Adnan Kapau Gani

A.K. Gani was born in Palembayan, West Sumatra, west of Bukittinggi, on 16 September 1905.{{sfn|The Jakarta Post 2007, Four forgotten independence}}{{sfn|JCG, Adnan Kapau Gani}} The son of a teacher, he finished his early studies in Bukittinggi in 1923 before going to Batavia (modern-day Jakarta), first for his secondary studies and then to study medicine.{{sfn|JCG, Adnan Kapau Gani}}{{sfn|KR 1947, Kabinet Sjarifoeddin}} He graduated from STOVIA ({{langx|nl|School tot Opleiding van Indische Artsen}}), a school for prospective doctors, in 1926.{{sfn|KR 1947, Kabinet Sjarifoeddin}}

Gani has been active in politics and social organisations since his teenage years. He was a member of several groups for native youth, including Jong Java and Jong Sumatera.{{sfn|JCG, Adnan Kapau Gani}} By the late 1920s, he had several enterprises running, including a boarding house and book reseller. This revenue enabled him to donate funds to the Youth Congress of 1928, where the Youth Pledge was first read and "Indonesia Raya" (the national anthem of Indonesia) was first played; Gani also attended this conference.{{sfn|The Jakarta Post 2007, Four forgotten independence}}{{sfn|JCG, Adnan Kapau Gani}}{{sfn|Mufid 2012, Menyelundup untuk Kemakmuran Republik}} In 1931 he joined Partindo, which had split off from the Indonesian National Party ({{lang|id|Partai Nasional Indonesia}}, or PNI) shortly after Sukarno's arrest by the colonial government. Gani became acquainted with Sukarno after the latter's release from prison the following year and joined the Indonesian Political Federation with him.{{sfn|Mufid 2012, Menyelundup untuk Kemakmuran Republik}}{{sfn|KR 1947, Kabinet Sjarifoeddin}}

Long interested in theatre,{{sfn|Mufid 2012, Menyelundup untuk Kemakmuran Republik}} in 1941 Gani starred in Union Film's Asmara Moerni after being invited by the film's director, Rd. Ariffien. At the time the country's film industry was beginning to cater to well-educated audiences. Although some of the audience considered Gani's involvement in Asmara Moerni as besmirching the independence movement, Gani considered it necessary to improve how the people viewed local productions. The film, the only one Gani ever made, was a commercial success.{{sfn|Biran|2009|pp=262–263}} That year Gani received his medical degree.{{sfn|KR 1947, Kabinet Sjarifoeddin}}

After the Japanese occupied the Indies in 1942, Gani refused to collaborate. As such, he was arrested in September 1943 and held until October of the following year. He spent the rest of the occupation as a private practitioner.{{sfn|KR 1947, Kabinet Sjarifoeddin}}

After the country's independence and during the ensuing revolution, Gani gained greater political power while also serving in the military. From 1945 to 1947 he was the commissioner for the PNI in South Sumatra, also serving on the party's board. He also coordinated military efforts in the province.{{sfn|JCG, Adnan Kapau Gani}}{{sfn|Hägerdal|2009|p=156}} He considered Palembang a viable economic powerhouse for the newly independent nation, arguing that with oil they could gather international support. He negotiated sales with international interests, including the Dutch-owned Shell while smuggling weapons and military supplies past the Dutch blockade.{{sfn|Mufid 2012, Menyelundup untuk Kemakmuran Republik}} He had numerous connections in the Chinese community in Singapore, which assisted him in these tasks.{{sfn|Yong|2003|p=3}}

File:AK Gani KR 3 October 1946 p2.jpg

From 2 October 1946 until 27 June 1947 Gani served as Minister of Welfare under Sutan Sjahrir in the prime minister's third cabinet;{{sfn|Suprapto|1985|p=51}} Syahrir later remarked that he felt as if Gani had been imposed upon him by Sukarno, who was by then president.{{sfn|Mrázek|1994|p=364}} While serving as minister of welfare Gani, with Syahrir and Mohammad Roem, served as the Indonesian delegation to the third plenary session for the Linggarjati Agreement, becoming a signatory on 25 March 1947;{{sfn|Suprapto|1985|pp=54–55}} the Dutch considered him undiplomatic and prone to showing his emotions.{{sfn|Mufid 2012, Menyelundup untuk Kemakmuran Republik}} He also worked to establish a national banking network, the BTC, as well as several trade organisations.{{sfn|Mufid 2012, Menyelundup untuk Kemakmuran Republik}}{{sfn|Yong|2003|pp=49–50}} Gani was also elected as chairman of the Indonesian National Party in the March 1947 PNI congress, but due to the political situation, he was replaced by Sujono Hadinoto in November 1947.{{cite book |title=Kepartaian di Indonesia |date=1950 |publisher=Kementerian Penerangan Rep. Indonesia |page=76 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1go0AAAAIAAJ |language=id}}

With Amir Sjarifuddin and Setyadjit Soegondo, Gani was a formateur for the new cabinet, which received its mandate on 3 July.{{sfn|Suprapto|1985|p=62}} He stayed on as Minister of Welfare while also serving as a deputy prime minister under Sjarifuddin.{{sfn|Suprapto|1985|p=63}} Gani was the first cabinet member arrested during Operation Product, a Dutch assault on Indonesian-held territory in mid-July, but was later released.{{sfn|JCG, Adnan Kapau Gani}} He also attended a trade conference in Havana, Cuba.{{sfn|Yong|2003|p=78}} In Sjarifuddin's second cabinet, Gani continued to serve as a deputy prime minister and minister of welfare{{sfn|Suprapto|1985|p=71}} until the cabinet collapsed on 29 January 1948 owing to dissatisfaction with the Renville Agreement.{{sfn|Suprapto|1985|p=77}}

{{Clear}}

After the revolution ended in 1949, Gani became the Military Governor of South Sumatra. In 1954, while still involved in politics as minister of transportation in the First Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet, he became the Chairman of the Council of Curators at Palembang State University (now Sriwijaya University); he remained active in Palembang until his death on 23 December 1968. {{sfn|Suprapto|1985|p=161}}

Dr. A.K. Gani died at Charitas Palembang Hospital on December 23rd ,1968 at the age of 63 years and his body was buried in the Ksatria Ksetra Siguntang Heroes Cemetery, Palembang. Gani left behind a wife, Masturah, and had no children until the end of his life.{{sfn|JCG, Adnan Kapau Gani}}

To commemorate his services, on November 9, 2007 President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono awarded the title National Hero of Indonesia to Adnan Kapau Gani. He received this title together with Slamet Rijadi, Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung, and Moestopo based on Presidential Decree Number 066/TK/2007.{{sfn|The Jakarta Post 2007, Four forgotten independence}}{{sfn|Suara Merdeka 2007, Presiden Anugerahkan Gelar}} Apart from that, his name is also immortalized as the name of a hospital in Palembang, namely Dr. A.K. Gani and the names of roads in several cities in Indonesia. There is also the Dr. Museum. A.K. Gani which is located in Palembang City.

Adnan Kapau Gani was also awarded various honors. These honors include:

• "Guerrilla Star" 24 carat gold and the title of "Grand Guerrilla Leader" from the South Sumatra People's Representative Council.
• Certificate of Appreciation from the Chief of Army Staff.
• Honorary title of Veteran "Independence Fighter of the Republic of Indonesia" class "A" with 4 years and 4 months of service, NPV. 6,001,620.
• Award certificate and Struggle Medal for Class 45 from the General Chair of the National Daily Council.
• 70px Star of Mahaputera, 2nd Class ({{langx|id|Bintang Mahaputera Adipradana}}) (7 August 1995)
• 70px Star of Guerilla ({{langx|id|Bintang Gerilya}}) (17 Agustus 1955)
• 70px Satyalancana Military Operation Movement I ({{langx|id|Satyalancana Gerakan Operasi Militer I}})
• 70px Satyalancana Military Operation Movement II ({{langx|id|Satyalancana Gerakan Operasi Militer II}})

A.K. Gani, Amir Sjarifudin, Urip Sumohardjo, and Mohamad Isa at the mass meeting in Grand Mosque of Palembang.jpg|Dr. A.K. Gani, Amir Syarifuddin, Urip Sumohardjo, and Mohammad Isa at a meeting at the Palembang Grand Mosque

A.K Gani Sedang memeriksa naskah perjanjian linggarjati.jpg|Dr. A.K Gani and representatives from Indonesia examining the Linggarjati Agreement in Jakarta, on November 15th ,1946

NL-HaNA 2.24.01.09 0 902-4525-groot.jpg|Dr. A.K. Gani, Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Indonesia, during his stop at Schiphol, took a photo with fellow delegation members

Asmara Moerni Pardi.jpg|Dr. A.K. Gani when starring in the film Asmara Moerni

Footnotes

{{Reflist}}

Bibliography

{{Refbegin|colwidth=30em}}

• {{cite news

|url = http://www.jakarta.go.id/jakv1/encyclopedia/detail/50

|language = Indonesian

|title = Adnan Kapau Gani

|work = Encyclopedia of Jakarta

|publisher = Jakarta City Government

|access-date = 29 July 2012

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120725003530/http://www.jakarta.go.id/jakv1/encyclopedia/detail/50

|archive-date = 25 July 2012

|ref = {{SfnRef|JCG, Adnan Kapau Gani}}

|url-status = dead

}}

• {{cite book

|title=Sejarah Film 1900–1950: Bikin Film di Jawa

|trans-title=History of Film 1900–1950: Making Films in Java

|language=Indonesian

|location=Jakarta

|last=Biran

|first=Misbach Yusa

|author-link=Misbach Yusa Biran

|publisher=Komunitas Bamboo working with the Jakarta Art Council

|year=2009

|isbn=978-979-3731-58-2

}}

• {{cite news

|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2007/11/10/four-forgotten-independence-heroes-get-official-recognition.html

|date=11 November 2007

|title=Four forgotten independence heroes get official recognition

|work=The Jakarta Post

|access-date=17 March 2011

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620224213/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2007/11/10/four-forgotten-independence-heroes-get-official-recognition.html

|archive-date=20 June 2015

|ref={{SfnRef|The Jakarta Post 2007, Four forgotten independence}}

|url-status=dead

}}

• {{cite book

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Onr3-thtL2MC

|title=Responding to the West: Essays on Colonial Domination and Asian Agency

|isbn=978-90-8964-093-2

|last1=Hägerdal

|first1=Hans

|year=2009

|series=ICAS publication series

|volume=5

|publisher= Amsterdam University Press

|location=Amsterdam

}}

• {{cite book

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vzwAExNhpRQC

|title=Sjahrir: Politics and Exile in Indonesia

|isbn=978-0-87727-713-2

|last1=Mrázek

|first1=Rudolf

|year=1994

|location=Ithaca

|series=Studies on Southeast Asia

|publisher=Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University

}}

• {{cite news

|date=4 July 1947

|title=Kabinet Sjarifoeddin

|trans-title=Sjarifoedin's Cabinet

|work=Kedaulatan Rakjat

|page=2

|ref={{SfnRef|KR 1947, Kabinet Sjarifoeddin}}

}}

• {{cite news

|last=Mufid

|first=Fauzani

|url=http://www.prioritasnews.com/2012/02/20/menyelundup-untuk-kemakmuran-republik/

|date=23 July 2012

|title=Menyelundup untuk Kemakmuran Republik

|trans-title=Smuggling for the Good of the Republic

|language=Indonesian

|work=Prioritas

|access-date=29 July 2012

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427072707/http://www.prioritasnews.com/2012/02/20/menyelundup-untuk-kemakmuran-republik/

|archive-date=27 April 2012

|ref={{SfnRef|Mufid 2012, Menyelundup untuk Kemakmuran Republik}}

|url-status=dead

}}

• {{cite news

|url=http://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0711/10/nas09.htm

|date=10 November 2007

|title=Presiden Anugerahkan Gelar Pahlawan Nasional

|trans-title=President Awards National Hero Titles

|language=Indonesian

|work=Suara Merdeka

|access-date=17 March 2011

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005065752/http://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0711/10/nas09.htm

|archive-date=5 October 2013

|ref={{SfnRef|Suara Merdeka 2007, Presiden Anugerahkan Gelar}}

|url-status=live

}}

• {{cite book

|title=Perkembangan Kabinet dan Pemerintahan Indonesia

|trans-title=Development of Indonesian Cabinets and Government

|language=Indonesian

|last=Suprapto

|first=Bibit

|location=Jakarta

|publisher=Ghalia

|year=1985

|oclc=13555282

}}

• {{cite book

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jps1lNonGyUC

|title=The Indonesian Revolution and the Singapore Connection, 1945–1949

|isbn=978-9971-69-276-6

|last=Yong

|first=Mun Cheong

|year=2003

|location=Singapore

|publisher=Singapore University Press

}}

{{Refend}}

{{Members of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence}}

{{National Heroes of Indonesia}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gani, Adnan Kapau}}

Category:1905 births

Category:1968 deaths

Category:Governors of South Sumatra

Category:Academic staff of Sriwijaya University

Category:BPUPK

Category:Deputy prime ministers of Indonesia

Category:Government ministers of Indonesia

Category:Indonesian Muslims

Category:Indonesian National Party politicians

Category:Indonesian revolutionaries

Category:Members of the Central Advisory Council

Category:Minangkabau people

Category:National Heroes of Indonesia

Category:People from Agam Regency

Category:STOVIA alumni

Category:Transport ministers of Indonesia