International Standard Name Identifier

The FAQ of the isni.org websites states "An ISNI is made up of 16 digits, the last character being a check character."{{cite web|url=http://www.isni.org/content/faq|title=ISNI - FAQ|website=www.isni.org|access-date=19 April 2018|archive-date=18 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418221510/http://www.isni.org/content/faq|url-status=live}} ISNI consists of 15 digits followed by a check character. The check character may be either a decimal digit or the character "X". The check character is calculated using the preceding 15 decimal digits using the ISO/IEC 7064, MOD11-2 algorithm.{{cite web | url=https://support.orcid.org/hc/en-us/articles/360006897674-Structure-of-the-ORCID-Identifier | title=Structure of the ORCID Identifier }}

• MARC: it was proposed to store the ISNI without spaces, e.g.(isni)1234567899999799{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/marc/marbi/2010/2010-06.html|title=Encoding the International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI) in the MARC 21 Bibliographic and Authority Formats|first=Library of Congress Network Development and MARC Standards|last=Office|website=www.loc.gov|access-date=19 April 2018|archive-date=24 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624204735/https://www.loc.gov/marc/marbi/2010/2010-06.html|url-status=live}}
• isni.org URL: no spaces, e.g.
• http://www.isni.org/isni/000000012146438X (old)
• https://isni.org/isni/000000012146438X (current)
• https://isni.org/000000012146438X (alternative)
• viaf.org:
• URL https://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/ISNI%7C000000012146438X
• URL https://viaf.org/processed/ISNI%7C000000012146438X
• the data dumps contain it in form ISNI|000000012146438X

In display it is frequently shown with spaces.

• isni.org{{cite web|url=http://www.isni.org/000000012281955X|title=ISNI 000000012281955X Ai-en-ssu-tan (1879-1955)|website=www.isni.org|access-date=19 April 2018|archive-date=24 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624204554/http://www.isni.org/000000012281955X|url-status=live}}
• viaf.org{{Cite web|url=http://viaf.org/viaf/75121530/|title=75121530|access-date=7 October 2017|archive-date=4 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004182907/http://viaf.org/viaf/75121530/|url-status=live}}

The ISNI allows a single identity (such as an author's pseudonym or the imprint used by a publisher) to be identified using a unique number.{{Cite web |last=Rosenblatt {{!}} |first=Bill |title=What's in a Name? ISNI Can Tell You That |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/content-and-e-books/article/87645-what-s-in-a-name-isni-can-tell-you-that.html |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=PublishersWeekly.com |language=en}} This unique number can then be linked to any of the numerous other identifiers that are used across the media industries to identify names and other forms of identity.

An example of the use of such a number is the identification of a musical performer who is also a writer both of music and of poems. While they might be identified in various databases using numerous private and public identification systems, under the ISNI system, they would have a single linking ISNI record. The many different databases could then exchange data about that particular identity without resorting to messy methods such as comparing text strings. An often quoted example in the English language world is the difficulty faced when identifying 'John Smith' in a database. While there may be many records for 'John Smith', it is not always clear which record refers to the specific 'John Smith' that is required.

If an author has published under several different names or pseudonyms, each such name will receive its own ISNI.

ISNI can be used by libraries and archives when sharing catalogue information; for more precise searching for information online and in databases, and it can aid the management of rights across national borders and in the digital environment.

ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) identifiers consist of a reserved block of ISNI identifiers for scholarly researchers{{cite web |url=https://support.orcid.org/hc/en-us/articles/360006973973-What-is-the-relationship-between-ISNI-and-ORCID- |title=What is the relationship between ISNI and ORCID? |publisher=ORCID |work=About ORCID |access-date=10 February 2020 |archive-date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306020819/https://support.orcid.org/hc/en-us/articles/360006973973-What-is-the-relationship-between-ISNI-and-ORCID- |url-status=live }} and administered by a separate organisation. Individual researchers can create and claim their own ORCID identifier.{{cite web|url=http://isni.org/isni_and_orcid|title=ISNI and ORCID|publisher=ISNI|access-date=29 March 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304210352/http://www.isni.org/isni_and_orcid|archive-date=4 March 2013}} The two organisations coordinate their efforts through projects such as "ODIN" (ORCID and DataCite Interoperability Network).{{Cite web |title=Direct Data Contributors |url=https://isni.org/page/direct-data-contributors |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=ISNI {{!}} |language=en}}

According to ISO the Registration Authority for ISO 27729:2012 is the "ISNI International Agency".{{cite web |url=https://www.iso.org/maintenance_agencies.html |title=Maintenance agencies and registration authorities |publisher=Iso.org |access-date=2018-07-16 |archive-date=24 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624232759/https://www.iso.org/maintenance_agencies.html |url-status=live }} It is located in London (c/o EDItEUR){{cite web |url=https://www.iso.org/organization/660022.html |title=ISNI International Agency - ISNI International Agency |publisher=Iso.org |access-date=2018-07-16 |archive-date=11 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711185539/https://www.iso.org/organization/660022.html |url-status=live }}

It is incorporated under the Companies Act 2006 as a private company limited by guarantee.{{Cite web |url=http://www.isni.org/filedepot_download/134/473 |title=Archived copy |access-date=11 July 2018 |archive-date=11 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711203839/http://www.isni.org/filedepot_download/134/473 |url-status=live }}

The 'International Agency' is commonly known as the ISNI-IA.{{cite web|url=http://isni.org/|title=ISNI|access-date=19 December 2014|archive-date=19 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619174306/http://isni.org/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://isni.org/about|title=About the ISNI International Agency|access-date=19 December 2014|archive-date=24 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024115053/http://www.isni.org/about|url-status=live}}

This UK registered, not-for-profit company has been founded by a consortium of organisations consisting of the Confédération Internationale des Sociétés d'Auteurs et Compositeurs (CISAC), the Conference of European National Librarians (CENL), the International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organisations (IFRRO), the International Performers Database Association (IPDA), the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) and ProQuest. It is managed by directors nominated from these organisations and, in the case of CENL, by representatives of the Bibliothèque nationale de France and the British Library.

A registration agency provides the interface between ISNI applicants and the ISNI Assignment Agency.{{Cite web |date= |title=ISNI Registration Agencies |url=https://isni.org/page/isni-registration-agencies/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=ISNI {{!}} |language=en}}

In 2018, YouTube became an ISNI registry, and announced its intention to begin creating ISNI IDs for the musicians whose videos it features.{{cite web |title=YouTube Adopts ISNI ID for Artists & Songwriters |url=http://www.isni.org/content/youtube-adopts-isni-id-artists-songwriters |publisher=ISNI |access-date=1 June 2018 |archive-date=27 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327170438/http://www.isni.org/content/youtube-adopts-isni-id-artists-songwriters |url-status=live }} ISNI anticipates the number of ISNI IDs "going up by perhaps 3-5 million over the next couple of years" as a result.{{cite web |title=Transcript: YouTube Knows Who You Are |url=http://beyondthebookcast.com/transcripts/youtube-knows-who-you-are/ |publisher=Beyond the Book |access-date=1 June 2018 |date=18 March 2018 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224111427/https://beyondthebookcast.com/transcripts/youtube-knows-who-you-are/ |url-status=live }}

In 2020, Sound Credit, together with ISNI, announced that music industry ISNI registrations were free and automated. The free registration system is part of Sound Credit user profile creation, used by its larger system for music crediting. It includes an automated search to avoid duplicate ISNIs and a certificate generated by the Sound Credit registration system to officiate newly registered ISNIs.{{cite web |title=Music Industry ISNI Registrations Now Free and Automated |url=https://isni.org/page/article-detail/music-industry-isni-registrations-now-free-and-automated/ |publisher=ISNI |access-date=27 November 2020 |date=23 October 2020 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129170855/https://isni.org/page/article-detail/music-industry-isni-registrations-now-free-and-automated/ |url-status=live }}

In 2024, WIPO became an ISNI Registration Agency, enabling its network of Collective Management Organizations around the world to assign ISNI IDs to creators. Through this integration, WIPO aims to facilitate the assignment of unique identifiers to a broad range of creators, including musicians, writers, and other artistic professionals. This move was set to enhance the discoverability and attribution of creative works on a global scale.{{Cite web |title=WIPO Partners with ISNI to Assign Standards Identifying Creators |url=https://www.wipo.int/en/web/copyright/w/news/2024/wipo-partners-with-isni-to-assign-standards-identifying-creators |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=copyright |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date= |title=ISNI Press Release, November 2024: WIPO Joins ISNI as a New Registration Agency, Expanding the Reach of Global Identification Standards |url=https://isni.org/page/article-detail/isni-press-release-november-2024-wipo-joins-isni-as-a-new-registration-agency/ |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=ISNI {{!}} |language=en}}{{Cite web |date= |title=WIPO joins forces with ISNI as a new registration agency |url=https://ifrro.org/page/article-detail/wipo-joins-forces-with-isni-as-a-new-registration-agency/?k=e202411191442410727 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=ifrro |language=en}}

ISNI members (ISNI-IA Members{{Cite web |date= |title=ISNI Members |url=https://isni.org/page/isni-members/ |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=ISNI {{!}} |language=en}}) {{as of|2025|lc=y}}-01-18:

• ABES (French Bibliographic Agency for Higher Education)
• Apple
• BookNet Canada
• Brill Publishers
• CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos)
• FCCN
• French National Archives (Archives nationales de France)
• Harvard University
• Hogeschool van Amsterdam
• Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen
• Irish Copyright Licensing Agency (ICLA)
• ISSN International Centre
• Library of Congress
• Maastricht University
• Meta4Books
• National Library of New Zealand
• National Library of Sweden (Kungliga Biblioteket)
• Netherlands Institute for Sound & Vision
• Publisher's Licensing Services
• Radboud Universiteit
• Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
• Scribd
• Spotify
• Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
• Universiteit Leiden
• Universiteit van Amsterdam
• University of Twente
• University of Utrecht
• Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
• Wageningen University & Research

A subset of the data is available under CC0.{{cite web | url=https://isni.org/page/linked-data/ | title=Linked Data }}

ISNI-IA uses an assignment system comprising a user interface, data-schema, disambiguation algorithms, and database that meets the requirements of the ISO standard, while also using existing technology where possible. The system is based primarily on the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) service, which has been developed by OCLC for use in the aggregation of library catalogues.

Access to the assignment system and database, and to the numbers that are generated as the output of the process, are controlled by independent bodies known as 'registration agencies'. These registration agencies deal directly with customers, ensuring that data is provided in appropriate formats and recompensing the ISNI-IA for the cost of maintaining the assignment system. Registration agencies are appointed by ISNI-IA but will be managed and funded independently.

The following table lists ISNI coverage counts, for millions of identities of all types, millions of people, millions of researchers (also included in people), and organisations.{{cite web|url=http://www.isni.org|title=ISNI|website=www.isni.org|access-date=19 April 2018|archive-date=17 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217141417/http://isni.org/|url-status=live}}

• Authority control
• Digital Author Identification (DAI)
• Digital object identifier (DOI)
• GRID
• International Standard Text Code (ISTC)
• ResearcherID
• Ringgold identifier

{{Reflist}}

• Karen Smith-Yoshimura, Janifer Gatenby, Grace Agnew, Christopher Brown, Kate Byrne, Matt Carruthers, Peter Fletcher, Stephen Hearn, Xiaoli Li, Marina Muilwijk, Chew Chiat Naun, John Riemer, Roderick Sadler, Jing Wang, Glen Wiley, and Kayla Willey. 2016. "Addressing the Challenges with Organizational Identifiers and ISNI." Dublin, Ohio: OCLC Research.

{{Wikidata property|1=P213}}

{{International numbering standards}}

{{ISO standards}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}

Category:ISO standards

Category:Unique identifiers

Category:Library cataloging and classification