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Banate of Macsó

{{Short description|Former banate in the Kingdom of Hungary}}

{{Infobox Former Subdivision

|native_name =

|conventional_long_name = Banate of Macsó
Banate of Mačva
Macsói bánság
Banatus Machoviensis
Мачванска бановина
Mačvanska banovina

|common_name = Banate of Macsó

|subdivision = Banate

|nation = the Kingdom of Hungary

|p1 = Theme of Sirmium

|flag_p1 = Simple Labarum.svg

|s1 = Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)

|flag_s1 = Flag of Serbia (1281).svg

|s2 = Sanjak of Zvornik

|flag_s2 = Ottoman Flag.svg

|year_start = 1254

|event_end =

|year_end = 1496

|life_span = 1254–1284

1319–1496

|date_end =

|image_coat =

|image_map = Macvanska banovina.png

|image_map_caption = The Banate of Macsó in 1490

|capital =

|stat_area1 =

|stat_pop1 =

|stat_year1 =

|category=

|today = Serbia

|footnotes =

}}

File:Koh administrative 1370 01.png

{{History of Hungary}}

{{History of Serbia}}

The Banate of Macsó or the Banate of MačvaVirgil Ciocîltan. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BBh-_b2IzFYC&dq=%22Banate+of+Ma%C4%8Dva+%22&pg=PA257 The Mongols and the Black Sea Trade in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries] ({{langx|hu|macsói bánság}}, {{lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|Мачванска бановина|Mačvanska banovina|separator=" / "}}) was an administrative division (banate) of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, which was located in the present-day region of Mačva, in modern Serbia.

Name

File:13szköz.jpg in the 13th century with the Principality of Macsó.]]

In {{langx|sh|Mačvanska banovina}} ({{lang-sr-cyr|Мачванска бановина}}), {{langx|la|Banatus Machoviensis}}, {{langx|hu|Macsói bánság}}.

History

The region of Mačva or Macsó came under Hungarian administration shortly after the death of Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus (1180), but it was returned to emperor Isaac II Angelos upon conclusion of Byzantine-Hungarian alliance (1185). It was retaken by Hungarians (c. 1200) and later administered as part of the feudal domain of duke John Angelos of Syrmia. During that time, the region of Mačva was also known as the Lower Syrmia (lat. Sirmia ulterior).{{sfn|Moravcsik|1970|p=94}}

Rostislav Mikhailovich was mentioned among the dignitaries of Béla IV as Ban of Slavonia in 1247, and from 1254 onward he was mentioned as the Duke of Macsó (in Latin, dux de Macho).{{cite book | last1 = Kristó | first1 = Gyula | last2 = Engel | first2 = Pál | last3 = Makk | first3 = Ferenc | title = Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9-14. század)}} This was the first mention of the Banate of Macsó. The banate was named after a town called Macsó (Mačva or Macho), but the location of this settlement has not been clearly established in modern times. It is suspected that the town existed a few kilometers down the river from modern Šabac.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}

The Banate of Macsó was ruled by several powerful bans. In the 13th century, Béla of Macsó (grandson of Hungarian king Béla IV and son of Rostislav Mikhailovich) ruled the Banate of Macsó as well as Usora and Soli (areas across Drina river in today's northeastern Bosnia).

Macsó soon become apple of discord between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Kingdom of Serbia. King Stephen Uroš I of Serbia tried to conquer it in 1268, but was defeated and captured by the Hungarians. In 1284, King Stephen Dragutin of Serbia, son of Uroš I, married Catherine of Hungary and received Macsó from King Ladislaus IV of Hungary.

= Late Arpadian era =

Further Hungarian expansion in the Balkans was interrupted by the Tatar invasion, the Hungarian rule in Cumania ceased, but the Banate of Szörény remained. The Balkan region only became the focus of Hungarian foreign policy after 1246-1247. The temporary confusion was resolved, and the duchy continued to exist for nearly forty years after the Tartar invasion. After the death of Stephen V, the strengthening of the defensive character seems to have been decisive, and six new fiefdoms were established between Croatia and the Banate of Szörény. During the Interregnum after the death of Andrew III, the power-gap let Bulgarians and Serbs to became the rulers of the region, and the Wallachians, who were in the course of becoming a nationality. {{Cite journal |last=W. Kovács |first=András |date=2015 |title=A Wass család cegei levéltára (Lappangó középkori oklevelek a nagyszebeni Brukenthal-gyűjteményben. Levéltár-történeti adatok) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.51384/cert-02.18 |journal=Certamen |volume=2 |pages=194–216 |doi=10.51384/cert-02.18 |issn=2393-4328}}

= Post Arpadian Era =

Since the central power in the Kingdom of Hungary collapsed, Stephen Dragutin ruled an independent kingdom centered in Macsó, which also included regions of Usora and Soli in northern Bosnia, as well as Belgrade, Rudnik and Braničevo. This kingdom was known as the Kingdom of Syrmia (Srem) and Stephen Dragutin ruled it as king until his death in 1316.Momčilo Spremić, Despot Đurađ Branković i Mačvanska banovina, Beograd 2005, 92-94.

Macsó remained in the hands of Dragutin's son Stephen Vladislaus II until 1319. The northern part of the region along the river Sava was captured by King Charles I of Hungary while the southern part remained firmly under Serbian administration.{{sfn|Krstić|2016|p=33–51}}

In the 14th century, the bans of the Garai family (Paul I Garai, Nicholas I Garai and his son Nicholas II Garai) expanded their rule not only to Bosnia but also to Upper Syrmia and the last one also became the ban of Slavonia and Croatia, which were also parts of the Kingdom of Hungary at the time.

In the 1370s it was captured by Serbian Prince Lazar who in 1377–1378 donated several villages in Macsó to his newly founded monastery of Ravanica. Lazars's son despot Stefan Lazarević was officially granted with possession of Macsó by King Sigismund of Hungary in 1403 as a vassal of the Hungarian ruler. The territory got back to Hungary with Lazarević's death (1427). The Hungarian bans of Macsó existed during this period as well but only as titular holders and the title of ban was usually granted to the ispáns (counts) of southern counties of the Kingdom of Hungary.

The territory was conquered by the Ottomans around 1459, after the fall of the Serbian Despotate. The region was regained for the Kingdom of Hungary in 1476, when the fortress of Zaslon (modern Šabac) was taken.{{sfn|Pálosfalvi|2018|p=243-260}} By the end of the 15th century, title of ban was transferred to commanders of Belgrade, thus creating the Banate of Belgrade, that existed until final Ottoman conquest of Belgrade and Šabac in 1521.{{sfn|Pálosfalvi|2018|p=372-394}}

Administrative divisions

According to the Treaty of Tata in 1426 Macsó was divided into several districts:G.Fejer, Codex diplomaticus Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis, t.X, v. VI, Budae 1844, 809-813.

Population

The population was mostly Serb and Orthodox, seen in a letter of pope Gregory IX dating 1229, where the pope had ordered the Archbishop of Kalocsa to convert the Orthodox Slavs in Lower Syrmia to the Roman rite.T.Smiciklas, Codex diplomaticus regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae, III, Zagreb 1905, 305-306.[http://hazu.arhivpro.hr/?documentIndex=1&docid=1276&page=0] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721095250/http://hazu.arhivpro.hr/?documentIndex=1&docid=1276&page=0 |date=2011-07-21 }}

List of bans

class="wikitable" style="width: 70%"
scope="col" width="9%" | Term

! scope="col" width="17%" | Incumbent

! scope="col" width="9%" | Monarch

! scope="col" width="43%" | Notes

1254–1262

| RostislavZsoldos 2011, p. 50.

| Béla IV

| "dominus de Machou"; king Béla IV's son-in-law; he might have been in office since 1247

1262–1272

| Béla

| Béla IV
Stephen V

| "dux de Machou"; son of Rostislav; murdered in 1272

1272–1273

| RolandZsoldos 2011, p. 51.

| Ladislaus IV

| gens Rátót; first ban; also palatine (1272–1273)

1273

| Egidius

| Ladislaus IV

| first rule; gens Monoszló; also ban of Bosnia (1273)

1273

| John

| Ladislaus IV

|

1273

| Egidius

| Ladislaus IV

| second rule; gens Monoszló; also ban of Bosnia (1273)

1275 (?)

| Albert

| Ladislaus IV

| gens Ákos; only a non-authentic charter refers to him as ban

1279

| Ugrin

| Ladislaus IV

| "banus et dominus"; gens Csák; also master of the treasury (1277–1279) and ban of Bosnia (1279)

1279–1284

| Elizabeth the Cuman

| Ladislaus IV

| "ducissa de Machou [et de Bozna]"; widow of king Stephen V

1284–1316

| Stefan Dragutin

| Ladislaus IV
Andrew III
Wenceslaus
Otto
Charles I

| vassal of the Hungarian monarch as king of Syrmia; formerly king of Serbia (1276–1282)

1316–1317

| Stefan Vladislav II

| Charles I

| king of Syrmia

style="background-color: lightgrey;" | 1317–1319

| colspan="2"|Stefan MilutinEngel 1996, p. 27.

| king of Serbia; Mačva under Serbian rule

1320–1328

| Paul Garai

| Charles I

| Hungarian rule restored in 1319; also ispán of Bodrog, Valkó (1320–1328) and Syrmia Counties (1323–1328); castellan of Kőszeg

1328–1334

| John Alsáni

| Charles I

| also ispán of Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Valkó (1328–1334) and Bács Counties (1333–1334)

1335–1339

| Nicholas Ostffy

| Charles I

| also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties

1340–1353

| Dominic Ostffy Engel 1996, p. 28.

| Charles I
Louis I

| brother of Nicholas Ostffy; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Syrmia, Valkó and Veszprém Counties

1353–1354

| Andrew LackfiEngel 1996, p. 28.

| Louis I

| also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Syrmia and Valkó Counties

1354–1359

| Nicholas Csák Engel 1996, p. 28.

| Louis I

| son of Ugrin Csák

1359–1375

| Nicholas I GaraiEngel 1996, p. 28.

| Louis I

| also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties

1375–1381

| John HorvatEngel 1996, p. 28.

| Louis I

| first rule; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties

1381–1382

| Paul Liszkói Engel 1996, p. 28.

| Louis I

| also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties

1382–1385

| Stephen Kórógyi Engel 1996, p. 28.

| Mary

| first rule; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties

1385–1386

| John HorvatEngel 1996, p. 28.

| Mary
Charles II

| second rule; conspired against Mary; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties; self-declared ban and regent for anti-king Ladislaus of Naples until 1387

1386–1387

| John Bánfi de Alsólendva Engel 1996, p. 28.

| Mary

| also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties

1387–1390

| Nicholas II GaraiEngel 1996, p. 28.

| Sigismund

| first rule; son of Nicholas I Garai; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Valkó (1387–1390) and Virovitica Counties (1388)

1390–1392

| Stephen Losonci Engel 1996, p. 28.

| Sigismund

| also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Valkó (1390–1392) and Bereg Counties (1391)

1392–1393

| George Lackfi Engel 1996, p. 28.

| Sigismund

| also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties

1393–1394

| Nicholas II GaraiEngel 1996, p. 29.

| Sigismund

| second rule; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties

rowspan="2" | 1394–1397

| Nicholas Treutel Engel 1996, p. 29.

| rowspan="2" | Sigismund

| also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties

Stephen Kórógyi Engel 1996, p. 29.

| second rule; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties

rowspan="2" | 1397

| Peter PerényiEngel 1996, p. 29.

| rowspan="2" | Sigismund

| first rule; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Valkó and Zemplén Counties

John Maróti Engel 1996, p. 29.

| first rule; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties

1397–1400

| Francis Bebek Engel 1996, p. 29.

| Sigismund

| together with John Maróti (1398–1402); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties

1398–1402

| John Maróti Engel 1996, p. 29.

| Sigismund

| second rule; together with Francis Bebek (1397–1400) and with Peter Perényi (1400–1401); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties

1400–1401

| Peter PerényiEngel 1996, p. 29.

| Sigismund

| second rule; together with John Maróti (1398–1402); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties

rowspan="2" | 1402

| Stephen Ludányi Engel 1996, p. 29.

| rowspan="2" | Sigismund

| together with his brother, Thomas Ludányi; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties

Thomas Ludányi Engel 1996, p. 29.

| first rule; together with his brother, Stephen Ludányi; also bishop of Eger (1400–1403); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties

1402–1403

| Ladislaus Újlaki Engel 1996, p. 29.

| Sigismund

| first rule; together with John Maróti (1402–1410); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties

1402–1410

| John Maróti Engel 1996, p. 29.

| Sigismund

| third rule; together with Ladislaus Újlaki (1402–1403); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties

1403

| Thomas Ludányi Engel 1996, p. 29.

| Sigismund

| second rule; also bishop of Eger (1400–1403); ban for anti-king Ladislaus of Naples

rowspan="2" | 1410–1418

| Ladislaus Újlaki Engel 1996, p. 29.

| rowspan="2" | Sigismund

| second rule; together with his brother, Emeric Újlaki; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties

Emeric Újlaki Engel 1996, p. 29.

| together with his brother, Ladislaus Újlaki; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties

1419–1427

| Desiderius Garai Engel 1996, p. 30.

| Sigismund

| first rule; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties

1427–1428

| John Maróti Engel 1996, p. 30.

| Sigismund

| fourth rule; together with Peter Cseh de Léva (1427–1431); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties

1427–1431

| Peter Cseh de Léva Engel 1996, p. 30.

| Sigismund

| together with John Maróti (1427–1428) and with Stephen Újlaki (1429–1430); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bars, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties

1429–1430

| Stephen Újlaki Engel 1996, p. 30.

| Sigismund

| son of Ladislaus Újlaki; together with Peter Cseh de Léva (1427–1431); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties

1431–1441

| Ladislaus GaraiEngel 1996, p. 30.

| Sigismund
Albert
Vladislaus I
Ladislaus V

| first rule; son of Nicholas II Garai; together with Desiderius Garai (1431–1438); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Fejér, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties; as a supporter of Elizabeth of Luxembourg, deposed by Vladislaus I in 1441

1431–1438

| Desiderius Garai Engel 1996, p. 30.

| Sigismund
Albert

| second rule; together with Ladislaus Garai (1431–1441); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties

1438–1477

| Nicholas of IlokEngel 1996, p. 30.

| Albert
Vladislaus I
Ladislaus V
Matthias I

| first rule; son of Ladislaus of Ilok; together with Ladislaus Garai (1431–1441), with Ladislaus Maróti (1441–1443), with Emeric Hédervári (1442–1445), with Ladislaus Garai (1445–1447), with Stephen Bebek (1447–1448), with John Kórógyi (1447–1456), with Paul Herceg de Szekcső (1456), with Michael Szilágyi (1456–1458) et al.; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna, Valkó (1438–1458), Fejér (1440–1448), Csanád, Csongrád, Temes (1441–1446) and Somogy Counties (1446–1458); also voivode of Transylvania (1441–1458, 1459–1472) and captain of Belgrade (1441–1458), count of the Székelys (1441–1446), ban of Severin (1445–1446), ban of Slavonia (1457–1466) and king of Bosnia (1472–1477)

1441–1443

| Ladislaus Maróti Engel 1996, p. 30.

| Vladislaus I
Ladislaus V

| son of John Maróti; together with Nicholas of Ilok (1438–1458); also ispán of Arad, Békés and Zaránd Counties

1442–1445

| Emeric Hédervári Engel 1996, p. 30.

| Vladislaus I
Ladislaus V

| together with Nicholas of Ilok (1438–1458) and with Ladislaus Maróti (1441–1443)

1445–1447

| Ladislaus Garai Engel 1996, p. 30.

| Ladislaus V

| second rule; together with Nicholas of Ilok (1438–1458); appointed palatine

1447–1448

| Stephen Bebek Engel 1996, p. 30.

| Ladislaus V

| together with Nicholas of Ilok (1438–1458) and with John Kórógyi (1447–1456)

1447–1456

| John Kórógyi Engel 1996, p. 31.

| Ladislaus V

| grandson of Stephen Kórógyi; together with Nicholas of Ilok (1438–1458) and with Stephen Bebek (1447–1448); also župan of Požega (1450–1456) and Vrbas (1453–1456) Counties

1456

| Paul Herceg de Szekcső Engel 1996, p. 31.

| Ladislaus V

| together with Nicholas of Ilok (1438–1458)

1456–1458

| Michael SzilágyiEngel 1996, p. 31.

| Ladislaus V
Matthias I

| first rule; together with Nicholas of Ilok (1438–1458); also captain of Belgrade (1456–1458); regent in 1458

rowspan="2" | 1458–1459

| Nicholas Dombai Markó 2006, p. 446.

| rowspan="2" |Matthias I

|

Peter Szokoli Markó 2006, p. 446.

| first rule

See also

References

{{reflist|2}}

Sources

{{Refbegin|2}}

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  • {{Cite journal|last=Vasin|first=Dejana|title=Natural Conditions as a Factor of Urbanization of the Lower Posavina in the Middle Ages|journal=Istraživanja: Journal of Historical Researches|year=2019|volume=30|issue=30|pages=45–68|doi=10.19090/i.2019.30.45-68|url=http://istrazivanja.ff.uns.ac.rs/index.php/istr/article/view/2130/2151|doi-access=free}}
  • {{in lang|hu}} Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 ("Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301"). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. Budapest. {{ISBN|978-963-9627-38-3}}

{{Refend}}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930153619/http://www.webenetics.com/hungary/images/hungwest.jpg Map]

{{Provinces of medieval Kingdom of Hungary}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Banovina Of Macso}}

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Category:Banates of the Kingdom of Hungary

Category:13th century in Serbia

Category:14th century in Serbia

Category:15th century in Serbia