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1347

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{{C14 year in topic}}Year 1347 (MCCCXLVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, and a common year starting on Sunday of the Proleptic Gregorian calendar.

Events

= January–December =

Asia

= Western Asia =

The Mamluk Empire is hit by the plague in the autumn.Watts, Sheldon. Epidemics and History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. {{ISBN|0-300-08087-5}} pp. 25–26 Baghdad is hit in the same year.Miller, Edward. The Cambridge Economic History of Europe. Cambridge: U.P, 1987. {{ISBN|0-521-08709-0}} pp. 461

= South Asia =

After years of resistance against the Delhi Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq, the Bahmani Kingdom, a Muslim Sultanate in the Deccan, was established on August 3, when King Ala-ud-din Hasan Bahman Shah was crowned in a mosque in Daulatabad.{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bahmani-sultanate|website=www.Britannica.com|title=Bahmani Sultanate|author=Maren Goldberg and Thinley Kalsang Bhutia|year=2016|access-date=19 October 2022}} Later in the year, the Kingdom's capital was moved from Daulatabad to the more central Gulbarga.{{ISBN|0-7614-7635-0}} pp. 335Britannica, Encyclopedia et al. Students' Britannica India. New Delhi: Encyclopædia Britannica (India), 2000. {{ISBN|0-85229-760-2}} pp. 149 Southeast Asia suffered a drought which dried up an important river which ran through the capital city of the Kingdom of Ayodhya, forcing the King to move the capital to a new location on the Lop Buri River.Van Beek, Steve and Luca Invernizzi. The Arts of Thailand. Berkeley: Periplus Editions, 1999. {{ISBN|962-593-262-3}} pp. 139

Europe

= Eastern and Scandinavian =

File:Doutielt3.jpg bury plague victims. Miniature from "The Chronicles of Gilles Li Muisis" (1272-1352). Bibliothèque royale de Belgique, MS 13076-77, f. 24v.]]

On February 2 the Byzantine Empire's civil war between John VI Kantakouzenos and the regency ended with John VI entering Constantinople. On February 8, an agreement was concluded with the empress Anna of Savoy, whereby he and John V Palaiologos would rule jointly. The agreement was finalized in May when John V married Kantakouzenos' 15-year-old daughter. The war had come at a high cost economically and territorially, and much of the Empire was in need of rebuilding.Mango, Cyril. The Oxford History of Byzantium. Oxford Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 2002. {{ISBN|0-19-814098-3}} pp. 267 To make matters worse, in May Genoese ships fleeing the Black Death in Kaffa stopped in Constantinople. The plague soon spread from their ships to the city.Benedictow, Ole and Ole Benedictow. The Black Death, 1346–1353. Ipswich: Boydell Press, 2004. {{ISBN|0-85115-943-5}} pp. 51–54 By autumn, the epidemic had spread throughout the Balkans, possibly through contact with Venetian ports along the Adriatic Sea.Benedictow, Ole and Ole Benedictow. The Black Death, 1346–1353. Ipswich: Boydell Press, 2004. {{ISBN|0-85115-943-5}} pp. 74 Specific cases were recorded in the northern Balkans on December 25, in the city of Split.Benedictow, Ole and Ole Benedictow. The Black Death, 1346–1353. Ipswich: Boydell Press, 2004. {{ISBN|0-85115-943-5}} pp. 75

After being proclaimed Tsar of Serbia in the previous year by the newly promoted Serbian Patriarch Joanikije II, Stefan Dušan continued his southern expansion by conquering Epirus, Aetolia and Acarnania, appointing his half-brother, despot Simeon Uroš as governor of those provinces.

= Central =

On May 20 Cola di Rienzo, a Roman commoner, declared himself Emperor of Rome in front of a huge crowd in response to what had been several years of power struggles among the upper-class barony. Pope Clement VI, along with several of Rome's upper-class nobility, united to drive him out of the city in November.Garwood, Duncan. Lonely Planet Rome: City Guides. Hawthorn: Lonely Planet Publications, 2006. {{ISBN|1-74059-710-9}} pp. 70 In October, Genoese ships arrived in southern Italy with the Black Plague, beginning the spread of the disease in the region.Corporation, Marshall. Exploring the Middle Ages. New York (Box 410: Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2006. {{ISBN|0-7614-7615-6}} pp. 99

Jews were first accused of ritual murders in Poland in 1347.Weinryb, Bernard. The Jews of Poland. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1973. {{ISBN|0-8276-0016-X}} pp. 27 Casimir III of Poland issues Poland's first codified collection of laws after the diet of Wiślica. Separate laws are codified for greater and lesser Poland.Fisher, HH. America and the New Poland. City: Fisher Press, 2007. {{ISBN|1-4067-5084-0}} pp. xvMorfill, William. Poland. London: T. F. Unwin, 1893. {{ISBN|0-8369-9919-3}} pp. 42

= Western Europe =

In the continuing Hundred Years' War, the English won the city of Calais in a treaty signed in September. In a meeting with the Estates General in November, the French King Phillip was told that in the recent war efforts they had "lost all and gained nothing."Fraioli, Deborah. Joan of Arc and the Hundred Years War. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2005. {{ISBN|0-313-32458-1}} pp. 106 Phillip, however, was granted a portion of the money he requested and was able to continue his war effort.Neillands, Robin. The Hundred Years War. New York: Routledge, 1990. {{ISBN|0-415-07149-6}} pp. 109–110 The English King Edward offered Calais a package of economic boosts which would make Calais the key city connecting England with France economically.Corfis, Ivy and Michael Wolfe. The Medieval City under Siege. Ipswich: Boydell Press, 1999. {{ISBN|0-85115-756-4}} pp. 55 Edward returned to England at that height of his popularity and power and for six months celebrated his successes with others in the English nobility. Although the Kingdom's funds were largely pushed towards the war, building projects among the more wealthy continued, with, for example, the completion of Pembroke College in this year.

The French city of Marseille recognized the plague on September 1 and by November 1 it had spread to Aix-en-Provence. The earliest recorded invasion of the plague into Spanish territory was in Mallorca in December 1347, probably through commercial ships. Three years of plague began in England.{{Cite book|title=Agricultural Records|last=Stratton|first=J.M.|publisher=John Baker|year=1969|isbn=0-212-97022-4}}

Births

Deaths

See also

References

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