:Takamatsu

Takamatsu is located in central Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku. The city is located in the Takamatsu Plain, which is part of the Sanuki Plain, and is occupied by a gentle slope as a whole. The northern part faces the Seto Inland Sea, forming a semicircular urban area centered on Takamatsu Port and Takamatsu New Port (commonly known as Shinminato).The western part of the city consists of an alluvial fan formed by the sedimentation of the Koto River. The eastern part is a flooded plain formed by the Kasuga River and Shinkawa River. In the northeastern part of the island, there is Yashima, a table-shaped plateau protruding into the Seto Inland Sea, which was the site of the Battle of Yashima in the Genpei War, and Cape Takei, the northernmost tip of the main island of Shikoku. Parts of the city are located within the borders of the Setonaikai National Park. The city area also includes a number of small inhabited islands in the Seto Inland Sea.

Kagawa Prefecture

• Ayagawa
• Honnō
• Miki
• Sakaide
• Sanuki

Tokushima Prefecture

• Mima

Takamatsu has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with hot, humid summers, and cool winters. Some rain falls throughout the year, but the months from May to September have the heaviest rain.

{{Weather box

|width=auto

|collapsed = Y

|single line = Y

|metric first = Y

|location = Takamatsu (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1941−present)

|Jan record high C = 18.9

|Feb record high C = 24.0

|Mar record high C = 26.2

|Apr record high C = 30.9

|May record high C = 32.6

|Jun record high C = 36.5

|Jul record high C = 38.2

|Aug record high C = 38.6

|Sep record high C = 37.6

|Oct record high C = 34.0

|Nov record high C = 26.9

|Dec record high C = 21.2

|Jan record low C = -7.7

|Feb record low C = -6.0

|Mar record low C = -4.4

|Apr record low C = -2.4

|May record low C = 2.8

|Jun record low C = 7.5

|Jul record low C = 15.3

|Aug record low C = 15.8

|Sep record low C = 9.4

|Oct record low C = 2.0

|Nov record low C = -1.8

|Dec record low C = -5.3

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 39.4

|Feb precipitation mm = 45.8

|Mar precipitation mm = 81.4

|Apr precipitation mm = 74.6

|May precipitation mm = 100.9

|Jun precipitation mm = 153.1

|Jul precipitation mm = 159.8

|Aug precipitation mm = 106.0

|Sep precipitation mm = 167.4

|Oct precipitation mm = 120.1

|Nov precipitation mm = 55.0

|Dec precipitation mm = 46.7

|year precipitation mm = 1150.1

|Jan mean C = 5.9

|Feb mean C = 6.3

|Mar mean C = 9.4

|Apr mean C = 14.7

|May mean C = 19.8

|Jun mean C = 23.3

|Jul mean C = 27.5

|Aug mean C = 28.6

|Sep mean C = 24.7

|Oct mean C = 19.0

|Nov mean C = 13.2

|Dec mean C = 8.1

|year mean C = 16.7

|Jan high C = 9.7

|Feb high C = 10.5

|Mar high C = 14.1

|Apr high C = 19.8

|May high C = 24.8

|Jun high C = 27.5

|Jul high C = 31.7

|Aug high C = 33.0

|Sep high C = 28.8

|Oct high C = 23.2

|Nov high C = 17.5

|Dec high C = 12.1

|year high C = 21.1

|Jan low C = 2.1

|Feb low C = 2.2

|Mar low C = 5.0

|Apr low C = 9.9

|May low C = 15.1

|Jun low C = 19.8

|Jul low C = 24.1

|Aug low C = 25.1

|Sep low C = 21.2

|Oct low C = 15.1

|Nov low C = 9.1

|Dec low C = 4.3

|year low C = 12.8

|Jan humidity = 63

|Feb humidity = 63

|Mar humidity = 62

|Apr humidity = 62

|May humidity = 64

|Jun humidity = 72

|Jul humidity = 73

|Aug humidity = 70

|Sep humidity = 72

|Oct humidity = 70

|Nov humidity = 69

|Dec humidity = 66

|year humidity = 67

|Jan sun = 141.4

|Feb sun = 143.8

|Mar sun = 175.0

|Apr sun = 194.5

|May sun = 210.1

|Jun sun = 158.2

|Jul sun = 191.8

|Aug sun = 221.2

|Sep sun = 159.6

|Oct sun = 164.6

|Nov sun = 145.5

|Dec sun = 142.7

|year sun = 2046.5

|Jan snow cm = 0

|Feb snow cm = 1

|Mar snow cm = 0

|Apr snow cm = 0

|May snow cm = 0

|Jun snow cm = 0

|Jul snow cm = 0

|Aug snow cm = 0

|Sep snow cm = 0

|Oct snow cm = 0

|Nov snow cm = 0

|Dec snow cm = 0

|year snow cm = 1

|unit precipitation days = 0.5 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 7.5

|Feb precipitation days = 8.0

|Mar precipitation days = 10.8

|Apr precipitation days = 10.1

|May precipitation days = 9.4

|Jun precipitation days = 11.5

|Jul precipitation days = 10.5

|Aug precipitation days = 7.9

|Sep precipitation days = 10.5

|Oct precipitation days = 9.3

|Nov precipitation days = 7.8

|Dec precipitation days = 7.9

|year precipitation days = 111.3

|source 1 = Japan Meteorological Agency{{cite web

| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/index.php?prec_no=72&block_no=47891&year=&month=&day=&view=

|script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）

| publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency

| access-date = May 19, 2021}}

}}

{{Weather box

|width=auto

|collapsed = Y

|location = Kōnan, Takamatsu (2003−2020 normals, extremes 2003−present)

|single line = Y

|metric first = Y

|Jan record high C = 16.6

|Feb record high C = 22.8

|Mar record high C = 25.3

|Apr record high C = 29.6

|May record high C = 31.9

|Jun record high C = 34.8

|Jul record high C = 36.8

|Aug record high C = 37.8

|Sep record high C = 35.5

|Oct record high C = 31.9

|Nov record high C = 26.5

|Dec record high C = 19.4

|Jan record low C = -5.6

|Feb record low C = -5.5

|Mar record low C = -3.6

|Apr record low C = -1.1

|May record low C = 2.9

|Jun record low C = 9.7

|Jul record low C = 16.3

|Aug record low C = 15.9

|Sep record low C = 11.0

|Oct record low C = 4.6

|Nov record low C = -0.4

|Dec record low C = -4.9

|Jan high C = 8.2

|Feb high C = 9.3

|Mar high C = 13.1

|Apr high C = 18.8

|May high C = 23.7

|Jun high C = 26.4

|Jul high C = 30.2

|Aug high C = 31.7

|Sep high C = 27.5

|Oct high C = 21.9

|Nov high C = 16.3

|Dec high C = 10.5

|Jan mean C = 4.1

|Feb mean C = 4.9

|Mar mean C = 8.0

|Apr mean C = 13.3

|May mean C = 18.3

|Jun mean C = 21.8

|Jul mean C = 25.6

|Aug mean C = 26.7

|Sep mean C = 22.8

|Oct mean C = 17.3

|Nov mean C = 11.8

|Dec mean C = 6.5

|Jan low C = 0.4

|Feb low C = 0.7

|Mar low C = 3.0

|Apr low C = 7.9

|May low C = 13.0

|Jun low C = 17.7

|Jul low C = 22.0

|Aug low C = 22.8

|Sep low C = 19.1

|Oct low C = 13.3

|Nov low C = 7.7

|Dec low C = 2.7

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 41.0

|Feb precipitation mm = 54.8

|Mar precipitation mm = 84.8

|Apr precipitation mm = 77.8

|May precipitation mm = 105.5

|Jun precipitation mm = 160.7

|Jul precipitation mm = 193.2

|Aug precipitation mm = 150.1

|Sep precipitation mm = 214.4

|Oct precipitation mm = 148.4

|Nov precipitation mm = 64.4

|Dec precipitation mm = 59.0

|year precipitation mm = 1353.9

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 6.6

|Feb precipitation days = 8.4

|Mar precipitation days = 10.1

|Apr precipitation days = 9.8

|May precipitation days = 8.3

|Jun precipitation days = 11.1

|Jul precipitation days = 10.5

|Aug precipitation days = 8.7

|Sep precipitation days = 10.2

|Oct precipitation days = 8.5

|Nov precipitation days = 8.0

|Dec precipitation days = 7.9

|source 1 = Japan Meteorological Agency{{cite web

| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=72&block_no=1475&year=&month=&day=&view=h0

|script-title=ja:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）

| publisher = JMA

| access-date = April 24, 2022}}{{cite web

| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=72&block_no=1475&year=&month=&day=&view=h0

|script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）

| publisher = JMA

| access-date = April 24, 2022}}}}

Per Japanese census data, the population of Takamatsu in 2020 is 417,496 people. Takamatsu has been conducting censuses since 1920.

{{Historical populations

| 1920 | 186,963

| 1925 | 199,141

| 1930 | 213,001

| 1935 | 222,545

| 1940 | 219,082

| 1945 | 246,809

| 1950 | 269,159

| 1955 | 284,684

| 1960 | 295,178

| 1965 | 307,549

| 1970 | 327,170

| 1975 | 360,024

| 1980 | 386,547

| 1985 | 401,020

| 1990 | 406,853

| 1995 | 412,626

| 2000 | 416,680

| 2005 | 418,125

| 2010 | 419,429

| 2015 | 420,748

| 2020 | 417,496

|align = none

|cols = 1

|footnote = Takamatsu population statistics[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/japan/kagawa/ Takamatsu population statistics]

}}

The area of Takamatsu was part of ancient Sanuki Province. During the Heian and Kamakura period, as the closest port to Honshu from Shikoku island, the area was a transportation center and gateway for pilgrims to the Kotohira Shrine. During the Sengoku period, Ikoma Chikamasa suit the first Takamatsu Castle in 1588. In 1642, Matsudaira Yorishige, the son of Tokugawa Yorifusa of Mito Domain and grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu, was awarded the 120,000 koku Takamatsu Domain, which his descendants would continue to rule until the Meiji restoration.{{cite book |last1=Nakayama |first1=Yoshiaki |title=江戸三百藩大全 全藩藩主変遷表付 |date=2015 |publisher=Kosaido Publishing |isbn= 978-4331802946}}{{in lang|ja}}

Following the Meiji restoration, the city of Takamatsu was created with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on February 15, 1890. The castle tower formerly used as the symbol of the city was destroyed during the Meiji period. The city borders expanded in several iterations by the annexation on neighboring villages and towns. During World War II, Takamatsu was selected as a target by the United States' XXI Bomber Command because the city was an important focal point of Shikoku's rail and road transit systems, and containing some industry vital to supporting the war effort. On July 3, 1945, at 6:40 pm (JST) 128 B-29 Superfortress bombers dropped over 800 tons of incendiary bombs on Takamatsu, destroying 78% of the built-up areas of the city and killing 1359 people.{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/61702152/21st-Bomber-Command-Tactical-Mission-Report-247-250-Ocr|title = 21st Bomber Command Tactical Mission Report 247, 250, Ocr | Aviation | Armed Conflict}}

The city quickly recovered after the war, and its borders continued to expand. On April 1, 1999, it was designated a core city with increased local autonomy.

On September 26, 2005, the town of Shionoe (from Kagawa District) was merged into Takamatsu. On January 10, 2006, Takamatsu absorbed the following towns: Aji and Mure (from Kita District), Kagawa and Kōnan (from Kagawa District), and Kokubunji (from Ayauta District).

Takamatsu has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 40 members. Takamatsu contributes 15 members to the Kagawa Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is divided between Kagawa 1st district and Kagawa 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

The Shinwa-kai yakuza syndicate is based in Takamatsu. The Shinwa-kai is the only designated yakuza group based in the Shikoku region.[https://www.npa.go.jp/hakusyo/r03/pdf/10_dai3sho.pdf "2021 Police White Paper Chapter 2 : Furtherance of Organized Crime Countermeasures"], 2021, National Police Agency {{in lang|ja}}

In October 2017, Japan Today reported five people received minor injuries when a wild boar entered a local Aeon mall.[https://japantoday.com/category/national/5-injured-after-wild-boar-goes-on-rampage-through-kagawa-mall "5 injured after wild boar goes on rampage through Kagawa mall], 2007, Japan Today {{in lang|en}}

File:Takamatsu Symbol Tower M3446.jpg

Takamatsu is the largest municipality in Shikoku and is a city with a large concentration of nationwide companies' branch offices, which play a large role in its economy. It also contains most of the national government's branch offices for Shikoku. In 2004, construction of the Symbol Tower, the new symbol of Takamatsu, was completed. The Symbol Tower is in the Sunport area of the city. The Symbol Tower is the tallest building in Takamatsu, and is right next to another tall building The JR Clement Hotel (formerly the ANA Clement Hotel), which is also part of the Sunport complex. Sunport Takamatsu is also connected to the ports of Takamatsu.

Companies headquartered in the city include:

• Shikoku Railway Company"[http://www.jr-shikoku.co.jp/04_company/company/gaiyou.shtm Company Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324005655/http://www.jr-shikoku.co.jp/04_company/company/gaiyou.shtm |date=2010-03-24 }}." Shikoku Railway Company. Retrieved on March 27, 2010.
• Shikoku Shimbun
• Tadano"[http://www.tadano.com/company/coprofile/index.html Corporate Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000853/http://www.tadano.com/company/coprofile/index.html |date=2016-03-04 }}." Tadano. Retrieved on April 15, 2015.

Takamatsu has 48 public elementary schools, 22 public middle schools and one public high school operated by the city government. The city has eight public high schools and one combined middle/high school operated by the Kagawa Prefectural Board of Education. There are also two private combined middle/high schools, seven private high schools and one national elementary, one national middle and one national high school. The Kagawa Prefectural government also operates three special education schools for the handicapped.

• Kagawa Prefectural College of Health Sciences
• Kagawa University
• Takamatsu University

The main train station is Takamatsu Station, operated by JR Shikoku. Trains from here run to destinations around Shikoku, as well as Okayama Station on Honshū via the Seto-Ōhashi Bridge. The private Kotoden railway connects much of Takamatsu, with a hub and department store at Kawaramachi Station, and Takamatsu-Chikko Station nearby Takamatsu Station. Buses and trains operated by Kotoden accept a contactless payment card for travel called an IruCa.{{cite web|url=http://www.reviewmylife.co.uk/blog/2009/12/21/takamatsu-japan-what-to-do-there/ |title=Takamatsu Japan, what to do there |date=20 December 2009 |access-date=2010-03-13}}

• Takamatsu Airport

22 px Shikoku Railway Company - Yosan Line

• {{STN|Takamatsu|x|Kagawa}} - {{STN|Kōzai|x}} - {{STN|Kinashi|x}} - {{STN|Hashioka|x}} - {{STN|Kokubu|x|Kagawa}}

22 px Shikoku Railway Company - Kōtoku Line

• {{STN|Sanuki-Mure|x}} - {{STN|Yakuriguchi|x}} - {{STN|Furutakamatsu-Minami|x}} - {{STN|Yashima|x|Kagawa}} - {{STN|Kitachō|x}} - {{STN|Ritsurin|x}} - {{STN|Ritsurin-Kōen-Kitaguchi|x}} - {{STN|Shōwachō|x|Kagawa}} - {{STN|Takamatsu|x|Kagawa}}

20px Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad - Kotoden Kotohira Line

• {{STN|Takamatsu-Chikkō|x}}- {{STN|Kataharamachi|x|Kagawa}} - {{STN|Kawaramachi|x|Kagawa}} - {{STN|Ritsurin-Kōen|x}} - {{STN|Sanjō|x|Kagawa}} - {{STN|Fuseishi|x}} - {{STN|Ōta|x|Kagawa}} - {{STN|Busshōzan|x}} - {{STN|Kūkō-dōri|x}} - {{STN|Ichinomiya|x}} - {{STN|Enza|x}} - {{STN|Okamoto|x|Kagawa}}

20px Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad - Kotoden Nagao Line

• ({{STN|Takamatsu-Chikkō|x}} - {{STN|Kataharamachi|x|Kagawa}}) - {{STN|Kawaramachi|x|Kagawa}} - {{STN|Hanazono|x|Kagawa}} - {{STN|Hayashimichi|x}} - {{STN|Kita-Higashiguchi|x}} - {{STN|Motoyama|x|Takamatsu}} - {{STN|Mizuta|x}} - {{STN|Nishi-Maeda|x}} -{{STN|Takata|x|Kagawa}}

20px Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad - Kotoden Shido Line

• {{STN|Kawaramachi|x|Kagawa}} - {{STN|Imabashi|x}} - {{STN|Matsushima-Nichōme|x}} - {{STN|Oki-Matsushima|x}} - {{STN|Kasugagawa|x}} - {{STN|Katamoto|x}} - {{STN|Kotoden-Yashima|x}} - {{STN|Furu-Takamatsu|x}} - {{STN|Yakuri|x}} - {{STN|Rokumanji|x}} - {{STN|Ōmachi|x|Kagawa}} - {{STN|Yakuri-Shinmichi|x}} - {{STN|Shioya|x|Kagawa}} - {{STN|Fusazaki|x}} - {{STN|Hara|x|Kagawa}}

• File:JP Expressway E11.svg Takamatsu Expressway
• {{jct|country=JPN|Route|11}}
• {{jct|country=JPN|Route|30}}
• {{jct|country=JPN|Route|32}}
• {{jct|country=JPN|Route|193}}
• {{jct|country=JPN|Route|377}}
• {{jct|country=JPN|Route|436}}
• {{jct|country=JPN|Route|492}}

• Port of Takamatsu

• Ritsurin Garden, a Japanese garden designated as a Special Place of Scenic Beauty by the Japanese government
• Takamatsu Castle is known for using seawater in its moat and recently the old keep of the castle was successfully restored and opened for public viewing.{{Cite web |script-title=ja:高松城天守閣復元|url = http://www.takamatsujyo.com/tensyukaku.htm|website = www.takamatsujyo.com|access-date = 2016-01-19}}
• Yashima plateau which is home to various sightseeing spots. At the base of the mountain is the open air museum Shikoku Mura where aspects of regional history and culture are exhibited. On the mountain itself is Yashima-ji, number 84 of the Shikoku pilgrimage. At the top of the mountain there is also an observation deck which offers views across the Seto Inland Sea.
• Takamatsu also acts as a hub to access various islands of the Seto Inland Sea. These include, Megijima, Ogijima, Naoshima, Teshima and Shōdoshima. Since 2010, Takamatsu, along with these islands and more, has been host to the Setouchi Triennale, a contemporary art festival with many outdoor exhibitions by prominent artists from across the world.

• Kagawa Five Arrows (Basketball, B.League)
• Kagawa Ice Fellows (Ice Hockey)
• Kagawa Olive Guyners (Baseball)
• Kamatamare Sanuki (Football)

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Japan}}

Takamatsu is twinned with:

• {{flagicon|US}} St. Petersburg, United States{{cite web | title=St. Petersburg | url=http://www.city.takamatsu.kagawa.jp/english/profile/st-petersburg/ | publisher=Takamatsu city | access-date=2009-05-26 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611035610/http://www.city.takamatsu.kagawa.jp/english/profile/st-petersburg/ | archive-date=2009-06-11 }}
• {{flagicon|FRA}} Tours, France{{cite web | title=Tours | url=http://www.city.takamatsu.kagawa.jp/english/profile/tours/ | publisher=Takamatsu city | access-date=2009-05-26 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611035615/http://www.city.takamatsu.kagawa.jp/english/profile/tours/ | archive-date=2009-06-11 }}

Takamatsu has friendship arrangements with:

• {{flagicon|PRC}} Nanchang, China, since 1990{{cite web | title=Nanchang | url=http://www.city.takamatsu.kagawa.jp/english/profile/nanchang/ | publisher=Takamatsu city | access-date=2009-05-26 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611035555/http://www.city.takamatsu.kagawa.jp/english/profile/nanchang/ | archive-date=2009-06-11 }}{{cite web|url=http://english.nc.gov.cn/aboutnanchang/sistercity/|title=Nanchang City and Sister Cities Intercommunion|access-date=2013-11-05|work=Nanchang Municipal Party Committee of the CPC and Nanchang Municipal Government|publisher=Nanchang Economic Information Center|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522211744/http://english.nc.gov.cn/aboutnanchang/sistercity/|archive-date=2013-05-22}}

File:Shikokumura27s3200.jpg]]

• Takamatsu is the main setting for Haruki Murakami's novel Kafka on the Shore.
• The naval commander Tameichi Hara, born in Takamatsu in 1900, recounts his childhood there in the memoir Japanese Destroyer Captain.{{cite book| last = Hara| first = Tameichi| author-link = Tameichi Hara| year = 1961| chapter = Born A Samurai| title = Japanese Destroyer Captain| publisher = Ballantine Books| location = New York & Toronto| isbn = 978-1-59114-354-3| oclc = 255849609}}
• Takamatsu is the main setting for the manga and anime Poco's Udon World.

The following politicians, celebrities, and other well-known people are from Takamatsu (listed alphabetically by surname):

• Ema Fujisawa (actor, born 1982)
• Shinichiro Furumoto (politician, born 1956)
• Yoshihiro Hamaguchi (Olympic athlete, 1926–2011)
• Takuya Hirai (politician, born 1958)
• Ikuko Kawai (musician and composer, born 1968)
• Kan Kikuchi (writer and publisher, 1888–1948)
• Akiko Kinouchi (actor, born 1981)
• Makoto Kitano (soccer player, born 1967)
• Kenji Kobayashi (shogi player, born 1957)
• Akihito Kondo (baseball player, 1938–2019)
• Yasuhiro Konishi (karateka, 1893–1983)
• Bukichi Miki (politician, 1884–1956)
• Ryuki Miki (tennis player, 1904–1967)
• Lu Wanyao (golfer, born 1996)
• Yoshiro Maeda (mixed martial artist, born 1981)
• Shigeru Makino (baseball player, 1928–1984)
• Ryuya Matsumoto (baseball player, born 1994)
• Kojin Nakakita (sledge hockey coach, born 1963)
• Futoshi Nakanishi (baseball player, born 1933)
• Kiyotaka Nanbara (comedian and TV personality, born 1965)
• Ayano Ninomiya (violinist, born 1971)
• Tetsuya Noguchi (artist, born 1980)
• Junya Ogawa (politician, born 1971)
• Kentaro Sonoura (politician, born 1972)
• Mikuru Suzuki (darts player, born 1982)
• Midori Tatematsu (musician, born 1988)
• Daisuke Tsuda (singer and drummer, born 1977)
• Ayako Uehara (pianist, born 1980)
• Emiko Uematsu (politician, born 1967)
• Satoru Uyama (fencer, born 1991)

{{Portal|Japan}}

• Busshozan
• Yashima, Kagawa

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.city.takamatsu.kagawa.jp Takamatsu City official website] {{in lang|ja}}
• [https://www.art-takamatsu.com/ Experience Takamatsu-Sense of Wonder-] － Official account of Takamatsu city about tourism.
• {{osmrelation-inline|4051287}}
• {{Wikivoyage inline|Takamatsu}}
• {{Commons category-inline|Takamatsu, Kagawa}}

{{Kagawa}}

{{Metropolitan cities of Japan}}

{{Most populous cities in Japan}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities in Kagawa Prefecture

Category:Port settlements in Japan

Category:Populated coastal places in Japan