1 Kings 7

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language and since the 16th century is divided into 51 verses.

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}} Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, that is, 4Q54 (4QKings; 50–25 BCE) with extant verses 20–21, 25–27, 29–42, 51.{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|pp=324–327}}{{Cite web|url=https://thewaytoyahuweh.com/dead-sea-scrolls/general-info/#1_kings|title=General Info | The Way To Yahuweh}}{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=35}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/manuscript/4Q54-1|title=The Dead Sea Scrolls - 4Q Kings|website=The Dead Sea Scrolls - 4Q Kings}}

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^A; 5th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}{{efn|The whole book of 1 Kings is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.{{Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Codex Sinaiticus}}}}

• {{bibleverse|1 Kings|7:13–22|9}}: {{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|3:14–17|9}}[https://biblehub.com/bsb/1_kings/7.htm 1 Kings 7], Berean Study Bible
• {{bibleverse|1 Kings|7:23–26|9}}: {{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|4:1–5|9}}
• {{bibleverse|1 Kings|7:38–39|9}}: {{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|4:6–8|9}}
• {{bibleverse|1 Kings|7:40–47|9}}: {{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|4:11–18|9}}
• {{bibleverse|1 Kings|7:48–51|9}}: {{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|4:19–22|9}}

1 Kings 6 to 7 cover the building of the temple, with insertions of information about Solomon's palace, the "house of the forest of Lebanon", the hall of the throne, the hall of judgment, and a house for Pharaoh's daughter (1 Kings 7:1–12).{{sfn|Leithart|2006|p=55}}

The temple was actually integrated into a larger complex of government buildings, by itself is comparable to a palace chapel.{{sfn|Dietrich|2007|p=238}} Other buildings were larger and taken in all almost twice as long to build than the Temple alone (13 years vs. 7 years),{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=501 Hebrew Bible}} but seems to share similar architectural style and material.{{sfn|Dietrich|2007|p=238}} The monumental 'House of the Forest of the Lebanon' was apparently named for its richly crafted and precious Lebanese timber, measuring roughly 50x25 meter with 45 pillars supporting the ceiling and partly an upper floor (perhaps functions as the royal bodyguard's armoury and quarters, cf. 1 Kings 10:17; Isaiah 22:8).{{sfn|Dietrich|2007|p=238}}

:There were windows with beveled frames in three rows, and window was opposite window in three tiers.{{bibleref2|1 Kings|7:4|NKJV}} NKJV

• "Windows" from Hebrew: {{lang|he|שְׁקֻפִים}}, the same word as in 1 Kings 6:4 denoting "beams" or "lattices" ("beam layers" according to Keil; {{lang|grc|πλευρῶν}} in Septuagint). They were arranged in "three rows" (or "tiers"), probably referring to 'three stories formed by the three rows of beams', so that the side chambers had 'their windows exactly vis-a-vis in each of the three stories' (as explained by Josephus: {{lang|grc|θυρώμασι τριγλύφοις}}, "windows in three divisions" in Ant., 7:05.2).Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/1_kings/7.htm On "1 Kings 7".] In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019.

{{main|Solomon's Temple}}

File:SolomonsTemple.png

The big structures and furnishings in the temple of Solomon were crafted by a Phoenician craftsman called Hiram (or Ahiram), especially the two pillars which stood at the entrance to the temple (verses 15–22), and the circular bronze sea ("molten sea"; verses 23–26), among those listed in verses 40–47.{{sfn|Dietrich|2007|p=238}} A note states that Solomon established his own ore-refinery in the Jordan valley to produce the necessary bronze material. {{sfn|Dietrich|2007|p=238}} Other holy instruments and royal blessing-gifts were richly covered with gold (verses 48–51). {{sfn|Dietrich|2007|p=238}}

File:Baumeister-Hiram-Erbauer-des-Salomonischen-Tempels.png

:{{sup|13}} And King Solomon sent and brought Hiram from Tyre.

:{{sup|14}} He was the son of a widow of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in bronze. And he was full of wisdom, understanding, and skill for making any work in bronze. He came to King Solomon and did all his work.{{bibleref2|1 Kings|7:13–14|MEV}} MEV

• "Hiram from Tyre": called "Huram-abi" in 2 Chronicles 2:13, not to be confused with the Phoenician king in 1 Kings 5.{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=502 Hebrew Bible}} Spelled as "Hiram Abiff, he becomes the central character of an allegory presented to all candidates during the third degree in Freemasonry.[http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/legend_hiram_abif.html Pietre Stones] Kent Henderson, The Legend of Hiram Abif, retrieved 14 September 2012

{{main|Boaz and Jachin}}

File:St John's Church, Chester - Hiram-Fenster 2.jpg

:And he set up the pillars in the porch of the temple: and he set up the right pillar, and called the name thereof Jachin: and he set up the left pillar, and called the name thereof Boaz.{{bibleverse|1 Kings|7:21|KJV}} KJV

These two pillars most likely were not support structures, but were free standing, based on similar pillars in other nearby contemporary temples.{{cite journal|title=The Pillars Jachin and Boaz|author=R. B. Y. Scott|journal=Journal of Biblical Literature|volume=58|pages=143–149|number=2|jstor=3259857|year=1939|doi=10.2307/3259857}}

File:Brazen Sea of soloman From Jewish Encyclopedia.jpg

File:Holman Molten Sea.jpg

{{See also|Molten Sea}}

: And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other: it was round all about, and his height was five cubits: and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about.{{bibleverse|1 Kings|7:23|KJV}} KJV

• Cross reference: 2 Chronicles 4:2
• "5 cubits": a length measurement of about 7.5 feet or 2.3 meters.Note [a] on 2 Chronicles 4:2 in MEV
• "30 cubits": about 45 feet or 14 meters.Note on 1 Kings 7:23 in MEV

The approximation of the mathematical constant "{{pi}}" ("pi"), defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, can apparently be calculated from this verse as 30 cubits divided by 10 cubits to yield "3". However, Matityahu Hacohen Munk observed that the spelling for "line" in Hebrew, normally written as {{lang|he|קו}} {{Strong-number|qaw|h|6957}}, in {{bibleref2|1 Kings|7:23|HE}} is written (ketiv) as {{lang|he|קוה}} {{Strong-number|qaweh|H|06961}}. Using gematria, qaweh yields "111" whereas qaw yields "106", so when used in calculation $\backslash frac\{30\}\{10\}\; *\; \backslash frac\; \{111\}\{\{106\}\}$ it results in {{pi}} = "3.1415094", very close to the modern definition of "3.1415926".Missler, Chuck. [http://www.khouse.org/articles/1998/158/ The Value of Pi: Hidden Codes in the Bible]. April 1, 1998. This finding was also reported by Shlomo Edward G. Belaga, in the page by Boaz Tsaban "Rabbinical Math" and in the book by Grant Jeffrey, "The Handwriting of God", Frontier Research Publications, Toronto Ontario, 1997.Munk, Matityahu Hacohen. Three Geometric Problems in the Bible and Talmud. Sinai 51 (1962), 218-227 (in Hebrew); Munk, Matityahu Hacohen. The Halachic Way in Solving Special Geometric Problems. Hadarom 27 (1968), 115-133 (in Hebrew). Cited i: Tsaban, Boaz; Garber, David. [http://u.cs.biu.ac.il/~tsaban/Pdf/latexpi.pdf On the Rabbinical Approximation of Pi], Historia Mathematica 25 (1998), pp. 75-84. Charles Ryrie gives another explanation based on 1 Kings 7:26 (cf. 2 Chronicles 4:5) that the molten sea has a brim of a handbreadth (about 4 inches or 10 cm) wide, so when the inside diameter, subtracting 10 cubits (about 180 inches or 4.6 meter; from outer "brim to brim") with 2 times 4 inches (two handbreadth) to yield 172 inches (4.4 meter), is divided by {{pi}}, it results in 540 inches (45 feet or 14 meter or 30 cubits) which is the circumference given in this verse.Ryrie, Charles (1986). Basic Theology. Wheaton, Illinois: SP Publications, p. 99.

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

• David
• Israel
• Jerusalem
• Lebanon
• Pharaoh's daughter
• Solomon's Temple
• Sukkot
• Tribe of Naphtali
• Tyre}}
• Related Bible parts: 2 Samuel 7, 1 Kings 5, 1 Kings 6, 2 Chronicles 3, 2 Chronicles 4

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book | last = Collins | first = John J. | title = Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures |chapter = Chapter 14: 1 Kings 12 – 2 Kings 25 | pages = 277–296 |publisher = Fortress Press|year = 2014 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fbsoBAAAQBAJ |isbn = 978-1451469233}}
• {{cite book | last= Coogan| first = Michael David | author-link= Michael D. Coogan | title = The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 | editor-last1 = Coogan | editor-first1= Michael David | editor-first2 = Marc Zvi | editor-last2 = Brettler | editor-first3 = Carol Ann | editor-last3 = Newsom | editor-first4= Pheme | editor-last4 = Perkins | edition= Augmented 3rd | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2007 |isbn = 978-0195288810 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ}}
• {{cite book|last= Dietrich | first= Walter | chapter = 13. 1 and 2 Kings | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John | editor-last1 = Barton | editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John | editor-last2= Muddiman | editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press | edition= first (paperback) | year = 2007 | pages = 232–266 | isbn = 978-0199277186 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ | access-date=February 6, 2019}}
• {{cite book|last = Fitzmyer|first = Joseph A.|authorlink= Joseph Fitzmyer |title = A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature|publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC | year = 2008|isbn = 9780802862419|location = Grand Rapids, MI }}
• {{cite book | last= Halley | first= Henry H. | author-link= Henry Hampton Halley | title= Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary |edition=24th (revised)| publisher= Zondervan Publishing House | date= 1965 | url= https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr | url-access= registration| isbn= 0-310-25720-4}}
• {{Cite book | last = Hayes | first = Christine | title = Introduction to the Bible |publisher = Yale University Press | year = 2015 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC |isbn = 978-0300188271}}
• {{cite book |last= Leithart | first = Peter J. | title = 1 & 2 Kings | series = Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible | publisher= Brazos Press | year= 2006 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_gvin9G7LgC | isbn= 978-1587431258 }}
• {{Cite book | last= McKane | first= William | chapter= Kings, Book of |editor1-last = Metzger | editor1-first = Bruce M |editor1-link = Bruce M. Metzger | editor2-last = Coogan | editor2-first = Michael D | title = The Oxford Companion to the Bible | url= https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195046458 | url-access= registration | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1993 | pages= [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195046458/page/409 409]–413 | isbn = 978-0195046458 }}
• {{Cite book | editor1-last = Metzger |editor1-first = Bruce M | editor1-link = Bruce M. Metzger

| editor2-last = Coogan | editor2-first = Michael D | title = The Oxford Companion to the Bible

| publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1993 | isbn = 978-0195046458}}

• {{Cite book | editor-last = Ulrich | editor-first = Eugene | title = The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants | year = 2010 | publisher = Brill | url = https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls }}
• {{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes | isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

• Jewish translations:
• [https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/15891 Melachim I - I Kings - Chapter 7 (Judaica Press)]. Hebrew text and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
• Christian translations:
• [http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=1+Kings+7 Online Bible at GospelHall.org] (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
• [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=11&chapter=7&version=9 1 Kings chapter 7. Bible Gateway]

{{First Book of Kings}}

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07

Category:Phoenicians in the Hebrew Bible