2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses

{{Further|Gaza war protests in the United States#Universities}}

Protests, including rallies, demonstrations, campaigns, and vigils related to the Gaza war occurred across the U.S. since the conflict's start on October 7, 2023, alongside other Gaza war protests around the world. Pro-Palestinian protesters criticized Israel's invasion, war conduct, and genocide in Gaza Strip, as well as U.S. military and diplomatic support for Israel.{{cite web|last1=Mukherjee|first1=Rahul|last2=Gordon|first2=Shoshana|title=Pro-Palestinian protests on the rise across the U.S.|url=https://www.axios.com/2023/12/09/palestinian-protests-us-israel-gaza-war|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213163319/https://www.axios.com/2023/12/09/palestinian-protests-us-israel-gaza-war|archive-date=December 13, 2023|access-date=December 14, 2023|website=Axios|date=December 9, 2023}}{{Cite news |last=Maltz |first=Judy |title=More than 1 million Americans participated in protests since Oct 7 |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/2023-12-05/ty-article/.premium/more-than-1-million-americans-participated-in-protests-since-oct-7/0000018c-3bda-d11b-a3bf-fffbed7b0000 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240319233133/https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/2023-12-05/ty-article/.premium/more-than-1-million-americans-participated-in-protests-since-oct-7/0000018c-3bda-d11b-a3bf-fffbed7b0000 |archive-date=2024-03-19 |access-date=2025-02-17 |work=Haaretz.com |language=en}}{{cite web |author= |date=16 November 2023 |title=Gaza: UN experts call on international community to prevent genocide against the Palestinian people |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/11/gaza-un-experts-call-international-community-prevent-genocide-against |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224050530/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/11/gaza-un-experts-call-international-community-prevent-genocide-against |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=22 December 2023 |website=OHCHR |quote=Grave violations committed by Israel against Palestinians in the aftermath of 7 October, particularly in Gaza, point to a genocide in the making, UN experts said today. They illustrated evidence of increasing genocidal incitement, overt intent to "destroy the Palestinian people under occupation", loud calls for a 'second Nakba' in Gaza and the rest of the occupied Palestinian territory, and the use of powerful weaponry with inherently indiscriminate impacts, resulting in a colossal death toll and destruction of life-sustaining infrastructure.}}{{cite report |author=Amnesty International |author-link=Amnesty International |year=2024 |title='You Feel Like You Are Subhuman': Israel's Genocide Against Palestinians In Gaza |url=https://amnesty.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Amnesty-International-Gaza-Genocide-Report-December-4-2024.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205121850/https://amnesty.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Amnesty-International-Gaza-Genocide-Report-December-4-2024.pdf |archive-date=5 December 2024 |url-status=live |quote= This report focuses on the Israeli authorities' policies and actions in Gaza as part of the military offensive they launched in the wake of the Hamas-led attacks on 7 October 2023 while situating them within the broader context of Israel's unlawful occupation, and system of apartheid against Palestinians in Gaza, the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and Israel. It assesses allegations of violations and crimes under international law by Israel in Gaza within the framework of genocide under international law, concluding that there is sufficient evidence to believe that Israel's conduct in Gaza following 7 October 2023 amounts to genocide.}}

Students occupying administrative buildings were arrested at the request of college administrators at Brown University in November{{cite news|last1=Towne|first1=Shaun|title=20 arrested during protest at Brown University|url=https://www.wpri.com/news/local-news/providence/police-make-arrests-during-protest-at-brown-university/|access-date=May 7, 2024|publisher=WPRI|date=November 8, 2023|archive-date=May 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508140219/https://www.wpri.com/news/local-news/providence/police-make-arrests-during-protest-at-brown-university/|url-status=live}} and December 2023,{{cite news|last1=Doiron|first1=Sarah|title=41 students arrested during Brown University protest|url=https://www.wpri.com/news/local-news/providence/41-students-arrested-during-brown-university-protest/|access-date=May 7, 2024|publisher=WPRI|date=December 12, 2023|archive-date=May 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508140220/https://www.wpri.com/news/local-news/providence/41-students-arrested-during-brown-university-protest/|url-status=live}} and at Pomona College on April 5, 2024.{{cite news|last1=Rust|first1=Susanne|title=20 Pomona College protesters arrested after storming, occupying president's office|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-06/pomona-college-protesters-arrested|access-date=May 7, 2024|work=Los Angeles Times|date=April 6, 2024|archive-date=May 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508141040/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-06/pomona-college-protesters-arrested|url-status=live}} In March 2024,{{Cite web|last=Perrotta|first=Rachael|date=March 27, 2024|title=Provost C. Cybele Raver notifies Vanderbilt community about sit-in, includes video of students entering Kirkland Hall|url=https://vanderbilthustler.com/2024/03/26/provost-c-cybele-raver-notifies-vanderbilt-community-about-sit-in-includes-video-of-students-entering-kirkland-hall/|access-date=2024-05-09|website=The Vanderbilt Hustler|archive-date=May 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501225314/https://vanderbilthustler.com/2024/03/26/provost-c-cybele-raver-notifies-vanderbilt-community-about-sit-in-includes-video-of-students-entering-kirkland-hall/|url-status=live}} after protesters occupied the president's office at Vanderbilt University, the university suspended students and expelled three. These were "believed to be the first student expulsions over protests related to the Israel-Hamas conflict", according to The New York Times.{{Cite news|last=Peters|first=Jeremy W.|date=April 18, 2024|title=Colleges Warn Student Demonstrators: Enough|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/18/us/politics/colleges-protests-israel-war.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506042343/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/18/us/politics/colleges-protests-israel-war.html|archive-date=May 6, 2024|access-date=2024-05-09|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}

{{Main|List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in 2024}}

File:Bulldozer Demolishing a Barricade.jpg, May 8|left]]

By May 6, 2024, student protests had occurred in 45 of the 50 states in the United States and the District of Columbia, with encampments, occupations, walkouts or sit-ins on almost 140 campuses.{{Cite news |last=Looker |first=Rachel |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Columbia University cancels main graduation amid protests |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68965723 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508035141/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68965723 |archive-date=May 8, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-08 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}} Thirty-four encampments were established in the United Kingdom;{{cite news |author=Devinder Bains |date=4 June 2024 |title="We're In It For The Long Haul": 4 British Students On Why They're Joining Campus Protests Across The UK |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/pro-palestine-student-camps-uk-protests |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627201711/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/pro-palestine-student-camps-uk-protests |archive-date=June 27, 2024 |access-date=June 27, 2024 |work=Vogue}} across universities in Australia,{{Cite web |date=2024-05-03 |title=Pro-Palestinian protesters set up encampments at universities in Australia |url=https://apnews.com/article/australia-palestinian-israel-campus-protests-e555a47c5de7d1b963197704ebf89611 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512094407/https://apnews.com/article/australia-palestinian-israel-campus-protests-e555a47c5de7d1b963197704ebf89611 |archive-date=May 12, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=AP News |language=en}} beginning with the University of Sydney;{{Cite news |last=Dumas |first=Daisy |date=2024-05-01 |title=Australian university students are camping out in support of Gaza. Here's what you need to know |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/may/01/australian-university-students-gaza-encampment-pro-palestinian-camping-protests |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501052749/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/may/01/australian-university-students-gaza-encampment-pro-palestinian-camping-protests |archive-date=May 1, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-02 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} and in Canada, including an encampment at McGill University.{{Cite web |last=Regan |first=Helen |date=2024-05-03 |title=Where pro-Palestinian university protests are happening around the world |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/03/world/pro-palestinian-university-protests-worldwide-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509091228/https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/03/world/pro-palestinian-university-protests-worldwide-intl-hnk/index.html |archive-date=May 9, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=CNN |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Regan |first=Helen |date=May 3, 2024 |title=Where pro-Palestinian university protests are happening around the world |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/03/world/pro-palestinian-university-protests-worldwide-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509091228/https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/03/world/pro-palestinian-university-protests-worldwide-intl-hnk/index.html |archive-date=May 9, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-12 |publisher=CNN |language=en}} On May 7, protests spread further on European campuses after mass arrests at the University of Amsterdam campus occupation,{{Cite web |date=2024-05-07 |title=Pro-Palestinian student protests spread across Europe. Some are allowed. Some are stopped |url=https://apnews.com/article/amsterdam-campus-protest-gaza-europe-palestinians-israel-1eeb4e07231ebcc6776319ff0663db66 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508142930/https://apnews.com/article/amsterdam-campus-protest-gaza-europe-palestinians-israel-1eeb4e07231ebcc6776319ff0663db66 |archive-date=May 8, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=AP News |language=en}} including occupation of campus buildings at Leipzig University in Germany, Sciences Po in France, and Ghent University in Belgium.{{Cite news |last=Kassam |first=Ashifa |date=2024-05-08 |title=Clashes and arrests as pro-Palestinian protests spread across European campuses |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/08/pro-palestine-student-protests-campuses-europe-arrests-police |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508232024/https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/08/pro-palestine-student-protests-campuses-europe-arrests-police |archive-date=May 8, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-08 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} By May 8, protests had taken place in more than 25 countries,{{Cite web |last= |date=April 29, 2024 |title=Mapping pro-Palestine college campus protests around the world |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/29/mapping-pro-palestine-campus-protests-around-the-world |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501002135/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/29/mapping-pro-palestine-campus-protests-around-the-world |archive-date=May 1, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}} and on May 13, approximately 1,000 Dutch students and university staff took part in a national walk-out.{{Cite web |title=Amsterdam: Police move in after pro-Palestinian protesters occupy university buildings |url=https://news.sky.com/story/amsterdam-police-move-in-after-pro-palestinian-protesters-occupy-university-buildings-13135095 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513154451/https://news.sky.com/story/amsterdam-police-move-in-after-pro-palestinian-protesters-occupy-university-buildings-13135095 |archive-date=May 13, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=Sky News |language=en}}

{{Main|Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus protests and occupations during the Gaza war}}

{{Multiple image

| perrow = 1

| total_width = 310

| image1 = Columbia first Gaza Solidarity Encampment post NYPD arrests.jpg

| image2 = Columbia_reinstated_Gaza_Solidarity_Encampment,_day_5_wide.jpg

| image3 =

| image4 =

| footer_align = center

| footer = {{plainlist|

• First encampment after arrests, April 18
• Growth of second encampment, April 23

}}

}}

A series of occupation protests by pro-Palestinian students occurred at Columbia University in New York City from April to June 2024, in the context of the broader Gaza war protests in the United States. The protests began on April 17, 2024, when pro-Palestinian students established an encampment of approximately 50 tents on campus, calling it the Gaza Solidarity Encampment, and demanded that the university divest from Israel.{{Cite web |last=Goldstein |first=Judy |title=In Focus: The first 24 hours of the 'Gaza Solidarity Encampment' |url=https://www.columbiaspectator.com/main/2024/04/18/in-focus-the-first-24-hours-of-the-gaza-solidarity-encampment/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419171600/https://www.columbiaspectator.com/main/2024/04/18/in-focus-the-first-24-hours-of-the-gaza-solidarity-encampment/ |archive-date=April 19, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=Columbia Daily Spectator}}{{Cite news |last=Otterman |first=Sharon |date=2024-04-18 |title=Columbia Sends In the N.Y.P.D. to Arrest Protesters in Tent City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/18/nyregion/columbia-university-tent-city-palestinian-protest.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419084521/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/18/nyregion/columbia-university-tent-city-palestinian-protest.html |archive-date=April 19, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-19 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}

The first encampment was dismantled when university president Minouche Shafik authorized the New York City Police Department (NYPD) to enter the campus on April 18 and conduct mass arrests.{{Cite news |last1=Otterman |first1=Sharon |last2=Blinder |first2=Alan |date=2024-04-18 |title=Over 100 Arrested at Columbia After Pro-Palestinian Protest |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/18/nyregion/columbia-university-protests-antisemitism.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421020230/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/18/nyregion/columbia-university-protests-antisemitism.html |archive-date=April 21, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-21 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} A new encampment was built the next day. The administration then entered into negotiations with protesters, which failed on April 29 and resulted in the suspension of student protesters.{{cite web |date=April 29, 2024 |title=Columbia University begins suspensions for students at pro-Gaza encampment |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2024/04/29/talks-break-down-between-columbia-students-administrators-over-pro-gaza-encampment/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430180318/https://www.nydailynews.com/2024/04/29/talks-break-down-between-columbia-students-administrators-over-pro-gaza-encampment/ |archive-date=April 30, 2024 |access-date=30 April 2024 |website=nydailynews.com |publisher=New York Daily News}} The next day, protesters broke into and occupied Hamilton Hall,{{Cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Eryn |last2=Otterman |first2=Sharon |last3=Nir |first3=Sarah |date=April 29, 2024 |title=Protesters Take Over Building on Columbia Campus as Deadline Passes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/29/nyregion/columbia-student-protest-encampment.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429153232/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/29/nyregion/columbia-student-protest-encampment.html |archive-date=April 29, 2024 |access-date=April 29, 2024 |work=The New York Times}} leading to a second NYPD raid, the arrest of more than 100 protesters, and the full dismantling of the camp.{{cite web |title=Campus protests live updates: NYPD officers with barricades amassing outside Columbia |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/live-blog/campus-protests-live-updates-students-occupy-columbia-university-rcna149926 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430083947/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/live-blog/campus-protests-live-updates-students-occupy-columbia-university-rcna149926 |archive-date=April 30, 2024 |access-date=1 May 2024 |website=nbcnews.com |publisher=NBC News}} The arrests marked the first time Columbia had allowed police to suppress campus protests since the 1968 demonstrations against the Vietnam War.{{Cite magazine |date=2024-04-19 |title=Pro-Palestinian Columbia Student Protests Continue After Arrests |url=https://time.com/6969335/pro-palestinian-columbia-student-protests-continue-after-arrests/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422033454/https://time.com/6969335/pro-palestinian-columbia-student-protests-continue-after-arrests/ |archive-date=April 22, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-22 |magazine=TIME |language=en}} On May 31, a third campus encampment was briefly established in response to an alumni reunion.{{Cite web |last=Huddleston |first=Sarah |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Pro-Palestinian protesters repitch encampment on South Lawn during annual alumni reunion |url=https://www.columbiaspectator.com/news/2024/05/31/pro-palestinian-protesters-repitch-encampment-on-south-lawn-during-annual-alumni-reunion/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613104024/https://www.columbiaspectator.com/news/2024/05/31/pro-palestinian-protesters-repitch-encampment-on-south-lawn-during-annual-alumni-reunion/ |archive-date=June 13, 2024 |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Columbia Daily Spectator}}

{{Main|List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the United States in 2024}}

{{April 2024 Israel–Hamas war protests on university campuses map}}

Over 3,100 protesters were arrested in the U.S., including faculty members and professors, on over 60 campuses.{{Cite news |last1=Rubin |first1=April |last2=Beheraj |first2=Kavya |last3=Lysik |first3=Tory |last4=Chase |first4=Will |date=May 3, 2024 |title=Mapped: Where pro-Palestinian student protesters have been arrested |url=https://www.axios.com/2024/04/27/palestinian-college-protest-arrest-encampment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505001646/https://www.axios.com/2024/04/27/palestinian-college-protest-arrest-encampment |archive-date=May 5, 2024 |access-date=May 5, 2024 |work=Axios}} Demonstrations initially spread in the U.S. on April 22, 2024, when students at several universities on the East Coast—including New York University, Yale University, Emerson College, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Tufts University—began occupying campuses, as well as experiencing mass arrests in New York and at Yale.{{Cite news |last=FitzGerald |first=James |date=2024-04-22 |title=Mass arrests made as US campus protests over Gaza spread |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68873825 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423002108/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68873825 |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-28 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}} Protests emerged throughout the U.S. in the following days, with protest camps established on over 40 campuses.{{Cite news |last=Marcos |first=Coral Murphy |date=April 27, 2024 |title=Columbia University calls for inquiry into leadership as student protests sweep 40 campuses |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/26/pro-palestinian-protests-college-campuses |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426215139/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/26/pro-palestinian-protests-college-campuses |archive-date=April 26, 2024 |access-date=April 27, 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} On April 25, mass arrests occurred at Emerson College, the University of Southern California, and the University of Texas at Austin.{{Cite news |last=Pelham |first=Lipika |date=2024-04-25 |title=US college protests: Hundreds more arrested across US in Gaza campus protests |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68895250 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427005300/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68895250 |archive-date=April 27, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-28 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}

A continued crackdown on April 27 led to approximately 275 arrests at Washington, Northeastern, Arizona State, and Indiana University Bloomington.{{Cite web |last1=Thompson |first1=Carolyn |last2=Beck |first2=Margery |date=2024-04-28 |title=Arrests roil campuses nationwide ahead of graduation as protesters demand Israel ties be cut |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinian-campus-student-protests-war-cadbf05cf542c08dc3c664431b7a1f4f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428150514/https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinian-campus-student-protests-war-cadbf05cf542c08dc3c664431b7a1f4f |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=AP News |language=en}}{{Cite news |last1=Betts |first1=Anna |last2=Eadie |first2=Matthew |last3=Bogel-Burroughs |first3=Nicholas |date=2024-04-27 |title=Crackdowns at 4 College Protests Lead to More Than 200 Arrests |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/27/us/northeastern-arizona-state-university-protests-arrests.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428143400/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/27/us/northeastern-arizona-state-university-protests-arrests.html |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-28 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} Several professors were among those detained at Emory University,{{Cite web |last=Andone |first=Dakin |date=2024-04-28 |title=How universities are cracking down on a swell of tension months into student protests over Israel's bombardment of Gaza |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/28/us/student-protests-universities-israel-gaza/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429063233/https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/28/us/student-protests-universities-israel-gaza/index.html |archive-date=April 29, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=CNN |language=en}} and at Washington University in St. Louis, university employees were arrested. On April 28, counter-protests were held at MIT, the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).{{Cite news |last=Mazzei |first=Patricia |date=2024-04-28 |title=As Colleges Weigh Crackdowns on Protests, Questions About Outsiders Linger |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/28/us/college-campus-protests.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429041629/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/28/us/college-campus-protests.html |archive-date=April 29, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-29 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} On April 30, approximately 300 protesters were arrested at Columbia University and City College of New York{{Cite web |last1=FitzGerald |first1=James |last2=Walsh |first2=Aoife |date=May 1, 2024 |title=Campus protests live: NYC police arrest around 300 at universities in 'massive operation', mayor says |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-us-canada-68924299 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501155949/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-us-canada-68924299 |archive-date=May 1, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=BBC News |language=en-gb}} and pro-Israel counter-protesters attacked the UCLA campus occupation.{{cite news |last1=Bedi |first1=Neil |last2=Erden |first2=Bora |last3=Hernandez |first3=Marco |last4=Jhaveri |first4=Ishaan |last5=Lajka |first5=Arijeta |last6=Reneau |first6=Natalie |last7=Rosales |first7=Helmuth |last8=Toler |first8=Aric |date=May 3, 2024 |title=How Counterprotesters at U.C.L.A. Provoked Violence, Unchecked for Hours |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/05/03/us/ucla-protests-encampment-violence.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504182011/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/05/03/us/ucla-protests-encampment-violence.html |archive-date=May 4, 2024 |access-date=4 May 2024 |work=The New York Times}}{{cite news |last1=Ramirez-Simon |first1=Diana |date=May 1, 2024 |title=Violence erupts at UCLA campus between rival Gaza protest groups |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/may/01/violence-erupts-ucla-university-campus-clashes-rival-gaza-protest-groups |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501101829/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/may/01/violence-erupts-ucla-university-campus-clashes-rival-gaza-protest-groups |archive-date=May 1, 2024 |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=The Guardian}}{{Cite web |last1=Watanabe |first1=Teresa |last2=Nazzal |first2=Safi |date=2024-05-01 |title=Violence stuns UCLA as counter-protesters attack pro-Palestine camp |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-30/ucla-moves-to-shut-down-pro-palestinian-encampment-as-unlawful |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501030832/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-30/ucla-moves-to-shut-down-pro-palestinian-encampment-as-unlawful |archive-date=2024-05-01 |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}} The next day, over 200 arrests were made at UCLA.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-05-02 |title=More than 200 arrests made on UCLA campus as encampment cleared, university chancellor says |url=https://edition.cnn.com/business/live-news/university-protests-pro-palestinian-israel-05-02-24#h_6aa9eb28be576dae9b9b9be27cfb3cd4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503095702/https://edition.cnn.com/business/live-news/university-protests-pro-palestinian-israel-05-02-24/h_6aa9eb28be576dae9b9b9be27cfb3cd4 |archive-date=May 3, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=CNN |language=en}}

Hundreds of arrests ensued in May, notably{{efn|As defined by CNN map of "Campus protests where arrests have been made since April 18", highlighting schools with 45 or more total arrests.}} at the Art Institute of Chicago, University of California, San Diego, the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York,{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-04-29 |title=Map: Where university protesters have been arrested across the US |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/29/us/pro-palestinian-university-protests-arrests-dg/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430105855/https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/29/us/pro-palestinian-university-protests-arrests-dg/index.html |archive-date=April 30, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=CNN |language=en}} and University of California, Irvine.{{Cite news |last=Levin |first=Sam |date=2024-05-16 |title=Riot police arrest 50 people at UC Irvine and clear pro-Palestinian encampment |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/16/campus-protest-encampment-uc-irvine-removed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240516124921/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/16/campus-protest-encampment-uc-irvine-removed |archive-date=May 16, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-27 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} On May 20, the first strike by academic workers took place on campuses in California at UC Santa Cruz,{{Cite news |last=Anguiano |first=Dani |date=2024-05-20 |title=Academic workers at UC Santa Cruz strike over crackdown on Gaza protests |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/20/uc-santa-cruz-academic-workers-strike |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530151350/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/20/uc-santa-cruz-academic-workers-strike |archive-date=May 30, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-27 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} followed by UC Davis and UCLA on May 28.{{Cite web |last1=Fry |first1=Hannah |last2=Toohey |first2=Grace |last3=Petrow-Cohen |first3=Caroline |last4=Kaleem |first4=Jaweed |date=2024-05-28 |title=Kaffiyehs and pickets: UCLA, UC Davis workers strike over treatment at pro-Palestinian protests |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-05-28/ucla-uc-davis-brace-for-strike-as-union-alleges-free-speech-violations-in-pro-palestinian-protests |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529053149/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-05-28/ucla-uc-davis-brace-for-strike-as-union-alleges-free-speech-violations-in-pro-palestinian-protests |archive-date=May 29, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}} The protests ended as universities closed for the summer.{{cite web |date=August 8, 2024 |title=Harris faces an 'uncommitted' quandary of her own |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/08/08/pro-palestinian-protest-gaza-kamala-harris-michigan-00173363 |access-date=August 9, 2024 |website=politico.com |publisher=Politico}}

Many of the protests involved students demanding that their schools sever financial ties to Israel and companies involved in the conflict, as well as an end to U.S. military support for Israel,{{Cite web|last=Tucker|first=Grace|date=April 26, 2024|title=Why are college students protesting? Ohio State, Miami University join Gaza protests|url=https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/2024/04/25/ohio-state-university-miami-university-students-protest-israel-hamas-gaza/73451723007/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426202732/https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/2024/04/25/ohio-state-university-miami-university-students-protest-israel-hamas-gaza/73451723007/|archive-date=April 26, 2024|access-date=April 26, 2024|website=The Columbus Dispatch|language=en-US}}{{Cite news|last=Paul|first=Kari|date=April 25, 2024|title=Fox journalist among dozens arrested at Texas university as protests swell|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/24/university-of-texas-austin-campus-protest|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425012308/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/24/university-of-texas-austin-campus-protest|archive-date=April 25, 2024|access-date=April 25, 2024|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} as part of the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement.{{Cite web |last=Levison |first=Jake |date=April 26, 2024 |title=Why are university students protesting in the US? |url=https://news.sky.com/story/why-are-university-students-protesting-in-the-us-13122732 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428174901/https://news.sky.com/story/why-are-university-students-protesting-in-the-us-13122732 |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-28 |publisher=Sky News |language=en}} Some protests also demanded that universities sever academic ties with Israel, support a ceasefire in Gaza, and disclose investments.{{Cite web|last1=Egan|first1=Matt|last2=Maruf|first2=Ramishah|date=April 26, 2024|title=What the pro-Palestinian protesters on college campuses actually want {{!}} CNN Business|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/26/investing/what-pro-palestinian-protesters-want/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426123814/https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/26/investing/what-pro-palestinian-protesters-want/index.html|archive-date=April 26, 2024|access-date=April 26, 2024|publisher=CNN|language=en}} Student demands varied among the different occupations, including that universities stop accepting research money from Israel that supports the military, and that college endowments stop investing with managers who profit from Israeli entities.

Student protesters called on Columbia University to financially divest from any company with business ties to the Israeli government, including Microsoft, Google, and Amazon.{{cite news|last=Noor|first=Dharna|date=April 25, 2024|title=Student protesters are demanding universities divest from Israel. What does that mean?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/25/divestment-israel-college-protests|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501155441/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/25/divestment-israel-college-protests|archive-date=May 1, 2024|access-date=May 1, 2024|work=The Guardian}} NYU Alumni for Palestine called on New York University to "terminate all vendor contracts with companies playing active roles in the military occupation in Palestine and ongoing genocide in Gaza, namely Cisco, Lockheed Martin, Caterpillar and General Electric".{{cite news|date=April 30, 2024|title='Divest from Israel': Decoding the Gaza protest call shaking US campuses|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/30/divest-from-israel-breaking-down-the-us-student-protesters-demands|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501142042/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/30/divest-from-israel-breaking-down-the-us-student-protesters-demands|archive-date=May 1, 2024|access-date=May 1, 2024|publisher=Al Jazeera}} Pro-Palestinian protesters demanded that the University of Washington cut ties with Boeing.{{cite news|last1=Phair|first1=Vonnai|last2=Girgis|first2=Lauren|date=April 29, 2024|title=UW encampment protesters want school to cut ties with Israel, Boeing|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/education/uw-encampment-protesters-want-school-to-cut-ties-with-israel-boeing/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502005108/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/education/uw-encampment-protesters-want-school-to-cut-ties-with-israel-boeing/|archive-date=May 2, 2024|access-date=May 1, 2024|work=The Seattle Times}} Students at the University of Vermont demanded the cancellation of a planned commencement speech by Linda Thomas-Greenfield.{{Cite web|last=D'Auria|first=Peter|date=May 3, 2024|title=UVM commencement speaker out as pro-Palestinian protest continues|url=http://vtdigger.org/2024/05/03/linda-thomas-greenfield-will-not-speak-at-commencement-uvm-announces/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505142145/https://vtdigger.org/2024/05/03/linda-thomas-greenfield-will-not-speak-at-commencement-uvm-announces/|archive-date=May 5, 2024|access-date=2024-05-05|website=VTDigger|language=en-US}}

After several mass arrests, the demands also included amnesty for students and faculty who were disciplined or fired for protesting. The protests on many campuses were created by coalitions of student groups, and largely independent, but some{{By whom|date=January 2025}} said that they were inspired by other campus protests. All disavowed violence.{{Cite web|date=April 24, 2024|title=A look at the Gaza war protests that have emerged on US college campuses|url=https://apnews.com/article/gaza-war-campus-protests-966eb531279f8e4381883fc5d79d5466|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425001920/https://apnews.com/article/gaza-war-campus-protests-966eb531279f8e4381883fc5d79d5466|archive-date=April 25, 2024|access-date=April 25, 2024|agency=Associated Press|language=en}}{{Cite web |date=April 25, 2024 |title=What is behind US college protests over Israel-Gaza war? |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/what-is-behind-pro-palestinian-protests-us-universities-2024-04-23/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424145000/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/what-is-behind-pro-palestinian-protests-us-universities-2024-04-23/ |archive-date=April 24, 2024 |access-date=April 25, 2024 |agency=Reuters}} Protesters at Vanderbilt University smashed a window and injured a security guard.{{cite web |date=2024-04-24 |title=As protests consume college campuses, where's the line between safety, free speech? |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/04/24/1246780846/as-protests-consume-college-campuses-wheres-the-line-between-safety-free-speech |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=NPR}}

File:The OMHP barricades around 1530 on the 8th of May 2024, as viewed from the roof of the old Academic Club.png. After a series of occupation protests, the university closed for two days on May 13.{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2024 |title=Amsterdam University closes for two days after violent protests over Gaza |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/pro-palestinian-protesters-occupy-university-buildings-dutch-cities-2024-05-13/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514025724/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/pro-palestinian-protesters-occupy-university-buildings-dutch-cities-2024-05-13/ |archive-date=May 14, 2024 |access-date=May 14, 2024 |agency=Reuters}}]]

In April 2024, the occupations resulted in the closure of Columbia University and Cal Poly Humboldt for the remainder of the semester,{{Cite web |last1=Egan |first1=Matt |last2=Boyette |first2=Chris |last3=Prokupecz |first3=Shimon |date=April 22, 2024 |title=Columbia University main campus classes will be hybrid until semester ends; NYU students, faculty arrested during protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/22/business/columbia-tensions-passover-virtual-classes/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422234932/https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/22/business/columbia-tensions-passover-virtual-classes/index.html |archive-date=April 22, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-28 |publisher=CNN Business |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2024 |title=Cal Poly Humboldt closes campus through end of semester amid pro-Palestinian protests |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/cal-poly-humboldt-closes-campus-through-end-of-semester-amid-protests/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429062147/https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/cal-poly-humboldt-closes-campus-through-end-of-semester-amid-protests/ |archive-date=April 29, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=CBS San Francisco |language=en-US}} and faculty members in California, Georgia, and Texas also initiated votes of no confidence.{{Cite web|last1=Thompson|first1=Carolyn|last2=Beck|first2=Margery|date=April 28, 2024|title=Arrests roil campuses nationwide ahead of graduation as protesters demand Israel ties be cut|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinian-campus-student-protests-war-cadbf05cf542c08dc3c664431b7a1f4f|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428150514/https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinian-campus-student-protests-war-cadbf05cf542c08dc3c664431b7a1f4f|archive-date=April 28, 2024|access-date=2024-04-29|agency=Associated Press|language=en}} Columbia, Cal Poly Humboldt, and the University of Southern California canceled their graduation ceremonies due in May.{{Cite news|last=Looker|first=Rachel|date=May 6, 2024|title=Columbia University cancels main graduation amid protests|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68965723|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508035141/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68965723|archive-date=May 8, 2024|access-date=2024-05-08|publisher=BBC News|language=en-GB}}{{Cite web|last=Bedigan|first=Mike|date=April 25, 2024|title=USC cancels main commencement ceremony following chaotic pro-Palestine protests|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/usc-commencement-cancel-palestine-protests-b2535011.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507133539/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/usc-commencement-cancel-palestine-protests-b2535011.html|archive-date=May 7, 2024|access-date=2024-05-08|website=The Independent|language=en}}{{Cite web |author= |date=May 10, 2024 |title=Are US graduation ceremonies the latest battleground for Gaza protests? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/10/are-us-graduation-ceremonies-the-latest-battleground-for-gaza-protests |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512204551/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/10/are-us-graduation-ceremonies-the-latest-battleground-for-gaza-protests |archive-date=May 12, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-12 |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=en}} On May 13, the University of Amsterdam closed for two days after renewed occupations on campus.

In May, protests at graduation ceremonies occurred at the University of Michigan, Northeastern University, the University of Illinois Chicago, Indiana University, Virginia Commonwealth University, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the University of North Carolina, and the University of California, Berkeley.{{Cite news |date=May 12, 2024 |title=Sporadic pro-Palestinian protests staged during college commencements |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/12/pro-palestinian-protests-college-commencement-ceremonies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513202756/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/12/pro-palestinian-protests-college-commencement-ceremonies |archive-date=May 13, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-13 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |agency=Associated Press}} After demands from protesters, the University of Vermont canceled its graduation ceremony speaker, U.S. ambassador to the United Nations Linda Thomas-Greenfield. On June 1, students staged a walkout at the University of Chicago's graduation ceremony, and walkouts at graduations occurred at Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and elsewhere.{{Cite news|agency=Associated Press|date=June 1, 2024|title=Students walk out of University of Chicago graduation over Israel policies|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jun/01/university-of-chicago-graduation-walkout|access-date=2024-06-08|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=June 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609211343/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jun/01/university-of-chicago-graduation-walkout|url-status=live}} In April, a pro-Palestinian student group won elections in the University of Michigan's student government. In August, the student government voted to freeze its funding for student clubs until the university met student activists' divestment demands.{{Cite web|last=Blake|first=Jessica|title=Michigan Student Government Withholds Activity Funds|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2024/08/28/michigan-student-government-withholds-activity-funds|access-date=2024-08-31|website=Inside Higher Ed|language=en|archive-date=August 31, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831135128/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2024/08/28/michigan-student-government-withholds-activity-funds|url-status=live}}

On April 28, Portland State University (PSU) announced it was pausing its financial ties with Boeing, including gifts and grants, over its ties to Israel. PSU President Ann Cudd wrote in a campus-wide letter, "the passion with which these demands are being repeatedly expressed by some in our community motivates". On May 6, Trinity College Dublin in Ireland agreed to end its investments in Israeli companies that are listed on the United Nations Human Rights Council "blacklist" after an encampment on Fellows' Square was erected.{{Cite web|last=Borpujari|first=Priyanka|date=May 27, 2024|title=Inside the Student Movement that Forced Ireland's Trinity College to Divest from Israel|url=https://commonslibrary.org/inside-the-student-movement-that-forced-irelands-trinity-college-to-divest-from-israel/|access-date=2024-08-12|website=The Commons Social Change Library|language=en-AU|archive-date=August 12, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812080310/https://commonslibrary.org/inside-the-student-movement-that-forced-irelands-trinity-college-to-divest-from-israel/|url-status=live}} This included three of the 13 Israeli companies the university's endowment fund had invested in.{{cite news|last1=Carroll|first1=Rory|date=May 8, 2024|title=Trinity College Dublin agrees to divest from Israeli firms after student protest|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/08/trinity-college-dublin-agrees-to-divest-from-israeli-firms-after-student-protest|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510193229/https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/08/trinity-college-dublin-agrees-to-divest-from-israeli-firms-after-student-protest|archive-date=May 10, 2024|access-date=May 10, 2024|work=The Guardian}}

The University of Helsinki in Finland suspended student exchanges with Israeli universities on May 21 after two weeks of campus protests.{{Cite news|date=May 23, 2024|title=Finland uni suspends student exchange with Israel institutions|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240523-finland-uni-suspends-student-exchange-with-israel-institutions/|access-date=June 1, 2024|work=Middle East Monitor|archive-date=May 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524005736/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240523-finland-uni-suspends-student-exchange-with-israel-institutions/|url-status=live}} On May 28, the University of Copenhagen in Denmark announced it would cease investing in companies that operate in the occupied West Bank, divesting US$145,810 worth of holdings from Airbnb, Booking.com, and EDreams the next day.{{Cite news|last=Carlsson|first=Isabelle Yr|date=May 28, 2024|title=Denmark university to halt investment in companies in West Bank amid student protests|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/denmark-university-halt-investment-companies-west-bank-amid-student-protests-2024-05-28/|access-date=June 1, 2024|agency=Reuters|archive-date=May 30, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530071545/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/denmark-university-halt-investment-companies-west-bank-amid-student-protests-2024-05-28/|url-status=live}} On May 31, after an investigation was conducted, Ghent University in Belgium cut ties with Israeli universities and research institutions, referencing "concerns regarding connections between Israeli academic institutions and the Israeli government, military, or security services".{{Cite news|date=May 31, 2024|title=Belgium's Ghent University severs ties with all Israeli universities|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/belgiums-ghent-university-severs-ties-with-all-israeli-universities-2024-05-31/|access-date=June 1, 2024|agency=Reuters|archive-date=June 2, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240602132245/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/belgiums-ghent-university-severs-ties-with-all-israeli-universities-2024-05-31/|url-status=live}} The university had severed ties with three Israeli institutions two weeks earlier, citing incompatibility with Israel's human rights policy.{{Cite news|date=May 17, 2024|title=Belgium's Ghent university severs ties with three Israeli institutions|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/belgiums-ghent-university-severs-ties-with-three-israeli-institutions-2024-05-17/|access-date=June 1, 2024|agency=Reuters}} On June 11, the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada, agreed to protesters' demands to factor human rights into its investment decisions.{{Cite web|last=Sonoran|first=Heather|date=June 11, 2024|title='A huge win': Occupy UW reacts to University of Waterloo's commitment to disclose investments|url=https://kitchener.ctvnews.ca/a-huge-win-occupy-uw-reacts-to-university-of-waterloo-s-commitment-to-disclose-investments-1.6922624|access-date=2024-06-12|website=CTV News Kitchener|language=en|archive-date=June 12, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612051427/https://kitchener.ctvnews.ca/a-huge-win-occupy-uw-reacts-to-university-of-waterloo-s-commitment-to-disclose-investments-1.6922624|url-status=live}}

In late August 2024, San Francisco State University began the divestment process from four weapons manufacturers involved with the war.{{cite web|last1=Essa|first1=Azad|title=San Francisco State University divests from weapons companies aiding Israel's war on Gaza|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/san-francisco-state-university-divest-weapons-companies-aiding-israel|website=Middle East Eye|access-date=September 15, 2024}} The next month, the MIT Coalition for Palestine announced that MIT would discontinue its MIT-Lockheed Martin Seed Fund, a program that financed collaboration between MIT and Israeli universities. The Coalition said this was "the first known American-Israeli weapons manufacturer partnership to end at an American university since the war on Gaza began".{{Cite web|last=admin|date=September 17, 2024|title='Major Divestment Win' – Students Say MIT has Cut Ties with Lockheed Martin Fund|url=https://www.palestinechronicle.com/major-divestment-win-students-say-mit-has-cut-ties-with-lockheed-martin-fund/|access-date=2024-09-25|website=Palestine Chronicle|language=en-US}} In November 2024, the Institut d'études politiques de Strasbourg said it would break ties with Reichman University in Israel due to its "warmongering" stance on Gaza.{{cite news|title=Sciences Po Strasbourg cuts ties with Israeli university over Gaza war|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/education/article/2024/10/31/sciences-po-strasbourg-cuts-ties-with-israeli-university-over-gaza-war_6731160_104.html#|website=Le Monde|date=October 31, 2024|access-date=November 4, 2024}}

File:Berkeley Free Palestine Camp 6 (cropped).jpg, the encampment was dismantled after reaching an agreement with the university.]]

Other universities said they would consider divestment demands regarding Israel-affiliated companies. Some agreed to disclose their investments and committed to increase awareness about Palestine.{{Cite web |last=Shamim |first=Sarah |title=Israel War on Gaza {{!}} How some colleges reached deals with students {{!}} Today's latest from Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/7/pro-palestine-protests-how-some-universities-reached-deals-with-students/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508141034/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/7/pro-palestine-protests-how-some-universities-reached-deals-with-students/ |archive-date=May 8, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-08 |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=en}} Universities that came to agreements with protesters over certain demands, in order for encampments to be dismantled, included Northwestern University on April 29; Brown University and Evergreen State College on April 30; the University of Minnesota on May 1; Rutgers University on May 2; Goldsmiths, University of London and University of California, Riverside on May 3; Thompson Rivers University on May 4, and the University of California, Berkeley on May 14.{{Cite news|last1=Knight|first1=Heather|last2=Marcos|first2=Coral Murphy|date=May 17, 2024|title=At Least 12 Arrested at U.C. Berkeley After Police Order Protesters to Disperse|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/16/us/berkeley-arrests.html|access-date=2024-05-18|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=May 22, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522142212/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/16/us/berkeley-arrests.html|url-status=live}} Wesleyan University allowed encampments on campus to continue,{{Cite web|date=May 3, 2024|title=Striking deals to end campus protests, some colleges invite discussion of their investments|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinian-campus-student-protests-war-df5f7cf1547a3ca8fb959b992d6ebe1b|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503152542/https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinian-campus-student-protests-war-df5f7cf1547a3ca8fb959b992d6ebe1b|archive-date=May 3, 2024|access-date=2024-05-08|agency=Associated Press|language=en}} and at the University of Barcelona, the Senate voted to break ties with Israel.{{Cite web|date=May 8, 2024|title=University of Barcelona's senate votes in favor of pro-Palestine protesters requests|url=https://www.catalannews.com/society-science/item/university-of-barcelonas-senate-votes-in-favor-of-pro-palestine-protesters-requests|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508175858/https://www.catalannews.com/society-science/item/university-of-barcelonas-senate-votes-in-favor-of-pro-palestine-protesters-requests|archive-date=May 8, 2024|access-date=2024-05-09|website=Catalan News|language=en}}

On May 15, the protest encampment at Harvard University ended after the administration agreed to discuss the protesters' demands and to rescind the suspension of 20 students.{{Cite news|last=Salam|first=Erum|date=May 15, 2024|title=Harvard's Gaza encampment ends after administration agrees to meet|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/article/2024/may/14/harvard-gaza-encampment-ends|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516050603/https://www.theguardian.com/education/article/2024/may/14/harvard-gaza-encampment-ends|archive-date=May 16, 2024|access-date=2024-05-15|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} At California State University, Sonoma State campus president Mike Lee was placed on leave after he agreed to pursue divestment from Israel "without the appropriate approvals".{{cite news|last1=Jones|first1=Blake|date=May 15, 2024|title=California university president put on leave for 'insubordination' after meeting Gaza protesters' demands|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/05/15/sonoma-state-president-leave-gaza-00158285|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516151134/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/05/15/sonoma-state-president-leave-gaza-00158285|archive-date=May 16, 2024|access-date=May 16, 2024|work=Politico}} On May 23, the University of Sydney became the first Australian university to accept certain demands. The university agreed to further disclose research grants, subject to confidentiality requirements, in order to increase transparency.{{Cite news|last=Ore|first=Adeshola|date=May 23, 2024|title=Pro-Palestine student protesters claim 'major win' as first Australian university agrees to meet some demands|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/article/2024/may/23/pro-palestine-university-student-protest-camps-demands|access-date=2024-05-23|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=May 30, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530151323/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/article/2024/may/23/pro-palestine-university-student-protest-camps-demands|url-status=live}}

Students at The New School attempted a unique strategy that combined escalations at their encampment and negotiations with administrators. Rather than accepting that negotiations could continue only if escalation ceased, organizers escalated their protests and then offered to cease that escalation in exchange for other concessions during negotiations, improving their bargaining position. Though police ultimately swept their encampment, the sweep led to backlash and condemnation by faculty and deans and required a day-long shutdown of the campus. Students at The New School secured the formation of an advisory investment committee and a subsequent trustee vote on investment in the fall.{{Cite web |title=After the Encampments |url=https://jewishcurrents.org/after-the-encampments-gaza-university-divestment |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=Jewish Currents |language=en}}

{{Further|List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in California in 2024}}

On May 15, members of United Auto Workers Local 4811, the union representing 48,000 graduate students on 10 campuses in the University of California system, voted to authorize a strike because the university unfairly changed policies and discriminated against students who were exercising their right to free speech and created an unsafe work environment by allowing attacks on protesters. The authorization did not guarantee a strike, but allowed the executive board to call one at any time.{{Cite news|last=Wolfe|first=Jonathan|date=May 16, 2024|title=University of California Workers Authorize Union to Call for Strike Over Protest Crackdowns|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/15/us/university-of-california-strike-authorization-palestinian-protest.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516052743/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/15/us/university-of-california-strike-authorization-palestinian-protest.html|archive-date=May 16, 2024|access-date=2024-05-16|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}

Strike action began at UC Santa Cruz on May 20. Union members and leaders said they were not teaching or grading, were withholding data, and would continue to do so until they reached a deal with university officials. The strike was in part a protest against arrests of pro-Palestinian protesters at UCLA, UC Irvine, and UC San Diego.{{Cite news|date=May 20, 2024|title=UC Santa Cruz academic workers strike to stand up for pro-Palestinian protesters|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/uc-santa-cruz-academic-workers-strike-pro-palestinian-protesters/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527140714/https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/uc-santa-cruz-academic-workers-strike-pro-palestinian-protesters/|archive-date=May 27, 2024|access-date=2024-05-26|publisher=CBS News|language=en-US}}{{Cite news|last=Anguiano|first=Dani|date=May 20, 2024|title=Academic workers at UC Santa Cruz strike over crackdown on Gaza protests|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/20/uc-santa-cruz-academic-workers-strike|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530151350/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/20/uc-santa-cruz-academic-workers-strike|archive-date=May 30, 2024|access-date=2024-05-27|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} The UC system responded by seeking an injunction against the union, declaring the walkout illegal. On May 23, the California Public Employment Relations Board denied the injunction. The walkout extended to UCLA and UC Davis on May 28,{{Cite news|last=Rodriguez|first=Joe|date=May 24, 2024|title=Academic Workers' Strike Will Roll on as UC's Request for Court Order Is Denied|url=https://www.kqed.org/news/11987737/academic-workers-strike-will-roll-on-as-ucs-request-for-court-order-is-denied|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526044624/https://www.kqed.org/news/11987737/academic-workers-strike-will-roll-on-as-ucs-request-for-court-order-is-denied|archive-date=May 26, 2024|access-date=2024-05-26|work=KQED|language=en-US}} with the intention of expanding to UC Santa Barbara, UC San Diego, and UC Irvine starting the week of June 3.{{Cite news|last1=Fry|first1=Hannah|last2=Toohey|first2=Grace|last3=Petrow-Cohen|first3=Caroline|last4=Kaleem|first4=Jaweed|date=May 28, 2024|title=Kaffiyehs and pickets: UCLA, UC Davis workers strike over treatment at pro-Palestinian protest|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-05-28/ucla-uc-davis-brace-for-strike-as-union-alleges-free-speech-violations-in-pro-palestinian-protests|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529053149/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-05-28/ucla-uc-davis-brace-for-strike-as-union-alleges-free-speech-violations-in-pro-palestinian-protests|archive-date=May 29, 2024|access-date=2024-05-29|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}{{Cite news |last=Kaleem |first=Jaweed |date=May 31, 2024 |title=Big expansion of UC strike over pro-Palestinian protests: Irvine, San Diego, Santa Barbara next |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-05-31/uc-union-strike-expands-to-irvine-san-diego-santa-barbara |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601014600/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-05-31/uc-union-strike-expands-to-irvine-san-diego-santa-barbara |archive-date=June 1, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-31 |work=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}

Participants included students, faculty, and unaffiliated people of various backgrounds,{{Cite news |last1=Mazzei |first1=Patricia |date=April 28, 2024 |title=As Colleges Weigh Crackdowns on Protests, Questions About Outsiders Linger |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/28/us/college-campus-protests.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429041629/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/28/us/college-campus-protests.html |archive-date=April 29, 2024 |access-date=April 29, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} including Jews and Muslims. Pro-Palestinian activists at Columbia said their movement is anti-Zionist,{{Cite news |last1=Rosman |first1=Katherine |date=April 29, 2024 |title=Universities Face an Urgent Question: What Makes a Protest Antisemitic? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/29/nyregion/college-protests-columbia-campus.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429175716/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/29/nyregion/college-protests-columbia-campus.html |archive-date=April 29, 2024 |access-date=April 29, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |quote=Pro-Palestinian student activists say their movement is anti-Zionist but not antisemitic.}} and several campus protests were organized by anti-Zionist groups. Some of the protests were organized by groups such as Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP), Jewish Voice for Peace, IfNotNow, and the Young Democratic Socialists of America.{{Cite web|last1=Hollingsworth|first1=Heather|last2=Crary|first2=David|date=November 16, 2023|title=Longtime Israeli policy foes are leading US protests against Israel's action in Gaza. Who are they?|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-college-protests-c94bb0cd246bcc692de86b76b9b2a8cf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416193426/https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-college-protests-c94bb0cd246bcc692de86b76b9b2a8cf|archive-date=April 16, 2024|access-date=April 25, 2024|agency=Associated Press|language=en}}{{Cite news |date=April 30, 2024 |title=US college protests: Who are the student groups and others involved |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/who-are-some-people-groups-involved-us-college-protests-2024-04-28/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510230200/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/who-are-some-people-groups-involved-us-college-protests-2024-04-28/ |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |access-date=April 30, 2024 |quote=Among the lead student groups in the coalition are the Columbia chapters of Jewish Voice for Peace and Students for Justice in Palestine. The two decades-old anti-Zionism advocacy groups that protest Israel's military occupation have chapters across the country that have been key to protests on other campuses. |agency=Reuters}} According to The Jerusalem Post, in a press conference protesters at Harvard called the campus occupation movement a "student intifada",{{efn|name=Intifada|The Arabic term intifada means roughly "uprising" and is often used in the context of Palestinian uprisings in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.{{Cite news|title=What is an intifada?|url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2017/01/24/what-is-an-intifada|access-date=2024-01-28|newspaper=The Economist|issn=0013-0613|archive-date=April 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426083641/https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2017/01/24/what-is-an-intifada|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|last=Beauchamp|first=Zack|date=November 20, 2018|title=What were the intifadas?|url=https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080066/israel-palestine-intifadas-first-second|access-date=2024-01-28|website=Vox|language=en|archive-date=January 10, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110215245/https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080066/israel-palestine-intifadas-first-second|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Intifadas: What you need to know – DW – 12/07/2017|url=https://www.dw.com/en/intifadas-what-you-need-to-know/a-41695912|access-date=2024-01-28|website=DW|language=en|archive-date=April 18, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418231356/https://www.dw.com/en/intifadas-what-you-need-to-know/a-41695912|url-status=live}}}} a term echoed by protesters at George Washington University, Stanford University, Indiana University Bloomington,{{multiref|{{Cite web|first=Akhtar|last=Makoii|date=May 8, 2024|title=Pro-Palestinian protesters project 'student intifada' slogan onto university|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/us/news/2024/05/08/police-pro-palestine-camp-george-washington-university/|quote=Police cleared a pro-Palestinian tent encampment at George Washington University on Wednesday after protesters projected a US flag in flames and slogans including "Long live the student intifada" onto a building overnight.|access-date=2024-05-09|website=The Daily Telegraph|language=en|archive-date=May 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509220155/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/us/news/2024/05/08/police-pro-palestine-camp-george-washington-university/|url-status=live}}|{{Cite web|last=Alvarez|first=Maximillian|date=May 3, 2024|title=Inside the 'Student Intifada': A roundtable with campus organizers|url=http://therealnews.com/inside-the-student-intifada-a-roundtable-with-campus-organizers|quote=It is being called the Student Intifada, a grassroots protest movement spreading to different college and university campuses around the country involving students at over a hundred campuses, setting up encampments, occupations and protests (...)|access-date=2024-05-09|website=The Real News Network|language=en-US|archive-date=May 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509220156/https://therealnews.com/inside-the-student-intifada-a-roundtable-with-campus-organizers|url-status=live}}|{{Cite web|first=Michael|last=Starr|date=May 7, 2024|title='Student intifada here to stay': Harvard activists defy suspension threat|url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-800216|quote=Anti-Israel activists groups defied Harvard University warnings that their protest encampment must dissolve under threat of suspension, proclaiming the campus occupation movement a "student intifada" in a press conference on Monday.|access-date=2024-05-09|website=The Jerusalem Post|language=en|archive-date=May 10, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510193327/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-800216|url-status=live}}}} and Palestinians in Gaza, while calling for an escalation in protests.{{Cite news |last=Saba |first=Dylan |date=May 6, 2024 |title=The Student Movement Is Writing a New Chapter of History |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/student-protest-history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509233339/https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/student-protest-history/ |archive-date=May 9, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-10 |work=The Nation |language=en-US |issn=0027-8378}} Protesters also identified a wide range of other ideologies that motivated them, such as anti-racism, intersectionality, anti-colonialism, anti-imperialism, police and prison abolitionism, eco-socialism, indigenous rights, and freedom of expression.{{Cite news |last=Peters |first=Jeremy W. |date=May 1, 2024 |title=It's Not Just Gaza: Student Protesters See Links to a Global Struggle |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/01/us/pro-palestinian-college-protests.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502004226/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/01/us/pro-palestinian-college-protests.html |archive-date=May 2, 2024 |access-date=May 2, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}

Protesters criticized Joe Biden and his administration's support for Israel.{{Cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |date=April 30, 2024 |title=A Bystander to '60s Protests, Biden Now Becomes a Target |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/30/us/politics/biden-columbia-protests-israel-antisemitism.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502001554/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/30/us/politics/biden-columbia-protests-israel-antisemitism.html |archive-date=May 2, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-02 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} The protests hosted teach-ins, interfaith prayer, and musical performances. Some protests invited people to tour or speak, such as Palestinian photojournalist Motaz Azaiza, who was invited to and visited Columbia's protest.{{Cite magazine |last=Mendez |first=Moises |date=April 26, 2024 |title=TIME100 Honoree Motaz Azaiza Speaks on the Gaza Solidarity Encampments Taking Over U.S. Colleges |url=https://time.com/6968855/time100-gala-motaz-azaiza-speaks-on-the-gaza-solidarity-encampments-taking-over-u-s-colleges/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426040623/https://www.yahoo.com/news/motaz-azaiza-gaza-solidarity-college-032200567.html |archive-date=April 26, 2024 |access-date=April 26, 2024 |magazine=Time |language=en-US}}{{Cite news |last=Gabbatt |first=Adam |date=April 26, 2024 |title=Four students on why they're protesting against war in Gaza: 'Injustice should not be accepted' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/26/college-protests-israel-gaza |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426121827/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/26/college-protests-israel-gaza |archive-date=April 26, 2024 |access-date=April 26, 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} The Palestinian activist Linda Sarsour said, "These young people are reaffirming and demonstrating that the tide is shifting on Palestine, that the Palestinian people have solidarity not just across the United States of America, but across the world".{{cite web |title=Prominent US activist expresses support for campus pro-Palestine protests |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/27/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-bombards-gaza-as-student-protests-spread?update=2864203 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501005420/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/4/27/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-bombards-gaza-as-student-protests-spread?update=2864203 |archive-date=May 1, 2024 |access-date=May 1, 2024 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}

In late 2023, SJP chapters were banned or suspended at Brandeis University,{{Cite web|last=Oshin|first=Olafimihan|date=November 7, 2023|title=Private university bans Students for Justice in Palestine as Middle East fallout spreads|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/4296741-first-private-university-bans-students-for-justice-in-palestine-as-middle-east-fallout-spreads/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210101109/https://thehill.com/homenews/4296741-first-private-university-bans-students-for-justice-in-palestine-as-middle-east-fallout-spreads/|archive-date=December 10, 2023|access-date=2024-05-01|website=The Hill|language=en-US}} Columbia University,{{Cite web|date=April 29, 2024|title=Statement From Gerald Rosberg, Chair of the Special Committee on Campus Safety|url=https://news.columbia.edu/news/statement-gerald-rosberg-chair-special-committee-campus-safety|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110200228/https://news.columbia.edu/news/statement-gerald-rosberg-chair-special-committee-campus-safety|archive-date=November 10, 2023|access-date=2024-05-01|website=Columbia News|language=en}} and Rutgers University.{{Cite web |title=Students for Justice in Palestine decries 'double standard' after Rutgers suspends chapter |url=https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/education/2023/12/12/rutgers-university-suspends-students-justice-palestine-chapter-protests/71892078007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409032224/https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/education/2023/12/12/rutgers-university-suspends-students-justice-palestine-chapter-protests/71892078007/ |archive-date=April 9, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=North Jersey Media Group |language=en-US}} In Florida, chapters were ordered to disband, resulting in federal lawsuits regarding freedom of speech.{{Cite web|last=Kane|first=Alex|date=November 21, 2023|title=The Push to "Deactivate" Students for Justice in Palestine|url=https://jewishcurrents.org/the-push-to-deactivate-students-for-justice-in-palestine-sjp|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411155036/https://jewishcurrents.org/the-push-to-deactivate-students-for-justice-in-palestine-sjp|archive-date=April 11, 2024|access-date=2024-05-01|website=Jewish Currents|language=en}}{{Cite news|last=Pilkington|first=Ed|date=November 16, 2023|title=Pro-Palestinian student group sues DeSantis over 'deactivation'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/nov/16/florida-pro-palestinian-student-lawsuit-desantis-sjp|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515220346/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/nov/16/florida-pro-palestinian-student-lawsuit-desantis-sjp|archive-date=May 15, 2024|access-date=2024-05-15|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite web|date=November 22, 2023|title=Second lawsuit filed over Florida efforts to disband pro-Palestinian student groups|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/miami/news/second-lawsuit-filed-over-florida-efforts-to-disband-pro-palestinian-student-groups/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502162325/https://www.cbsnews.com/miami/news/second-lawsuit-filed-over-florida-efforts-to-disband-pro-palestinian-student-groups/|archive-date=May 2, 2024|access-date=2024-05-15|website=CBS Miami|language=en-US}} Pro-Palestinian students were also doxxed by Accuracy in Media and Canary Mission at Harvard, Columbia, and Yale University.{{Cite web|last1=Hernandez|first1=Tristan|last2=Okutan|first2=Esma|date=November 17, 2023|title='Doxxing truck' appears on Yale's campus, displays student names and photos|url=https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2023/11/17/doxxing-truck-appears-on-yales-campus-displays-student-names-and-photos/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118020937/https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2023/11/17/doxxing-truck-appears-on-yales-campus-displays-student-names-and-photos/|archive-date=November 18, 2023|access-date=2024-05-01|website=Yale Daily News|language=en}}{{Cite web|last=Bushard|first=Brian|date=October 26, 2023|title='Doxxing Truck' Takes Columbia—Here's What To Know About The Trucks That Post Names of Students|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brianbushard/2023/10/26/doxxing-truck-takes-columbia-heres-what-to-know-about-the-truck-that-posts-names-of-students/?sh=3f5cabfd1f41|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20231211185422/https://www.forbes.com/sites/brianbushard/2023/10/26/doxxing-truck-takes-columbia-heres-what-to-know-about-the-truck-that-posts-names-of-students/?sh=a8b41f11f41a|archive-date=December 11, 2023|access-date=2024-05-01|website=Forbes}}

At Columbia, protesters who breached Hamilton Hall wrote revolutionary slogans (e.g., "Political power comes from the barrel of a gun") on blackboards.{{cite news|last1=Otterman|first1=Sharon|last2=Marcius|first2=Chelsia Rose|date=May 2, 2024|title=Locks, Chains, Diversions: How Columbia Students Seized Hamilton Hall|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/02/nyregion/columbia-students-hamilton-hall.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502211113/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/02/nyregion/columbia-students-hamilton-hall.html|archive-date=May 2, 2024|access-date=May 2, 2024|work=The New York Times}} One group involved in the protest movement, Columbia University Apartheid Divest, grew more supportive of armed resistance led by Hamas and the October 7 attacks over the course of 2024.{{cite web|last=Otterman|first=Sharon|title=Pro-Palestinian Group at Columbia Now Backs 'Armed Resistance' by Hamas|website=The New York Times|date=October 9, 2024|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/09/nyregion/columbia-pro-palestinian-group-hamas.html|access-date=2024-10-11|archive-date=October 10, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010003830/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/09/nyregion/columbia-pro-palestinian-group-hamas.html|url-status=live}} Within Our Lifetime leader Nerdeen Kiswani, who arrived at the Columbia encampment in April, called for Palestine liberation "'by any means necessary', including armed resistance".{{cite web |last=Otterman |first=Sharon |date=October 5, 2024 |title=How Within Our Lifetime Has Made Pro-Palestinian Activism More Extreme |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/05/us/within-our-lifetime-pro-palestinian-activism.html |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=The New York Times}} Her group formed from CUNY SJP, which targeted the Brooklyn Museum in May 2024.

File:2024-04-30 sdsu protest library flag pro israel.png, April 30.]]

Many anti-Zionist protesters donned masks and keffiyehs, which increased concerns from provosts and deans that outsiders had infiltrated protests. Protesters expressed fears of receiving reputational and professional harm from identification.{{Cite news |last1=Fandos |first1=Nicholas |date=May 2, 2024 |title=In an Online World, a New Generation of Protesters Chooses Anonymity |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/02/nyregion/college-campus-protests-anonymity.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502070537/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/02/nyregion/college-campus-protests-anonymity.html |archive-date=May 2, 2024 |access-date=May 2, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}

Concern was raised about the presence of outside groups at protests. During arrests in New York on May 2, police announced that nearly half of those arrested at Columbia and CCNY were unaffiliated with either school. Mayor Eric Adams said that they had seen evidence that outside agitators and "professionals" such as Lisa Fithian and the wife of Sami Al-Arian had given students tactical knowledge and training to escalate their protests.{{cite news|date=May 2, 2024|title=Protesters unaffiliated with CCNY, Columbia made up nearly half of arrests: police|url=https://abc7ny.com/columbia-ccny-protesters-arrested-quarter-of-them-not-affiliated-with-schools/14754563/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502200359/https://abc7ny.com/columbia-ccny-protesters-arrested-quarter-of-them-not-affiliated-with-schools/14754563/|archive-date=May 2, 2024|access-date=May 2, 2024|work=ABC7 News}} A University of Texas at Austin official said half of the rule breakers detained at a protest on 24 April 2024 were not affiliated with the school.{{cite web |last=Ketterer |first=Samantha |date=2024-04-26 |title=Non-students accused of trespass at Palestine rally banned at UT |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/education/article/pro-palestine-protesters-trespass-charges-banned-19425409.php |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=Houston Chronicle}} In 2025, Swarthmore College said there was a "growing presence of individuals unaffiliated with the College" and campus property had been vandalised.{{cite web |date=2025-05-04 |title=1 student, several others arrested at Swarthmore College as pro-Palestinian encampment is disbanded |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/swarthmore-college-protest-pennsylvania/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=CBS News}}

Experts raised concern about far-right groups attempting to infiltrate protests to cause harm, and subsequent reactions from militant far-left activists aligned with the anti-fascist movement.{{Cite news |last1=Carless |first1=Will |date=April 26, 2024 |title=Far-right influencers claim student protests are violent. Experts have different worries. |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/investigations/2024/04/26/student-protests-violent/73461701007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429014125/https://timesofsandiego.com/politics/2024/04/28/protests-counterprotests-against-israels-actions-in-gaza-roil-los-angeles-universities/ |archive-date=April 29, 2024 |access-date=April 29, 2024 |work=USA Today |language=en-US |quote=Those counter-protesters might, in turn, be met with violence from militant far-left activists aligned with the anti-fascist movement, said Colin P. Clarke, director of research at the Soufan Group, a global intelligence and security consultancy. The far-left has become increasingly organized over the last few years, in response to growing violence from the far-right, Clarke said, and he’s worried about possible violence that could spill out from the protests.}}

American intelligence assessments concluded that Iran had covertly supported the protests using social media by posing as students with operatives providing financial assistance to some protest groups in an attempt to stoke division,{{Cite news |last1=Myers |first1=Steven Lee |last2=Hsu |first2=Tiffany |last3=Fassihi |first3=Farnaz |date=September 4, 2024 |title=Iran Emerges as a Top Disinformation Threat in U.S. Presidential Race |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/04/business/media/iran-disinformation-us-presidential-race.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904160052/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/04/business/media/iran-disinformation-us-presidential-race.html/ |archive-date=September 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |quote=Across the United States this spring, Iran also used social media to stoke student-organized protests against Israel's war in Gaza, with operatives providing financial assistance and posing as students, according to American intelligence assessments.}}{{Cite news |last1=Klepper |first1=David |date=July 9, 2024 |title=Iran encourages Gaza war protests in US to stoke outrage and distrust, intelligence chief says |url=https://apnews.com/article/gaza-war-protests-iran-foreign-influence-95e0a161119ed0e060332feda95b4e4f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907090521/https://apnews.com/article/gaza-war-protests-iran-foreign-influence-95e0a161119ed0e060332feda95b4e4f |archive-date=September 7, 2024 |agency=Associated Press}} but Director of National Intelligence Avril Haines said that U.S. citizens were protesting "in good faith" and that this intelligence "did not indicate otherwise".{{cite press release |title=Statement from Director of National Intelligence Avril Haines on Recent Iranian Influence Efforts |date=July 9, 2024 |location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://www.dni.gov/index.php/newsroom/press-releases/press-releases-2024/3842-statement-from-director-of-national-intelligence-avril-haines-on-recent-iranian-influence-efforts |last=Haines |first=Avril |access-date=September 8, 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907182709/https://www.dni.gov/index.php/newsroom/press-releases/press-releases-2024/3842-statement-from-director-of-national-intelligence-avril-haines-on-recent-iranian-influence-efforts |archive-date=September 7, 2024 |agency=Office of the Director of National Intelligence}} Qatar reportedly contributed $4.7 billion to U.S. academic institutions between 2001 and 2021; Kenneth Marcus of the Brandeis Center suggested this may have affected university administrators' willingness to impose discipline.{{cite web |last1=Schneider |first1=Tal |last2=Kirsh |first2=Elana |last3=Fabian |first3=Emanuel |last4=Fabian |first4=Emanuel |last5=Berman |first5=Lazar |date=March 14, 2024 |title=Awash in Qatari money, have US campuses become incubators for Doha's interests? |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/awash-in-qatari-money-have-us-campuses-become-incubators-for-dohas-interests/ |access-date=2024-11-24 |website=The Times of Israel}}

Far-right agitators and white nationalists were identified at some protests seeking to sow chaos and violence,{{Cite news |last1=Bikowski |first1=Brooke |date=April 29, 2024 |title=Protests, Counterprotests Over Israel's Actions in Gaza Roil Los Angeles Universities |url=https://timesofsandiego.com/politics/2024/04/28/protests-counterprotests-against-israels-actions-in-gaza-roil-los-angeles-universities/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429014125/https://timesofsandiego.com/politics/2024/04/28/protests-counterprotests-against-israels-actions-in-gaza-roil-los-angeles-universities/ |archive-date=April 29, 2024 |access-date=April 29, 2024 |work=Times of San Diego |language=en-US |quote=It was unclear whether all of the participants were UCLA students, although known members of far right and white nationalist groups have been appearing at various campuses nationally in order to sow chaos and violence.}} and at the UCLA campus occupation, they were among pro-Israeli counter-protesters who attacked the encampment. A white supremacist affiliated with the Proud Boys was among the counter-protesters supported by far-right activists nationwide.{{Cite news |last=Winston |first=Ali |date=May 10, 2024 |title=Why far-right groups are disrupting US campus protests: 'When there's so much attention, they show up' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/10/college-campus-protests-far-right |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513202800/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/10/college-campus-protests-far-right |archive-date=May 13, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-13 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}

{{See also|Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus protests and occupations during the Gaza war#Allegations of antisemitism}}

Several protests were criticized for alleged antisemitism.{{multiref|Multiple sources:
{{Cite news|last1=Ferré-Sadurní|first1=Luis|last2=Edmonds|first2=Colbi|last3=Cruz|first3=Liset|date=April 21, 2024|title=Some Jewish Students Are Targeted as Protests Continue at Columbia|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/21/nyregion/columbia-protests-antisemitism.html|access-date=April 29, 2024|issn=0362-4331|quote=Those demonstrations took a dark turn on Saturday evening, as protesters targeted some Jewish students with antisemitic vitriol that was captured in video and pictures, both inside and outside the campus.|archive-date=April 22, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422175550/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/21/nyregion/columbia-protests-antisemitism.html|url-status=live}}|{{Cite news|last1=Perry|first1=Nick|last2=Collins|first2=Dave|last3=Price|first3=Michelle L.|date=April 23, 2024|title=Pro-Palestinian protests sweep US college campuses following mass arrests at Columbia|language=en-US|agency=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/columbia-yale-israel-palestinians-protests-56c3d9d0a278c15ed8e4132a75ea9599|access-date=April 29, 2024|quote=Some Jewish students, meanwhile, say much of the criticism of Israel has veered into antisemitism and made them feel unsafe, and they point out that Hamas is still holding hostages taken during the group's Oct. 7 invasion ... He said some of the protesters shouting antisemitic slurs were not students.|archive-date=April 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427195938/https://apnews.com/article/columbia-yale-israel-palestinians-protests-56c3d9d0a278c15ed8e4132a75ea9599|url-status=live}}|{{Cite news|date=April 23, 2024|title=Efforts to tackle student protests in America have backfired badly|language=en-US|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/united-states/2024/04/23/efforts-to-tackle-student-protests-in-america-have-backfired-badly|access-date=April 29, 2024|quote=He kept being told: "You're interpreting it wrong", but this week there was no misinterpreting, he says, the undercurrent of antisemitism on campus. "We're coming for you," other Jewish students say they were told: "Get off our campus."|archive-date=April 29, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429051235/https://www.economist.com/united-states/2024/04/23/efforts-to-tackle-student-protests-in-america-have-backfired-badly|url-status=live}}|{{Cite news|last=Rosman|first=Katherine|date=April 26, 2024|title=Columbia Bars Student Protester Who Said 'Zionists Don't Deserve to Live'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/26/nyregion/columbia-student-protest-zionism.html|quote=Video of the incendiary comments resurfaced online Thursday evening, forcing the school to again confront an issue at the core of the conflict rippling across campuses nationwide: the tension between pro-Palestinian activism and antisemitism.|access-date=2024-04-30|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427010601/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/26/nyregion/columbia-student-protest-zionism.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|last=Diver|first=Tony|date=April 27, 2024|title=Dispatch: Jewish students confront extreme anti-Semitism at Columbia protest camp|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/04/27/jewish-students-confront-extreme-anti-semitism-protest-camp/|quote=At Boston's Northeastern University, Police in riot gear cleared an encampment after crowds were heard chanting antisemitic slurs including "kill the Jews".|access-date=2024-04-30|work=The Telegraph|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235|archive-date=April 30, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430133850/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/04/27/jewish-students-confront-extreme-anti-semitism-protest-camp/|url-status=live}}}} Some students called some of the incidents reported at protests and on campus "threatening" and said they made them feel unsafe. Jewish students were targeted for their faith, for wearing Jewish symbols, or were accused of being Zionists and subsequently targeted.{{Cite web|date=April 23, 2024|title=Colleges struggle with allowing protests and preventing antisemitism and intimidation|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/colleges-struggle-with-allowing-protests-and-preventing-antisemitism-and-intimidation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512170910/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/colleges-struggle-with-allowing-protests-and-preventing-antisemitism-and-intimidation|archive-date=May 12, 2024|access-date=2024-05-14|website=PBS NewsHour|language=en-us}} Some Jewish students also said the protests created a climate of fear and hate on campus.{{Cite web|last=Alfonseca|first=Kiara|date=April 26, 2024|title=Student protesters denounce antisemitism amid criticism over pro-Palestinian encampments at college campuses|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/student-protesters-denounce-antisemitism-amid-criticism-pro-palestinian/story?id=109643275|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513135619/https://abcnews.go.com/US/student-protesters-denounce-antisemitism-amid-criticism-pro-palestinian/story?id=109643275|archive-date=May 13, 2024|access-date=2024-05-14|publisher=ABC News|location=United States|language=en}} According to The Jewish Post, a survey by Hillel of Jewish students at universities with encampments found that most of them felt unsafe due to encampments. 72% of respondents wanted them dismantled and 61% considered language used at the protests antisemitic.{{Cite web|date=May 14, 2024|title=Many Jewish students say pro-Palestinian encampments make them feel less safe, Hillel survey finds|url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-801083|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515220705/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-801083|archive-date=May 15, 2024|access-date=2024-05-14|website=The Jerusalem Post|language=en}} The U.S. Department of Education concluded that University of Michigan and CUNY failed to assess whether the protests made the environment hostile.{{cite news|last1=Binkley|first1=Collin|last2=Ma|first2=Annie|date=June 17, 2024|title=Michigan, CUNY didn't suitably assess if Israel-Hamas war protests made environment hostile, US says|url=https://apnews.com/article/campus-protests-antisemitism-islamophobia-israel-5d76f2e61ddc06d75cea680ff8939ea4|agency=Associated Press|access-date=July 24, 2024}}

File:Harvard Free Palestine Camp 14.jpg with the banner "from the river to the sea, Palestine will be free" (top right). According to The Guardian, the slogan often calls for the destruction of Israel, including its Jewish population.{{Cite news|last=McGreal|first=Chris|date=May 3, 2024|title=How pervasive is antisemitism on US campuses? A look at the language of the protests|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/03/college-gaza-protests-antisemitism|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515220347/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/03/college-gaza-protests-antisemitism|archive-date=May 15, 2024|access-date=2024-05-14|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}]]

Supporters of Israel and some students said that the word "intifada", the phrase "from the river to the sea", and chants comparing Israel and Zionism to Nazism were antisemitic. Others, including Jewish students, argued against conflating antisemitism with anti-Zionism, and said the charge was used to chill debate. Pro-Palestinian and Jewish student protesters said that the protests were not antisemitic.{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Richard |date=April 25, 2024 |title=Jewish student protesters say Columbia's pro-Palestine protests aren't antisemitic |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/columbia-protests-jewish-students-antisemitism-b2534817.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429133945/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/columbia-protests-jewish-students-antisemitism-b2534817.html |archive-date=April 29, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=The Independent |language=en}} The Guardian noted that incidents of antisemitism appeared to be "relatively isolated" and likelier to occur when non-students were in a parallel protest. Pro-Palestinian student groups at the protests were quick to condemn inflammatory remarks.

Some pro-Palestinian Jewish students said they faced antisemitism from pro-Israel activists. Some commentators and politicians, including Mayor Eric Adams, U.S. Representative Virginia Foxx, and NYPD deputy commissioner of operations Kaz Daughtry, promoted a conspiracy theory that George Soros or some other anonymous figure funded the protest encampments by buying the same brand of tents for many protesters. In fact, the similar appearance of many encampment tents was due to online retailers' discounts and promotions of particular products.{{Cite magazine|last=Gilbert|first=David|title=No, a Shadowy Figure Is Not Buying Tents for Columbia Student Protesters|url=https://www.wired.com/story/conspiracy-tents-student-protests-gaza/|access-date=2024-05-23|magazine=Wired|language=en-US|issn=1059-1028|archive-date=May 20, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520054911/https://www.wired.com/story/conspiracy-tents-student-protests-gaza/|url-status=live}}

In fall 2024, chants such as "Divest!" and "Ceasefire now!" reportedly evolved towards more explicitly endorsing Hamas, Hezbollah, and Houthis. Some protesters used slogans such as "Glory to the resistance!", called the October 7 attacks "Al-Aqsa flood", celebrated Yahya Sinwar, and used the Hamas inverted red triangle. Aidan Herzlinger, vice president of Baruch College's Hillel chapter, said students who attended a Hillel banquet at the college were called "baby killers" and "terrorists".{{cite news|last1=Meckler|first1=Laura|last2=Svrluga|first2=Susan|date=November 10, 2024|title=Pro-Hamas messages intensify on college campuses|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2024/11/10/pro-hamas-protesters-college-campuses/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20241112014956/https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2024/11/10/pro-hamas-protesters-college-campuses/|archive-date=2024-11-12|access-date=2024-11-16|newspaper=The Washington Post}}

In November 2024, hundreds of posters depicting faculty members as "wanted" were spread across the University of Rochester campus. Some of the posters accused a Jewish faculty member of ethnic cleansing and contributing to the displacement of Palestinians; others accused a faculty member of racism, hate speech, and intimidation. University President Sarah Mangelsdorf called the incident an act of antisemitism.{{cite web|last1=Marbury|first1=Justice|last2=Nguyen|first2=Thao|date=November 14, 2024|title='Wanted' posters target Jewish faculty at University of Rochester|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2024/11/13/posters-university-of-rochester-jewish-faculty/76268943007/|access-date=2024-11-17|website=USA Today}}

{{See also|Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus protests and occupations during the Gaza war#Allegations of anti-Palestinianism and Islamophobia}}

Pro-Palestinian protesters and their allies criticized the disposition of many university administrations as perpetuating a "Palestine exception" to academic freedom.{{Cite web|last=Fadel|first=Mohammad|date=April 24, 2024|title=The Palestine Exception to Academic Freedom Must Go|url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-palestine-exception-to-academic-freedom-must-go|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521052402/https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-palestine-exception-to-academic-freedom-must-go|archive-date=May 21, 2024|access-date=May 21, 2024}}{{Cite web|last=Palestine-CBT|first=Faculty and Staff Supporting Justice in|title=The Palestine Exception|url=https://www.columbiaspectator.com/opinion/2024/05/16/the-palestine-exception/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521052402/https://www.columbiaspectator.com/opinion/2024/05/16/the-palestine-exception/|archive-date=May 21, 2024|access-date=2024-05-21|website=Columbia Daily Spectator}} Pro-Palestinian students and their allies raised concerns about anti-Palestinianism and Islamophobia. Investigations by the U.S. Department of Education were opened at Columbia, Emory University, the University of North Carolina, and at Umass Amherst over their administrations' response to student protests and advocacy since the start of the war.{{Cite web|last=Khalili|first=Zoha|date=April 9, 2024|title=Palestine Legal and UNC SJP Demand Investigation into Anti-Palestinian Racism|url=https://palestinelegal.org/news/2024/4/9/palestine-legal-and-unc-sjp-demand-investigation-into-anti-palestinian-racism|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525005405/https://palestinelegal.org/news/2024/4/9/palestine-legal-and-unc-sjp-demand-investigation-into-anti-palestinian-racism|archive-date=May 25, 2024|access-date=2024-06-02|website=Palestine Legal|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last=Thakker|first=Prem|date=April 24, 2024|title="Kill All Arabs": The Feds Are Investigating UMass Amherst for Anti-Palestinian Bias|url=https://theintercept.com/2024/04/24/umass-amherst-palestine-protests-harassment/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531015440/https://theintercept.com/2024/04/24/umass-amherst-palestine-protests-harassment/|archive-date=May 31, 2024|access-date=2024-06-02|website=The Intercept|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last=Duster|first=Chandelis|date=May 2, 2024|title=Education Department opens investigation into Emory after complaints of "hostile anti-Palestinian climate"|url=https://www.cnn.com/business/live-news/university-protests-pro-palestinian-israel-05-02-24/h_73e004af910370f44120cb5fbbb50851|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503035313/https://www.cnn.com/business/live-news/university-protests-pro-palestinian-israel-05-02-24/h_73e004af910370f44120cb5fbbb50851|archive-date=May 3, 2024|access-date=2024-06-02|publisher=CNN|language=en}}{{Cite news|last=Yen|first=Amanda|date=May 3, 2024|title=Feds Probe Alleged Anti-Palestinian Racism at Columbia, Group Says|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/education-department-officially-investigates-alleged-anti-palestinian-racism-at-columbia-university|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521052354/https://www.thedailybeast.com/education-department-officially-investigates-alleged-anti-palestinian-racism-at-columbia-university|archive-date=May 21, 2024|access-date=2024-05-21|work=The Daily Beast|language=en}}

In May 2024, the New York City Police Department shared images of items it said it had confiscated from a protest at NYU, including "gas masks, ear plugs, helmets, goggles, tape, hammers, knives, ropes, and a book on TERRORISM" which were taken from the backpack of a student. One pamphlet read "Death to America!"{{cite web |last=Walker |first=Jackson |date=2024-05-03 |title='Death to America': NYPD shares disturbing anti-American propaganda at NYU encampment |url=https://abc3340.com/news/nation-world/death-to-america-nypd-shares-disturbing-anti-american-propaganda-at-nyu-encampment-new-york-city-police-department-palestine-israel-gaza-strip-ceasefire-biden-white-house-nyc-kaz-daughtry-columbia |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=WBMA}} According to the Anti-Defamation League, on the first anniversary of the October 7 Hamas-led attacks on Israel, many of the over 100 protests contained chants and other messages "filled with support for terrorist organizations", and symbols such as paragliders.{{cite web |last=Otterman |first=Sharon |date=2024-10-09 |title=Pro-Palestinian Group at Columbia Now Backs ‘Armed Resistance’ by Hamas |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/09/nyregion/columbia-pro-palestinian-group-hamas.html |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=The New York Times}} Demonstrators at Columbia published a statement calling on students "to propagate the successes of the heroic Palestinian armed resistance in weakening Israel and U.S. imperialism and inspiring anti-imperialist struggles around the world".{{cite web |last=Otterman |first=Sharon |date=2025-05-07 |title=About 80 Pro-Palestinian Activists Arrested in Columbia Library Takeover |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/07/nyregion/columbia-protest-library-occupied.html#:~:text=About%2080%20pro-Palestinian%20demonstrators,the%20police%20said%20Thursday%20morning. |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=The New York Times}}

A study by the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) found that 97% of protests were nonviolent and nearly half of those that became violent involved protesters fighting with law enforcement during police interventions.{{Cite news|last=Beckett|first=Lois|date=May 10, 2024|title=Nearly all Gaza campus protests in the US have been peaceful, study finds|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/10/peaceful-pro-palestinian-campus-protests|access-date=2024-05-12|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=May 13, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513040956/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/10/peaceful-pro-palestinian-campus-protests|url-status=live}}{{Cite web |last1=Ho |first1=Bianca |last2=Doyle |first2=Kieran |date=May 2, 2024 |title=Pro-Palestine US Student protests nearly triple in April |url=https://acleddata.com/2024/05/02/pro-palestine-us-student-protests-nearly-triple-in-april-acled-brief/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505003713/https://acleddata.com/2024/05/02/pro-palestine-us-student-protests-nearly-triple-in-april-acled-brief/ |archive-date=May 5, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project |language=en-US}}

According to officials at Vanderbilt University, a security guard was injured when protesters broke into an administrative building, resulting in the expulsion of the three students leading the charge; video footage showed students forcibly entering the building and pushing past a guard into a door frame, injuring them. The guard was out of work for two weeks as a result of injuries. The students denied using violence, calling their protest peaceful.{{cite news|last=Starr|first=Michael|date=April 11, 2024|title=Vanderbilt expels, suspends students after altercations at campus pro-Palestinian protests|url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-796476|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513052714/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-796476|archive-date=May 13, 2024|access-date=May 13, 2024|work=The Jerusalem Post|language=en}}{{cite magazine|title=Pro-Palestinian Encampments Take Over College Campuses|url=https://time.com/6969875/pro-palestinian-encampments-take-over-college-campuses-across-america/|access-date=May 13, 2024|magazine=Time|date=April 22, 2024|language=en|archive-date=April 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424011534/https://time.com/6969875/pro-palestinian-encampments-take-over-college-campuses-across-america/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|last=Bacallao|first=Marianna|date=May 10, 2024|title=Talking with a Vanderbilt senior expelled for role in pro-Palestinian protests|url=https://www.npr.org/2024/05/10/1250589763/talking-with-a-vanderbilt-senior-expelled-for-role-in-pro-palestinian-protests|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511034220/https://www.npr.org/2024/05/10/1250589763/talking-with-a-vanderbilt-senior-expelled-for-role-in-pro-palestinian-protests|archive-date=May 11, 2024|access-date=May 13, 2024|publisher=NPR}}{{Cite web|date=May 8, 2024|title=Police clear pro-Palestinian protest camp and arrest 33 at DC campus as mayor's hearing is canceled|url=https://apnews.com/article/campus-protests-george-washington-encampment-eac5c1cc396551bee1b110b48a94aefd|access-date=2024-05-19|agency=Associated Press|language=en|archive-date=May 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508130946/https://apnews.com/article/campus-protests-george-washington-encampment-eac5c1cc396551bee1b110b48a94aefd|url-status=live}}

Students and student journalists also faced violence at the hands of counter-protesters.{{Cite web |last=Cota-Robles |first=Marc |date=May 1, 2024 |title=Clashes break out at UCLA amid dueling demonstrations |url=https://abc7.com/clashes-break-out-at-ucla-amid-dueling-demonstrations-between-pro-palestinian-and-pro-israeli-protesters/14749246/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501081825/https://abc7.com/clashes-break-out-at-ucla-amid-dueling-demonstrations-between-pro-palestinian-and-pro-israeli-protesters/14749246/ |archive-date=2024-05-01 |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=ABC7 Los Angeles |language=en}}{{cite web |date=May 2, 2024 |title=Four UCLA student journalists attacked by pro-Israel counterprotesters on campus |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-05-01/four-student-journalists-attacked-by-counterprotesters-at-ucla |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502003401/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-05-01/four-student-journalists-attacked-by-counterprotesters-at-ucla |archive-date=May 2, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}} One protester at Columbia was arrested and hospitalized after a counter-protester rammed his car into a group of picketers.{{Cite web |last=Conley |first=Julia |date=May 7, 2024 |title=NYC Driver Rams into Anti-Genocide Protest, Hospitalizes One |url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/pro-israel-driver-protest |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508020347/https://www.commondreams.org/news/pro-israel-driver-protest |archive-date=May 8, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=Common Dreams |language=en}}{{Cite news |last=Meko |first=Hurubie |date=May 8, 2024 |title=Man Is Charged After Hitting Pro-Palestinian Protester With His Car |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/08/nyregion/columbia-driver-arrested-pro-palestinian-protesters.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508161722/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/08/nyregion/columbia-driver-arrested-pro-palestinian-protesters.html |archive-date=May 8, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-08 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} Counter-protesters at the University of Pennsylvania approached the encampment with knives, and in a separate incident sprayed a chemical mixture on protesters' tents, food, and belongings.{{Cite web |last=Ni |first=Jasmine |date=May 10, 2024 |title=Police in riot gear arrest 33 protesters, including Penn students, at Gaza Solidarity Encampment |url=https://www.thedp.com/article/2024/05/penn-palestine-gaza-protests-arrests |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514022427/https://www.thedp.com/article/2024/05/penn-palestine-gaza-protests-arrests |archive-date=May 14, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=The Daily Pennsylvanian |language=en-us}}

U.S. House Speaker Mike Johnson and U.S. Senators Tom Cotton and Josh Hawley called for a deployment of the National Guard to college campuses,{{Cite web |last=Frazier |first=Kierra |date=April 22, 2024 |title=Cotton and Hawley: Send in the National Guard to Columbia |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/22/columbia-new-york-troops-00153651 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512233457/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/22/columbia-new-york-troops-00153651 |archive-date=May 12, 2024 |access-date=May 21, 2024 |website=Politico}} which journalist Adam Serwer and Laurel Krause, sister of Kent State shootings victim Allison Krause, characterized{{Cite web |last=Ramirez |first=Nikki McCann |date=2024-04-22 |title=Republican Senators Demand Biden Use National Guard to Suppress Columbia Protests |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/tom-cotton-josh-hawley-biden-national-guard-columbia-1235008553/ |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}{{Cite news |last=VanDeMark |first=Brian |date=2024-04-26 |title=The grim history of using troops against student protesters |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/04/26/kent-state-killings-lesson-protests/ |access-date=2025-02-17 |work=Washington Post}}{{Cite web |date=2024-04-25 |title=Kent State Victim’s Sister Condemns Militarized Response To Pro-Palestinian College Protests |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/kent-state-victim-sister-condemns-214700028.html |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-GB}} as alluding to past instances of violence against students, such as the Kent State and Jackson State killings.{{Cite web |last=Serwer |first=Adam |date=April 24, 2024 |title=The Republicans Who Want American Carnage |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2024/04/columbia-national-guard-tom-cotton/678163/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518211439/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2024/04/columbia-national-guard-tom-cotton/678163/ |archive-date=May 18, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=April 25, 2024 |title=Kent State Victim's Sister Condemns Militarized Response To Pro-Palestinian College Protests |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kent-state-sister-militarized-police-college-protests-israel-gaza_n_662aa18de4b09d8df9d5e1b0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515224410/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kent-state-sister-militarized-police-college-protests-israel-gaza_n_662aa18de4b09d8df9d5e1b0 |archive-date=May 15, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}

{{Further|2024 University of California, Los Angeles pro-Palestinian campus occupation#Counter-protester attack}}File:Royce picture.png on April 30, the day it was attacked by pro-Israeli counter-protesters]]On May 1, 2024, around 10:50 PM, a pro-Israeli group attacked the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) pro-Palestinian protesters' camp for nearly four hours, attempting to breach the barricades surrounding it.{{Cite web |last=Cota-Robles |first=Marc |date=May 1, 2024 |title=Clashes break out at UCLA amid dueling demonstrations |url=https://abc7.com/clashes-break-out-at-ucla-amid-dueling-demonstrations-between-pro-palestinian-and-pro-israeli-protesters/14749246/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501081825/https://abc7.com/clashes-break-out-at-ucla-amid-dueling-demonstrations-between-pro-palestinian-and-pro-israeli-protesters/14749246/ |archive-date=May 1, 2024 |access-date=May 1, 2024 |website=ABC7 Los Angeles |language=en}}{{Cite news |last1=Bedi |first1=Neil |last2=Erden |first2=Bora |last3=Hernandez |first3=Marco |last4=Jhaveri |first4=Ishaan |last5=Lajka |first5=Arijeta |last6=Reneau |first6=Natalie |last7=Rosales |first7=Helmuth |last8=Toler |first8=Aric |date=2024-05-03 |title=How Counterprotesters at U.C.L.A. Provoked Violence, Unchecked for Hours |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/05/03/us/ucla-protests-encampment-violence.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504182011/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/05/03/us/ucla-protests-encampment-violence.html |archive-date=May 4, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-07 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} The attackers, reported to have come from outside campus,{{cite web |date=May 16, 2024 |title=Outsiders left UCLA protesters beaten and bloody |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/16/us/video/ucla-campus-protests-lah-digvid |access-date=18 May 2024 |website=CNN}} carried Israeli flags and assaulted students with sticks, stones, poles, metal fencing, and pepper spray.{{cite news |last1=Swanson |first1=David |date=May 1, 2024 |title=UCLA campus protests over Gaza war erupt into violent clashes between rival groups |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/police-move-quell-clashes-los-angeles-pro-palestinian-campus-protest-2024-05-01/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512151957/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/police-move-quell-clashes-los-angeles-pro-palestinian-campus-protest-2024-05-01/ |archive-date=May 12, 2024 |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=Reuters}}{{cite news |date=May 1, 2024 |title=UCLA clashes: Pro-Palestinian protesters attacked by Israel supporters |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/1/ucla-clashes-pro-palestinian-protesters-attacked-by-israel-supporters |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501120307/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/1/ucla-clashes-pro-palestinian-protesters-attacked-by-israel-supporters |archive-date=May 1, 2024 |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=Al Jazeera}} They played loud audio of a child crying, threw wood and a metal barrier into the camp, and threw at least six fireworks into the encampment, including one directly at a group of protesters carrying injured people.{{cite news |last1=Dani |first1=Anguiano |date=May 2, 2024 |title=UCLA students describe violent attack on Gaza protest encampment: 'It was terrifying' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/may/01/ucla-campus-violence-protests |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502000321/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/may/01/ucla-campus-violence-protests |archive-date=May 2, 2024 |access-date=May 2, 2024 |website=The Guardian}}{{Cite web |last1=Watanabe |first1=Teresa |last2=Nazzal |first2=Safi |date=May 1, 2024 |title=Violence stuns UCLA as counter-protesters attack pro-Palestine camp |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-30/ucla-moves-to-shut-down-pro-palestinian-encampment-as-unlawful |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501030832/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-04-30/ucla-moves-to-shut-down-pro-palestinian-encampment-as-unlawful |archive-date=May 1, 2024 |access-date=May 1, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}

A video investigation suggested pro-Palestinian protesters did not initiate any confrontation but acted in defense. The counter-protesters called for a "Second Nakba", referring to the ethnic cleansing of Palestinians in 1948, and played the Israeli national anthem and Harbu Darbu on loudspeakers during the attack.{{Cite web |last=Stieb |first=Matt |date=May 1, 2024 |title=Counterprotesters Shoot Fireworks Into UCLA Encampment |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/counterprotesters-shoot-fireworks-into-ucla-encampment.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502195554/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/counterprotesters-shoot-fireworks-into-ucla-encampment.html |archive-date=May 2, 2024 |access-date=May 1, 2024 |website=Intelligencer |language=en}} According to The Guardian, counter-protesters included several far-right activists involved in anti-LGBTQ+ and anti-vaccine campaigning.{{Cite news |last=Winston |first=Ali |date=2024-05-10 |title=Why far-right groups are disrupting US campus protests: 'When there's so much attention, they show up' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/10/college-campus-protests-far-right |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513202800/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/10/college-campus-protests-far-right |archive-date=May 13, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-13 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} The Boston Review reported that Zionist counter-protesters joined forces with white supremacists and Neo-Nazis, and that "One neo-Nazi was heard shouting, 'we’re here to finish what Hitler started,' without any apparent protest from the self-identified Zionists."{{Cite news |last=Kelley |first=Robin D. G. |date=2024-05-18 |title=UCLA's Unholy Alliance |url=https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/uclas-unholy-alliance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527152618/https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/uclas-unholy-alliance/ |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-27 |work=Boston Review |language=en-US}}

At Portland State, protesters damaged computers and furniture during their occupation of the campus library. At Columbia, protesters shattered windows during their occupation of Hamilton Hall. Police and city workers destroyed students' tents, flags and other encampment supplies while disbanding the encampment at the University of Pennsylvania.{{Cite web|last=Greenberg|first=Zoe|date=May 10, 2024|title=Tents, Palestinian flags thrown in the trash|url=https://www.inquirer.com/news/live/upenn-encampment-disbands-israel-gaza-protests-20240510.html|access-date=2024-05-14|website=The Philadelphia Inquirer|language=en|archive-date=May 14, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514033705/https://www.inquirer.com/news/live/upenn-encampment-disbands-israel-gaza-protests-20240510.html|url-status=live}} At George Washington University, protesters defaced a statue of its namesake, President George Washington. The statue was wrapped with Palestinian scarves and flags, with the words "Genocidal Warmonger University" spray-painted on its base.{{Cite web|date=May 8, 2024|title=33 protesters were arrested at George Washington University as police cleared a tent encampment|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/33-protesters-were-arrested-at-george-washington-university-as-police-cleared-a-tent-encampment|access-date=2024-05-19|website=PBS NewsHour|language=en-us|archive-date=May 19, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519122005/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/33-protesters-were-arrested-at-george-washington-university-as-police-cleared-a-tent-encampment|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|date=May 3, 2024|title=Fact Check: A George Washington Statue at GWU Was Allegedly Defaced by Pro-Palestinian Protesters. Here's the Evidence|url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/fact-check-george-washington-statue-234200388.html|access-date=2024-05-19|publisher=Yahoo News|language=en-GB|archive-date=May 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511034735/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/fact-check-george-washington-statue-234200388.html|url-status=live}}

Students replaced U.S. flags with Palestinian flags on flagpoles at several universities.{{Cite news|last=Bogel-Burroughs|first=Nicholas|date=May 1, 2024|title=The Latest Campus Battleground Is the Flagpole|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/01/us/college-protest-palestinian-flag.html|access-date=2024-05-19|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=May 19, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519045018/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/01/us/college-protest-palestinian-flag.html|url-status=live}} In Harvard Yard, student demonstrators affixed three Palestinian flags atop the John Harvard statue on April 27.{{Cite web|last=Berger|first=Ava|date=April 29, 2024|title=Palestinian flags raised in Harvard Yard over the weekend spark outrage|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2024/04/29/metro/palestinian-flags-harvard-yard/|access-date=2024-05-19|website=The Boston Globe|language=en-US|archive-date=May 19, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519105105/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2024/04/29/metro/palestinian-flags-harvard-yard/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|last=McCreary|first=Joedy|title=Palestinian flag raised at Harvard was put there by protestors, not the school {{!}} Fact check|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2024/05/02/palestinian-flag-harvard-fact-check/73531479007/|access-date=2024-05-19|website=USA Today|language=en-US|archive-date=May 19, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519105104/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2024/05/02/palestinian-flag-harvard-fact-check/73531479007/|url-status=live}} The replacement of U.S. flags sparked outrage from some officials, such as New York Mayor Eric Adams. In response, university administrations and law enforcement agencies intervened to take down the Palestinian flags and reinstate U.S. flags to their original positions.

{{Main|Reactions to the 2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses}}

File:UT Austin April 29 2024 Protest UT Tower Image.jpg campus to confront protesters, April 2024.]]

With over 3,100 protesters arrested,{{Cite news |last1=Taft |first1=Isabelle |last2=Lemonides |first2=Alex |last3=Gamio |first3=Lazaro |last4=Betts |first4=Anna |date=July 21, 2024 |title=Campus Protests Led to More Than 3,100 Arrests, but Many Charges Have Been Dropped |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/21/us/campus-protests-arrests.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721103633/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/21/us/campus-protests-arrests.html |archive-date=2024-07-21 |access-date=2024-07-23 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} universities suspended and expelled student protesters, in some cases evicting them from campus housing,{{Cite web |date=April 29, 2024 |title=Mapping pro-Palestine college campus protests around the world |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/29/mapping-pro-palestine-campus-protests-around-the-world |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501002135/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/29/mapping-pro-palestine-campus-protests-around-the-world |archive-date=May 1, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-29 |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=en}}{{Cite web |last1=Murphy |first1=Shelley |last2=Coultoff |first2=Alexa |last3=Khaw |first3=Maddie |title=Suspended MIT and Harvard protesters barred from graduation, evicted from campus housing |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2024/05/12/metro/mit-encampment-protesters-suspended/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521041642/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2024/05/12/metro/mit-encampment-protesters-suspended/ |archive-date=May 21, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=The Boston Globe |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Andone |first=Dakin |date=April 28, 2024 |title=How universities are cracking down on a swell of tension months into student protests over Israel's bombardment of Gaza |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/28/us/student-protests-universities-israel-gaza/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429063233/https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/28/us/student-protests-universities-israel-gaza/index.html |archive-date=April 29, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-28 |publisher=CNN |language=en}} and relied on police to forcibly disband occupations.{{Cite web |title=College protests updates: Police crackdown leads to hundreds of arrests |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/live-updates/college-protests-palestinian-israel-gaza/nyu-students-set-up-new-encampment-days-after-over-130-students-faculty-arrested-109718501?id=109588144 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521041643/https://abcnews.go.com/US/live-updates/college-protests-palestinian-israel-gaza/nyu-students-set-up-new-encampment-days-after-over-130-students-faculty-arrested-109718501?id=109588144 |archive-date=May 21, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-21 |publisher=ABC News |language=en |location=United States}}

Most universities that faced encampment protests in the spring attempted to negotiate a disbandment of the encampments, often threatening police sweeps to force an agreement. Many universities initiated disciplinary proceedings against protesters, accusing them of breaking student codes of conduct.{{Cite news |last1=Meckler |first1=Laura |last2=Natanson |first2=Hannah |date=May 15, 2024 |title=Massive pro-Palestinian college protests bring rare surge in discipline |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2024/05/06/college-protests-suspensions-expulsion-arrests/ |access-date=2024-05-23 |newspaper=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}} Police departments employed a range of tactics, including dispersing crowds using horses and police in riot gear, deploying pepper balls, using tasers,{{Cite web |date=April 28, 2024 |title=Hundreds of university students arrested in US as Gaza war protests spread |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/28/hundreds-of-university-students-arrested-in-us-as-gaza-war-protests-spread |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428123949/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/28/hundreds-of-university-students-arrested-in-us-as-gaza-war-protests-spread |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-28 |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2024 |title=Pro-Palestinian protests continue across US college campuses |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/columbia-university-drops-deadline-for-dismantling-pro-palestinian-protest-camp-/7585943.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507093451/https://www.voanews.com/a/columbia-university-drops-deadline-for-dismantling-pro-palestinian-protest-camp-/7585943.html |archive-date=May 7, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=Voice of America |language=en}} mass arrests,{{Cite news |last=Matza |first=Max |date=April 26, 2024 |title=Major Gaza protests at US universities |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68901927 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428121524/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68901927 |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-28 |publisher=BBC News |language=en-GB}} and tear gas, clearing unauthorized encampments, and beating both students and professors.{{cite web |last1=Fayyad |first1=Abdallah |date=May 3, 2024 |title=The lessons from colleges that didn't call the police |url=https://www.vox.com/24147461/columbia-gaza-encampment-campus-protests-police-crackdown-pro-palestinian-students |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504184652/https://www.vox.com/24147461/columbia-gaza-encampment-campus-protests-police-crackdown-pro-palestinian-students |archive-date=May 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2024 |website=Vox}} Police also assaulted, arrested and restricted access for some journalists while they were covering the protests.{{cite web |last1=Gold |first1=Hadas |date=May 1, 2024 |title=Student journalists assaulted and others arrested as protests on college campuses turn violent |url=https://www.cnn.com/business/live-news/university-protests-gaza-05-01-24/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501064128/https://www.cnn.com/business/live-news/university-protests-gaza-05-01-24/index.html |archive-date=May 1, 2024 |access-date=May 1, 2024 |publisher=CNN}} Some Democrats{{Cite web |last=Bedigan |first=Mike |date=April 26, 2024 |title=Backlash against Texas governor after troopers on horseback tackle Gaza protesters |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/protests-palestine-texas-austin-arrests-b2535097.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426023724/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/protests-palestine-texas-austin-arrests-b2535097.html |archive-date=April 26, 2024 |access-date=April 26, 2024 |website=The Independent |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Grim |first=Ryan |date=April 30, 2024 |title=Cable News Viewers Have a Skewed Attitude Toward Gaza War, Survey Finds |url=https://theintercept.com/2024/04/30/gaza-israel-palestine-cable-news-poll/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430225045/https://theintercept.com/2024/04/30/gaza-israel-palestine-cable-news-poll/ |archive-date=April 30, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=The Intercept |language=en-US}}{{Cite news |last=Astor |first=Maggie |date=April 30, 2024 |title=College Democrats Back Protests and Criticize Biden's Israel Policy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/30/us/politics/biden-israel-college-protest.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430190822/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/30/us/politics/biden-israel-college-protest.html |archive-date=April 30, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-30 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} and human rights organizations criticized the police response.{{Cite web |last1=Healey |first1=S. Mac |last2=Sundar |first2=Saketh |date=April 29, 2024 |title=ACLU Calls on University Presidents to Protect Protests, Free Speech in Open Letter |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2024/4/29/aclu-letter-universities-free-speech/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430225045/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2024/4/29/aclu-letter-universities-free-speech/ |archive-date=April 30, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=The Harvard Crimson}}{{Cite news |last1=Iqbal |first1=Nomia |last2=Cabral |first2=Sam |last3=FitzGerald |first3=James |date=April 29, 2024 |title=Columbia protesters take over building after defying deadline |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68923528 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430135343/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68923528 |archive-date=April 30, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-30 |publisher=BBC News |language=en-GB}} By fall 2024, many universities had strengthened their restrictions on protests,{{cite web |last1=Taft |first1=Isabelle |title=How Colleges Are Changing Their Rules on Protesting |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/12/us/college-protest-rules.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915070658/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/12/us/college-protest-rules.html |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} including more than 100 colleges and universities, and several schools had banned camping on their grounds.{{Cite web |last=Hurwitz |first=Sophie |title=New university rules crack down on Gaza protests |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2024/09/new-university-rules-crack-down-on-gaza-protests/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914015332/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2024/09/new-university-rules-crack-down-on-gaza-protests/ |archive-date=September 14, 2024 |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=Mother Jones |language=en-US}}

Over 200 groups expressed support for the protests,{{Cite web |last=Suter |first=Tara |date=April 30, 2024 |title=Almost 200 progressive organizations voice solidarity with student protesters |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/education/4632475-almost-200-progressive-organizations-voice-solidarity-with-student-protesters/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430192206/https://thehill.com/homenews/education/4632475-almost-200-progressive-organizations-voice-solidarity-with-student-protesters/ |archive-date=April 30, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}} as well as U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders, various members of Congress, several labor unions,{{Cite web |last1=Shen |first1=Michelle |last2=Beckford |first2=Jalen |date=April 28, 2024 |title=Sanders voices support for pro-Palestinian protests as he condemns 'all forms of bigotry' {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/28/politics/sanders-university-protest-israel-netanyahu/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429063132/https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/28/politics/sanders-university-protest-israel-netanyahu/index.html |archive-date=April 29, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-28 |publisher=CNN |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Shapero |first=Julia |date=May 8, 2024 |title=Why labor unions are backing pro-Palestine protesters after mass campus arrests |url=https://thehill.com/business/4649705-labor-unions-pro-palestine-protesters/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508144523/https://thehill.com/business/4649705-labor-unions-pro-palestine-protesters/ |archive-date=May 8, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}} hundreds of university staff in the United Kingdom,{{Cite news |last1=Castle |first1=Stephen |last2=Turner |first2=Mary |date=May 11, 2024 |title=British Colleges Are Handling Protests Differently. Will It Pay Off? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/11/world/europe/british-colleges-are-handling-protests-differently-will-it-pay-off.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513043725/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/11/world/europe/british-colleges-are-handling-protests-differently-will-it-pay-off.html |archive-date=May 13, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite web |last=Murugesu |first=Jason Arunn |date=May 24, 2024 |title=More than 200 university staff back pro-Palestine protesters |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c6ppl5x3g6no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527134153/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c6ppl5x3g6no |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-27 |publisher=BBC News |language=en-GB}} and Iran's supreme leader Ali Khamenei.{{Cite web |last=Timotija |first=Filip |date=May 30, 2024 |title=Iran's supreme leader applauds US campus protests against Israel |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/4694384-irans-supreme-leader-applauds-us-campus-protests-against-israel/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531212707/https://thehill.com/policy/international/4694384-irans-supreme-leader-applauds-us-campus-protests-against-israel/ |archive-date=May 31, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}} Protests were condemned by leaders including President Joe Biden, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Mark Rutte,{{Cite news |last=Borst |first=Thomas |date=May 9, 2024 |title=Premier Rutte spreekt zich uit over studentenprotesten Amsterdam |trans-title=Prime Minister Rutte speaks out about student protests in Amsterdam |url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/05/09/premier-rutte-spreekt-zich-uit-over-studentenprotesten-amsterdam-a4198354 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510210306/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/05/09/premier-rutte-spreekt-zich-uit-over-studentenprotesten-amsterdam-a4198354 |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-10 |work=NRC |language=nl-NL}} and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu;{{Cite web |last=Mpoke Bigg |first=Matthew |date=April 24, 2024 |title=Netanyahu Calls Student Protests Antisemitic and Says They Must Be Quelled |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/24/us/netanyahu-israel-us-college-protests.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424232746/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/24/us/netanyahu-israel-us-college-protests.html |archive-date=April 24, 2024 |access-date=April 24, 2024 |work=The New York Times}} and Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese,{{Cite web |last=Marcus |first=Caroline |date=May 7, 2024 |title=PM doubles down on condemnation of anti-Israel slogan |url=https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/politics/anthony-albanese-issues-strongest-condemnation-yet-of-antiisrael-slogan-from-the-river-to-the-sea-in-interview-for-josh-frydenbergs-new-documentary/news-story/4cc00e220ad78e67bc1cc4181e2f0250 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515063655/https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/politics/anthony-albanese-issues-strongest-condemnation-yet-of-antiisrael-slogan-from-the-river-to-the-sea-in-interview-for-josh-frydenbergs-new-documentary/news-story/4cc00e220ad78e67bc1cc4181e2f0250 |archive-date=May 15, 2024 |access-date=May 15, 2024 |website=Sky News Australia |language=en}} UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak,{{Cite news |last=Adams |first=Richard |date=May 9, 2024 |title=University leaders must take 'personal' care to protect Jewish students, Sunak says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/article/2024/may/09/university-leaders-must-take-personal-care-to-protect-jewish-students-sunak-says |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516032538/https://www.theguardian.com/education/article/2024/may/09/university-leaders-must-take-personal-care-to-protect-jewish-students-sunak-says |archive-date=May 16, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-13 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau raised concerns.{{cite news |date=May 3, 2024 |title=Quebec premier says police should dismantle pro-Palestinian student camp |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/03/pro-palestine-campus-protests-canada |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618183436/https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/03/pro-palestine-campus-protests-canada |archive-date=June 18, 2024 |access-date=June 15, 2024 |work=The Guardian}}

A May 2024 divestment referendum at DePaul University returned a 91% vote in favor of divestment.{{Cite web|last1=Cox|first1=Jake|last2=Preziosi|first2=Lucia|date=May 30, 2024|title=DePaul divestment referendum passes, 91% of votes|url=https://depauliaonline.com/70994/news/breaking-sga-overwhelmingly-passes-referendum-on-divestment-from-israel/|access-date=2024-09-14|website=The DePaulia|archive-date=September 14, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914185500/https://depauliaonline.com/70994/news/breaking-sga-overwhelmingly-passes-referendum-on-divestment-from-israel/|url-status=live}} In April 2024, Columbia College voted on three divestment questions. The first asked whether Columbia should divest from Israel, the second asked whether it should cancel the Tel Aviv Global Center program, and the third asked whether Columbia should end its dual degree program with Tel Aviv University. The motions passed by 76%, 68%, and 65%, respectively, with 40% voter participation.{{Cite web|last=Noxon|first=Oscar|title=Columbia College overwhelmingly passes divestment referendum|url=https://www.columbiaspectator.com/news/2024/04/22/columbia-college-overwhelmingly-passes-divestment-referendum/|access-date=2024-09-19|website=Columbia Daily Spectator|archive-date=April 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423071500/https://www.columbiaspectator.com/news/2024/04/22/columbia-college-overwhelmingly-passes-divestment-referendum/|url-status=live}} Students at the University of Pennsylvania voted 73% in favor of disclosing all investments in the school's endowment and 63% in favor of ending the university's relationship with Ghost Robotics, with 22% voter participation.{{Cite web|last=Bartlett|first=Neema Baddam, Katie|title=Penn rebuffs student referendum vote in favor of divestment from Israel|url=https://www.thedp.com/article/2024/06/penn-muslim-student-association-referendum-vote|access-date=2024-09-19|website=thedp.com|language=en-us|archive-date=July 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701162420/https://www.thedp.com/article/2024/06/penn-muslim-student-association-referendum-vote|url-status=live}}

According to a YouGov poll released on May 3, 2024, 47% of Americans opposed the campus protests and 28% supported them. American Muslims supported the protests by 75% to 14% while Jewish Americans opposed them by 72% to 18%. Adults under 45 were more likely to support them than older adults. 33% believed the response to the protests was not harsh enough, 16% believed it was too harsh, and 20% believed the response was about right. 48% of Americans over 45 believed the response was not harsh enough, compared to only 16% under 45.{{cite web |last=Orth |first=Taylor |date=May 3, 2024 |title=What Americans think about recent pro-Palestinian campus protests |url=https://today.yougov.com/politics/articles/49311-opinion-on-pro-palestinian-college-campus-protests |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504184031/https://today.yougov.com/politics/articles/49311-opinion-on-pro-palestinian-college-campus-protests |archive-date=May 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2024 |website=YouGov |language=en-us}}

According to an Axios poll released on May 7, 2024, 8% of college students participated in the protests. 34% blame Hamas, 19% blame Netanyahu, 12% blame the Israeli people, and 12% blame Biden for the destruction in Gaza. 81% of students supported holding protesters accountable for destroyed property and illegally occupied buildings, 67% considered occupying campus buildings unacceptable, 58% considered refusal to disperse unacceptable, and 90% opposed blocking pro-Israel students. Students were more likely to support the pro-Palestinian encampments, with 45% who supported them strongly or moderately, 30% neutral, and 24% strongly or mildly opposed. Among those who participated in anti-Israeli protests, 58% said they would not be friends with someone who had marched for Israel, while 64% of students who marched in favor of Israel said they would still be friends with anti-Israeli protesters.{{cite news |last=Habeshian |first=Sareen |date=May 7, 2024 |title=Exclusive poll: Most college students shrug at nationwide protests |url=https://www.axios.com/2024/05/07/poll-students-israel-hamas-protests?utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter&utm_campaign=editorial |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508232023/https://www.axios.com/2024/05/07/poll-students-israel-hamas-protests |archive-date=May 8, 2024 |access-date=May 7, 2024 |work=Axios}}

In a Data for Progress poll in collaboration with Zeteo released on May 8, 2024, 55% of Democrats, 36% of Republicans, and 46% of all likely voters said they disapproved of colleges limiting students' rights and ability to protest Israel's military operations, whereas 32% of Democrats, 49% of Republicans, and 40% of all likely voters approved of doing so.{{multiref2|1=[https://www.dataforprogress.org/blog/2024/5/8/support-for-a-permanent-ceasefire-in-gaza-increases-across-party-lines Support for a Permanent Ceasefire in Gaza Increases Across Party Lines] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516112630/https://www.dataforprogress.org/blog/2024/5/8/support-for-a-permanent-ceasefire-in-gaza-increases-across-party-lines|date=May 16, 2024}}; Data for Progress; May 8, 2024|2=[https://zeteo.com/p/gaza-israel-genocide-poll-ceasefire-us-voters EXCLUSIVE POLL: A Majority of Democratic Voters Believe Israel Is Committing Genocide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514191347/https://zeteo.com/p/gaza-israel-genocide-poll-ceasefire-us-voters|date=May 14, 2024}}; Mehdi Hasan; Zeteo; May 8, 2024|3=[https://www.commondreams.org/news/democratic-voters-israel-genocide Majority of Democratic Voters Believe Israel's US-Backed Gaza Assault Is 'Genocide': Poll] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515055356/https://www.commondreams.org/news/democratic-voters-israel-genocide|date=May 15, 2024}}; Julia Conley; Common Dreams; May 8, 2024|4=[https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240509-israel-is-committing-genocide-in-gaza-believe-us-democrats-according-to-new-poll/ Israel is committing genocide in Gaza, believe US Democrats according to new poll] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512153943/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240509-israel-is-committing-genocide-in-gaza-believe-us-democrats-according-to-new-poll/|date=May 12, 2024}}; Middle East Monitor; May 9, 2024}} Overall, 40% approved and 42% disapproved of the protests.[https://jpost.com/us-elections/article-800603 Most Democrats believe Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza – poll] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516045229/https://www.jpost.com/us-elections/article-800603|date=May 16, 2024}}; The Jerusalem Post; May 9, 2024

In Canada, 19% of respondents supported the protesters and 48% of respondents opposed the protests.{{cite news|title=Less than one-fifth of Canadians support anti-Israel protest encampments at universities|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/less-than-one-fifth-of-canadians-support-anti-israel-protest-encampments-at-universities|work=National Post|date=May 27, 2024|access-date=June 15, 2024|archive-date=June 18, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618183435/https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/less-than-one-fifth-of-canadians-support-anti-israel-protest-encampments-at-universities|url-status=live}}

File:Demonstratie tegen oorlog in Vietnam, NATO enz. in Amsterdam, Bestanddeelnr 921-2506.jpg in Amsterdam, 1968]]

The Guardian called the protests "perhaps the most significant student movement since the anti-Vietnam campus protests of the late 1960s".{{Cite news |last=Helmore |first=Edward |date=April 28, 2024 |title=Echoes of Vietnam era as pro-Palestinian student protests roil US campuses |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/28/us-student-protests-gaza-israel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429063103/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/28/us-student-protests-gaza-israel |archive-date=April 29, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-28 |work=The Observer |language=en-GB |issn=0029-7712}} Protests at Columbia were compared to the 1968 protests due to their scale and tactics,{{Cite news|last=Chappell|first=Bill|date=April 26, 2024|title=In Columbia University's protests of 1968 and 2024, what's similar – and different|url=https://www.npr.org/2024/04/26/1247527512/columbia-university-protests-1968-2024-history|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426222148/https://www.npr.org/2024/04/26/1247527512/columbia-university-protests-1968-2024-history|archive-date=April 26, 2024|access-date=April 27, 2024|publisher=NPR}} and as echoing the 1968 movement.{{Cite web|last=Arkin|first=Daniel|date=May 1, 2024|title=Columbia unrest echoes chaotic campus protest movement of 1968|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/columbia-unrest-echoes-chaotic-campus-protest-movement-1968-rcna149967|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501142410/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/columbia-unrest-echoes-chaotic-campus-protest-movement-1968-rcna149967|archive-date=May 1, 2024|access-date=2024-05-01|publisher=NBC News|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=April 29, 2024|title=How Columbia University's complex history with the student protest movement echoes into today|url=https://apnews.com/article/columbia-gaza-campus-protests-1968-505f9da3aef5ce7a9f7d6eb962dacb5d|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501165756/https://apnews.com/article/columbia-gaza-campus-protests-1968-505f9da3aef5ce7a9f7d6eb962dacb5d|archive-date=May 1, 2024|access-date=2024-05-01|agency=Associated Press|language=en}} According to The Independent, protesters studied the 1968 movement. A Columbia undergraduate said that student organizers learned from the experiences of older generations, calling the movement "completely built" on the legacy of the 1968 protests.{{Cite web|last=Hall|first=Richard|date=April 27, 2024|title=Gaza protests have spread across the country: Is this Gen-Z's 1968 moment?|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/gaza-protests-columbia-1968-b2535676.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426233137/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/gaza-protests-columbia-1968-b2535676.html|archive-date=April 26, 2024|access-date=April 27, 2024|website=The Independent|language=en}} Mark Rudd, who led protests against the Vietnam War at Columbia in the 1960s, said, "For me, it's the most normal thing in the world to look at the murder of 34,000 people and the displacement of close to 2 million in Gaza and say, 'Hey, stop!"{{cite news |date=April 30, 2024 |title=1968 Columbia Protest Leader: These Kids Are 'Smarter' |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/1968-columbia-protest-leader-mark-rudd-these-kids-are-smarter |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505150644/https://www.thedailybeast.com/1968-columbia-protest-leader-mark-rudd-these-kids-are-smarter |archive-date=May 5, 2024 |access-date=May 5, 2024 |work=The Daily Beast}} Laurel Krause, the sister of Kent State shooting victim Allison Krause said she not only supported the protests and asked university leaders to listen to their demands, but condemned the militarized response by campus authorities to disperse protests, saying that it endangered students' lives and rights to free expression.{{cite web|url=https://laurelkrause.substack.com/p/to-student-protesting-the-gaza-genocide?triedRedirect=true|title=To Students Protesting the Gaza Genocide: Remember the Kent State Massacre|date=April 30, 2024}}{{cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kent-state-sister-militarized-police-college-protests-israel-gaza_n_662aa18de4b09d8df9d5e1b0|title=Kent State Victim's Sister Condemns Militarized Response to Pro-Palestinian College Protests|date=April 25, 2024|access-date=May 21, 2024|archive-date=May 15, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515224410/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kent-state-sister-militarized-police-college-protests-israel-gaza_n_662aa18de4b09d8df9d5e1b0|url-status=live}}

Former Columbia student leaders from the era of protests against apartheid in the 1980s, including BDS co-founder Omar Barghouti and historian Barbara Ransby, said the "intersecting issues of war, racism and colonialism" were focal points in the movements of 1968, the 1980s, and 2024—and that the similarities are clear among the periods.{{Cite news|last1=Barghouti|first1=Omar|last2=Jones|first2=Tanaquil|last3=Ransby|first3=Barbara|date=May 3, 2024|title=Let us remember the last time students occupied Columbia University|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/article/2024/may/03/columbia-pro-palestinian-protest-south-africa-divestment|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503131227/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/article/2024/may/03/columbia-pro-palestinian-protest-south-africa-divestment|archive-date=May 3, 2024|access-date=2024-05-03|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|quote=From 1968 to the 1980s to 2024, the often intersecting issues of war, racism and colonialism, took center stage in Columbia justice movements, reflecting larger campus and international struggles raging at the time. Each of these periods was unique, but parallels are clear.}} The New York Times reported that some scholars considered the protests starkly different from those against the Vietnam War or apartheid South Africa. According to Timothy Naftali, protests against Vietnam in the 1960s did not result in a constituency that felt attacked as an ethnicity, and that the pro-Palestinian demonstrations created "a feeling of insecurity in a much bigger way than the antiwar demonstrations during Vietnam did". New England Patriots owner Robert Kraft said phrases like "Go back to Poland" and "stop killing children", which Columbia University's Chabad chapter said had been yelled at Jewish students, were "further echoes of the forces that helped give rise to the Nazis".{{cite web|date=April 25, 2024|title=Patriots owner Robert Kraft: 'Jew hatred' on U.S. college campuses is another parallel to Germany in 1930s and '40s|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/college-campus-protests-israel-robert-kraft-comments-rcna149322|access-date=2024-11-24|publisher=NBC News}} In May 2024, some Jewish students on campus believed that support for Israel was a 'litmus test' leading to their social exclusion from campus social life.{{cite web |last=Bernstein |first=Joseph |date=2024-05-22 |title=Some Jewish Students Say Their Views on Zionism Have Affected Their Social Life |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/22/style/jewish-college-students-zionism-israel.html |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=The New York Times}} In September 2024, following many harassment complaints, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign banned the ostracizing of Jewish students from school clubs for identifying as Zionist.{{cite web |last=Prince |first=Cathryn J. |last2=Magid |first2=Jacob |last3=Berman |first3=Lazar |last4=Magid |first4=Jacob |date=2024-09-15 |title=4 years after complaint, Illinois university bans harassment of students for Zionist views |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/4-years-after-complaint-illinois-university-bans-harassment-of-students-for-zionist-views/ |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=The Times of Israel}}

Far-right influencers and some Republicans portrayed the protests as violent, a "Marxist takeover," and "terrorism". The New York Times opined that the protests came during a presidential election year in which Democrats had "harnessed promises of stability and normalcy to win critical recent elections" and that the protests were a messaging opportunity for Republicans to divide Democrats.{{Cite news|last1=Glueck|first1=Katie|date=April 29, 2024|title=College Protests Over Gaza Deepen Democratic Rifts|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/28/us/politics/college-protests-israel-democrats.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428213240/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/28/us/politics/college-protests-israel-democrats.html|archive-date=April 28, 2024|access-date=April 28, 2024|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} The newspaper also published an article citing NewsGuard, the Institute for Strategic Dialogue, the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, and Recorded Future on how the media of Russia, China, and Iran had covered the events. It concluded that those countries had made overt and covert efforts to capitalize on the protests to denigrate democracy, inflame partisan tensions, criticize Biden ahead of the 2024 presidential election, support Trump, and express support for Hamas and Palestinians generally.{{Cite news|last1=Myers|first1=Steven Lee|last2=Hsu|first2=Tiffany|date=May 2, 2024|title=Campus Protests Give Russia, China and Iran Fuel to Exploit U.S. Divide|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/02/business/media/campus-protests-russia-china-iran-us.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502171742/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/02/business/media/campus-protests-russia-china-iran-us.html|archive-date=May 2, 2024|access-date=May 2, 2024|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}

Both Columbia Professor of Journalism Helen Benedict and Johns Hopkins political science professor Daniel Schlozman remarked that Republican fixation on criticizing universities as bastions of leftist ideology had resulted in portrayals of the protests as examples of radicalism on race and gender issues as a way to divide Democrats.{{Cite news|last1=Taub|first1=Amanda|date=April 28, 2024|title=Why Gaza Protests on U.S. College Campuses Have Become So Contagious|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/26/world/europe/interpreter-gaza-college-protests.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430120809/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/26/world/europe/interpreter-gaza-college-protests.html|archive-date=April 30, 2024|access-date=May 1, 2024|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite news|last=Benedict|first=Helen|date=May 10, 2024|title=The Student Protesters Are Demonstrating Their Bravery, Not Antisemitism|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/the-student-protesters-are-demonstrating-their-bravery-not-anti-semitism/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513100504/https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/the-student-protesters-are-demonstrating-their-bravery-not-anti-semitism/|archive-date=May 13, 2024|access-date=2024-05-14|work=The Nation|language=en-US|issn=0027-8378}} A Jewish Currents editor described the movement as providing "cover for the right to expand its attack on protest" in reference to the "draconian" crackdown on protests, saying the "attacks on academic freedom and free speech on campus" were led by right-wingers.{{Cite news|last=Angel|first=Arielle|date=May 11, 2024|title=Campus protest crackdowns claim to be about antisemitism – but they're part of a rightwing plan|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/11/us-university-protests-antisemitism-free-speech|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513040959/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/may/11/us-university-protests-antisemitism-free-speech|archive-date=May 13, 2024|access-date=2024-05-12|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} Republicans used antisemitic tropes when denouncing protests as antisemitic, including allusions to conspiracies around George Soros and invoking globalists.{{Cite news|last1=Yourish|first1=Karen|last2=Ivory|first2=Danielle|last3=Valentino-DeVries|first3=Jennifer|last4=Lemonides|first4=Alex|date=May 9, 2024|title=How Republicans Echo Antisemitic Tropes Despite Declaring Support for Israel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/09/us/antisemitism-republicans-trump.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513063903/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/09/us/antisemitism-republicans-trump.html|archive-date=May 13, 2024|access-date=2024-05-14|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}

Initially, The New York Times wrote that protests outside the U.S. were "sporadic and smaller, and none [started] a wider student movement". The "partisan political context" was given as a reason for the intensity of protests in the U.S. Columbia's status as an Ivy League school, its proximity to New York City and national news media, and its large population of Jewish students were described as fueling increased media attention and political scrutiny that helped spread the protests. According to a Washington Monthly study in May, pro-Palestinian demonstrations and encampments were more prevalent at elite U.S. universities. The magazine wrote, "in the vast majority of cases, campuses that educate students mostly from working-class backgrounds have not had any protest activity."{{Cite web|last1=Kelchen|first1=Robert|last2=Novicoff|first2=Marc|date=May 24, 2024|title=Are Gaza Protests Happening Mostly at Elite Colleges?|url=http://washingtonmonthly.com/2024/05/24/are-gaza-protests-happening-mostly-at-elite-colleges/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608060700/https://washingtonmonthly.com/2024/05/24/are-gaza-protests-happening-mostly-at-elite-colleges/|archive-date=June 8, 2024|access-date=2024-06-06|website=Washington Monthly|language=en-US}}

File:Exeter Liberation Encampment for Palestine 03.jpg, United kingdom. By May 7, student encampments had spread to twenty universities in the UK.{{Cite news |last=Tait |first=Albert |date=May 12, 2024 |title=Birmingham University threatens pro-Palestinian students with police action |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/05/12/birmingham-university-pro-palestinian-students-leave/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514132840/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/05/12/birmingham-university-pro-palestinian-students-leave/ |archive-date=May 14, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-14 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}]]

On May 3, NPR described the protests abroad as "a growing global student movement", with student protests in the United Kingdom focused on "an increasingly high-profile nationwide campaign to end British arms exports to Israel".{{Cite news|last=Marx|first=Willem|date=May 3, 2024|title=Campus protests over the war in Gaza have gone international|url=https://www.npr.org/2024/05/03/1248661834/student-protests-gaza-universities-international|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503151552/https://www.npr.org/2024/05/03/1248661834/student-protests-gaza-universities-international|archive-date=May 3, 2024|access-date=May 3, 2024|publisher=NPR}} According to NBC News, the protests abroad inspired by protests in the U.S. did not have the intensity of U.S. protests.{{Cite web|last=Da Silva|first=Chantal|date=May 3, 2024|title=Pro-Palestinian campus protests are going global|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/global-protests-pro-palestinian-college-campus-encampments-rcna150158|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503155547/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/global-protests-pro-palestinian-college-campus-encampments-rcna150158|archive-date=May 3, 2024|access-date=2024-05-03|publisher=NBC News|language=en}} By May 7, protests had escalated in Europe after mass arrests at the University of Amsterdam, with occupations of campus buildings in Germany, France, and Belgium, and encampments on several European campuses.{{Cite news |last=Kassam |first=Ashifa |date=May 8, 2024 |title=Clashes and arrests as pro-Palestinian protests spread across European campuses |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/08/pro-palestine-student-protests-campuses-europe-arrests-police |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508232024/https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/08/pro-palestine-student-protests-campuses-europe-arrests-police |archive-date=May 8, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-08 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} The Associated Press described protests at Sciences Po in Paris as "echoing similar encampments and solidarity demonstrations across the United States".{{Cite web|date=May 3, 2024|title=French police peacefully remove pro-Palestinian students occupying a university building in Paris|url=https://apnews.com/article/france-student-protests-israel-palestinians-gaza-0ec592621be4ac2d40ded1c4297314e1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507043612/https://apnews.com/article/france-student-protests-israel-palestinians-gaza-0ec592621be4ac2d40ded1c4297314e1|archive-date=May 7, 2024|access-date=2024-05-08|agency=Associated Press|language=en}} By May 9, protests were widespread at universities in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, while smaller ones were held at Japanese and South Korean universities.{{Cite web|last1=Niazi|first1=Shuriah|last2=Amjad Khan|first2=Ameen|last3=Alamgir|first3=Mohiuddin|date=May 9, 2024|title=Asian students swell ranks of 'global' anti-war protesters|url=https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20240509171206301|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511022819/https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20240509171206301|archive-date=May 11, 2024|access-date=2024-05-14|website=University World News|language=en}}

Media coverage of the protests was criticized as sensationalized and failing to focus on the protesters' demands and grievances.{{Cite web|last=Brown|first=Danielle K.|date=May 4, 2024|title=Media coverage of campus protests tends to focus on the spectacle, rather than the substance|url=http://theconversation.com/media-coverage-of-campus-protests-tends-to-focus-on-the-spectacle-rather-than-the-substance-229172|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507013206/http://theconversation.com/media-coverage-of-campus-protests-tends-to-focus-on-the-spectacle-rather-than-the-substance-229172|archive-date=May 7, 2024|access-date=2024-05-07|website=The Conversation|language=en-US}} Dana Bash was criticized for likening college protests to the rise of antisemitism in the 1930s in Europe. The lack of student protesters' voices in most national media coverage was also criticized. Student reporters, in particular, were praised for their work covering the protests.{{Cite web|date=May 8, 2024|title=Why Student Journalists Are Leading Campus Protests Coverage|url=https://nbcuacademy.com/campus-protests-student-journalism/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515220434/https://nbcuacademy.com/campus-protests-student-journalism/|archive-date=May 15, 2024|access-date=2024-05-14|website=NBCU Academy|language=en-US}}{{Cite news|last=Knutson|first=Jacob|date=May 4, 2024|title=Student journalists praised for coverage on campus Gaza war protests|url=https://www.axios.com/2024/05/04/israel-gaza-college-protests-journalists-pulitzer|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512140408/https://www.axios.com/2024/05/04/israel-gaza-college-protests-journalists-pulitzer|archive-date=May 12, 2024|access-date=May 14, 2024|work=Axios}}

• International reactions to the Gaza war
• Kent State shootings – Vietnam war protest; National Guard killed 4 students in 1970 at university in Ohio
• Occupy Wall Street, in 2011
• Nationwide student anti-war strike of 1970
• Anti-Zionism on Campus
• Antisemitism during the Gaza war
• Qatari involvement in higher education in the United States
• Project Esther

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

{{Commons-inline}}

• {{cite episode|title=Crisis on Campus|series=FRONTLINE|series-link=Frontline (American TV program)|date=June 11, 2024|network=PBS|station=WGBH|season=42|number=18|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/crisis-on-campus/|access-date=August 30, 2024}}

{{2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses}}

{{Gaza war|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses, 2024}}

Category:April 2024 in the United States

Category:May 2024 in the United States

Category:Israel–Hamas war protests in the United States

Category:Anti-war protests in the United States

Category:Student protests in the United States

Category:Anti-Zionism in the United States

Category:Presidency of Joe Biden