 U.S. Water Ports, Ranked by Total Tons |url=https://www.bts.gov/content/tonnage-top-50-us-water-ports-ranked-total-tons |access-date=June 14, 2023 |website=Bureau of Transportation Statistics}}]]

File:Line3174 - Shipping Containers at the terminal at Port Elizabeth, New Jersey - NOAA.jpg Container terminal at Port Elizabeth]]

File:Airtrain.jpg at Newark Liberty International Airport]]

The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey manages and maintains infrastructure critical to the New York/New Jersey region's trade and transportation network—five of the region's airports, the New York/New Jersey seaport, the PATH rail transit system, six tunnels and bridges between New York and New Jersey, the Port Authority Bus Terminal and George Washington Bridge Bus Station in Manhattan and The World Trade Center site.{{cite web|url=http://www.panynj.gov/about/facilities-services.html|title=Facilities and Services|publisher=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|access-date=February 10, 2014}}

{{Main|Port of New York and New Jersey}}

The Port of New York and New Jersey is the largest port complex on the East Coast of North America. In 2021, Port Authority seaports handled the fourth largest amount of shipping among U.S. ports, measured in total tonnage.{{Cite web |title=Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center: CY 2021 waterborne tonnage by state |url=https://usace.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16021coll2/id/12755 |access-date=June 15, 2023 |website=Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers}} As of August 2022, the Port Authority led the country when considering only containers and not bulk materials such as petroleum and grain.{{Cite web |last=LaRocco |first=Lori Ann |date=September 24, 2022 |title=New York is now the nation's busiest port in a historic tipping point for U.S.-bound trade |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/24/new-york-now-no-1-port-in-us-as-sea-change-in-trade-hits-west-coast.html |access-date=June 15, 2023 |website=CNBC |language=en}}

The Port Authority operates the following seaports:

• Port Jersey Marine Terminal in Bayonne and Jersey City
• Howland Hook Marine Terminal on Staten Island
• Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal in Newark and Elizabeth, the first in the nation to containerize.{{cite book |last=Doig |first=Jameson W. |title=Empire on the Hudson |year=2001 |publisher=Columbia University Press |chapter=Epilogue | url = https://archive.org/details/empireonhudson00jame|url-access=registration |quote=Hudson Division Public Service Railway new jersey. | isbn=978-0-231-50125-5 }}

The Port Authority operates the ExpressRail rail services within the seaport area, including dockside trackage and railyards for transloading. It interchanges with Conrail Shared Assets Operations (CRCX) on the Chemical Coast Secondary, Norfolk Southern (NS), CSX Transportation (CSX), and Canadian Pacific (CP).{{cite news | title = Local Rail | publisher = PANYNJ | url = http://www.panynj.gov/about/pdf/cpip/CPIP_Toolkit/Toolkit_Ch_11.pdf | access-date = December 11, 2014 | archive-date = September 24, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064039/http://www.panynj.gov/about/pdf/cpip/CPIP_Toolkit/Toolkit_Ch_11.pdf | url-status = dead }}{{cite web | title = The Port Authority ExpressRail System | publisher = PANYNJ | url = http://www.panynj.gov/port/express-rail.html | access-date = December 9, 2014}} From January through October 2014 the system handled 391,596 rail lifts.{{cite web | title = Loaded Containers in TEUs and Total ExpressRail Lifts by Month | publisher = PANYNJ | date = October 2014 | url = http://www.panynj.gov/port/monthly-loaded-containers.html | access-date = December 9, 2014}} As of 2014, three ExpressRail systems (Elizabeth, Newark, Staten Island) were in operation with the construction of a fourth at Port Jersey underway.

The Port Authority has operated New York New Jersey Rail, LLC (NYNJ), since its acquisition in 1962. It serves as a switching and terminal railroad operating a car float operation across Upper New York Bay between the Greenville Yard in Jersey City and Brooklyn.

The Port Authority operates the following airports:

• Atlantic City International Airport, (Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey) (performs select management duties)
• John F. Kennedy International Airport (Queens, New York)
• LaGuardia Airport (Queens, New York)
• Newark Liberty International Airport (Newark and Elizabeth, New Jersey)
• Stewart International Airport, (Newburgh, New York)
• Teterboro Airport (Teterboro, New Jersey)

Both Kennedy and LaGuardia airports are owned by the City of New York and leased to the Port Authority for operating purposes. Newark Liberty is owned by the cities of Elizabeth and Newark and is also leased to the Authority. In 2007, Stewart International Airport, owned by the State of New York, was leased to the Port Authority. The Port Authority officially took over select management functions of the Atlantic City International Airport on July 1, 2013, in conjunction with the South Jersey Transportation Authority, which leases the airport site from the FAA.[http://www.njtvonline.org/njtoday/video/port-authority-to-take-over-operations-of-ac-international-airport/ Port Authority To Take Over Operations of AC International Airport] (Retrieved NJTV New Jersey Public Television)[http://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/news/press/atlantic/port-authority-gains-approval-to-run-atlantic-city-international-airport/article_ff183570-c89f-11e2-a469-001a4bcf887a.html Port Authority gains approval to run Atlantic City International Airport] (Retrieved Press of Atlantic City)

JFK, LaGuardia, and Newark Liberty as a whole form the largest airport system in the United States, second in the world in terms of passenger traffic, and first in the world by total flight operations, with JFK being the 19th busiest in the world and the 6th busiest in the U.S.

The Authority operated the Downtown Manhattan Heliport (Manhattan, New York) until the lease expired in August 2007{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/28/nyregion/28heli.html|title=Economic Development Corporation Is Seeking New Heliport Manager|first=Patrick|last=McGeehan|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 28, 2007}} but continued to operate it until the next lessee took over. The Authority had operated the other heliports in Manhattan but gave up leases for all of them over the years.

The Port Authority manages every crossing between New York City and New Jersey, which include the George Washington Bridge, the Lincoln Tunnel, and the Holland Tunnel, which all connect Manhattan and Northern New Jersey, as well as the Goethals Bridge, the Bayonne Bridge, and the Outerbridge Crossing, which connect Staten Island and New Jersey. They also maintain many entrances approaches to these crossings, such as the GWB Plaza and Lincoln Tunnel Helix.

File:PATH Kawasaki 5602c.jpg]]

The Port Authority operates the PATH rapid transit system linking lower and midtown Manhattan with New Jersey, the AirTrain Newark system linking Newark International Airport with NJ Transit and Amtrak via a station on the Northeast Corridor rail line, and the AirTrain JFK system linking JFK with the Howard Beach subway station and the Jamaica subway and Long Island Rail Road stations.

Major bus depots include the Port Authority Bus Terminal at 42nd Street, the George Washington Bridge Bus Station, and the Journal Square Transportation Center in Jersey City.

The PANYNJ is a major stakeholder in the Gateway Program.{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/12/nyregion/corporation-to-oversee-new-hudson-rail-tunnel-with-us-and-amtrak-financing-half.html |title=Corporation to Oversee New Hudson Rail Tunnel, With U.S. and Amtrak Financing Half |last=Fitzsimmons |first=Emma G. |date=November 11, 2015 |website=The New York Times |access-date=March 22, 2017}} The program will upgrade the Northeast Corridor by building two new tunnels under the Hudson River paralleling the existing North River Tunnels, as well as connecting infrastructure.{{cite news|url=https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/NJ%20Portal%20North%20Bridge%20PD%20profile_0.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/NJ%20Portal%20North%20Bridge%20PD%20profile_0.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|title=Portal North Bridge Project Hudson County, New Jersey New Starts Project Development Information|date=June 2016|access-date=December 10, 2016|publisher=FTA}}

The Port Authority also owns and operates a network of shuttle buses on its airport properties. As of 2017, the agency operates 23 Orion buses at Newark Airport, 7 at LaGuardia Airport, and 40 at JFK Airport, all purchased in 2007 and 2009.{{cite web |url=https://corpinfo.panynj.gov/documents/18567-O/ |title=18567-O |author=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey |access-date=February 23, 2020 |date=November 27, 2017}}

The Port Authority also participates in joint development ventures around the region, including the Teleport business park on Staten Island, Bathgate Industrial Park in the Bronx, the Industrial Park at Elizabeth, the Essex County Resource Recovery Facility, Newark Legal Center, Queens West in Long Island City, and the South Waterfront in Hoboken. However, by April 2015, the agency was considering divesting itself of the properties to raise revenue and return to the core mission of supporting transportation infrastructure.{{cite web|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2015/04/8_properties_the_port_authority_hopes_to_turn_into_billions_of_dollars.html|title=8 properties the Port Authority hopes to turn into billions of dollars|website=NJ.com|date=April 16, 2015}}

The Port Authority has always owned the 16-acre World Trade Center land, both the old WTC and the new WTC. However, some of the office space on the old complex and in the new one have been leased, managed, or built by Silverstein Properties, notablly 3 World Trade Center (2018){{Cite web |last=Nelson |first=Tim |date=2018-05-29 |title=How the World Trade Center Led Lower Manhattan's Renaissance |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/3-world-trade-center-silverstein-lower-manhattan-renaissance |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=Architectural Digest |language=en-US}} and 7 World Trade Center (1987 and 2006 respectfully).

File:LowerManhattanSept2013.png in 2013]]

File:Oculus World Trade Center - August 18 2016.jpg

{{Further|One World Trade Center}}

Major projects by the Port Authority include One World Trade Center and other construction at the World Trade Center complex. Other projects include a new passenger terminal at JFK International Airport, and redevelopment of Newark Liberty International Airport's Terminal B, and replacement of the Goethals Bridge.{{cite web|url=http://panynj.gov/AboutthePortAuthority/InvestorRelations/AnnualReport/pdfs/2005_Annual_Report.pdf |title=2005 Annual Report |publisher=PANYNJ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060930095503/https://www.panynj.gov/AboutthePortAuthority/InvestorRelations/AnnualReport/pdfs/2005_Annual_Report.pdf |archive-date=September 30, 2006 }} The Port Authority also has plans to buy 340 new PATH cars and begin major expansion of Stewart International Airport.

As owner of the World Trade Center complex, the Port Authority has worked since 2001 on plans for reconstruction of the site, along with Silverstein Properties, and the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation. In 2006, the Port Authority reached a deal with Larry Silverstein, which ceded control of One World Trade Center to the Port Authority.{{cite news |url=http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/jersey/index.ssf?/base/news-4/1158903656159810.xml&coll=1 |title=Deal puts Freedom Tower in P.A. control |author=Marsico, Ron |newspaper=The Star-Ledger |location=Newark |date=September 22, 2006 |access-date=October 16, 2006 |archive-date=February 21, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221072255/http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/jersey/index.ssf?/base/news-4/1158903656159810.xml&coll=1 |url-status=dead }} The deal gave Silverstein rights to build three towers along the eastern side of the site, including 150 Greenwich Street, 175 Greenwich Street, and 200 Greenwich Street. Also part of the plans was the World Trade Center Transportation Hub, which opened in March 2016 and replaced the temporary PATH station that opened in November 2003.{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/the-new-world-center-transportation-hub-2016-3|title=New York City's $4 billion World Trade Center Transportation Hub is finally open to the public – take a look inside|work=Business Insider|access-date=October 15, 2018}}

The Port Authority began construction of a new terminal at Newark Airport in June 2017. The new facility will replace Terminal A and will open in 2022.{{cite web |last=Yi |first=Karen |title=Newark Airport's $2.7B terminal overhaul will make flying easier for millions |website=The Star-Ledger |date=January 30, 2019 |url=http://www.nj.com/essex/index.ssf/2018/02/newark_airport_terminal_a_new_terminal_one_develop.html}} The PATH's Newark–World Trade Center train route is planned to be extended from its terminus at Newark Penn Station to a new Newark Liberty International Airport Station.[http://corpinfo.panynj.gov/files/uploads/documents/financial-information/budget-capital-plan/Proposed_Capital_Plan_2017-2026_HZ1oF7A.pdf PANYNJ Proposed Capital Plan 2017–2026] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625175727/http://corpinfo.panynj.gov/files/uploads/documents/financial-information/budget-capital-plan/Proposed_Capital_Plan_2017-2026_HZ1oF7A.pdf |date=June 25, 2021 }}, page 38 January 11, 2017{{cite web |url=http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/17/04/30/what-s-the-plan-for-path-service-to-newark-liberty-airport/ |title=What's the Plan for PATH Service to Newark Liberty Airport?|website=NJ Spotlight |date=May 2017|access-date=October 4, 2017}} The PANYNJ announced in March 2023 that it was deferring funding for the Newark Airport extension to a future capital plan.{{cite web | last=Higgs | first=Larry | title=New rail station to be built ahead of delayed PATH Newark Airport extension | website=nj | date=March 14, 2023 | url=https://www.nj.com/news/2023/03/new-rail-station-to-be-built-ahead-of-delayed-path-newark-airport-extension.html | access-date=March 14, 2023}}

Another Port Authority project involves redeveloping LaGuardia Airport, replacing three existing terminals with a single terminal.{{cite report |first=Dan |last=Tishman |title=A 21st Century Airport for the State of New York: The New LaGuardia |date=July 27, 2015 |publisher=Airport Advisory Panel, The State of New York |display-authors=etal |url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/sites/governor.ny.gov/files/atoms/files/Airport_Advisory_Panel_Final_Report_LGA.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.governor.ny.gov/sites/governor.ny.gov/files/atoms/files/Airport_Advisory_Panel_Final_Report_LGA.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live |format=PDF Governor's Office |access-date=August 27, 2015}} Terminal B would be demolished and terminals C and D would be merged.{{cite web|url=http://ny.curbed.com/2016/6/14/11938312/new-york-laguardia-airport-overhaul-begins|title=New looks at LaGuardia Airport's $4B, '21st-century' revamp|last=Plitt|first=Amy|date=June 14, 2016|website=Curbed NY|access-date=October 5, 2016}}{{cite press release |author=Governor's Press Office |title=Governor Cuomo Unveils Vision For Transformative Redesign of LaGuardia Airport |date=July 27, 2015 |location=Albany, New York |publisher=New York State |url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-unveils-vision-transformative-redesign-laguardia-airport |access-date=August 27, 2015 |archive-date=August 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829084758/http://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-unveils-vision-transformative-redesign-laguardia-airport |url-status=dead }} Some {{convert|2|mi}} of additional taxiways are to be built, and transportation around the terminals would be reorganized. The redevelopment is expected to cost $7.6{{nbsp}}billion in total. Construction started in 2016, and the first part of the new terminal opened in 2021, with completion in 2026. As part of the reconstruction, the AirTrain LGA people mover system was to have been built between the airport and Willets Point, Queens.{{cite web|last1=Grynbaum|first1=Michael M.|title=Cuomo Wants Elevated Train Link Built to Ill-Served La Guardia Airport|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/21/nyregion/cuomo-proposes-train-link-to-la-guardia-airport.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=July 9, 2015|date=January 20, 2015}} The AirTrain was supposed to start construction in 2020 and be completed by 2022,{{cite web | last=Stabile | first=Tom | title=LaGuardia Shoehorns $8B Megaproject at Busy Site | website=Engineering News-Record | date=July 10, 2018 | url=https://www.enr.com/articles/44829-laguardia-shoehorns-8b-megaproject-at-busy-site | access-date=October 15, 2018}} but the project was canceled in March 2023 after several years of delays.{{Cite news |last=McGeehan |first=Patrick |date=March 13, 2023 |title=Plans to Build AirTrain to La Guardia Are Officially Scrapped |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/13/nyregion/laguardia-lga-airtrain.html |access-date=March 31, 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}

The Port Authority is also planning to redevelop the entirety of John F. Kennedy International Airport, replacing four existing terminals with two new terminals at a cost of $11{{nbsp}}billion. Roadway access, as well as train capacity on the AirTrain JFK, would be expanded.{{cite web |title=New looks at JFK Airport's forthcoming $13B overhaul |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2018/10/4/17937028/jfk-airport-renovation-expansion-nyc-cuomo-renderings |website=Curbed NY |date=October 4, 2018 |access-date=October 5, 2018}}{{cite web | title=Cuomo's $13 Billion Solution to the Mess That Is J.F.K. Airport | website=The New York Times | date=October 4, 2018 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/04/nyregion/jfk-airport-cuomo.html | access-date=October 5, 2018}}{{cite web |title=Cuomo: JFK Airport renovation includes central hub, 2 new terminals |work=Newsday |url=https://www.newsday.com/news/new-york/jfk-airport-renovation-new-terminals-1.21473621 |access-date=October 5, 2018 }} Under the plan, the first gates would open in 2023, and the project would be complete in 2025.{{cite web |title=Governor Cuomo Announces $13 Billion Plan to Transform JFK into a World-Class 21st Century Airport |url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-announces-13-billion-plan-transform-jfk-world-class-21st-century-airport |website=governor.ny.gov |publisher=Government of New York |access-date=October 5, 2018 |date=October 4, 2018 |archive-date=October 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004224706/https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-announces-13-billion-plan-transform-jfk-world-class-21st-century-airport |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |last1=Rivoli |first1=Dan |title=Kennedy Airport to get $13 billion renovation and two new terminals |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-metro-jfk-renovation-cuomo-20181004-story.html |website=Daily News|date=October 4, 2018 |location=New York |access-date=October 5, 2018}} Work on a new Terminal 1 began in 2022,{{cite news|title= JFK Airport's New Terminal 1 Breaks Ground Following Years-Long Pause on Project|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/jfk-airports-new-terminal-1-breaks-ground-following-years-long-pause-on-project/3857541/|first=Andrew |last=Siff|work=NBC New York|date=September 8, 2022 |access-date=September 9, 2022}} and work on Terminal 6 began in early 2023.{{cite web | title=First phase of Terminal 6 project at Kennedy Airport begins | website=CBS News | date=February 23, 2023 | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/terminal-6-project-kennedy-airport/ | access-date=April 17, 2023}} In addition, Terminal 4 was expanded.{{cite web |last=Parsons |first=Jim |date=February 17, 2020 |title=Just Approved $3.8B Terminal Expansion Adds to JFK Airport Upgrade |url=https://www.enr.com/articles/48706-jfk-airport-upgrade-continues-with-approval-of-38-billion-terminal-expansion?v=preview |access-date=June 18, 2020 |website=Enr.com |language=en}}

{{Main|Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Police Department}}

The Port Authority has its own police department. In 2001, the department employed approximately 4,000 police officers and supervisors who had full police status in the states of New York and New Jersey.{{cite web | title=Port Authority Police | publisher=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) | date=September 11, 2001 | url=http://www.panynj.gov/police/about-police.html | access-date=June 23, 2014}}

• 111 Eighth Avenue, formerly known as the Commerce Building of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
• Mass transit in New York City
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• New York City Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings (OATH), for hearings conducted on summonses for NYC Taxi and Limousine Commission rules and regulations violations

{{reflist}}

• Ballon, Hilary, Robert Moses and the Modern City: The Transformation of New York (NY: Norton, 2007).
• Betts, Mary Beth. The New York waterfront: evolution and building culture of the port and harbor. (Ed. Kevin Bone. Monacelli Press, 1997)
• Doig, Jameson W. Empire on the Hudson: Entrepreneurial vision and political power at the Port of New York Authority (Columbia University Press, 2013)
• Doig, Jameson W. "Regional conflict in the New York metropolis: the legend of Robert Moses and the power of the Port Authority." Urban Studies 27.2 (1990): 201–232.
• Doig, Jameson W. "Expertise, Politics, and Technological Change The Search for Mission at the Port of New York Authority." Journal of the American Planning Association 59.1 (1993): 31–44.
• Jackson, Kenneth T. and Hillary Ballon, eds. Robert Moses and the Modern City: The Transformation of New York (W. W. Norton, 2007)
• Plotch, Philip M. and Jen Nelles, [https://www.press.umich.edu//12009801 Mobilizing the Metropolis: How the Port Authority Built New York] (University of Michigan Press, 2023)
• {{cite report | author = The Special Panel on the Future of the Port Authority for The Governors of New York and New Jersey | title = Keeping the region moving | publisher = Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) | date = December 26, 2014 | url = http://dng.northjersey.com/media_server/tr/2014/12/Special-Panel-Report.pdf | access-date = December 28, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141229012536/http://dng.northjersey.com/media_server/tr/2014/12/Special-Panel-Report.pdf | archive-date = December 29, 2014 | url-status = dead }}

{{Commons}}

• {{Official website}}
• [https://govt.westlaw.com/nycrr/Browse/Home/NewYork/NewYorkCodesRulesandRegulations?guid=Ie87b8be0ba4a11dd9bf3e2db84ad02c5&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default) The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey] in the New York Codes, Rules and Regulations
• {{cite web | title=History of the Port Authority | publisher=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey | date=September 11, 2001 | url=http://www.panynj.gov/about/history-port-authority.html }}
• {{cite news | title=Map Showing the Comprehensive Plan of the Port Authority | work=The New York Times | date=January 1, 1922 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1922/01/01/archives/map-showing-the-comprehensive-plan-of-the-port-authority.html }}

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