Aviation Drug-Trafficking Control Act of 1984
{{Short description|United States statute imposing penalties for aircraft trafficking of controlled substances}}
{{Infobox U.S. legislation
| shorttitle = Aviation Drug-Trafficking Control Act of 1984
| othershorttitles =
| longtitle = An Act to amend the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 to provide for the revocation of the airman certificates and for additional penalties for the transportation by aircraft of controlled substances, and for other purposes.
| colloquialacronym = ADTCA
| nickname = Aviation Drug-Trafficking Control Act
| enacted by = 98th
| effective date = October 19, 1984
| public law url =
| cite public law = {{uspl|98|499}}
| cite statutes at large = {{usstat|98|2312}}
| acts amended = Federal Aviation Act of 1958
| acts repealed =
| title amended = 49 U.S.C.: Transportation
| sections created =
| sections amended = {{unbulleted list|{{usc|49|40102}}|{{usc|49|44703}}|{{usc|49|44710}}|{{usc|49|46110}}}}
| leghisturl = http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d098:S01146:@@@R
| introducedin = Senate
| introducedbill = {{USBill|98|S.|1146}}
| introducedby = Lloyd Bentsen (D–TX)
| introduceddate = April 26, 1983
| committees = Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation, House Public Works and Transportation
| passedbody1 = Senate
| passeddate1 = September 27, 1983
| passedvote1 = passed voice vote
| passedbody2 = House
| passedas2 =
| passeddate2 = July 21, 1984
| passedvote2 = [https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/98-1984/h778 393-1], in lieu of {{USBill|98|H.R.|1580}}
| conferencedate = September 26, 1984
| passedbody3 = Senate
| passeddate3 = October 2, 1984
| passedvote3 = passed voice vote
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| passedbody4 = House
| passeddate4 = October 4, 1984
| passedvote4 = passed voice vote
| signedpresident = Ronald Reagan
| signeddate = October 19, 1984
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}}
Aviation Drug-Trafficking Control Act of 1984 is a United States Federal law amending the Federal Aviation Act of 1958. The statutory law authorized criminal penalties for the unlawful aerial transportation of controlled substances. The Act of Congress mandated the revocation of aircraft registrations and airman certificates by the Federal Aviation Administration whereas an aircraft aviator knowingly engages in the transit of illicitly used drugs. The Act established authority and a statute of limitations for the reissuance of airman certificates by the United States Secretary of Transportation.
The S. 1146 legislation was passed by the 98th U.S. Congressional session and enacted into law by the 40th President of the United States Ronald Reagan on October 19, 1984.{{cite web |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/260941 |title=Statement on Signing the Aviation Drug-Trafficking Control Act |last=Reagan |first=Ronald |date=October 19, 1984 |website=The American Presidency Project ~ John Woolley and Gerhard Peters |publisher=University of California, Santa Barbara}}{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/4732348.1984.002.umich.edu/page/1579 |title=Statement on Signing the Aviation Drug-Trafficking Control Act - October 19, 1984 |last=Reagan |first=Ronald W. |date=October 19, 1984 |website=Internet Archive |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Archives and Records Service |page=1579}}
History
{{further|Just Say No|War on drugs}}
In 1982, the United States created the Operation Bahamas, American, Turks and Caicos (OPBAT) initiative harmonizing an interdiction for the narcotic drug trafficking in the West Indies waters.{{cite web |url=https://cgaviationhistory.org/1982-opbat-operation-bahamas-turks-and-caicos-a-cooperative-drug-interdiction-operation-initiated/ |title=1982 – OPBAT ~ Operation Bahamas Turks and Caicos; a Cooperative Drug Interdiction Operation Initiated |website=Coast Guard Aviation History |publisher=Coast Guard Aviation Association}}{{cite web |url=http://www.cicad.oas.org/cicaddocs/Document.aspx?Id=5364 |title=OPBAT ~ Operation - Bahamas, American, Turks & Caicos |trans-title=Operation “Raccoon” |website=Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) |publisher=Organization of American States}} The Bahamas and Turks and Caicos initiative was a cooperative drug interdiction operation supported by an alliance of federal enforcement organizations as coordinated by;{{cite web |url=https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2021-04/1980-1985_p_49-58.pdf |title=1980-1985 - Drug Enforcement Administration History |publisher=U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration |page=53}}{{cite web |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/afmd-87-69 |title=Interagency Agreements: Customs-Coast Guard Agreement for U.S.-Bahamas Drug Task Force Was Proper |date=August 31, 1987 |trans-title=GAO/AFMD 87-69 Report |website=U.S. GAO Reports & Testimonies |publisher=U.S. Government Accountability Office}}
= Federal Anti-Crime Task Force for Southern Florida =
In January 1982, the Reagan Administration established the Federal Anti-Crime Task Force for Southern Florida standardizing a multi-jurisdictional law enforcement organization for confronting organized crime in the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and Southeastern United States.{{cite web |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/246099 |title=Statement Announcing the Establishment of a Federal Anticrime Task Force for Southern Florida |last=Reagan |first=Ronald |date=January 28, 1982 |website=The American Presidency Project ~ John Woolley and Gerhard Peters |publisher=University of California, Santa Barbara}}{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/4732272.1982.001.umich.edu/page/86 |title=Statement Announcing Establishment of a Federal Anti-Crime Task Force for Southern Florida - January 28, 1982 |last=Reagan |first=Ronald W. |date=January 28, 1982 |website=Internet Archive |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Archives and Records Service |page=86}} The Florida Counter-drug Task Force developed and governed containment measures for the domestic and international enterprises sustaining illegal drug trade activities in the Lucayan Archipelago and Straits of Florida.{{cite web |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/112128 |title=Changes Needed To Strengthen Federal Efforts To Combat Narcotics Trafficking |date=April 22, 1980 |trans-title=GAO 112128 Report |website=U.S. GAO Reports & Testimonies |publisher=U.S. Government Accountability Office}}{{cite web |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/ggd-90-42 |title=Drug Control: Anti-Drug Efforts in the Bahamas |date=March 8, 1990 |trans-title=GAO/GGD 90-42 Report |website=U.S. GAO Reports & Testimonies |publisher=U.S. Government Accountability Office}}
In October 1982, United States President Ronald Reagan made a public announcement from the Great Hall of the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building.{{cite web |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/246317 |title=Remarks Announcing Federal Initiatives Against Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime |last=Reagan |first=Ronald |date=October 14, 1982 |website=The American Presidency Project ~ John Woolley and Gerhard Peters |publisher=University of California, Santa Barbara}}{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/4732272.1982.002.umich.edu/page/1313 |title=Remarks Announcing Federal Initiatives Against Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime - October 14, 1982 |last=Reagan |first=Ronald W. |date=October 14, 1982 |website=Internet Archive |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Archives and Records Service |pages=1313–1317}} The presidential public declaration addressed the federal initiatives related to the interdiction of drug trafficking and organized crime confronting the United States borders and continental maritime boundaries.{{cite web |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/ggd-84-35 |title=Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces: Status and Observations |date=December 9, 1983 |trans-title=GAO/GGD 84-35 Report |website=U.S. GAO Reports & Testimonies |publisher=U.S. Government Accountability Office}}
= National Narcotics Border Interdiction System =
In March 1983, the Reagan Administration announced the formation of the National Narcotics Border Interdiction System (NNBIS).{{cite web |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/262113 |title=Announcement of the Establishment of the National Narcotics Border Interdiction System |last=Reagan |first=Ronald |date=March 23, 1983 |website=The American Presidency Project ~ John Woolley and Gerhard Peters |publisher=University of California, Santa Barbara}}{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/4732328.1983.001.umich.edu/page/436 |title=Announcement of the Establishment of the National Narcotics Border Interdiction System - March 23, 1983 |last=Reagan |first=Ronald W. |date=March 23, 1983 |website=Internet Archive |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Archives and Records Service |page=436}} The National Narcotics Border Interdiction established an air, land, and sea anti-smuggling engagement while supporting the federal controlled substance enforcement operations of the South Florida Task Force.{{cite web |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/ggd-83-52 |title=Federal Drug Interdiction Efforts Need Strong Central Oversight |date=June 13, 1983 |trans-title=GAO/GGD 83-52 Report |website=U.S. GAO:Office of Public Affairs |publisher=U.S. Government Accountability Office}}{{cite web |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/123698 |title=The Role of the National Narcotics Border Interdiction System in Coordinating Federal Drug Interdiction Efforts |date=March 21, 1984 |trans-title=GAO 123698 Report |website=U.S. GAO Reports & Testimonies |publisher=U.S. Government Accountability Office}}{{cite web |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/ggd-85-67 |title=Coordination of Federal Drug Interdiction Efforts |date=July 15, 1985 |trans-title=GAO/GGD 85-67 Report |website=U.S. GAO:Office of Public Affairs |publisher=U.S. Government Accountability Office}}
See also
style="width: 45%; border: none; text-align: left;" |
Aviation Artifacts in Bahama Islands |
{{further| Castle Bank & Trust (Bahamas)}} |
◎ Bimini |
◎ Norman's Cay |
◎ Spanish Wells |
◎ Staniel Cay |
References
{{reflist}}
In Popular Culture
The Cinema of the United States developed motion pictures depicting covert activities of drug trafficking traversing America’s boundaries by aviation and ground payload during the last quarter of the 20th century.
{{collapse top|width=65%|clear=none|padding=0px|Depictions of Drug Trafficking and International Boundary Passage}}
style="width: 100%; border: none; text-align: left;" | ★ Mr. Nice (2010) |
★ American Gangster (2007) | ★ Narcos (2015) |
★ American Made (2017) | ★ Queen of the South (2016) |
★ Blow (2001) | ★ Traffic (2000) |
{{collapse bottom}}
Periodical Bibliography
- {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/13/us/director-of-federal-drug-agency-calls-reagan-program-liability.html |title=Director of Federal Drug Agency Calls Reagan Program 'Liability' |last=Brinkley |first=Joel |date=May 13, 1984 |work=The New York Times}}
- {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/08/us/us-says-smugglers-bring-record-cocaine-flow.html |title=U.S. SAYS SMUGGLERS BRING RECORD COCAINE FLOW |last=Volsky |first=George |date=August 8, 1985 |work=The New York Times}}
- {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/09/us/12-are-charged-with-smuggling-tons-of-cocaine.html |title=12 ARE CHARGED WITH SMUGGLING TONS OF COCAINE |last=Gruson |first=Lindsey |date=August 9, 1986 |work=The New York Times}}
- {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/04/us/4-year-fight-in-florida-just-can-t-stop-drugs.html |title=4-YEAR FIGHT IN FLORIDA 'JUST CAN'T STOP DRUGS' |last=Brinkley |first=Joel |date=September 4, 1986 |work=The New York Times}}
- {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/20/us/cocaine-smuggler-s-story-shows-us-net-with-more-holes-than-cheese.html |title=COCAINE SMUGGLER'S STORY SHOWS U.S. NET WITH 'MORE HOLES THAN CHEESE' |last=Gruson |first=Lindsey |date=November 20, 1986 |work=The New York Times}}
External links
- {{cite web |url=http://www.gao.gov/assets/100/98612.pdf |title=Justice and Law Enforcement: Federal Drug Law Enforcement Programs |date=November 16, 1977 |website=U.S. GAO:Office of Public Affairs |publisher=U.S. Government Accountability Office |oclc=4769358741}}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.gao.gov/assets/130/127984.pdf |title=Justice and Law Enforcement: Gains Made in Controlling Illegal Drugs, Yet the Drug Trade Flourishes |date=October 25, 1979 |website=U.S. GAO:Office of Public Affairs |publisher=U.S. Government Accountability Office |oclc=5747138}}
- {{cite web |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015011604447 |title=1984 National Strategy for Prevention of Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking |last=Reagan |first=Ronald W. |date=September 10, 1984 |website=HathiTrust Digital Library |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office}}
- {{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/4732348.1984.002.umich.edu/page/1346 |title=Remarks on Signing the National Drug Abuse Education and Prevention Week Proclamation - September 21, 1984 |last=Reagan |first=Ronald W. |date=September 21, 1984 |website=Internet Archive |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Archives and Records Service |pages=1346–1347}}
- {{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/4732348.1984.002.umich.edu/page/1386 |title=Message to the Congress Transmitting a Report on a National Strategy for the Prevention of Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking - September 27, 1984 |last=Reagan |first=Ronald W. |date=September 27, 1984 |website=Internet Archive |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Archives and Records Service |pages=1386–1387}}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.gao.gov/assets/150/143066.pdf |title=Justice and Law Enforcement: Coordination of Federal Drug Interdiction Efforts |date=July 15, 1985 |website=U.S. GAO:Office of Public Affairs |publisher=U.S. Government Accountability Office |oclc=12319841}}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.gao.gov/assets/110/101821.pdf |title=International Affairs: U.S.-Mexico Opium Poppy and Marijuana Aerial Eradication Program |date=August 5, 1987 |website=U.S. GAO:Office of Public Affairs |publisher=U.S. Government Accountability Office |oclc=16898500}}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.gao.gov/assets/150/146002.pdf |title=Drug Control: U.S.-Mexico Opium Poppy and Marijuana Aerial Eradication Program |date=January 11, 1988 |website=U.S. GAO:Office of Public Affairs |publisher=U.S. Government Accountability Office |oclc=17597792}}
- {{cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs5/5169/index.htm#Contents |title=Florida Drug Threat Assessment |date=July 2003 |trans-title=National Drug Intelligence Center Document ID: 2003-S0381FL-001 |publisher=United States Department of Justice}}
- {{cite web |url=https://www.ussc.gov/topic/drug-trafficking |title=United States Drug Trafficking Reports |website=USSC Subject Topic |publisher=United States Sentencing Commission}}
- {{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/ad/cocainenomics |title=Cocainenomics ~ The Ever-Changing Logistics of Drug Smuggling |publisher=The Wall Street Journal}}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.sflhidta.org/ |title=South Florida High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area |website=SFHIDTA.org |publisher=United States Office of National Drug Control Policy}}
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Category:98th United States Congress
Category:United States federal transportation legislation
Category:United States federal controlled substances legislation