Appleby (UK Parliament constituency)

The parliamentary borough of Appleby consisted of the town of Appleby, the county town of Westmorland, and was consistently represented in the House of Commons from the Model Parliament of 1295 until the Reform Act 1832.{{cite web| url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/constituencies/appleby

| title= Appleby | publisher= History of Parliament Online (1386–1421)| access-date = 27 March 2019 }}{{cite web| url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/research/constituencies/constituencies-1422-1504 | title= Appleby | publisher= History of Parliament Online (1422–1504)| access-date = 27 March 2019 }} (currently unavailable){{cite web| url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/constituencies/appleby

| title= Appleby| publisher= History of Parliament Online (1509–1558)| access-date = 27 March 2019 }}{{cite web| url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/constituencies/appleby

| title=Appleby | publisher= History of Parliament Online (1558–1603)| access-date = 27 March 2019 }}{{cite web| url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/constituencies/appleby

| title=Appleby | publisher= History of Parliament Online (1604–1629)| access-date = 27 March 2019}}{{cite web |title=Appleby |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/research/constituencies/constituencies-1640-1660 |access-date=27 March 2019 |publisher=History of Parliament Online (1640–1660)}} (currently unavailable){{cite web| url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/constituencies/appleby

| title= Appleby| publisher= History of Parliament Online (1660–1690)| access-date = 27 March 2019 }}{{cite web| url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1690-1715/constituencies/appleby

| title=Appleby| publisher= History of Parliament Online (1690–1715)| access-date = 27 March 2019 }}{{cite web| url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1715-1754/constituencies/appleby

| title= Appleby| publisher= History of Parliament Online (1715–1754)| access-date = 27 March 2019 }}{{cite web| url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1754-1790/constituencies/appleby

| title= Appleby| publisher= History of Parliament Online (1754–1790)| access-date = 27 March 2019 }}{{cite web| url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/constituencies/appleby

| title= Appleby| publisher= History of Parliament Online (1790–1820)| access-date = 27 March 2019 }}{{cite web| url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/constituencies/appleby

| title= Appleby| publisher= History of Parliament Online (1820–1832)| access-date = 27 March 2019 }}

The right to vote rested with the occupiers of around a hundred burgage tenements. By the 18th century, the majority of the burgages were owned by the Lowther and Tufton families, which enabled them to put in reliable tenants at election time and ensure their complete control of who was elected. The seats were frequently kept for members of those families, but Appleby's other representatives included William Pitt the Younger, who was MP for Appleby when he became prime minister in 1783 (although he stood down at the following general election when he was instead elected for Cambridge University).

A later member for Appleby was Viscount Howick, subsequently (as Earl Grey) the Prime Minister whose administration passed the Great Reform Act 1832; but Grey's history as a former MP for the town did not save it from losing both its members under the act. Appleby was regarded as a classic example of a pocket borough, completely in the control of its owners who were also the major local landowners, and with a population of only 1,233 at the 1831 census unlikely to be freed from their influence even by widening the franchise. Nevertheless, as the only county town to be disfranchised, Appleby was one of the more controversial cases in the debates on the reform bill, the opposition making unsuccessful attempts to amend the bill so as to save at least one of its MPs.

After abolition the borough was absorbed into the Westmorland county constituency.

The Appleby constituency created for the 1885 election was, in full, "The Appleby or Northern Division of Westmorland", and was sometimes referred to as Westmorland North. It consisted of the whole of the northern half of the county, including the towns of Ambleside, Grasmere and Kirkby Stephen. It was abolished at the 1918 general election, the whole county henceforth being united in a single Westmorland constituency.

{{Incomplete list|date=August 2008}}

{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

{{Election box begin| title=General election 1885: ApplebyBritish Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918, FWS CraigThe Liberal Year Book, 1907Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886

}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|

|party =Conservative Party (UK)

|candidate =William Lowther

|votes =2,694

|percentage = 50.1

|change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|

|party =Liberal Party (UK)

|candidate =James Whitehead

|votes =2,684

|percentage = 49.9

|change =

}}

{{Election box majority|

|votes =10

|percentage = 0.2

|change =

}}

{{Election box turnout|

|votes = 5,378

|percentage = 89.3

|change =

}}

{{Election box registered electors|

|reg. electors = 6,022

}}

{{Election box new seat win|

|winner = Conservative Party (UK)

}}

{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin| title=General election 1886: Appleby

}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|

|party = Conservative Party (UK)

|candidate = William Lowther

|votes = 2,748

|percentage = 51.8

|change = +1.7

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|

|party =Liberal Party (UK)

|candidate =James Whitehead

|votes =2,562

|percentage = 48.2

|change = −1.7

}}

{{Election box majority|

|votes =186

|percentage = 3.6

|change = +3.4

}}

{{Election box turnout|

|votes = 5,310

|percentage =88.2

|change = −1.1

}}

{{Election box registered electors|

|reg. electors = 6,022

}}

{{Election box hold with party link|

|winner =Conservative Party (UK)

|swing = +1.7

}}

{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin| title=General election 1892: Appleby

}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|

|party = Conservative Party (UK)

|candidate = Joseph Savory

|votes =2,963

|percentage = 56.8

|change = +5.0

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|

|party =Liberal Party (UK)

|candidate =Alfred Charles Tufton

|votes =2,256

|percentage =43.2

|change =−5.0

}}

{{Election box majority|

|votes =707

|percentage =13.6

|change =+10.0

}}

{{Election box turnout|

|votes =5,219

|percentage =80.5

|change =−7.7

}}

{{Election box registered electors|

|reg. electors = 6,481

}}

{{Election box hold with party link|

|winner =Conservative Party (UK)

|swing = +5.0

}}

{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin| title=General election 1895: ApplebyDebrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901

}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|

|party =Conservative Party (UK)

|candidate =Joseph Savory

|votes =2,950

|percentage = 58.7

|change = +1.9

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Liberal Party (UK)|candidate=Theodore Wilfrid Fry|votes=2,077|percentage=41.3|change=−1.9}}

{{Election box majority||votes=873|percentage=17.4|change=+3.8}}

{{Election box turnout||votes=5,027|percentage=79.6|change=−0.9}}

{{Election box registered electors|

|reg. electors = 6,316

}}

{{Election box hold with party link|

|winner = Conservative Party (UK)

|swing = +1.9

}}

{{Election box end}}

File:Richard Rigg.jpg

{{Election box begin| title=General election 1900: ApplebyDebrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901Liberal Year Book 1908

}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|

|party = Liberal Party (UK)

|candidate = Richard Rigg

|votes = 2,835

|percentage = 55.7

|change = +14.4

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Conservative Party (UK)|candidate=Joseph Savory|votes=2,256|percentage=44.3|change=−14.4}}

{{Election box majority||votes=579|percentage=11.4|change=N/A}}

{{Election box turnout||votes=5,091|percentage=75.5|change=−4.1}}

{{Election box registered electors|

|reg. electors = 6,744

}}

{{Election box gain with party link|

|winner = Liberal Party (UK)

|loser = Conservative Party (UK)

|swing = +14.4

}}

{{Election box end}}

File:1905 Leif Jones (Elliott & Fry).jpg

{{Election box begin| title=1905 Appleby by-election

}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|

|party = Liberal Party (UK)

|candidate =Leif Jones

|votes = 2,922

|percentage = 52.0

|change = −3.7

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|

|party = Conservative Party (UK)

|candidate = George Noble

|votes = 2,702

|percentage =48.0

|change =+3.7

}}

{{Election box majority|

|votes = 220

|percentage =4.0

|change = −7.4

}}

{{Election box turnout|

|votes =5,624

|percentage =84.3

|change =+8.8

}}

{{Election box registered electors|

|reg. electors = 6,670

}}

{{Election box hold with party link|

|winner = Liberal Party (UK)

|swing = −3.7

}}

{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin| title=General election 1906: Appleby

}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|

|party = Liberal Party (UK)

|candidate = Leif Jones

|votes = 2,890

|percentage = 50.1

|change = −5.6

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|

|party = Conservative Party (UK)

|candidate = Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice

|votes = 2,882

|percentage =49.9

|change =+5.6

}}

{{Election box majority|

|votes =8

|percentage =0.2

|change =−11.2

}}

{{Election box turnout|

|votes =5,785

|percentage =88.4

|change =+8.9

}}

{{Election box registered electors|

|reg. electors = 6,528

}}

{{Election box hold with party link|

|winner = Liberal Party (UK)

|swing = −5.6

}}

{{Election box end}}

• Figures are those following a recount

File:Lancelot Sanderson Conservative MP.jpg

{{Election box begin|

|title=General election January 1910: ApplebyDebrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916

}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|

|party = Conservative Party (UK)

|candidate =Lancelot Sanderson

|votes =3,335

|percentage = 53.8

|change = +3.9

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|

|party =Liberal Party (UK)

|candidate =Leif Jones

|votes =2,868

|percentage = 46.2

|change = −3.9

}}

{{Election box majority|

|votes =467

|percentage = 7.6

|change = N/A

}}

{{Election box turnout|

|votes = 6,203

|percentage =93.2

|change = +4.8

}}

{{Election box registered electors|

|reg. electors = 6,656

}}

{{Election box gain with party link|

|winner = Conservative Party (UK)

|loser =Liberal Party (UK)

|swing = +3.9

}}

{{Election box end}}

File:Philip Wilson.jpg

{{Election box begin|

|title=General election December 1910: ApplebyDebrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916

}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|

|party = Conservative Party (UK)

|candidate =Lancelot Sanderson

|votes =3,258

|percentage = 54.9

|change = +1.1

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|

|party =Liberal Party (UK)

|candidate =Philip Wilson

|votes =2,679

|percentage = 45.1

|change = −1.1

}}

{{Election box majority|

|votes = 579

|percentage = 9.8

|change = +2.2

}}

{{Election box turnout|

|votes =5,937

|percentage =89.2

|change =-4.0

}}

{{Election box registered electors|

|reg. electors = 6,656

}}

{{Election box hold with party link|

|winner = Conservative Party (UK)

|swing = +1.1

}}

{{Election box end}}

General Election 1914/15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

• Unionist: Lancelot Sanderson
• Liberal:

{{Election box begin|

|title=1915 Appleby by-electionDebrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916

}}

{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|

|party = Unionist Party (UK)

|candidate = Cecil Lowther (politician)|Cecil Lowther

}}

{{Election box hold with party link no swing|

|winner = Unionist Party (UK)

}}

{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin no change | title=By-election, 24 May 1832: Appleby

}}

{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|

|party = Whigs (British political party)

|candidate = Charles Henry Foster Barham

}}

{{Election box registered electors no change|

|reg. electors = {{circa|99}}

}}

{{Election box hold with party link no swing|

|winner = Whigs (British political party)

}}

{{Election box end}}

• Caused by Tufton's succession to the peerage, becoming 11th Earl of Thanet

{{Election box begin no change | title=General election, 3 May 1831: Appleby

}}

{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|

|party = Whigs (British political party)

|candidate = Henry Tufton

}}

{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|

|party = Tories (British political party)

|candidate = James Maitland

}}

{{Election box registered electors no change|

|reg. electors = {{circa|99}}

}}

{{Election box hold with party link no swing|

|winner = Whigs (British political party)

}}

{{Election box hold with party link no swing|

|winner = Tories (British political party)

}}

{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin no change | title=General election, 5 August 1830: Appleby

}}

{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|

|party = Whigs (British political party)

|candidate = Henry Tufton

}}

{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|

|party = Tories (British political party)

|candidate = James Maitland

}}

{{Election box hold with party link no swing|

|winner = Whigs (British political party)

}}

{{Election box hold with party link no swing|

|winner = Tories (British political party)

}}

{{Election box end}}

Election results taken from the History of Parliament Trust series.

{{Election box begin |

|title=General election 1715: Appleby (2 seats)}}

{{Election box candidate |

|party = Non Partisan

|candidate = Thomas Lutwyche

|votes = Unopposed

|percentage = N/A

|change = N/A

}}

{{Election box candidate |

|party = Non Partisan

|candidate = Richard Sandford

|votes = Unopposed

|percentage = N/A

|change = N/A

}}

{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin |

|title=General election 1722: Appleby (2 seats)}}

{{Election box candidate |

|party = Non Partisan

|candidate = Sackville Tufton

|votes = Unopposed

|percentage = N/A

|change = N/A

}}

{{Election box candidate |

|party = Non Partisan

|candidate = Richard Sandford

|votes = Unopposed

|percentage = N/A

|change = N/A

}}

{{Election box end}}

• Death of Sandford

{{Election box begin |

|title=By-election 2 May 1723: Appleby}}

{{Election box candidate |

|party = Non Partisan

|candidate = James Lowther

|votes = 99

|percentage = 53.80

|change = N/A

}}

{{Election box candidate |

|party = Non Partisan

|candidate = Trevor Hill

|votes = 85

|percentage = 46.20

|change = N/A

}}

{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin |

|title=General election 1727: Appleby (2 seats)}}

{{Election box candidate |

|party = Non Partisan

|candidate = Sackville Tufton

|votes = Unopposed

|percentage = N/A

|change = N/A

}}

{{Election box candidate |

|party = Non Partisan

|candidate = John Ramsden

|votes = Unopposed

|percentage = N/A

|change = N/A

}}

{{Election box end}}

• Succession of Tufton as 7th Earl of Thanet

{{Election box begin |

|title=By-election 24 January 1730: Appleby}}

{{Election box candidate |

|party = Non Partisan

|candidate = Walter Plumer

|votes = Unopposed

|percentage = N/A

|change = N/A

}}

{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin |

|title=General election 1734: Appleby (2 seats)}}

{{Election box candidate |

|party = Non Partisan

|candidate = Walter Plumer

|votes = Unopposed

|percentage = N/A

|change = N/A

}}

{{Election box candidate |

|party = Non Partisan

|candidate = John Ramsden

|votes = Unopposed

|percentage = N/A

|change = N/A

}}

{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin |

|title=General election 1741: Appleby (2 seats)}}

{{Election box candidate |

|party = Non Partisan

|candidate = George Dodington

|votes = Unopposed

|percentage = N/A

|change = N/A

}}

{{Election box candidate |

|party = Non Partisan

|candidate = John Ramsden

|votes = Unopposed

|percentage = N/A

|change = N/A

}}

{{Election box end}}

• Dodington chose to sit for Bridgwater

{{Election box begin |

|title=By-election 1 January 1742: Appleby}}

{{Election box candidate |

|party = Non Partisan

|candidate = Charles Wyndham

|votes = Unopposed

|percentage = N/A

|change = N/A

}}

{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin |

|title=General election 1747: Appleby (2 seats)}}

{{Election box candidate |

|party = Non Partisan

|candidate = Randle Wilbraham

|votes = Unopposed

|percentage = N/A

|change = N/A

}}

{{Election box candidate |

|party = Non Partisan

|candidate = John Ramsden

|votes = Unopposed

|percentage = N/A

|change = N/A

}}

{{Election box end}}

{{reflist}}

• Michael Brock, The Great Reform Act (London: Hutchinson, 1973)
• D Brunton & D H Pennington, "Members of the Long Parliament" (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
• Maija Jansson (ed.), Proceedings in Parliament, 1614 (House of Commons) (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1988) [https://books.google.com/books?id=L9GqTX0uoT8C&pg=PR9&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0&sig=UkEf4ZrrR7tKn1fYUF0yU1YkPwc#PPR5,M1]
• J Holladay Philbin, "Parliamentary Representation 1832 – England and Wales" (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
• {{Rayment-hc|a|2|date=March 2012}}

{{s-start}}

{{s-par|uk}}

{{s-break}}

{{s-vac|last=Banbury|reason=since 1782}}

{{s-ttl|title=Constituency represented by the prime minister|years=1783–1784}}

{{s-aft|after=Cambridge University}}

{{s-end}}{{Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool}}

Category:Parliamentary constituencies in Cumbria (historic)

Category:Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1295

Category:Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1832

Category:Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1885

Category:Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1918

Category:Rotten boroughs

Category:Appleby-in-Westmorland

Category:Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool