Login
Login

1290

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}

{{About year|1290}}

{{more citations needed|date=August 2017}}

{{Year nav|1290}}

{{C13 year in topic}}

File:Andreas III Litho.JPG (r. 1290–1301)]]

Year 1290 (MCCXC) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

Events

= By place =

== Europe ==

  • July 10 – King Ladislaus IV of Hungary ("the Cuman") is assassinated at the castle of Körösszeg (modern Romania). He is succeeded by Andrew III ("the Venetian"), after an election by Hungarian nobles, who is crowned by Archbishop Lodomer as new ruler of Hungary and Croatia in Székesfehérvár on July 23.{{cite book |last=Engel |first=Pál |year=2001 |title=The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526 |publisher= I.B. Tauris Publishers |isbn=1-86064-061-3|page=110}}{{cite book |last1=Bartl |first1=Július |last2=Čičaj |first2=Viliam |last3=Kohútova |first3=Mária |last4=Letz |first4=Róbert |last5=Segeš |first5=Vladimír |last6=Škvarna |first6=Dušan |year=2002|title=Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon |publisher= Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Slovenské Pedegogické Nakladatel'stvo |isbn=0-86516-444-4 |page=34}}
  • December 18 – King Magnus III of Sweden ("Birgersson") dies after a 15-year reign. He is succeeded by his 10-year-old son Birger ("Magnusson"). Although, Sweden is an elective monarchy, Birger had already been appointed heir to the throne in 1284.

== Britain ==

  • July 18 – Edict of Expulsion: King Edward I of England ("Longshanks") orders all Jews (at this time probably numbering around 2,000) to leave the country by November 1 (All Saints' DayMundill, Robin R. (2002). England's Jewish Solution: Experiment and Expulsion, 1262-1290. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-52026-6}}.). The edict was decreed on Tisha B'Av on the Hebrew calendar, a day that commemorates many calamities. They are eventually allowed back in 1656.
  • September – The 7-year-old Margaret, Maid of Norway, queen-designate and heir to the crown of Scotland, dies en route to the British Isles in Orkney, leading to thirteen competitors for the crown of Scotland, a succession crisis.
  • November 28 – Eleanor of Castile, wife of Edward I, dies while traveling in the North. She has been suffering from illness for some time, and the cold and dampness of the winter months probably aggravate her condition.
  • December – Edward I travels with the body of Queen Eleanor from Lincoln to London. Remembering his wife, Edward erects a series of crosses at each location that the body rests overnight. These are known as the twelve Eleanor crosses.
  • Winter – The second of the Statutes of Mortmain passed during the reign of Edward I prevents land from passing into the possession of the Church.
  • Quia Emptores, a statute passed by Edward I, puts an end to the practice of subinfeudations. The statute allows land to be sold according to royal approval, as long as the new owner answers directly to his lord or the king.

== Levant ==

  • June – Genoa concludes a new commercial treaty with the Mamluks; five galleys sent by King James II of Aragon ("the Just") join the Venetian Crusader fleet (some 20 ships) on its way to Acre. On board the fleet are Italian urban militias and mercenary forces under Seneschal Jean I de Grailly, who have fought for the Papal States in the so-called Italian Crusades.David Nicolle (2005). Osprey: Acre 1291 - Bloody sunset of the Crusader states, p. 49. {{ISBN|978-1-84176-862-5}}.
  • August – Italian Crusaders massacre Muslim merchants and peasants, and some local Christians in Acre. Some claim it began at a drunken party – others that a European husband found his wife making love to a Muslim. The barons and local knights try to rescue a few Muslims and take them to the safety of the castle, while some ringleaders are arrested.Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 343. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.
  • August 30 – Survivors and relatives of the massacre at Acre take bloodstained clothing to Sultan Qalawun ("the Victorious") in Cairo, who demands that the leaders of the riot be handed over for trial, but the nobles refuse to send them and Qalawun now obtains legal clearance from the religious authorities in Cairo to break the truce with Crusader states.David Nicolle (2005). Osprey: Acre 1291 - Bloody sunset of the Crusader states, p. 52. {{ISBN|978-1-84176-862-5}}.
  • October – Qalawun orders a general mobilization of the Mamluk forces. In a council, it is decided that a peace delegation be sent to Cairo under Guillaume de Beaujeu, Grand Master of the Knights Templar. However, Qalawun demands huge compensation for those killed in Acre, and sends a Syrian army to the coast of Palestine, near Caesarea.Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 343. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.
  • November 10 – Qalawun ("the Victorious") dies as the Egyptian Mamluk army sets out for Acre. He is succeeded by his eldest son Al-Ashraf Khalil as ruler of the Mamluk Sultanate. Khalil orders his allies and tributaries in Syria to prepare for a campaign next spring. Governors and castle commanders are ordered to assemble siege equipment and armor.Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 344. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.

== Asia ==

= By topic =

== Art and Culture ==

  • June 8 – Beatrice Portinari, muse of the Italian poet Dante Alighieri, dies in Florence. In his Divine Comedy (La Divina Commedia), he transforms his memory of Beatrice into an allegory of divine love.Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 151. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.

== Climate and Weather ==

  • "Year without winter" – An exceptionally rare instance of uninterrupted transition, from autumn to the following spring, in England and the mainland of Western Europe.Kington, J. Climate and Weather. HarperCollins Publishers, 2010.

== Education ==

== Literature ==

Births

Deaths

References

{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1290}}