Al Buraimi Governorate

Al Buraimi has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification: BWh). Daily high temperatures average over 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) from May through September.

{{Weather box

|width = auto

|location = Buraimi (1986-2009)

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan high C = 23.6

|Feb high C = 26.2

|Mar high C = 30.3

|Apr high C = 36.2

|May high C = 41.5

|Jun high C = 43.7

|Jul high C = 43.9

|Aug high C = 43.7

|Sep high C = 41.0

|Oct high C = 36.9

|Nov high C = 31.0

|Dec high C = 26.0

|Jan mean C = 17.5

|Feb mean C = 19.9

|Mar mean C = 23.4

|Apr mean C = 28.4

|May mean C = 33.1

|Jun mean C = 35.5

|Jul mean C = 36.9

|Aug mean C = 36.9

|Sep mean C = 34.0

|Oct mean C = 29.7

|Nov mean C = 24.1

|Dec mean C = 19.7

|Jan low C = 11.4

|Feb low C = 13.6

|Mar low C = 16.5

|Apr low C = 20.6

|May low C = 24.6

|Jun low C = 27.3

|Jul low C = 29.8

|Aug low C = 30.1

|Sep low C = 27.0

|Oct low C = 22.4

|Nov low C = 17.2

|Dec low C = 13.4

|Year low C =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 20.4

|Feb precipitation mm = 15.2

|Mar precipitation mm = 15.7

|Apr precipitation mm = 6.2

|May precipitation mm = 4.1

|Jun precipitation mm = 2.4

|Jul precipitation mm = 11.7

|Aug precipitation mm = 2.7

|Sep precipitation mm = 2.0

|Oct precipitation mm = 0.3

|Nov precipitation mm = 0.0

|Dec precipitation mm = 14.2

|source 1 = World Meteorological Organization (temperature and rainfall 1986–2009){{Cite web |url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1395 |title= Climatological Information - Buraimi |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |access-date= 28 March 2016 }}

| date= March 2016 }}

{{Historical populations

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|source = Citypopulation{{cite web |title=Oman: Governorates |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/oman/cities/ |website=www.citypopulation.de |language=en}}

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|1993 |56,618

|2003 |76,838

|2010 |72,917

|2020 |121,802

}}

As of 2020, Al Buraimi Governorate had a population of 121,802, more than doubling in size since 1993. It is the third-least-populous of Oman's 11 governorates, after Musandam and Al Wusta. The city of Al-Buraimi, with 92,223 inhabitants, comprises the vast majority of the governorate's population.

{{clear}}

Transportation in and around Al-Buraimi mainly occurs using private cars and taxis. Buraimi also lies on a bus route from Dubai to Muscat.{{cite news |last=Tesorero |first=Angel |title=Dubai-Muscat bus trip to be linked to 3 Metro stations |newspaper=Khaleej Times |location=Dubai |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/news/transport/Dubai-Muscat-bus-trip-to-be-linked-to-3-Metro-stations |date=2019-01-29 |access-date=2019-01-30}}

Al-Buraimi, like the rest of Oman, features many historic forts in varying condition. The largest mosque in Al-Buraimi is the Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque, named after the former Sultan, Qaboos bin Said al Said.{{citation |last=Jordan |first=Benjamin R. |title=Geotrekking in Southeastern Arabia: A Guide to Locations of World-Class Geology |publisher=American Geophysical Union, Wiley |chapter=Route 4: Jebel Huwayya (Fossil Valley), Oman |pages=38–40 |isbn=978-1-1186-7128-3 |location=Washington, D.C., the U.S.A. |doi=10.1029/SP065 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LQToK4NBHLkC |date=2013-05-09 |access-date=2024-03-08}}{{cite web |website=Sultan Qaboos |title=جوامع السلطان قابوس |language=ar |url=https://sultanqaboos.net/achievements/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3/ |access-date=2024-03-08}} There are ruins of ancient hovels and a fort in Al-Buraimi.{{cite news |last=Aymerich |first=Olga |title=Oman Tourism: Exploring Buraimi |newspaper=The Times of Oman |url=https://timesofoman.com/article/394-oman-tourism-exploring-buraimi |date=2016-01-06 |access-date=2019-01-20}}{{cite web |website=Arab Travelers |title=Top 8 places of tourism in Buraimi, Sultanate of Oman |url=https://en.arabtravelers.com/top-8-places-of-tourism-in-buraimi-sultanate-of-oman/ |access-date=2024-03-07}}{{cite web |website=Destination Oman |title=Al Buraimi |url=https://www.destinationoman.com/al-buraimi/24 |access-date=2024-03-07}}

File:Mezyad Fort.jpg|Jebel Hafeet, which the governorate shares with the U.A.E., as viewed from Mezyad Fort in the adjacent Emirati city of Al Ain

File:جامع السلطان قابوس في البريمي.jpg|The Grand Mosque

{{see also|List of oldest continuously inhabited cities}}

Being in the region of the Western Hajar,{{cite encyclopedia |year=2007 |title=Buraimi and Al-Ain |encyclopedia=Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia |publisher=ABC-CLIO |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&q=buraimi+al-ain |last=Abu-Lughod |first=Janet L. |editor-last=Dumper |editor-first=Michael R. T. |pages=99–100 |isbn=978-1-5760-7919-5 |editor-last2=Stanley |editor-first2=Bruce E.}}{{cite book |last=Allen |first=Calvin H. Jr. |title=Oman: the Modernization of the Sultanate |publisher=Routledge |chapter=1: Land and People |pages=1–8 |isbn=978-1-3172-9164-0 |location=Abingdon, New York |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tlmFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |date=2016-02-05}} the area of Al-Buraimi and Al-Ain, traditionally referred to as 'Tawam', is of historical and cultural importance.{{Cite news |last=Salama |first=Samir |title=Al Ain bears evidence of a culture's ability to adapt |work=Gulf News |url=https://gulfnews.com/news/uae/culture/al-ain-bears-evidence-of-a-culture-s-ability-to-adapt-1.958876 |date=2011-12-30 |access-date=2018-08-07}}{{cite news |last=Leech |first=Nick |title=The long read: has a lost Arab capital been found on the Oman-UAE border? |newspaper=The National |url=https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/the-long-read-has-a-lost-arab-capital-been-found-on-the-oman-uae-border-1.4941 |date=2015-10-22 |access-date=2019-01-20}} It is demonstrated to have been inhabited as far back as the Hafit period of the early Bronze Age,{{Cite book |last1=Potts |first1=Daniel T. |last2=Nābūdah |first2=Ḥasan Muḥammad |last3=Hellyer |first3=Peter |title=Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates |publisher=Trident Press |pages=174–177 |location=London |oclc=54405078 |isbn=1-9007-2488-X |year=2003}} and according to one author, an oasis in this region and Al-Hasa in Saudi Arabia are the most important in the Arabian Peninsula.{{cite book |last1=Cavendish |first1=Marshall |author-link=Marshall Cavendish |title=World and Its Peoples |volume=1 |chapter=Geography and climate |publisher=Cavendish Square Publishing |isbn=978-0-7614-7571-2 |pages=8–19 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j894miuOqc4C&q=the+most+important+oases+al-hasa+al+ayn |year=2007}}

Al-Buraimi was part of Oman from early historical times. From around 600 CE, the Azdi tribes of Oman occupied the area. Then Al-Buraimi town was abandoned in the 700s. The area witnessed events relevant to the history of Islam during the Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid eras.{{cite book |last1=Abed |first1=Ibrahim |last2=Hellyer |first2=Peter |title=The United Arab Emirates, A New Perspective |location=London |publisher=Trident Press Ltd. |year=2001 |pages=60–86 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QcMz3zV0qAMC&q=dibba+tuwwam |isbn=978-1-900724-47-0}} The area had come under the rule of the Wajihid Dynasty in the 9th century CE. Al Nuaimi tribe, the original people of the town, rebuilt and ruled it in the 1800s to the 1950s. It had only two rulers, Sheikh Sulṭan bin Mohamed bin Ali Al-Hamood Al Qurtasi Al Naimi, then Sheikh Saqer bin Sulṭan bin Moḥammed Al Hamood Al Qurtasi Al Naimi. The late president of the United Arab Emirates, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, was known to have been brought from Abu Dhabi to Al-Ain by his mother, Shaikhah Salaamah, following the assassination of his father Sultan bin Zayed in 1927.{{cite journal |last=Killgore |first=Andrew I. |title=Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1918–2004) |journal=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs |page=41 |url=http://www.wrmea.org/wrmea-archives/272-washington-report-archives-2000-2005/march-2005/8590-in-memoriam-sheikh-zayed-bin-sultan-al-nahyan-1918-2004.html |date=March 2005 |access-date=18 April 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205164804/http://www.na.ae/en/Images/LIWA12.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2017}} Zayed was raised in a fortified house in the Muwaiji district of Al-Ain. Since 1761, Abu Dhabi was ruled by sheikhs of Al Abu Falah dynasty.[http://www.enhg.org/resources/articles/rulers/rulers.htm Rulers of the United Arab Emirates]

{{Main|Buraimi dispute}}

The community of Al-Buraimi is probably best known as the result of an incident known as the "Buraimi Dispute."[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1985/MJB.htm "The Jebel Akhdar War Oman 1954-1959"] by Major John B. Meagher (USMC) Global Security Report The dispute arose from Saudi Arabia's claim, first made in 1949, of sovereignty over a large part of Abu Dhabi territory where oil was suspected to be present and an area in a {{convert|20|mile|km}} circle around the centre of the Buraimi Oasis. The Saudis relied on historical precedent (the oasis was under Wahhabi influence in the period between 1800 and 1870) for their claims, which were countered by arguments from Abu Dhabi and Muscat based on more recent events.

The argument led to the 1950 London Agreement, whereby exploration and troop movements in the area would continue until the issue of sovereignty was resolved. Despite ongoing negotiations, the Saudis attempted to take back the oasis.{{Cite book|title=The Trucial States|last=Donald.|first=Hawley|date=1970|publisher=Allen & Unwin|isbn=0-04-953005-4|location=London|oclc=152680}} P 188 In 1952 a group of some 80 Saudi Arabian guards, 40 of whom were armed, led by the Saudi Emir of Ras Tanura, Turki Abdullah Al Otaishan, crossed Abu Dhabi territory and occupied Hamasa, one of three Omani villages in the oasis, claiming it as part of the eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The Sulṭan of Muscat and Imam of Oman gathered his forces to expel the Saudis but was persuaded by the British government to exercise restraint pending attempts to settle the dispute by arbitration.{{cite book|url=http://www.ibtauris.com/Books/Humanities/History/History%20earliest%20times%20to%20present%20day/20th%20century%20history%20c%201900%20%20to%20c%202000/Postwar%2020th%20century%20history%20from%20c%201945%20to%20c%202000/Buraimi%20The%20Struggle%20for%20Power%20Influence%20and%20Oil%20in%20Arabia.aspx|title=Buraimi: The Struggle for Power, Influence and Oil in Arabia|last=Morton|first=Michael Quentin|publisher=IB Tauris|year=2013|isbn=978-1-84885-818-3|location=London|page=304}}

A standstill agreement was implemented and, on 30 July 1954, it was agreed to refer the dispute to an international arbitration tribunal.[http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/5/35/00009703.pdf UN] Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia embarked on a campaign of bribery to obtain declarations of tribal loyalty on which its case was based. In 1955 arbitration proceedings began in Geneva only to collapse when the British arbitrator, Sir Reader Bullard, withdrew. A few weeks later, the Saudi party was forcibly ejected from Hamasa by the Trucial Oman Levies, a paramilitary group raised by the British. Together with a few refugee sheikhs and their families, the Saudis were taken to Sharjah and dispatched to Saudi Arabia by sea. The dispute was finally settled in 1974 by an agreement, known as the Treaty of Jeddah, between Sheikh Zayed (then President of the UAE) and King Faisal of Saudi Arabia.

• Eastern Arabia
• Al Qabil, village in Al Buraimi Governorate
• Archaeological Sites of Bat, Al-Khutm and Al-Ayn
• Jebel Ghawil
• University of Buraimi

{{reflist}}

• [http://www.enhg.org/bulletin/b29/29_02.htm Bulletin]
• [https://omantourism.today/al-buraimi/ Al Buraimi]
• [https://www.adequatetravel.com/placeguide/Oman/al-buraymi-west-mosque-in-oman-history-architecture-visiting-hours-travel-information Al Buraymi West Mosque In Oman: Brief History, Architecture, Visiting Hours, & Travel Information]
• [https://www.wildtrips.net/visit/Al-Buraimi-Oman-top-10-attractions-to-visit.htm Top 10 attractions to visit in Al Buraimi and around]

{{Geographic location

|Centre = Al Buraimi Governorate

|North = {{flagicon|UAE}} Ras al-Khaimah

|Northeast =

|East = Al Batinah Region

|Southeast =

|South = Ad Dhahirah

|Southwest =

|West = {{flagicon|UAE}} Abu Dhabi

|Northwest = {{flagicon|UAE}} Sharjah

}}

{{Oman subdivisions}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Oases of Oman

Category:Oman–United Arab Emirates border crossings

Category:States and territories established in 2006

Category:Governorates of Oman