Login
Login

1935 in aviation#July

{{Short description|none}}

{{yearbox

|in?=in aviation

|cp=19th Century

|c=20th century

|cf=21st century

|yp1=1932

|yp2=1933

|yp3=1934

|year=1935

|ya1=1936

|ya2=1937

|ya3=1938

|dp3=1900–1909{{!}}1900s

|dp2=1910s

|dp1=1920s

|d=1930s

|dn1=1940s

|dn2=1950s

|dn3=1960s

}}

{{Portal|Aviation}}

This is a list of aviation-related events from 1935:

Events

  • Employing aerial refueling, a sustained flight record of 653 hours 34 minutes (27 days, 5 hours, 34 minutes) is set by brothers Al and Fred Key of Meridian, Mississippi. It remains unbroken.{{cite news |author= |name-list-style= |date=March 2, 1943 |orig-date= |title=Major Algene Key is awarded DSC |script-title= |trans-title= |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/772572798/ |work=The York Daily News-Times |type= |series= |language= |volume= |issue= |edition= |location=York, Nebraska |publisher= |publication-date= |agency= |page=5 |access-date=March 28, 2024 |via=newspapers.com |url-access=subscription |quote=Maj. Algene E. Key of Meridian, Miss., who with his brother Fred set an endurance flight record of 653 hours and 34 minutes in 1935, has been awarded the distinguished service cross for flying his severely damaged heavy bomber in formation during a raid on German-held France, the war department announced today. }}
  • Consolidated Aircraft Corporation moves from Buffalo, New York, to San Diego, California.Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 95.
  • Imperial Japanese Navy dive bombers practice against a full-size mock-up of the United States Navy aircraft carrier Saratoga (CV-3) at the Kashima bombing range.Peattie, Mark R., Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power 1909-1941, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2001, {{ISBN|978-1-55750-432-6}}, p. 41.
  • Pan American World Airways builds a seaplane base for its transpacific China Clipper flying boats on Sand Island at Midway Atoll.Morison, Samuel Eliot, History of U.S. Naval Operations in World War II, Volume IV: Coral Sea, Midway, and Submarine Actions, May 1942-August 1942, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1988, p. 72.
  • The Soviet Union has the largest bomber force in the world.Hardesty, Von, Red Phoenix: The Rise of Soviet Air Power 1941-1945, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1982, {{ISBN|978-0-87474-510-8}}, p. 47.
  • The Kalinin K-7 programme ends with the construction of only one K-7, which had been lost in 1933. The end of the programme brings the cancellation of the construction of two additional K-7s.
  • The United States Army places a rotary-wing aircraft in service for the first time when it purchases a Kellet KD-1 autogiro for evaluation. The autogiro is designated the YG-1 in U.S. Army service.

=January=

=February=

  • February 3 – The German aircraft designer Hugo Junkers dies
  • February 12 – The U.S. Navy airship {{USS|Macon|ZRS-5}} crashes and sinks off Point Sur, California. Two of her crewmen die.
  • February 21 – Sisters Jane and Elizabeth Du Bois, daughters of the American consul at Naples, Italy, Coert du Bois, force open the door of a Hillman Airways de Havilland Dragon Rapide airliner in flight and jump to their deaths. Both women had been engaged to be married to pilots killed in the crash of a Royal Air Force flying boat off Sicily on February 15.[http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17170187 Sydney Morning Herald, February 26, 1935, p. 11.]
  • February 22
  • It becomes illegal for airplanes to fly over the White House in Washington, D.C.McCabe, Scott, "Crime History", Washington Examiner, February 22, 2012, p. 8."Today in History", The Washington Post Express, February 22, 2012, p. 26. President Franklin D. Roosevelt{{'}}s complaint that aircraft disturb his sleep prompts the new law.
  • Leland Andrews breaks Doolittle's January record, completing a transcontinental transport flight across the United States in 11 hours 34 minutes.
  • February 26
  • In Germany, Adolf Hitler orders Hermann Göring to secretly establish the Luftwaffe, violating the provision of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 that Germany never again possess armed aircraft.[http://luftwaffefighters.co.uk/luftwaffe.htm The Military History of the Luftwaffe] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110421001048/http://luftwaffefighters.co.uk/luftwaffe.htm |date=2011-04-21 }}
  • Robert Watson-Watt and Arnold Wilkins first demonstrate the reflection of radio waves from an aircraft, near Daventry in England;{{cite web|publisher=IET|url=http://tv.theiet.org/technology/communications/219.cfm|title=Passive Covert Radar – Watson-Watt's Daventry Experiment Revisited|access-date=2011-06-07|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110513210855/http://tv.theiet.org/technology/communications/219.cfm|archive-date=13 May 2011|url-status=live}} on June 17, the first radio detection of an aircraft by ground-based radar is made at Orford Ness.

=March=

  • March 1 – The United States Department of War establishes General Headquarters Air Force within the United States Army.{{cite book|editor=Maurer, Maurer|title=Air Force Combat Units of World War II|orig-year= 1961|url= http://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/21/2001330256/-1/-1/0/AFD-100921-044.pdf |archive-url= https://archive.today/20210115181723/https://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/21/2001330256/-1/-1/0/AFD-100921-044.pdf |url-status= dead |archive-date= January 15, 2021 |edition=reprint|year=1983|publisher=Office of Air Force History|location=Washington, DC|isbn=0-912799-02-1|lccn=61060979|page=6}}
  • March 9 – The Nazi Government in Germany publicly announces the formation of the Luftwaffe in defiance of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. Hermann Göring is made its commander-in-chief, a position he holds almost until the end of World War II in 1945.Murray, Williamson, Strategy for Defeat: The Luftwaffe 1933-1945, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press, 1983, no ISBN, p. 5.
  • March 28 – Robert Goddard launches the world's first successful liquid-fuelled rocket.

=April=

=May=

=June=

  • June 24 – One Ford Trimotor of Servicio Aéreo Colombiano (SACO) collides with another Ford Trimotor of Sociedad Colombo Alemana de Transporte Aéreo (SCADTA) in Medellín, Colombia. Fifteen people are killed, including the world-famous tango singer Carlos Gardel, the journalist, dramatist, and lyricist Alfredo Le Pera, and other musicians traveling with them to promote the new movie El día que me quieras ("The Day That You Will Love Me").[http://planecrashinfo.com/famous1930s.htm Famous People Who Died in Aviation Accidents: 1930s]
  • June 25 – United States Coast Guard Lieutenant Richard L. Burke sets a world seaplane speed record carrying a {{convert|500|kg|lb|abbr=on|adj=on}} load over a {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on|adj=on}} course at an average speed of {{convert|280.105|km/h|mph}} flying a Grumman JF-2 Duck.[https://web.archive.org/web/20121012012530/http://www.uscg.mil/history/webaircraft/CGAviationHistory1916_1938.pdf A Chronological History of Coast Guard Aviation: The Early Years, 1915-1938].
  • June 26 – Soviet military balloon pilots Christian Zille and Yury Prilutsky and Professor Alexander Verigo attempt to set a new altitude record for human flight in the balloon USSR-1 Bis. Launching from Moscow's Kuntsevo District, they fall some {{convert|19,000|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}} short of the record when the balloon begins an unexpected descent from an altitude of {{convert|53,000|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}}. As the rate of descent increases dangerously, Verigo bails out at {{convert|3,500|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}} and Prilutsky at {{convert|2,500|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}}, after which Zille manages to bring the descent under control and makes a soft landing in the gondola near Trufanovo in the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic's Tula Oblast. The Soviet government will award all three crew members the Order of Lenin for the flight.
  • June 27 – United States Coast Guard Lieutenant Richard L. Burke sets a world seaplane altitude record of {{convert|5,449.050|m|ft}} carrying a {{convert|500|kg|lb|abbr=on|adj=on}} load, flying a Grumman JF-2 Duck.

=July=

  • July 1 – The American flying team The Flying Keys sets an endurance record by flying a Curtiss Robin non-stop for 653 hours, 34 minutes in the vicinity of Meridian, Mississippi. During the flight, which began on June 4, the Robin's two-man crew receives fuel, other supplies, and fuel in mid-air from a similar aircraft. The flight covers {{convert|52,320|mi|km|abbr=off|sp=us}} and uses more than 6,000 gallons (4,996 Imperial gallons; 22,712 liters) of gasoline.
  • July 10 – The Bell Aircraft Corporation is founded in Buffalo, New York.Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 37.
  • July 13 – The Shoreham Airport terminal building is opened at Lancing, England.

=August=

  • Because of deteriorating relations between Italy and Ethiopia, the British aircraft carriers HMS Courageous and HMS Glorious disembark their aircraft at Alexandria, Egypt, to guard against any outbreak of war spreading to British-controlled territory. The aircraft remain ashore in Egypt until early 1936.Sturtivant, Ray, British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917-1990, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, {{ISBN|0-87021-026-2}}, p. 19.
  • August 5 – French aviator Marcel Cagnot takes off in the Farman F.1001 in an attempt to set a new world altitude record. The attempt ends in tragedy when one of the F.1001's cupola windows fail at an altitude of {{convert|10,000|m|ft|0|abbr=off|sp=us}}, leading to a rapid decompression and the death of Cagnot.
  • August 15 – Wiley Post, the first pilot to fly solo around the world, and his passenger, the humorist Will Rogers, are killed in the crash of a hybrid Lockheed Orion/Lockheed Explorer aircraft near Point Barrow in the Territory of Alaska.

=September=

  • September 15 – A Seversky SEV-3 sets a world speed record for piston-engined amphibious airplanes, reaching {{convert|230.413|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. The record still stands.Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, {{ISBN|978-0-517-56588-9}}, p. 384.
  • September 17 – Professional baseball player Len Koenecke of the Brooklyn Dodgers becomes so drunk on a flight to New York City that he is shackled to his seat and removed from the airliner in Detroit, Michigan. After sleeping in an airport chair there, he charters a plane to take him to Buffalo, New York. While the plane flies over Canada, Koenecke has a disagreement with the pilot and another passenger and attempts to seize control of the plane. To avoid a crash, the pilot and other passenger hit him over the head with a fire extinguisher, and he dies of a cerebral hemorrhage.>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbssports.com/u/ce/feature/0,1518,1375940_52,00.html |title=Flashback Friday – The Fateful Fire Extinguisher |last=Robinson |first=James G. |work=cbssports.com |publisher=CBS |access-date=21 December 2010 }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}[http://planecrashinfo.com/famous1930s.htm planecrashinfo.com Famous People Who Died in Aviation Accidents: 1930s]
  • September 27 – The three obsolete biplanes that constitute the entire serviceable strength of the Ethiopian Air Force conduct a flypast as part of a military procession at Addis Ababa for the Emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie I, who is trying to prepare Ethiopia for war with Italy.Barker, A. J., The Rape of Ethiopia 1936, New York: Ballantine Books, Inc., 1971, p. 31.
  • September 30 – Hillman's Airways, Spartan Air Lines, and United Airways Limited merge to form Allied British Airways, Ltd. The new airline will begin flight operations on January 1, 1936.

=October=

=November=

=December=

  • To mark the 300th anniversary of French rule in the Americas, the Latécoère 521 flying boat Lieutenant de Vaisseau Paris makes a demonstration flight from France to Dakar, Senegal, then across the South Atlantic Ocean to Natal, Brazil, then to the French West Indies. It then flies on to Pensacola, Florida, where it suffers damage in a storm. It later is repaired and returns to service.
  • A United States Marine Corps Grumman JF-2 Duck sets an unofficial world speed record for single-engine amphibian aircraft, reaching {{convert|191|mph|km/h|abbr=off}}r).Polmar, Norman, "Historic Aircraft: If It Flies Like a Duck...," Naval History, October 2015, p. 14.
  • December 6 – Transcontinental and Western Air's first flight attendants – known at the time as "air hostesses" – begin flying, serving passengers aboard the airline's Douglas DC-2 aircraft.[http://twaflightattendants.com/liftoffhtml/historytimeline.html TWA History Timeline] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410102544/http://twaflightattendants.com/liftoffhtml/historytimeline.html |date=2015-04-10 }}
  • December 10 – A Sabena Savoia-Marchetti S.73 crashes into a hillside at Tatsfield, Surrey, in the United Kingdom, killing all 11 people on board. Among the dead is English tank and vehicle designer Sir John Carden.
  • December 15 – The American polar explorer Lincoln Ellsworth and his pilot, Herbert Hollick-Kenyon, arrive on foot at the abandoned base at Little America on the Ross Ice Shelf, completing a journey of about 2,200 miles (3,500 kilometers) from Dundee Island and becoming the first people to fly across Antarctica. The journey — which includes a number of unplanned landings due to problems with navigational equipment and bad weather, a storm that keeps them grounded for three days, a final forced landing when their Northrop Gamma aircraft Polar Star runs out of fuel less than four miles (6 km) from Little America, and a 10-day walk to Little America — has taken an unexpectedly long three and a half weeks, of which 14 hours were in the air.{{Cite news|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/northrop-gamma-polar-star|title=Northrop Gamma "Polar Star"|date=18 March 2016|work=National Air and Space Museum|access-date=30 March 2018}} They claim {{convert|350,000|sqmi}} of territory for the United States during their flight. A faulty radio prevents them from reporting their arrival and they are declared missing. Searchers find them alive and well at Little America on 16 January 1936."Ellsworth and Kenyon Found Safe: Missing Men Located At Byrd's Camp", Fairbanks (Alaska) Daily News-Miner. January 17, 1936. Page A1.
  • December 26 – General Rodolfo Graziani requests permission from Benito Mussolini to use poison gas against Ethiopian forces. He receives it, and during the last few days of December Italian aircraft begin dropping mustard gas on Ethiopian troops around the Takkaze River and on the village of Jijiga. Italian planes will drop poison gas for the remainder of the war, and continue to use it against Ethiopian guerrillas after the war ends.Barker, A. J., The Rape of Ethiopia 1936, New York: Ballantine Books, Inc., 1971, pp. 56-57.
  • December 27 – U.S. Army Air Corps bombers from Wheeler Field bomb lava tubes to divert a flow of lava from Mauna Loa that is threatening Hilo, Hawaii. Bombing by U.S. Navy amphibious aircraft diverts lava away from Hilo{{'}}s waterworks.
  • December 31 – The Imperial Airways Short S.8 Calcutta flying boat City of Khartoum (registration G-AASJ) suffers a catastrophic failure of all three engines shortly before the end of its flight between Crete and Alexandria, Egypt, just after nightfall and makes a forced landing on the Mediterranean Sea. The pilot is the only survivor; all nine passengers and the other three crew members die on impact or drown when the aircraft is overwhelmed by high seas and sinks."Report of the investigation of the accident to the aircraft G-AASJ "City of Khartoum" off Alexandria on the 31st of December, 1935" (Cmd. 5220), HMSO, 1936.

First flights

=January=

  • ANF Les Mureaux 117R.2Donald, David, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft, New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1997, {{ISBN|978-0-7607-0592-6}}, p. 50.
  • Polikarpov R-Z
  • January 5 – Tachikawa Ki-9 (Allied reporting name "Spruce")Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, {{ISBN|978-0-87021-313-7}}, pp. 246, 569.
  • January 7 – Avro 652Donald, David, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft, New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1997, {{ISBN|978-0-7607-0592-6}}, p. 80.
  • January 10 – Latécoère 521
  • January 18 – Blohm & Voss Ha 137
  • January 28 – Potez 62

=February=

  • Watanabe E9W (Allied reporting name "Slim"), first Japanese aircraft designed specifically for operation from a submarineGuttman, Robert, "Magnificent Lightning," Aviation History, January 2016, p. 13.
  • February 4 – Mitsubishi A5M (Allied reporting name "Claude")Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, {{ISBN|978-0-87021-313-7}}, pp. 343.
  • February 5 – Westland CL.20
  • February 21 – Rolls-Royce PV-12 aero engine, prototype of the Rolls-Royce Merlin (in a Hawker Hart)Lumsden, Alec, British Piston Engines and their Aircraft, Marlborough, Wilts: Airlife Publishing, 2003, {{ISBN|1-85310-294-6}}, p. 203.
  • February 24 – Heinkel He 111

=March=

  • Kawasaki Ki-10 (Allied reporting name "Perry")Francillon, René J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979, {{ISBN|978-0-87021-313-7}}, p. 86.
  • March 6 – ANF Les Mureaux 115R.2
  • March 15 – Dornier Do 18
  • March 20 – Grumman XF3F-1, prototype of the Grumman F3FAngelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 222.
  • March 24 – Avro Anson military prototype K4771
  • March 28 – Kassel 12A

=April=

=May=

  • May 15 – Curtiss Model 75, prototype of the P-36 HawkAngelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 155.
  • May 11 – Miles M.4 Merlin prototype U-8, later G-ADFE
  • May 19 – Consolidated XPBY-1, prototype of the PBY Catalina
  • May 29 – Messerschmitt Bf 109 V1 D-IABI
  • May 31 – Fairchild Model 45

=June=

=July=

=August=

  • August 8 – Morane-Saulnier MS.405
  • August 9 – Dewoitine D.338{{cite book |last1=Danel |first1=Raymond |last2=Cuny |first2=Jean |title=Les Avions Dewotine |series=Docavia |issue=17 |year=1982 |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions Larivère |language=fr|page=402}}{{cite magazine |last=de Narbonne |first=Roland |title=Les grands trimoteurs Dewoitine: La légende et la tragédie |magazine=Le Fana de l'Aviation |date=December 2007 |issue=457 |language=fr|page=42}}
  • August 12 – De Havilland Dragonfly
  • August 15 – Seversky SEV-1XP, prototype of the Seversky P-35
  • August 19
  • CANT Z.506
  • Northrop XBT-1, prototype of the Northrop BT
  • August 21 – Bücker Bü 133 Jungmeister{{sfn|Haufschild|Schneider|2017|p=9}}

=September=

=October=

=November=

=December=

  • December 17 – Douglas DST, prototype of the Douglas DC-3
  • December 18 – Miles M.7 Nighthawk
  • December 31 – Avro Anson Mark I, first production version of the AnsonDonald, David, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft, New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1997, {{ISBN|0-7607-0592-5}}, p. 80.

Entered service

=January=

=March=

=April=

  • April 26 – Boeing Y1B-9 by the United States Army Air Corps{{cite magazine|last=Pelletier|first=Alain|title=End of the Dinosaurs: Boeing's B-9, Breaking the Bomber Mold|magazine=Air Enthusiast|volume=101|date= September–October 2002|pages=48–49}}

=August=

=October=

=November=

Retirements

=October=

  • Handley Page Hinaidi by the Royal Air Force[http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/archive-exhibitions/not-quite-extinct/handley-page-hyderabad-and-hinaidi.aspx rafmuseum.org.uk "Handley Page Hyderabad and Hinaidi"]

References

{{Reflist}}

  • {{cite magazine |last=Borget |first=Michel |title=Le Farman 1000–1001: Farman à l'assaut de la stratophère (3) |magazine=L'Album du fanatique de L'Aviation |date=October 1974 |issue=59 |pages=24–27 |language=fr}}
  • {{cite magazine |last1=Haufschild |first1=Rainer |last2=Schneider |first2=Heinz-Dieter |title=Bücker Bü 133 Jungmeister – the most famous aerobatic plane: production in Germany from 1936 to 1941 |magazine=Air-Britain Archive |date=Spring 2017 |pages=7–12 |issn=0262-4923}}
  • {{cite magazine |title=The Wellesley: Geodetics in Action |magazine=Air International |date=July 1980 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=25–33, 49–50 |issn=0306-5634 |ref={{harvid|Air International July 1980}} }}

{{Aviation timelines navbox}}

Category:Aviation by year