1 Samuel 27

{{Short description|First Book of Samuel chapter}}

{{Bible chapter|letname= 1 Samuel 27 |previouslink= 1 Samuel 26 |previousletter= chapter 26 |nextlink= 1 Samuel 28 | nextletter= chapter 28 |book= First book of Samuel |biblepart=Old Testament | booknum= 9 |hbiblepart= Nevi'im | hbooknum = 3 |category= Former Prophets | filename=Leningrad-codex-08-samuel.pdf | size=250px |caption=The pages containing the Books of Samuel (1 & 2 Samuel) in Leningrad Codex (1008 CE).}}

1 Samuel 27 is the twenty-seventh chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible.{{sfn|Halley|1965|p=183}} According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan,{{cite web |last1=Hirsch |first1=Emil G. |title=SAMUEL, BOOKS OF |url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13080-samuel-books-of |website=www.jewishencyclopedia.com}} but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE.{{sfn|Knight|1995|p=62}}{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=197}} This chapter contains the account of David's escape from Saul's repeated attempts to kill him.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=209}}{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=433 Hebrew Bible}} This is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 16 to 2 Samuel 5 which records the rise of David as the king of Israel.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=207}}

Text

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 12 verses.

= Textual witnesses =

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}} Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 (4QSam{{sup|a}}; 100–50 BCE) with extant verses 1–2, 8–12.{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|p=287}}{{Cite web|date=2018-01-05|title=General Info {{pipe}} The Way To Yahuweh|url=https://thewaytoyahuweh.com/dead-sea-scrolls/general-info/|access-date=2022-11-04|language=en-GB}}{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=35}}{{Cite web|title=The Dead Sea Scrolls – 4Q Multiple Compositions|url=https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/manuscript/4Q51-1?locale=en_US|access-date=2022-11-04|website=The Dead Sea Scrolls – 4Q Multiple Compositions|language=en}}

Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; \mathfrak{G}B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; \mathfrak{G}A; 5th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}{{efn|The whole book of 1 Samuel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.{{Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Codex Sinaiticus}}}}

Places

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{{Anchor|Verses 1–4}}David in Gath (27:1–4)

David decided to cross over into Philistine territory to escape from Saul (verse 1), which was

immediately achieved (verse 4), and stayed as a vassal of King Achish of Gath for one year and four months (verse 7).{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=213}} When the first time David was in Gath, he had to feign insanity to escape (1 Samuel 21:10–15), but this time, with 600 loyal soldiers and the report of his fallout with Saul, David was well received as a group of mercenaries for the Philistines, a common practice in the ancient Near East as documented in various sources.Lemche, N.P (1978) "David's Rise", JSOT 10:12–14Bodi, Daniel (2014) "The story of Samuel, Saul and David", in Ancient Israel's History: An Introduction to Issues and Sources, Bill T. Arnold; Richard S. Hess (eds.), Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, p. 215{{sfn|Evans|2018|pp=270–271}}

= Verse 2 =

:And David arose, and he passed over with the six hundred men that were with him unto Achish, the son of Maoch, king of Gath.{{bibleverse|1 Samuel|27:2|KJV}} KJV

  • "Achish, the son of Maoch": the additional identification of a father may imply this king to be different from the one David met in 1 Samuel 21.{{Cite web|title=1 Samuel 27 Benson Commentary|url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/1_samuel/27.htm|access-date=2022-11-04|website=biblehub.com}} He is considered identical with Achish, son of Maachah (1 Kings 2:39).{{Cite web|title=1 Samuel 27 Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers|url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/ellicott/1_samuel/27.htm|access-date=2022-11-04|website=biblehub.com}}

{{Anchor|Verses 5–12}}David in Ziklag (27:5–12)

For a brief period he and his army lived "in the royal city" with Achish (which is in Gath), but by his own request, he later settled in Ziklag, presumably was given by Achish to him in return for military service and since then became a crown property of Judean kings.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=213}} From Ziklag, David attacked Israel's enemies, the Geshurites, the Girzites, and the Amalekites, but giving the impression to Achish that he was attacking enemies of the Philistines. By conquering these prospective enemies and collecting booty, David actually was making preparations for his kingship.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=213}}

= Verse 6 =

:Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day. Therefore, Ziklag has belonged to the kings of Judah to this day.{{bibleref2|1 Samuel |27:6|MEV}} MEV

  • "Ziklag": allotted to the tribes of Simeon and Judah in Joshua 15:31; 19:5, but the location is unknown, some identifying it with Tell el-Khuweilfeh, north of Beersheba, others with Tell esh-Sheri 'ah, south-east of Gaza.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=213}}{{sfn|Evans|2018|p=272}}

See also

Notes

{{Notelist}}

References

{{Reflist}}

Sources

= Commentaries on Samuel =

{{Refbegin}}

  • {{Cite book|last=Auld|first=Graeme|chapter=1 & 2 Samuel|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA213 |editor=James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson|title=Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible|publisher=Eerdmans|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0}}
  • {{Cite book|last=Bergen|first=David T.|title=1, 2 Samuel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eGT6fWsajqcC |publisher=B&H Publishing Group|year=1996|isbn=978-0-8054-0107-3}}
  • {{Cite book| last=Chapman |first= Stephen B. |title= 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary |publisher= Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company |year= 2016 |isbn= 978-1-4674-4516-0 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kS4XDAAAQBAJ }}
  • {{Cite book| last=Evans |first= Paul |title= 1-2 Samuel | series = The Story of God Bible Commentary | editor-first= Tremper | editor-last= Longman |publisher= Zondervan Academic |year= 2018 |isbn= 978-0-310-49094-4 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Uy8-DwAAQBAJ }}
  • {{Cite book|last=Gordon|first=Robert|title=I & II Samuel, A Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JMJ1ZAnswuUC&dq=I+%26+II+Samuel:+a+commentary+Gordon&pg=PA338|publisher=Paternoster Press |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-310-23022-9}}
  • {{Cite book|last=Hertzberg|first=Hans Wilhelm|title=I & II Samuel, A Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=friNN7IdjOIC&q=Saul+appointed+anointed+instituted&pg=PA19|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|year=1964|edition=trans. from German 2nd edition 1960|isbn=978-0-664-22318-2|page=19}}
  • {{Cite book|last=Tsumura|first=David Toshio|title=The First Book of Samuel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC |publisher=Eerdmans|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8028-2359-5}}

{{Refend}}

= General =

{{Refbegin}}

  • {{Cite book|last=Breytenbach|first=Andries|title=Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets |publisher= Brill| year=2000|chapter=Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative? |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&pg=PA50|editor=Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy|isbn=9789004118713}}
  • {{Cite book | last= Coogan| first = Michael David | author-link= Michael D. Coogan | title = The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 | editor-last1 = Coogan | editor-first1= Michael David | editor-first2 = Marc Zvi | editor-last2 = Brettler | editor-first3 = Carol Ann | editor-last3 = Newsom | editor-first4= Pheme | editor-last4 = Perkins | edition= Augmented 3rd | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2007 |isbn = 978-0-19-528881-0 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ}}
  • {{Cite book|last = Fitzmyer|first = Joseph A. |title = A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature|publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC | year = 2008|isbn = 978-0-8028-6241-9|location = Grand Rapids, MI}}
  • {{Cite book | last= Halley | first= Henry H. | author-link= Henry Hampton Halley | title= Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary |edition=24th (revised)| publisher= Zondervan Publishing House | date= 1965 | url= https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr | url-access= registration| isbn= 0-310-25720-4}}
  • {{Cite book | last = Hayes | first = Christine | title = Introduction to the Bible |publisher = Yale University Press | year = 2015 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC |isbn = 978-0-300-18827-1}}
  • {{Cite book|last= Jones | first= Gwilym H. | chapter = 12. 1 and 2 Samuel | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John | editor-last1 = Barton | editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John | editor-last2= Muddiman | editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press | edition= first (paperback) | year = 2007 | pages = 196–232 | isbn = 978-0-19-927718-6 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ | access-date=February 6, 2019}}
  • {{Cite book|last=Klein|first=R.W.|chapter=Samuel, books of|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C |editor=Bromiley, Geoffrey W|title=The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia|publisher=Eerdmans|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8028-3784-4}}
  • {{Cite book|last=Knight|first=Douglas A|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&q=630+BCE&pg=PA62|editor=James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards|chapter=Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists|title=Old Testament Interpretation|publisher=T&T Clark|year=1995|isbn=978-0-567-29289-6 }}
  • {{Cite book | editor-last = Ulrich | editor-first = Eugene | title = The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants | year = 2010 | publisher = Brill | url = https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls }}
  • {{Cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes | isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

{{Refend}}