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1302

{{About year|1302}}

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File:Battle of Courtrai2.jpg, from the Grandes Chroniques de France.]]

{{C14 year in topic}}

Year 1302 (MCCCII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

Events

=January–March=

=April–June=

  • April 8 (8 Shaban 701 AH) – Sultan Muhammad II dies after a 29-year reign and is succeeded by his son Muhammad III as ruler of Granada. Within two weeks of his accession, he sends a Nasrid army under Hammu ibn Abd al-Haqq to seize Bedmar and other neighboring strongholds from Castile. Nasrid forces also attack Jódar, northeast of Bedmar, and recapture Quesada. Meanwhile, Muhammad contains friendly relations with King James II ("James the Just").Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, p. 118. University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.
  • April 10 – The first meeting of the Estates General in France is convened King Philip IV ("Philip the Fair") at the Notre-Dame in Paris. During the assembly, all three classes – the French nobles, clergy, and commons – discuss the conflict between Philip and Pope Boniface VIII over the papal legate, Bernard Saisset – who is accused to raise a rebellion of Occitan independence, associated with Navarre, under the banner of the County of Foix.Andrew Latham (2019). "Medieval Geopolitics: The Conflict between Pope Boniface VIII and King Philip IV of France". Medievalists.net.
  • April 12 – Ghazan of the Mongol Empire's Ilkhanate division sends a letter to Pope Boniface and announces preparations for a new campaign against the Mamluk Sultanate."Why Did the West Fail to Recover the Holy Land Between 1291 and 1320?", by Malcolm Barber, in Crusading and Warfare in the Middle Ages, ed. by Simon John and Nicholas Morton (Taylor & Francis, 2016)
  • April 22 – In modern-day Turkey, Byzantine Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos launches a military campaign against Turkish forces who have been conducting raids, and marches from Constantinople.Savvas Kyriakidis, Warfare in Late Byzantium, 1204-1453 (Brill, 2011) His army travels southward as far as Magnesia ad Maeander (the ruins of which are now near the town of Ortaklar in what is now Turkey's Aydin Province). Palaiologos seeks to directly confront the Turkish forces, but is dissuaded by his generals. In the meantime, the Turks resume their raids, isolating Michael at Magnesia. His army is dissolved without a battle, as the local forces are left behind to defend their homes. The Alans (Byzantine mercenaries) too leave, to rejoin their families in Thrace. Michael is forced to withdraw by the sea, followed by another wave of refugees.Nicol, Donald M. (1993). The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453, pp. 125–126. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-43991-6}}.
  • May 17 – At the age of 12, Eleanor of Anjou, daughter of King Charles II of Naples, marries King Frederick III of Sicily.
  • May 18 – Flemish militia kill 2,000 French soldiers in the course of the Matins of Bruges, after Pieter de Coninck and Jan Breydel call on soldiers to kill all of the French occupiers of the city in Flanders. The French Governor of Flanders, Jacques de Châtillon, escapes with a handful of soldiers while disguised as a priest. He arrives in Paris to bring the news of the massacre to King Philip the Fair, who sends an army to capture the city.Tucker, Spencer C. (2010). A Global Chronology of Conflict, p. 294. Vol. 1. {{ISBN|978-1-85-109667-1}}.
  • June 12 – The Baltic Sea town of Wesenberg in Danish Estonia (modern-day Rakvere) receives municipal self-government under the Hanseatic League doctrine of Lübeck law.
  • June 14 – Matteo I Visconti, Lord of Milan (Signore di Milano), the semi-independent Italian region within the Holy Roman Empire, is deposed by Guido della Torre, but will return in 1311.

=July–September=

  • July 11 – The Battle of the Golden Spurs takes place as France retaliates against Flanders for the May 18 Matins of Bruges massacre. Flemish forces led by William of Jülich ("William the Younger") and Pieter de Coninck defeat the French army (some 9,000 men) at Kortrijk in Flanders. The cavalry charges of the French prove unable to defeat the untrained Flemish infantry militia, consisting mainly of members of the craft guilds. Many French nobles (some 500 knights) are killed, like the commander Robert II of Artois, and forced to retreat.Verbruggen, J. F. (2002). The Battle of the Golden Spurs: Courtrai, 11 July 1302, p. 192. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. {{ISBN|978-0-85115-888-4}}.
  • July 27 – Battle of Bapheus: To counter the Turkish threat at Nicomedia, Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos sends a Byzantine force (some 2,000 men) to cross over the Bosporus to relieve the city. On the plain, Turkish forces (some 5,000 light cavalry) led by Sultan Osman I defeat the Byzantines, who are forced to withdraw to Nicomedia. After the battle, Andronikos loses control of the countryside of Bithynia, withdrawing to the forts. Meanwhile, Turkish forces capture Byzantine settlements, such as the coastal city of Gemlik.Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453, pp. 76–77. University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-1620-2}}.Laiou, Angeliki E. (1972). Constantinople and the Latins: Foreign Policy of Andronicus II, 1282–1328, pp. 90–91. Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-674-16535-9}}.
  • August 5 – John Segrave is appointed to the custody of Berwick Castle, leaving him in charge with an English force of some 20,000 men. Robert, along with other nobles, gives his allegiance to Edward.Lee, Sidney (1897). "Segrave, John de". Dictionary of National Biography. Vol 51. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  • August 31 – The Peace of Caltabellotta is signed between King Charles the Lame, King of Naples and King Frederick III of Sicily, ending the War of the Sicilian Vespers. The Kingdom of Sicily will pass to Angevin rule on Frederick's death, in return Charles pays a tribute of some 100,000 ounces of gold. Frederick hands over all his possessions in Calabria and releases Charles' son Philip I, prince of Taranto, from his prison in Cefalù.{{cite book | last = Lock | first = Peter | title = The Routledge Companion to the Crusades | publisher = Routledge | year = 2013 | isbn = 9781135131371 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=AkCKZ9Hs4-QC | page = 123}}
  • September 3 (1 Muharram 702 AH) – At the start of the new Muslim year 702 AH, Mamluk Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad sends a fleet of 20 galleys) to Tripoli of Lebanon, where Mamluk forces led by Kahardash al-Zarraq al-Mansuri, begin a blockade and siege.Amir Mazor, The Rise and Fall of a Muslim Regiment: The Manṣūriyya in the First Mamluk Sultanate, 678/1279 –741/1341 (V&R Unipress, 2015) p.131
  • September 26 (28 Muharram 702 AH) – Fall of Ruad: The Knights Templar, European Crusaders to the Holy Land, surrender their control of the island of Ruad (modern-day Arwad, off of the coast of Syria) to the Mamluk Sultanate.Malcolm Barber, The Trial of the Templars (Cambridge University Press, 2006) p.22 {{ISBN|0-521-85639-6}} Hugh Dampierre negotiates a promise that the Europeans will be allowed safe conduct to a Christian-ruled land of their choice, but Knights are attacked as soon as they emerge from the garrison. Templar Grand Master Barthélemy de Quincy is killed in battle, all of the Syrian Christian bowmen and footsoldiers are executed, and the surviving Knights Templar are taken as prisoners of war and incarcerated in Cairo.
  • September – Roger de Flor, Italian military adventurer and knight (condottiere), founds the Catalan Company group of mercenaries, with soldiers (Almogavars) jobless after the Treaty of Caltabellotta.

=October–December=

= Date unknown =

Births

Deaths

References

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