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1241

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}

{{About year|1241}}

{{Year nav|1241}}

{{C13 year in topic}}

Year 1241 (MCCXLI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

File:Gregory IX.jpg]]

Events

  • March 18 – Battle of Chmielnik (Mongol invasion of Poland): The Mongols overwhelm the feudal Polish armies of Sandomierz and Kraków provinces, and plunder the abandoned city of Kraków.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XXWFca82UvYC&q=1241|title=Genghis Khan's Greatest General: Subotai the Valiant|last=Gabriel|first=Richard A.|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|year=2006|isbn=9780806137346|location=Norman, OK|pages=111–112|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qTDfAQAAQBAJ&q=1241+Battle+of+Chmielnik&pg=PA310|title=Dictionary of Wars|last=Kohn|first=George Childs|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=9781135954949|location=London and New York|pages=310|language=en}}
  • April 9 – Battle of Legnica: The Mongols, under the command of Baidar, Kadan and Orda Khan, defeat the feudal Polish nobility, including the Knights Templar.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IfKcAAAAQBAJ&q=1241+Battle+of+Legnica&pg=PA144|title=War on Land|last=Britannica Educational Publishing|publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing|year=2011|isbn=9781615307524|location=New York|pages=144|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eI19AwAAQBAJ&q=liegnitz|title=The Mongols and the West: 1221-1410|last=Jackson|first=Peter|publisher=Routledge|year=2014|isbn=9781317878995|location=London and New York|pages=63|language=en}}
  • April 11 – Battle of Mohi: Batu Khan and Subutai defeat Béla IV of Hungary. The battle is the last major event in the Mongol Invasion of Europe.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4gB9DQAAQBAJ&q=1241+Battle+of+Mohi&pg=RA1-PA102|title=The Mongol Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia|last=May|first=Timothy|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2016|isbn=9781610693400|location=Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford|pages=102–104|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C5pkSZBIXW0C&q=1241+Battle+of+tisza&pg=PA280|title=An Encyclopedia of Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles from 1479 B.C. to the Present|last=Eggenberger|first=David|publisher=Courier Corporation|year=2012|isbn=9780486142012|location=New York|pages=280|language=en}}
  • May – Battle of Giglio: an Imperial fleet defeats a Genoan fleet in the Tyrrhenian Sea.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zzagBwAAQBAJ&q=1241+Battle+of+Giglio&pg=PA128|title=Medieval Maritime Warfare|last=Stanton|first=Charles D.|publisher=Pen and Sword|year=2015|isbn=9781781592519|location=Barnsley, UK|pages=128|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=596VDwAAQBAJ&q=1241+Battle+of+Giglio&pg=PA119|title=The Two Powers: The Papacy, the Empire, and the Struggle for Sovereignty in the Thirteenth Century|last=Whalen|first=Brett Edward|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2019|isbn=9780812296129|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=118–119|language=en}}
  • May 10 – Battle of Cameirge in Ulster: The Milesian Irish septs of the Ó Dónaills from Donegal, the Ó Néills from Armagh and the Ó Dochartaighs of Connacht defeat the last Tuatha Dé Danann sept, the Meic Lochlainn of Tír Eoghain and Inishowen under Domhnall mac Muirchertaigh Mac Lochlainn. From now on the Kings of Tír Eoghain will all be of the Ó Néill dynasty, Brian Ua Néill becoming sole ruler.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ngc0osGk8FsC&q=1241+Battle+of+Cameirge&pg=PA443|title=Ireland 1170-1509, Society and History|last=Keenan|first=Desmond|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|year=2010|isbn=9781453584316|location=Bloomington, IN|pages=443|language=en}}
  • Early northern summer – A succession crisis or other priorities results in the Mongols withdrawing behind their river barrier into Ukraine and the Russias, leaving Central Asian and far Eastern Europe peoples tributary to the Khanates, but leaving Poland and Hungary to begin recovery and reorganization.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XeU_AQAAQBAJ&q=1241+mongol+retreat&pg=PA488|title=On the Trail of Genghis Khan: An Epic Journey Through the Land of the Nomads|last=Cope|first=Tim|publisher=A&C Black|year=2013|isbn=9781408825051|location=London, New Delhi, New York, Sydney|pages=487–488|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L2glDwAAQBAJ&q=1241+mongol+retreat&pg=PT266|title=The Clash of Civilizations|last=Trawinski|first=Allan|publisher=Page Publishing Inc|year=2017|isbn=9781635687125|location=New York|language=en}}
  • August 29 – After Henry III of England's invasion of Wales, the Treaty of Gwerneigron is signed by him and Dafydd ap Llywelyn, curbing the latter's authority and denying him royal title.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2-yVDwAAQBAJ&q=1241+Treaty+of+Gwerneigron&pg=PA19|title=Medieval Wales c.1050-1332: Centuries of Ambiguity|last=Stephenson|first=David|publisher=University of Wales Press|year=2019|isbn=9781786833877|location=Cardiff|pages=19|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CWAuDwAAQBAJ&q=1241+Treaty+of+Gwerneigron&pg=PT30|title=Owen Tudor: Founding Father of the Tudor Dynasty|last=Breverton|first=Terry|publisher=Amberley Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9781445654195|location=Stroud, UK|language=en}}
  • September 23 – Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic saga writer, is murdered by Gissur Þorvaldsson, an emissary of King Haakon IV of Norway.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BqViDwAAQBAJ&q=1241+Snorri+Sturluson&pg=PA593|title=Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature|last=Ruud|first=Jay|publisher=Facts on File|year=2006|isbn=0-8160-5497-5|location=New York|pages=593|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoLC0woy4iYC&q=1241+Snorri+Sturluson|title=Snorri Sturluson and the Edda: The Conversion of Cultural Capital in Medieval Scandinavia|last=Wanner|first=Kevin J.|publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=2008|isbn=9780802098016|location=Toronto, Buffalo, NY and London|pages=25|language=en}}
  • October 25 – Pope Celestine IV succeeds Pope Gregory IX, as the 179th pope.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1wshYVi3KM4C&q=1241+Pope+Celestine+IV&pg=RA3-PA687|title=Chronicle of the Twenty-Four Generals of the Order of Friars Minor|last=of Sarrant|first=Arnald|publisher=Ordo Fratrum Minorum|year=2010|location=Malta|language=en|translator-last=Noel Muscat}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DjI5t3DE00wC&q=1241+Pope+Celestine+IV&pg=PA314|title=Medieval Panorama|last=Bartlett|first=Robert|publisher=Getty Publications|year=2001|isbn=9780892366422|location=Los Angeles, CA|pages=314|language=en}}
  • Emperor Lizong of Song China accepts the Neo-Confucian teachings of the late Zhu Xi, including his commentary on the Four Books. This will have an impact upon the philosophical schools of surrounding countries as well, including Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y2DiBQAAQBAJ&q=1241+Lizong+of+Song&pg=PA805|title=Modern Chinese Religion I (2 vols): Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan (960-1368 AD)|last=Murray|first=Julia K.|publisher=BRILL|year=2014|isbn=9789004271647|editor-last=Lagerwey|editor-first=John|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=815|language=en|chapter=Confucian Iconography|editor2-last=Marsone|editor2-first=Pierre}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yTv_AQAAQBAJ&q=1241+Zhu+Xi&pg=PA903|title=Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy|last=Tillman|first=Hoyt Cleveland|publisher=Routledge|year=2003|isbn=9781135367480|editor-last=Cua|editor-first=Antonio S.|location=New York, London|pages=903|language=en}}
  • Livonian Crusade: The Estonian rebellion of 1237 is suppressed on Saaremaa Island, by the Livonian Order.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pUawCQAAQBAJ&q=1241+Saaremaa&pg=PR27|title=Historical Dictionary of Estonia|last=Miljan|first=Toivo|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2015|isbn=9780810875135|location=Lanham, Boulder, New York, Toronto, Plymouth, UK|pages=xxvii|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CurSh3Sh_KMC&q=1241+estonian+rebellion&pg=PA933|title=Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages|last1=Magill|first1=Frank Northen|last2=Aves|first2=Alison|publisher=Routledge|year=1998|isbn=9781579580414|volume=II|location=London and New York|pages=933|language=en}}
  • The University of Valladolid is founded in Spain.{{cite web|title=Universidad de Valladolid|url=https://www.uva.es/export/sites/uva/}}

Births

  • September 4 – King Alexander III of Scotland (d. 1286){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wI-AAAAcAAJ&q=1241+Alexander+of+Scotland&pg=PA33|title=Scotland Under Her Early Kings: A History of the Kingdom to the Close of the 13th Century|last=Robertson|first=E. William|publisher=Edmonston & Douglas|year=1862|volume=II|location=Edinburgh|pages=33|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5DJkAAAAMAAJ&q=1241+Alexander+of+Scotland&pg=PT6|title=Annals of Scotland: From the Accession of Malcolm III in the Year MLVII to the Accession of the House of Stewart in the Year MCCCLXXI, to which are Added, Tracts Relative to the History and Antiquities of Scotland|last=Dalrymple|first=Sir David|publisher=A. Constable|year=1819|volume=I|location=Edinburgh|pages=16|language=en}}
  • Eleanor of Castile, queen of Edward I of England (d. 1290){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yailBAAAQBAJ&q=1241+Eleanor+of+Castile&pg=PT61|title=Eleanor of Castile: The Shadow Queen|last=Cockerill|first=Sara|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|year=2014|isbn=9781445636054|location=Stroud, UK|language=en}}
  • Sophia of Denmark, queen consort of Sweden (d. 1286){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2gIK29dXvMAC&q=1241+Sophia+of+Denmark&pg=PA238|title=The Chronicle of Duke Erik: A Verse Epic from Medieval Sweden|last1=Carlquist|first1=Erik|last2=Hogg|first2=Peter C.|last3=Österberg|first3=Eva|publisher=Nordic Academic Press|year=2011|isbn=9789185509577|location=Lund, Sweden|pages=238|language=en}}

Deaths

  • March 17 – Köten, Cuman chieftain{{cite book|author=István Vásáry|title=Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DJWyg97IggC&pg=PA223|date=24 March 2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-44408-8|pages=223}}
  • March 28 – Valdemar II of Denmark (b. 1170){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEsM1ibpcJQC&q=1241+Valdemar+II&pg=PA82|title=Kings, Rulers, and Statesmen|last1=Wise|first1=Leonard F.|last2=Hansen|first2=Mark Hillary|last3=Egan|first3=E. W.|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.|year=2005|isbn=9781402725920|location=New York|pages=82|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Obs0AAAAQBAJ&q=1241+Valdemar+II&pg=PA3|title=Scandinavia: A Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden from 1513 to 1900|last=Bain|first=R. Nisbet|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013|isbn=9781107688858|location=Cambridge|pages=3|language=en|orig-year=1905}}
  • March 31 – Pousa, voivode of Transylvania{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/southeasterneuro0000curt|url-access=registration|quote=1241 Pousa transylvania.|title=Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250|last=Curta|first=Florin|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn=9780521815390|series=Cambridge Medieval Textbooks|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/southeasterneuro0000curt/page/411 411]|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YuAzDwAAQBAJ&q=1241+Pousa+transylvania&pg=PA28|title=Transylvania in the Second Half of the Thirteenth Century: The Rise of the Congregational System|last=Sălăgean|first=Tudor|publisher=BRILL|year=2016|isbn=9789004311343|location=Leiden and Boston|pages=28|language=en}}
  • April 9 – Duke Henry II of Poland{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R98-AAAAYAAJ&q=1241+Henry+II+Poland&pg=PA86|title=Notices of the Mediæval Geography and History of Central and Western Asia|last=Bretschneider|first=E.|publisher=Trübner & Company|year=1876|location=London|pages=87|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576070917|url-access=registration|quote=1241 Henry II Poland.|title=Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide|last1=Jackson|first1=Guida M.|last2=Jackson-Laufer|first2=Guida Myrl|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=1999|isbn=9781576070918|location=Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576070917/page/164 164]|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZNADwAAQBAJ&q=1241+Henry+II+Poland&pg=PA168|title=1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History|last=Grant|first=R. G.|publisher=Chartwell Books|year=2017|isbn=9780785835530|location=New York|pages=168|language=en}}
  • April 11 (killed in the Battle of Mohi):
  • Andrew, son of Serafin, judge royal{{cite book |last=Markó |first=László |year=2006 |title=A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon [Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia] |publisher=Helikon Kiadó |isbn=963-208-970-7 |language=hu |pages=251, 256, 269, 364, 451}}
  • Izsép Bő, Hungarian nobleman{{cite book |last=Zsoldos |first=Attila |year=2011 |title=Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301] |publisher=História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete |isbn=978-963-9627-38-3 |page=313 |language=hu}}
  • Ugrin Csák, Archbishop of Kalocsa (b. c. 1190){{cite book |last=B. Szabó |first=János |year=2007 |title=A tatárjárás. A mongol hódítás és Magyarország [The Mongol Invasion of Hungary] |publisher=Corvina |isbn=978-963-13-6348-7 |language=hu |page=141}}
  • Gregory, Bishop of Győr
  • Nicholas I Gutkeled, ban of Slavonia
  • James, Bishop of Nyitra
  • Dominic I Rátót, master of the treasury
  • Matthias Rátót, archbishop of Esztergom (b. c. 1206)
  • Raynald of Belleville, bishop of Transylvania
  • Denis Tomaj, palatine of Hungary
  • June 24 – Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzwpq6bLHhMC&q=1241+Ivan+Asen+II&pg=RA2-PA286|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology|last=Font|first=Marta|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=9780195334036|editor-last=Rogers|editor-first=Clifford J.|volume=I|location=Oxford and New York|pages=286|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DJWyg97IggC&q=1241+Ivan+Asen+II&pg=PA66|title=Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365|last=Vásáry|first=István|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2005|isbn=9781139444088|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=66|language=en}}
  • August 10 – Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany (b. c. 1184), princess long gently imprisoned in England{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZS9rOweF8TIC&q=1241+Eleanor+Brittany&pg=PA164|title=The Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and Her Family, 1171-1221|last1=Everard|first1=Judith|last2=Jones|first2=Michael C. E.|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|year=1999|isbn=9780851157511|location=Woodbridge, UK|pages=164|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3v-hAgAAQBAJ&q=1241+Eleanor+Brittany&pg=PA82|title=Imprisoning Medieval Women: The Non-Judicial Confinement and Abduction of Women in England, c.1170-1509|last=Seabourne|first=Dr Gwen|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|year=2013|isbn=9781409482321|location=Surrey, UK and Burlington, VT|pages=82|language=en}}
  • August 22 – Pope Gregory IX{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RWQSBwAAQBAJ&q=1241+Gregory+IX&pg=PA210|title=The Papacy and Crusading in Europe, 1198-1245|last=Rist|first=Rebecca|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2009|isbn=9781441179524|location=London and New York|pages=119|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B6g7GfTuckYC&q=1241+Gregory+IX&pg=PA397|title=Crusade and Christendom: Annotated Documents in Translation from Innocent III to the Fall of Acre, 1187-1291|last1=Bird|first1=Jessalynn|last2=Peters|first2=Edward|last3=Powell|first3=James M.|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2013|isbn=9780812244786|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=397|language=en}}
  • September 20 – Conrad II of Salzwedel, German nobleman and bishop{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gk0jAQAAMAAJ&q=1241+Konrad+II+of+Salzwedel|title=Pommern: Wegweiser durch ein unvergessenes Land|last=Hinz|first=Johannes|publisher=Bechtermünz|year=1996|isbn=9783860471814|location=Augsburg, Germany|pages=73|language=de}}
  • September 23 – Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian, poet and politician (b. 1178)
  • September 26 – Fujiwara no Teika, Japanese poet{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U0KcAwrVksQC&q=1241+Fujiwara+no+Teika|title=Pictures of the Heart: The Hyakunin Isshu in Word and Image|last=Mostow|first=Joshua S.|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=1996|isbn=9780824817053|location=Honolulu, HI|pages=26|language=en}}{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tG_MAgAAQBAJ&q=1241+Fujiwara+no+Teika&pg=PA159|title=Reading East Asian Writing: The Limits of Literary Theory|last=Vieillard-Baron|first=Michel|publisher=Routledge|year=2014|isbn=9781136134029|editor-last=Hockx|editor-first=Michel|location=London and New York|pages=159|language=en|chapter=Power of Words: Forging Fujiwara no Teika's Poetic Theory. A Philological Approach to Japanese Poetics|editor2-last=Smits|editor2-first=Ivo}}
  • November 10 – Pope Celestine IV{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l-qBAgAAQBAJ&q=1241+Celestine+IV&pg=PA252|title=A Short History of the Papacy in the Middle Ages|last=Ullmann|first=Walter|publisher=Routledge|year=2003|isbn=9781134415359|location=London and New York|pages=252|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9_Fakx-flCkC&q=1241+Celestine+IV&pg=PA55|title=A Handbook of Dates: For Students of British History|last1=Cheney|first1=C. R.|last2=Cheney|first2=Christopher Robert|last3=Jones|first3=Michael|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|isbn=9780521778459|series=Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks|volume=4|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=55|language=en}}
  • December 1 – Isabella of England, Holy Roman empress, spouse of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1214){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BiyyueBTpaMC&q=1241+Isabella+of+England&pg=PA263|title=Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy|last=Panton|first=James|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2011|isbn=9780810874978|location=Lanham, MA and Plymouth, UK|pages=263|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MEk_DwAAQBAJ&q=1241+Isabella+of+England&pg=PA264|title=The Social Politics of Medieval Diplomacy: Anglo-German Relations (1066-1307)|last=Huffman|first=Joseph P.|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=2000|isbn=9780472110612|series=Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Civilization|location=Ann Arbor, MI|pages=264|language=en}}
  • Bernardo di Quintavalle, Italian follower of St. Francis of Assisi{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZlPFq5c1B8C&q=1241+Bernardo+di+Quintavalle%2C&pg=PA412|title=Storia della mistica occidentale|last=Ruh|first=Kurt|publisher=Vita e Pensiero|year=2002|isbn=9788834336755|volume=II: Mistica femminile e mistica francescana delle origini|location=Milan, italy|pages=412|language=it|orig-year=1993}}
  • Mary, Countess of Blois (b. 1200){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=486s3eMkLfgC&q=1241+Mary+Blois&pg=PA748|title=Biographical Index of the Middle Ages|last=Wispelwey|first=Berend|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=2011|isbn=9783110914160|volume=1|location=Munich, Germany|pages=748|language=en}}
  • Nicholas Szák, Hungarian nobleman
  • Buzád Hahót, Hungarian nobleman and Christian martyr{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YfRDAAAAYAAJ&q=1241+Buz%C3%A1d+Hah%C3%B3t&pg=PA214|title=Magyarok életrajzai: Hajdankor 1600|last=Kerékgyártó|first=Árpád|publisher=Magyar Mihál|year=1858|location=Pest, Hungary|pages=214|language=hu}}
  • Coloman of Galicia, Hungarian royalty, Prince (then King) of Halych, Duke of Slavonia (b. 1208){{cite book |last1=Font |first1=Márta |last2=Barabás |first2=Gábor |year=2019 |title=Coloman, King of Galicia and Duke of Slavonia (1208–1241): Medieval Central Europe and Hungarian Power |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |isbn=978-164-1890-24-3 |page=124 }}
  • Ögedei Khan, 2nd Khagan of the Mongol Empire and successor to Genghis Khan (b. c. 1185){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GajVAAAAQBAJ&q=1241+%C3%96gedei+Khan&pg=PA352|title=The History of the Renaissance World: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Conquest of Constantinople|last=Bauer|first=S. Wise|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|year=2013|isbn=9780393059762|location=New York|pages=352|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nFx3OlrBMpQC&q=1241+%C3%96gedei+Khan|title=The History of the Mongol Conquests|last=Saunders|first=J. J.|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2001|isbn=9780812217667|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=93|language=en}}
  • Baba Ishak, charismatic Turkman preacher (b. c. 1239){{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bk5dDwAAQBAJ&q=1241+Baba+Ishak&pg=PA236|title=Frontiers in Question: Eurasian Borderlands, 700–1700|last=Heywood|first=Colin|publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education|year=1999|isbn=9781349274390|editor-last=Power|editor-first=Daniel|location=Basingstoke, UK and New York|pages=236|language=en|chapter=The Frontier in Ottoman History: Old Ideas and New Myths|editor2-last=Standen|editor2-first=Naomi}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ9RCwAAQBAJ&q=1241+Baba+Ishak&pg=PT28|title=Fundamentals Of Rumis Thought|last=Can|first=Sefik|publisher=Tughra Books|year=2009|isbn=9781597846134|location=Somerset, NJ|pages=2|language=tr|orig-year=1999}}

References

{{Reflist}}

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