1993 in paleontology

{{Short description|none}}

{{Year nav topic5|1993|paleontology|science}}

{{commons category}}

{{Year in paleontology header|1993}}

Flora

=Plants=

class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
Name

! Novelty

! Status

! Authors

! Age

! Unit

! Location

! Notes

! Images

Araucarioxylon hoodii{{cite journal |last1=Tidwell |first1=W.D. |last2=Medlyn |first2=D.A. |title=Conifer wood from the Upper Jurassic of Utah, Part II—Araucarioxylon hoodii sp. nov. |journal=The Palaeobotanist |date=1993 |volume=42 |pages=1–7}}

|

Sp nov

|

jr synonym

|

(Tidwell & Medlyn) Gee et al

|

Late Jurassic

|

Morrison Formation

|

{{Flag|USA}}
{{flag|Utah}}

|

An araucariaceous petrified wood.
Moved to Agathoxylon hoodii (2019){{cite journal |last1=Gee |first1=C. |last2=Sprinkel |first2=D. |last3=Bennis |first3=M. B. |last4=Gray |first4=D. |title=Silicified logs of Agathoxylon hoodii (Tidwell et Medlyn) comb. nov. from Rainbow Draw, near Dinosaur National Monument, Uintah County, Utah, USA, and their implications for araucariaceous conifer forests in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. |journal=Geology of the Intermountain West |date=2019 |volume=6 |pages=77–92|doi=10.31711/giw.v6.pp77-92 |s2cid=214069192 |doi-access=free }}

|

Arthropods

=Insects=

class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
Name

! Novelty

! Status

! Authors

! Age

! Unit

! Location

! Notes

! Images

Lixus (Eulixus) balazuci{{cite journal |last1=Voisin |first1=J. F. |last2=Nel |first2= A. |year= 1993 |title= Un Lixus fossile du Miocène français (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) |journal= Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France |volume=98 |pages=19–21|doi=10.3406/bsef.1993.17854 |s2cid=131790696 }}

|

Gen et sp nov

|

Valid

|

Voisin & Nel

|

Turolian

|

|

{{Flag|France}}

|

A Curculionid weevil

|

File:Lixus (Eulixus) balazuci holotype MNHN.F.R10381 right side direct light.jpg]]

Mesoepiophlebia veronicae{{cite journal |last1=Nel |first1= A. |last2= Henrotay |first2= M. |year= 1993 |title= Taxonomy; Les "Anisozygoptera" fossiles Phylogenie et classification (Odonata) |journal= Martinia |volume=3 |pages=1–311}}

|

Gen et sp nov

|

Valid

|

Nel & Henrotay

|

Toarcian

|

Bascharage

|

{{Flag|Luxembourg}}

|

A sphenophlebiid dragonfly. Type species M. veronicae

|

File:Mesoepiophlebia veronicae holotype MNHN.F.R10393 part side direct lighting wetted.jpg]]

Miofibla{{cite journal |last1=Nel |first1=A. |year=1993 |title=Nouveaux Raphidioptères fossiles du Cénozoïque de France et d'Espagne |journal=École Pratique des Hautes Études, Biologie et Évolution des Insectes |volume=6 |pages=99–108}}

|

Gen et sp nov

|

jr synonym

|

Nel

|

Late Miocene

|

|

{{Flag|Spain}}

|

An inocellid snakefly,
moved to Fibla (Reisserella) cerdanica in 2002

|

File:Fibla (Reisserella) cerdanica holotype MNHN.F.R10418 part side direct lighting.jpg]]

Ohmella coffini

|

Sp nov

|

Valid

|

Nel

|

Turolian

|

Montagne d'Andance

|

{{Flag|France}}

|

A snakefly

|

File:Ohmella coffini holotype MNHN part side direct lighting.jpg]]

Paraplagiophlebia

|

Gen et sp nov

|

Valid

|

Nel & Henrotay

|

Toarcian

|

Bascharage

|

{{Flag|Luxembourg}}

|

A Myopophlebiid dragonfly, type species P. marcusi

|

File:Paraheterophlebia marcusi holotype MNHN.F.R10383 part side direct lighting wetted.jpg]]

Paraoligolestes{{cite journal |last1=Nel |first1=A |last2=Escuillé |first2=F. |year=1993 |title=Découverte d'un nouveau genre de Sieblosiidae dans le Miocène supérieur de l'Ardèche (France) [Odonata, Zygoptera, Lestoidea, Sieblosiidae) |journal=Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie |series=Nouvelle Série |volume=10 |pages=233–242}}

|

Gen et sp nov

|

Valid

|

Nel & Escuillé

|

Turolian

|

|

{{Flag|France}}

|

A Sieblosiid damselfly, type species P. miocenicus

|

File:Paraoligolestes miocenicus holotype MNHN.F.R10382 direct light.jpg]]

Paraplagiophlebia

|

Gen et sp nov

|

Valid

|

Nel & Henrotay

|

Toarcian

|

Bascharage

|

{{Flag|Luxembourg}}

|

A Myopophlebiid dragonfly, type species P. loneuxi

|

File:Paraplagiophlebia loneuxi holotype MNHN.F.R10385 part side direct lighting wet.jpg]]

Archosauromorphs

=Pseudosuchians=

class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
Name

! Novelty

! Status

! Authors

! Age

! Unit

! Location

! Notes

! Images

Shuvosaurus{{cite journal | author = Chatterjee S | year = 1993 | title = Shuvosaurus a new theropod | journal = Nat Geogr. Res. Exploration | volume = 9 | issue = 3| pages = 274–285 }}

|

|

Valid taxon

|

Chatterjee

|

Late Triassic (mid Norian)

|

Cooper Canyon Formation

|

{{Flag|United States}} ({{Flag|Texas}})

|

A shuvosaurid.

|

File:Shuvosaurus BW.jpg]]

=Non-avian dinosaurs=

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.{{cite web | last = Olshevsky | first = George | title = Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List | url = http://www.polychora.com/dinolist.html | accessdate = 2008-08-07 | archive-date = 2011-07-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110715102453/http://www.polychora.com/dinolist.html | url-status = dead }}

class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
Name

! Status

! colspan="2" | Authors

!Location

! class="unsortable" | Notes

!Images

AnasazisaurusHunt, A.P. and S.G. Lucas. 1993. Cretaceous

vertebrates of New Mexico. In: Vertebrate

Paleontology in New Mexico (A.P. Hunt and S.G.

Lucas, eds.). New Mexico Museum of Natural

History and Science Bulletin 2: pp. 77-91.

| Valid taxon

|style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|

  • Hunt

|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|

  • S. G. Lucas

|

  • {{Flag|United States}} ({{Flag|New Mexico}})

|

|

Argentinosaurus{{cite journal | author = Bonaparte J.F., Coria R.A. | year = 1993 | title = Un nuevo y gigantesco sauropodo titanosaurio de la Formacion Rio Limay (Albiano- Cenomaniano) de la Provincia de Neuquen, Argentina | journal = Ameghiniana | volume = 30 | issue = 3| pages = 271–282 }}

| Valid taxon

|style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|

|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|

|

  • {{Flag|Argentina}}

|A sauropod of 75 to 100 tons and 35 meters in length.

|Image:Argentinosaurus BW.jpg]]

"Elvisaurus"

| nomen nudum later named Cryolophosaurus

|style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|

  • Holmes

|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|

|

|

|

Eoraptor{{cite journal | author1 = Sereno P.C.|author2=Forster C.A.|author3=Rogers R.R.|author4=Monetta A.M. | year = 1993 | title = Primitive dinosaur skeleton from Argentina and the early evolution of Dinosauria | journal = Nature | volume = 361 |issue=6407 | pages = 64–66 |doi=10.1038/361064a0 |bibcode=1993Natur.361...64S |s2cid=4270484 }}

| Valid taxon

|style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|

|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|

  • Rogers
  • Monetta

|

  • {{Flag|Argentina}}

|A primitive saurischian.

|Image:Eopraptor sketch5.png]]

IuticosaurusLe Loeuff, J. 1993. European titanosaurids.

Revue de Paléobiologie, Mém. Sp. 7: pp. 105 -

117.

| Valid taxon

|style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|

  • Le Loeuff

|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|

|

|

|

KlamelisaurusZhao, X. 1993. A new Middle Jurassic sauropod

subfamily (Klamelisaurinae subfam.nov.) from

Xinjiang Autonomous Region. China Institute of

Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,

Academia Sinica Vertebrata PalAsiatica 31 (2 –

April 2, 1993): pp. 132-138.

| Valid taxon

|style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|

  • Zhao X.

|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|

|

  • {{Flag|China}}

|

|

Malawisaurus{{cite journal | author = Jacobs L. D. Winkler, Gomani E. | year = 1993 | title = New material of an Early Cretaceous titanosaurid dinosaur from Malawi | journal = Palaeontology | volume = 36 | issue = 3| pages = 523–534 }}

| Valid taxon

|style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|

  • Jacobs
  • Winkler

|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|

  • W. R. Downs
  • Gomani,

|

  • {{Flag|Malawi}}

|A Sauropod dinosaur from Malawi.

|File:August 1, 2012 - Malawisaurus on Display at the Royal Ontario Museum.jpg]]

"Mononychus"{{cite journal |author1=Perle A. |author2=Norell M.A. |author3=Chiappe L.M. |author4=Clark J.M. | year = 1993 | title = Flightless bird from the Cretaceous of Mongolia | journal = Nature | volume = 362 | issue = 6421| pages = 623–626 | doi = 10.1038/362623a0 |bibcode=1993Natur.362..623A |s2cid=4252852 }}

| Preoccupied name, later respelled Mononykus

|style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|

|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|

|

|

|

Mononykus

| Valid taxon

|style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|

|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|

|

  • {{Flag|Mongolia}}

|A small Mongolian alvaresaur.

|Image:Mononykus Restoration.png was originally spelled "Mononychus."]]

Naashoibitosaurus

| Valid taxon

|style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|

  • Hunt

|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|

  • S. G. Lucas,

|

  • {{Flag|United States}} ({{Flag|New Mexico}})

|

|

PararhabdodonCasanovas-Cladellas, M.L., J.V. Santafe-Llopis,

and A. Isidro-Llorens. 1993. Pararhabdodon

isonense n. gen. n. sp. (Dinosauria) Estudio

morfologico, radio-tomografico y consideraciones

biomecanicas. Paleontologia i Evolució, tomo 26-

27: pp. 121-131.

| Valid taxon

|style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|

  • Casanovas-Cladellas
  • Santafé-Llopis

|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|

  • Isidro-Llorens

|

  • {{Flag|Spain}}

|A Spanish Tsintaosaurin Hadrosaur.

|

TianchisaurusDong, Z. 1993. An ankylosaur (Ornithischian

dinosaur) from the Middle Jurassic of the

Juanggar Basin, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica

[no volume number available]: pp. 257-266.

| Valid taxon

|style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|

|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|

|

  • {{Flag|China}}

|

|

TsagantegiaTumanova, T.A. 1993. On a new armoured

dinosaur from Southeastern Gobi.

Paleontologischeskii Zhurnal (1993) 2: pp. 92-98

(Paleontological Journal 27 (2): pp. 119-125).

| Valid taxon

|style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|

  • Tumanova

|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|

|

  • {{Flag|Mongolia}}

|

|

Utahraptor{{cite journal | author1 = Kirkland J.I.|author2=Burge D.|author3=Gaston R. | year = 1993 | title = A large dromaeosaur (Theropoda) from the Lower Cretcaeous of eastern Utah | journal = Hunteria | volume = 2 | issue = 10| pages = 1–16 }}

| Valid taxon

|style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|

|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|

  • Gaston

|

  • {{Flag|United States}} ({{Flag|Utah}})

|A bear-size Dromaeosaur.

|Image:Utahraptor scale.png with a human to scale.]]

=Birds=

class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
Name

! Status

! Novelty

! Authors

! Age

! Unit

! Location

! Notes

! Images

Archaeopteryx bavarica{{Cite journal|author=Peter Wellnhofer |year=1993 |title=Das Siebte Exemplar von Archaeopteryx aus den Solnhofer Schichten |url=http://www.pfeil-verlag.de/07pala/d288xd11.html |journal=Archaeopteryx |volume=11 |pages=1–48 }}

|

Valid ?

|

Sp. nov.

|

Peter Wellnhofer

|

Late Jura

|

Portlandian,

Solnhofer Plattenkalk

|

  • {{flag|Germany}}

|

An Archaopterygidae, the 7th Archaeopteryx specimen (Solnhofer Aktien-Verein specimen). Often seen as synonymous with Archaeopteryx lithographica von Meyer, 1861.

|

Chaoyangia beishanensis{{Cite journal|author1=Lianhai Hou |author2=Jiangyong Zhang |year=1993 |title=A New Fossil Bird from Lower Cretaceous of Liaoning |url=http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/200812/W020090813370689850175.pdf |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |volume=31 |issue= 3 |pages=217–224 }}

|

Valid

|

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

|

Hou Lianhai

Zhang Jiangyong

|

Early Cretaceous

|

Valanginian,

Jiufotang Formation

|

  • {{flag|China}}

|

An Ornithurae, Chaoyangiiformes Hou, 1997, Chaoyangiidae Hou, 1997.{{Cite journal|author=Lianhai Hou |year=1997 |title=Mesozoic Birds of China |url=http://www.paleoglot.net/files/Hou_00.pdf |journal=Natou, Taiwan: Taiwan Feng Huang Gu Bird Garden, English Translation |pages=1–153 }}

|

Corvus fangshannus{{Cite journal|author=Hou Lianhai |year=1993 |title=Avian Fossils of Pleistocene from Zhoukoudian |journal=Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology. Academia Sinica. Science Press, Beijing |volume=19 |pages=165–297 }}

|

Valid

|

Sp. nov.

|

Hou Lianhai

|

Pleistocene

|

Cave deposits

|

  • {{flag|China}}

|

A Corvidae.

|

Coturnix gomerae{{Cite journal |author1=Damià Jaume |author2=Miguel McMinn |author3=Josep A. Alcover |year=1993 |title=The Fossil Birds from the Bujero del Silo, La Gomera (Canary Islands) with a Description of a New Species of Quail (Galliformes, Phasianidae) |url=http://dspace.cm-funchal.pt/bitstream/100/1060/1/Bolmmf_s02_1993_pp147-165.pdf |journal=Boletim do Museo Municipal Funchal, Suplemento |volume=2 |pages=147–165 |access-date=2014-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819232926/http://dspace.cm-funchal.pt/bitstream/100/1060/1/Bolmmf_s02_1993_pp147-165.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-19 |url-status=dead }}

|

Valid

|

Sp. nov.

|

Damià Jaume

Miguel McMinn

Josep A. Alcover

|

Late Pleistocene

|

Cave deposits

|

  • {{flag|Spain}}

|

A Phasianidae.

|

Coua berthae{{Cite journal|author1=Steven M. Goodman |author2=Florent Ravoavy |year=1993 |title=Identification of Bird Subfossils from Cave surface Deposits at Ahjohibe, Madagascar, With a Description of a New Giant Coua (Cuculidae: Couinae) |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34573844#page/42/mode/1up |journal=Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington |volume=106 |issue= 1 |pages=24–33 }}

|

Valid

|

Sp. nov.

|

Steven M. Goodman

Florent Ravoavy

|

Holocene

|

Cave deposits

|

  • {{flag|Madagascar}}

|

A Cuculidae.

|

Enantiornis martini{{Cite journal|author1=Lev A. Nessov |author2=Andrei V. Panteleyev |year=1993 |title=About Similarities of the Late Cretaceous Ornithofauna of South America and Western Asia |journal=Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR |volume=252 |pages=84–94 }}

|

Valid

|

Sp. nov.

|

Lev A. Nessov

Andrei V. Panteleyev

|

Late Cretaceous

|

Coniacian,

Bissekty Formation

|

  • {{flag|Uzbekistan}}

|

An Enantiornithidae, transferred to the New genus Incolornis Panteleyev, 1998 by Panteleyev, 1998{{Cite journal|author=Andrei V. Panteleyev |year=1998 |title=New Species of Enantiornithines (Aves: Enantiornithes) from Upper Cretaceous of Central Kyzylkum |journal=Russian Journal of Ornithology, Express-issue |volume=35 |pages=3–15 }}

|

Enantiornis walkeri

|

Valid

|

Sp. nov.

|

Lev A. Nessov

Andrei V. Panteleyev

|

Late Cretaceous

|

Coniacian,

Bissekty Formation

|

  • {{flag|Uzbekistan}}

|

An Enantiornithidae, transferred to the New genus Explorornis Panteleyev, 1998 by Panteleyev

|

Gallus moldovicus{{Cite journal|author=Nikolay I. Burchak-Abramovich, I. M. Ganea et K. I. Shushpanov |year=1993 |title=[New Gallus species from Upper Pliocene in Moldova.] |journal=Buletinul Academiei de Şţiince a Republicii Moldova 265 (=Şţiince Biologice şi Chimice 4) |pages=45–48; 77 }}

|

1993, In press.

|

Sp. nov.

|

Nikolay I. Burchak-Abramovich

I. M. Ganea

K. I. Shushpanov

|

Late Pliocene

|

Tchichmiknoia

|

  • {{flag|Moldova}}

|

Phasianidae, I have not seen the paper, but it is mentioned in the Sape Newsletter, 1993{{Cite journal |author=Cécile Mourer-Chauviré |year=1993 |title=INFORMATION LETTER |url=http://www2.nrm.se/ve/birds/sape/sapenews7.html.en |journal=Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution |volume=7 |access-date=2014-08-19 |archive-date=2015-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130002947/http://www2.nrm.se/ve/birds/sape/sapenews7.html.en |url-status=dead }} and in Mlíkovský, 2002.

.

|

Hesperornis rossicus{{Cite journal|author1=Lev A. Nessov |author2=A. A. Yarkov |year=1993 |title=Hesperornithiformes in Russia |journal=Russian Journal of Ornithology |volume=2 |pages=37–54 }}

|

Valid

|

Sp. nov.

|

Lev A. Nessov

A. A. Yarkov

|

Late Cretaceous

|

Late Campanian

|

  • {{flag|Kazakhstan}}

|

A Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer, 1888, Hesperornithidae Marsh, 1872.

|

Lectavis bretincola{{Cite journal|author=Luis M. Chiappe |year=1993 |title=Enantiotnithine (Aves) Tarsometatarsi from the Cretaceous Lecho Formation of Northwestern Argentina |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/handle/2246/4981//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/nov/N3083.pdf?sequence=1 |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=3083 |pages=1–27 }}

|

Valid

|

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

|

Luis M. Chiappe

|

Late Cretaceous

|

Maastrichtian,

Lecho Formation

|

  • {{flag|Argentina}}

|

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, this is the type species of the new genus.

|

Murunkus subitus{{Cite journal|author1=Andrei V. Panteleyev |author2=Lev A. Nessov |year=1993 |title=A Small Tubunare (Aves: Procellariiformes) from the Eoceen of Middle Asia |journal=Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR |volume=252 |pages=95–103 }}

|

Valid

|

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

|

Andrei V. Panteleyev

Lev A. Nessov

|

Middle Eocene

|

Central Kizylkum Desert

|

  • {{flag|Uzbekistan}}

|

A Diomedeidae

|

Orthonyx kaldowinyeri{{Cite journal|author=Walter E. Boles |year=1993 |title=A Logrunner Orthonyx (Passeriformes: Orthonychidae) from the Miocene of Riversleigh, Northwestern Queensland |url=http://www.create.unsw.edu.au/research/files/Boles%20(1993)%20A%20Logrunner%20Orthonyx%20(Passeriformes,%20Orthonychi.pdf |journal=Emu |volume=93 |issue= 1 |pages=44–49 |doi=10.1071/mu9930044}}

|

Valid

|

Sp. nov.

|

Walter E. Boles

|

Middle-Late Miocene

|

Riversleigh

|

  • {{flag|Australia}}

|

An Orthonychidae.

|

Orthonyx wakefieldi{{Cite journal|author=Robert F. Baird |year=1993 |title=Pleistocene Avian Fossils from Pyramids Cave (M-89), Eastern Victoria, Australia |journal=Alcheringa |volume=17 |issue= 4 |pages=383–404 |doi=10.1080/03115519308619600}}

|

Valid

|

Sp. nov.

|

Robert F. Baird

|

Late Pleistocene

|

Cave deposits

|

  • {{flag|Australia}}

|

An Orthonychidae.

|

Pengana robertbolesi{{Cite journal|author=Walter E. Boles |year=1993 |title=Pengana robertbolesi, a Peculiar Bird of Prey from the Tertiary of Riversleigh, Northwestern Queensland, Australia |journal=Alcheringa |volume=17 |issue= 1 |pages=19–25 |doi=10.1080/03115519308619485}}

|

Valid

|

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

|

Walter E. Boles

|

Late Oligocene-Early Miocene

|

Sticky Beak Local Fauna

|

  • {{flag|Australia}}

|

An Accipitridae, this is the type species of the new genus.

|

Proornis coreae{{Cite journal|author=Sop & Lim Yong Nam |year=1996 |title=Section 5. Mesozoic Era |journal=In: Paek Ryong Jun & Kang Hyong Gap, 1996: Geology of Korea Institute of Geology, State Academy of Sciences, DPR of Korea, Foreign Languages Books Publishing House |pages=155–188, 584–599}}

|

Nomen Nudum

|

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

|

Lin ?

|

Early Cretaceous

|

?Barremian

|

  • {{flag|North Korea}}

|

A possible Confuciusornithidae, the famous "Archaopteryx of Korea", there is not a valid description of this specimen, so the name is a Nomen Nudum.

|

Pycnoptilus fordi

|

Valid

|

Sp. nov.

|

Robert F. Baird

|

Late Pleistocene

|

Cave deposits

|

  • {{flag|Australia}}

|

An Acanthizidae.

|

Soroavisaurus australis

|

Valid

|

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

|

Luis M. Chiappe

|

Late Cretaceous

|

Maastrichtian,

Lecho Formation

|

  • {{flag|Argentina}}

|

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Avisauridae Brett-Surman et Paul, 1985,{{Cite journal|author1=Michael K. Brett-Surman |author2=Gregory S. Paul |year=1985 |title=A New Family of Bird-Like Dinosaurs Linking Laurasia and Gondwanaland |url=http://gspauldino.com/Newfamily.pdf |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=5 |issue= 2 |pages=133–138 |doi=10.1080/02724634.1985.10011851}} this is the type species of the new genus.

|

Tyto jinniushanensis{{Cite journal |author=LianHai Hou |year=1993 |title=Avian Fossils on the Jinniushan Paleolithic Site |url=http://www2.nrm.se/ve/birds/sape/GlobalOwlProject/Fossil_owls/Tyto%20jinniushanensis%20Hou%201993.pdf |journal=Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Palaeoanthropology |volume=19 |pages=39–40 + 153–159 |access-date=2014-08-19 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224638/http://www2.nrm.se/ve/birds/sape/GlobalOwlProject/Fossil_owls/Tyto%20jinniushanensis%20Hou%201993.pdf |url-status=dead }}

|

Valid

|

Sp. nov.

|

Hou LianHai

|

Pleistocene

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Cave deposits

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  • {{flag|China}}

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A Tytonidae.

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Yungavolucris brevipedalis

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Valid

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Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

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Luis M. Chiappe

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Late Cretaceous

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Maastrichtian,

Lecho Formation

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  • {{flag|Argentina}}

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An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, this is the type species of the new genus.

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=Plesiosaurs=

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AttenborosaurusBakker, R. T., 1993, Plesiosaur Extinction Cycles – events that mark the beginning, middle and end of the Cretaceous: In: Evolution of the Western Interior Basin: Geological Association of Canada, edited by Caldwell, W. G. E., and Kauffman, E. G., Special Paper 39, p. 641-664.

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Valid

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Bakker

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Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian)

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Blue Lias

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{{Flag|United Kingdom}}

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A plesiosaurid.

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File:Attenborosaurus BW.jpg]]

References