2Blades

2Blades is partly funded by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation{{cite web|date=2020-06-17|title=USDA awards grant to 2Blades Foundation to study wild wheat to help prevent diseases|url=http://www.thefencepost.com/news/usda-awards-grant-to-2blades-foundation-to-study-wild-wheat-to-help-prevent-diseases/|access-date=2021-06-05|website=TheFencePost.com}} does its research at The Sainsbury Laboratory,{{cite web | title=The 2Blades Group Archives | website=The Sainsbury Laboratory | date=2021-06-05 | url=http://www.tsl.ac.uk/groups/twoblades/ | access-date=2021-06-05}}{{cite web | url=http://college.unc.edu/2015/09/plantgrantdangl/ | date=September 15, 2015 | title=UNC biologist is part of global effort that will investigate plant immunity | website=UNC College of Arts and Sciences | access-date=June 5, 2021 | archive-date=June 5, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605153306/https://college.unc.edu/2015/09/plantgrantdangl/ | url-status=dead }} among other locations {{Which|date=July 2021}}. One co-founder, Chairman Roger Freedman also works for Gatsby, which was founded by Lord David Sainsbury.{{cite conference | date=July 18–23, 2010 | conference=Gordon Research Conference on Plant Molecular Biology | title=Final Progress Report | url=http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1028646}} Freedman had pitched an idea to Sainsbury's venture capital company to begin investing in plant genetic engineering technologies, and although the board did so, they found someone else to lead it.{{cite web | title=A Conversation between 2Blades Chair Roger Freedman and Our New Board Member Rob Horsch | website=2Blades Foundation | date=2020-07-01 | url=http://2blades.org/2020/07/01/a-conversation-between-2blades-chair-roger-freedman-and-new-board-member-rob-horsch/ | access-date=2021-06-15}} Freedman had wanted to run it, but was told that was not for him by Sainsbury. Indeed, soon thereafter Sainsbury set up another early investment company specifically for Freedman and a colleague, and a separate non-profit for Freedman to grant money, both for plant science. The non-profit was 2Blades.

2Blades routinely works in partnership with other crop disease organizations like CIMMYT and BGRI.{{cite web | title=Stacking plant disease resistance genes for improved resistance | website=BGRI | date=2021-03-30 | url=http://bgri.cornell.edu/stacking-plant-disease-resistance-genes-for-improved-resistance/ | access-date=2021-06-05}} The foundation also conducts research in partnerships with the industry, including with Bayer CropScience{{cite web | url=http://www.croplife.com/industry-news/bayer-2blades-foundation-extend-agreement-into-2023-to-bolster-asian-soybean-rust-research/ | title=Bayer, 2Blades Foundation Extend Agreement into 2023 to Bolster Asian Soybean Rust Research | website=CropLife| date=16 February 2021 }}{{cite web | title=Plant Experts Tag Team against Asian Soybean Rust | website=Crop Biotech Update | date=2021-02-17 | url=http://www.isaaa.org/kc/cropbiotechupdate/article/default.asp?ID=18597 | access-date=2021-06-05}}{{cite web | url=http://www.bayer.com/sites/default/files/2021-02/Bayer-Annual-Report-2020.pdf | title=Bayer Annual Report 2020 | pages=1–265}} p.{{nbs}}46 and Monsanto.{{cite news | title=Monsanto and 2Blades Foundation Collaborate to Combat Devastating Soybean Disease | website=Bloomberg News | date=2018-05-22 | url=http://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/2018-05-22/monsanto-and-2blades-foundation-collaborate-to-combat-devastating-soybean-disease | access-date=2021-06-05}} The organisation's End the Blight campaign has been joined by CIP (the International Potato Center){{cite web| title=End the blight| website=End the blight| url=http://endtheblight.com/| access-date=2021-06-05| archive-date=2022-01-06| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106183726/https://endtheblight.com/| url-status=dead}} and Chairman of Joseph P. Kennedy Enterprises Christopher Kennedy. This campaign is advancing research and delivering cultivars specifically for Phytophthora infestans in Africa. Mr Kennedy is chairman of 2Blades African Potato Initiative which is funding the delivery of a Victoria-based cultivar to East African markets.{{cite web | title=An ask from Chris Kennedy | website=End the Blight | url=http://endtheblight.com/kennedy/ | access-date=2021-07-01 | last=Kennedy | first=Christopher | author-link=Christopher G. Kennedy | archive-date=2022-03-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329012654/https://endtheblight.com/kennedy/ | url-status=dead }}

Crops and pathogens of research interest to the foundation include P. infestans on potato,{{cite web | title=FUNDERS – Annual Report 2017 | website=Annual Report 2017 | url=http://cipotato.org/annualreport2017/annualreport2017/donors/ | access-date=2021-06-05}} rye,{{cite journal | last1=Rabanus-Wallace | first1=M. Timothy | last2=Hackauf | first2=Bernd | last3=Mascher | first3=Martin | last4=Lux | first4=Thomas | last5=Wicker | first5=Thomas | last6=Gundlach | first6=Heidrun | last7=Baez | first7=Mariana | last8=Houben | first8=Andreas | last9=Mayer | first9=Klaus F. X. | last10=Guo | first10=Liangliang | last11=Poland | first11=Jesse | last12=Pozniak | first12=Curtis J. | last13=Walkowiak | first13=Sean | last14=Melonek | first14=Joanna | last15=Praz | first15=Coraline R. | last16=Schreiber | first16=Mona | last17=Budak | first17=Hikmet | last18=Heuberger | first18=Matthias | last19=Steuernagel | first19=Burkhard | last20=Wulff | first20=Brande | last21=Börner | first21=Andreas | last22=Byrns | first22=Brook | last23=Čížková | first23=Jana | last24=Fowler | first24=D. Brian | last25=Fritz | first25=Allan | last26=Himmelbach | first26=Axel | last27=Kaithakottil | first27=Gemy | last28=Keilwagen | first28=Jens | last29=Keller | first29=Beat | last30=Konkin | first30=David | last31=Larsen | first31=Jamie | last32=Li | first32=Qiang | last33=Myśków | first33=Beata | last34=Padmarasu | first34=Sudharsan | last35=Rawat | first35=Nidhi | last36=Sesiz | first36=Uğur | last37=Biyiklioglu-Kaya | first37=Sezgi | last38=Sharpe | first38=Andy | last39=Šimková | first39=Hana | last40=Small | first40=Ian | last41=Swarbreck | first41=David | last42=Toegelová | first42=Helena | last43=Tsvetkova | first43=Natalia | last44=Voylokov | first44=Anatoly V. | last45=Vrána | first45=Jan | last46=Bauer | first46=Eva | last47=Bolibok-Bragoszewska | first47=Hanna | last48=Doležel | first48=Jaroslav | last49=Hall | first49=Anthony | last50=Jia | first50=Jizeng | last51=Korzun | first51=Viktor | last52=Laroche | first52=André | last53=Ma | first53=Xue-Feng | last54=Ordon | first54=Frank | last55=Özkan | first55=Hakan | last56=Rakoczy-Trojanowska | first56=Monika | last57=Scholz | first57=Uwe | last58=Schulman | first58=Alan H. | last59=Siekmann | first59=Dörthe | last60=Stojałowski | first60=Stefan | last61=Tiwari | first61=Vijay K. | last62=Spannagl | first62=Manuel | last63=Stein | first63=Nils | title=Chromosome-scale genome assembly provides insights into rye biology, evolution and agronomic potential | journal=Nature Genetics | publisher=Nature Research | volume=53 | issue=4 | date=2021-03-18 | issn=1061-4036 | doi=10.1038/s41588-021-00807-0 | pages=564–573| pmid=33737754 | pmc=8035072 | hdl=10138/328960 | hdl-access=free }} Phakopsora pachyrhizi on soybean, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici on wheat,{{cite journal | last1=Luo | first1=Ming | last2=Xie | first2=Liqiong | last3=Chakraborty | first3=Soma | last4=Wang | first4=Aihua | last5=Matny | first5=Oadi | last6=Jugovich | first6=Michelle | last7=Kolmer | first7=James A. | last8=Richardson | first8=Terese | last9=Bhatt | first9=Dhara | last10=Hoque | first10=Mohammad | last11=Patpour | first11=Mehran | last12=Sørensen | first12=Chris | last13=Ortiz | first13=Diana | last14=Dodds | first14=Peter | last15=Steuernagel | first15=Burkhard | last16=Wulff | first16=Brande B. H. | last17=Upadhyaya | first17=Narayana M. | last18=Mago | first18=Rohit | last19=Periyannan | first19=Sambasivam | last20=Lagudah | first20=Evans | last21=Freedman | first21=Roger | last22=Lynne Reuber | first22=T. | last23=Steffenson | first23=Brian J. | last24=Ayliffe | first24=Michael | title=A five-transgene cassette confers broad-spectrum resistance to a fungal rust pathogen in wheat | journal=Nature Biotechnology | publisher=Nature Research | volume=39 | issue=5 | date=2021-01-04 | issn=1087-0156 | doi=10.1038/s41587-020-00770-x | pages=561–566| pmid=33398152 | s2cid=230508442 | url=https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03906159/file/A%20five%20transgenne%20cassette%20confers%20broad-spectrum%20resistance.pdf }} and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense on Musa spp.{{cite web | title=Fighting Fusarium wilt to beat the bananapocalypse | website=The Global Plant Council | date=2017-08-07 | url=http://globalplantcouncil.org/beat-the-bananapocalypse/ | access-date=2021-06-05}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite thesis | type=PhD | title=Some features of the structure and function of the genetic elements of bacteriophages | first1=Roger Prester | last1=Freedman | author1-link=Roger Freedman | date=23 October 1969 | publisher=University of Cambridge Laboratory of Molecular Biology | pages=165}} (ISNI [http://isni.org/isni/0000000134837464 0000000134837464]). BLDSC number: D1141/71. Jisc [http://discover.libraryhub.jisc.ac.uk/search?ti=Some%20features%20of%20the%20structure%20and%20function%20of%20the%20genetic%20elements%20of%20bacteriophages&rn=1 text] [http://discover.libraryhub.jisc.ac.uk/search?ti=Some%20features%20of%20the%20structure%20and%20function%20of%20the%20genetic%20elements%20of%20bacteriophages&rn=2 ill.] BL EThOS ID [http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.455951 uk.bl.ethos.455951]
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:* {{cite journal | title=Corrections and Clarifications | journal=Science | publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science | volume=341 | issue=6151 | date=2013-09-12 | issn=0036-8075 | doi=10.1126/science.341.6151.1175-a | pages=1175}}

• {{cite journal | last1=Luo | first1=Ming | last2=Xie | first2=Liqiong | last3=Chakraborty | first3=Soma | last4=Wang | first4=Aihua | last5=Matny | first5=Oadi | last6=Jugovich | first6=Michelle | last7=Kolmer | first7=James A. | last8=Richardson | first8=Terese | last9=Bhatt | first9=Dhara | last10=Hoque | first10=Mohammad | last11=Patpour | first11=Mehran | last12=Sørensen | first12=Chris | last13=Ortiz | first13=Diana | last14=Dodds | first14=Peter | last15=Steuernagel | first15=Burkhard | last16=Wulff | first16=Brande B. H. | last17=Upadhyaya | first17=Narayana M. | last18=Mago | first18=Rohit | last19=Periyannan | first19=Sambasivam | last20=Lagudah | first20=Evans | last21=Freedman | first21=Roger | author21-link=Roger Freedman | last22=Lynne Reuber | first22=T. | last23=Steffenson | first23=Brian J. | last24=Ayliffe | first24=Michael | title=A five-transgene cassette confers broad-spectrum resistance to a fungal rust pathogen in wheat | journal=Nature Biotechnology | publisher=Nature Research | volume=39 | issue=5 | date=2021-01-04 | issn=1087-0156 | doi=10.1038/s41587-020-00770-x | pages=561–566 | pmid=33398152| s2cid=230508442 | url=https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03906159/file/A%20five%20transgenne%20cassette%20confers%20broad-spectrum%20resistance.pdf }} PD ORCID [http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0620-5923 0000-0003-0620-5923] GS [http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=N3w9QUUAAAAJ N3w9QUUAAAAJ] RID [http://researcherid.com/rid/D-1181-2009 D-1181-2009]. RF ISNI [http://isni.org/isni/0000000134837464 0000000134837464].

:* {{cite journal | display-authors=0 | last1=Luo | first1=Ming | last2=Xie | first2=Liqiong | last3=Chakraborty | first3=Soma | last4=Wang | first4=Aihua | last5=Matny | first5=Oadi | last6=Jugovich | first6=Michelle | last7=Kolmer | first7=James A. | last8=Richardson | first8=Terese | last9=Bhatt | first9=Dhara | last10=Hoque | first10=Mohammad | last11=Patpour | first11=Mehran | last12=Sørensen | first12=Chris | last13=Ortiz | first13=Diana | last14=Dodds | first14=Peter | last15=Steuernagel | first15=Burkhard | last16=Wulff | first16=Brande B. H. | last17=Upadhyaya | first17=Narayana M. | last18=Mago | first18=Rohit | last19=Periyannan | first19=Sambasivam | last20=Lagudah | first20=Evans | last21=Freedman | first21=Roger | author21-link=Roger Freedman | last22=Lynne Reuber | first22=T. | last23=Steffenson | first23=Brian J. | last24=Ayliffe | first24=Michael | title=A five-transgene cassette confers broad-spectrum resistance to a fungal rust pathogen in wheat | website=Nature Portfolio Bioengineering Community | date=2020-12-09 | url=http://bioengineeringcommunity.nature.com/posts/a-five-transgene-cassette-confers-broad-spectrum-resistance-to-a-fungal-rust-pathogen-in-wheat | access-date=2021-07-02}} PD ORCID [http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0620-5923 0000-0003-0620-5923] GS [http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=N3w9QUUAAAAJ N3w9QUUAAAAJ] RID [http://researcherid.com/rid/D-1181-2009 D-1181-2009]. RF ISNI [http://isni.org/isni/0000000134837464 0000000134837464].

:* Oadi N. Matny, Mehran Patpour, Ming Luo, Liqiong Xie, Soma Chakraborty, Aihua Wang, James A. Kolmer, Terese Richardson, Dhara Bhatt, Mohammad Hoque, Chris Sorenson, Burkhard Steuernagel, Brande B. H. Wulff, Narayana Upadhyaya, Rohit Mago, Sam Periyannan, Evans Lagudah, Roger Freedman (ISNI [http://isni.org/isni/0000000134837464 0000000134837464]), Lynne Reuber, Brian J. Steffenson, and Michael Ayliffe, A Wheat Multi-Transgene Cassette Provides Stem and Leaf Rust Resistance in the Field. In Plant and Animal Genome XXVIII Conference (January 11-15, 2020). PAG.

• Official website: {{cite web | title=2Blades Foundation Home | website=2Blades Foundation | date=2021-02-08 | url=http://2blades.org/ | access-date=2021-06-05}}

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