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Bharatmala#NHIDCL

{{short description|Indian highway and expressway construction project}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}

{{update|date=September 2024}}

{{Infobox project

| image = Bharatmala_Pariyojana.png

| country = India

| ministry = Ministry of Road Transport and Highways

| current_status = Active

| established = {{Start date and age|2015|07|31|df=y}}

}}

{{Politics of India}}

The Bharatmala Pariyojna ({{literal translation}} 'India garland project') is a project in India implemented by Government of India. It was slated to interconnect 550 District Headquarters (from the current 300) through a minimum 4-lane highway by raising the number of corridors to 50 (from the current 6) and move 80% of freight traffic (40% currently) to National Highways by interconnecting 24 logistics parks, 66 inter-corridors (IC) of total {{cvt|8000|km|mi}}, 116 feeder routes (FR) of total {{cvt|7500|km|mi}} and 7 northeast Multi-Modal waterway ports. The project also includes the development of tunnels, bridges, elevated corridors, flyovers, overpasses, interchanges, bypasses, ring roads, etc. to provide the shortest, jam-free & optimized connectivity to multiple places, it is a centrally-sponsored and funded Road and Highways project of the Government of India.{{citation |title=Bharat Mala: PM Narendra Modi's planned {{INRConvert|14000|c}} road from Gujarat to Mizoram |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-04-29/news/61652753_1_crore-road-road-connectivity-road-network |date=29 April 2015 |work=The Economic Times |location=New Delhi }}

This ambitious umbrella programme subsumed all existing Highway Projects including the flagship National Highways Development Project (NHDP), launched by the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government in 1998. The total investment for {{cvt|83677|km|mi}} committed new highways is estimated at {{INRConvert|10.63|t}}, making it the single largest outlay for a government road construction scheme (as of March 2022). The project will build highways from Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana and then cover the entire string of Himalayan territories - Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand - and then portions of borders of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar alongside Terai, and move to West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and right up to the Indo-Myanmar border in Manipur and Mizoram. Special emphasis will be given on providing connectivity to far-flung border and rural areas including the tribal and backward areas.{{Cite web |date=2024-07-05 |title=Bharatmala Project: Expressways, Economic Corridors, Logistic Parks and More Details - Infra Info Hub |url=https://infrainfohub.com/bharatmala-project/ |access-date=2024-07-14 |language=en-US}}

Other than NHDP related projects which are greenfield, there is Brownfield National Highway Projects which is an upgrade/widening of existing 4-lane highways into 6-lane highways that are not controlled access highways.{{cite web | url=https://portfolio.cept.ac.in/ft/construction-project-formulation-appraisal-cm4002-monsoon-2020-4670/brownfield-national-highway-project-monsoon-2020-pcm20400 | title=Brownfield National Highway Project | CEPT - Portfolio }} Many state highways have been converted to National Highways under this project.{{cite web | url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/centre-to-convert-state-highways-with-high-traffic-to-national-highways-gadkari-11665849603165.html | title=Centre to convert State Highways with high traffic to national highways: Gadkari | date=15 October 2022 }} It is both enabler and beneficiary of other key Government of India schemes, such as Industrial corridor, Make in India, Startup India, Standup India, Setu Bharatam, Sagarmala, Dedicated Freight Corridors(DFC), UDAN-RCS, Digital India, BharatNet, Parvatmala.

Scope

= Context =

India's 6,215,797 km (3,862,317 mi) road network is second largest in the world, of which only 2% (~1,60,000 km) are national highways (NHs) carrying 40% road traffic.[http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102504.pdf BHARATMALA PARIYOJANA, PHASE-I] Bharatmala phase-I will raise the NH connection to a total of 80% or 550 districts out of total 718 districts{{cite web | url=https://knowindia.gov.in/districts/#:~:text=India%20is%20one%20of%20the,their%20respective%20State%2F%20UT%20Government | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816053448/http://knowindia.gov.in/districts/#:~:text=India%20is%20one%20of%20the,their%20respective%20State%2F%20UT%20Government | url-status=dead | archive-date=16 August 2017 | title=Home | Know India: National Portal of India }} from the current 42% or 300 districts connected to NH (dec 2017). Mapping of Shortest Route for 12,000 routes carrying 90% of the India's freight, commodity-wise survey of freight movement across 600 districts, automated traffic surveys over 1,500+ points

across the country, and satellite mapping of corridors was done to identify upgradation requirements for Bharatmala.

== {{anchor | National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation | NHIDCL }} NHIDCL ==

National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited was created in 2014 as a fully owned company of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways by the Government of India to expedite construction of National Highway projects with specific focus on Northeast India.[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/44746957.cms National Highway Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited to award first project for North-East in October], Economic Times, 9 Oct 9 2014.[http://nhidcl.com/ NHIDCL intro].

== {{anchor | Central Road Fund (CRF) | Central Road Fund | CRF }} Central Road Fund (CRF) ==

Central Road Fund (CRF) was created as a non-lapsable fund under the "Central Road Fund Act 2000", by imposing a cess on petrol and diesel, to build and upgrade National Highways, State roads, rural roads, railway under/over bridges etc., and national waterways.[http://www.indianeconomy.net/splclassroom/417/what-is-central-road-fund-crf/ What is Central Road Fund (CRF)?], Indian Economy.

=Impact=

Bharatmala will significantly boost highway infrastructure:

  • Raise 6 NC corridors to 50 corridors (6 NC and 44 EC)
  • Raise 40% freight to 80% freight on National Highways
  • Raise 300 districts to 550 districts connected by minimum 4-lane highways.

Components

= National Highways Development Project (NHDP) =

NHDP project covers {{cvt|48793|km|mi}}, including {{cvt|28915|km|mi}} completed, {{cvt|10574|km|mi}} under construction and {{cvt|9,304|km|mi}} left for award (as of May 2017).{{Cite web|url=http://nhai.gov.in/about-nhdp.htm|title=About NHDP {{!}} National Highways Authority of India, Government of India|website=nhai.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-02-03}} The uncompleted projects under NHDP will also be subsumed in Bharatmala. NHDP was meant to convert dirt roads into National Highways or any 1/2 lane roads into 4 lane national highways.

= National Corridors (NC) =

National Corridors of India (NC) are 6 high volume corridors, including 4 in Golden Quadrilateral and 2 in North–South and East–West Corridors, including Mumbai - Kolkata Highway (NH6), known as East Coast - West Coast Corridor, that carry 35% of India's freight. Lane expansion to 6 to 8 laning, ring roads, bypasses and elevated corridors will be built in Bharatmala to decongest the National Corridors. Logistics Parks will be set up along the NC. Busiest stretches of National Corridors will be converted to the expressways. {{cvt|8000|km|mi}} inter-corridor and {{cvt|7500|km|mi}} feeder routes will be built. Additionally, {{cvt|3300|km|mi}} of border roads and {{cvt|2000|km|mi}} international highways will be built to connect 6 National Corridors to international trade routes.

== National Corridors Efficiency Program (NCEP) ==

National Corridors Efficiency Program (NCEP) entails {{cvt|5000|km|mi}} phase-I decongestion of 185 choke points by 34 6-8 laning, 45 bypasses and 30 ring roads of 6 NC.

[http://forestsclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Addinfo/0_0_10112512121216107PKG1BProjectApproval.pdf Investment approval for Phase 1]

New ring roads in Bharatmala include:

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=Economic Corridors=

Economic Corridors of India or Industrial Corridors of India, 44 corridors {{cvt|26200|km|mi}} were identified and {{cvt|9000|km|mi}} will be taken up in phase-I, they exclude 6 National Corridors, they include:[http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102503.pdf Bharatmala presentation] 66 {{cvt|8000|km|mi}} inter-corridors (IC) & 116 {{cvt|7500|km|mi}} feeder routes (FR) were identified for Bharatmala.

List of 44 economic corridors (EC):

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{{div col end}}

==Logistics parks==

Logistics parks entailing 45% of India's freight traffic have been identified to be connected by Bharatmala economic corridors (EC), to develop hub-and-spoke model where hub-to-hub transport can be done with 30 tonne trucks and hub-to-spoke transport can be done with 10 tonne trucks. Currently all transport is point-to-point in 10 tonne trucks (2017).

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{{div col end}}

==Northeast India connectivity==

North East Economic corridor will connect 7 state capitals and 7 multimodal waterways terminals on Brahmaputra

on the [http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102503.pdf bharatmala route (slide 21)].

{{Div col|colwidth=10em}}

{{div col end}}

==International connectivity==

{{see also|Ministry_for_Development_of_North_Eastern_Region#Northeast_India_connectivity_projects| label 1 = Northeast connectivity projects | India–Myanmar_barrier#Look-East_Connectivity | label 2 = Look-East connectivity}}

Look-East Connectivity will be further developed in the [http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102503.pdf Bharatmala routes (slide 22)].

  • 24 Integrated check posts (ICPs)
  • Transit through Bangladesh to improve Northeast India
  • Integrating Bangladesh–Bhutan–Nepal-Myanmar–Thailand BIMSTEC corridors.

Finance

  • Total budget {{INRConvert|692324|c}} for 5 years Bharatmala project from 2017 to 2022.
  • {{INRConvert|157324|c}} existing NH projects subsumed under Bharatmala, such as incomplete National Highways, SARDP-NE, Externally Aided Projects (EAP, e.g. world Bank and ADB), and Left Wing Extremism roads (LWE).
  • {{INRConvert|535000|c}} phase-I to be completed during 2017-dec 2019:{{citation |title=Govt plans Bharat Mala, a 5,000km road network |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Govt-plans-Bharat-Mala-a-5000km-road-network/articleshow/47102122.cms |date=30 April 2015 |location=New Delhi |work=The Times of India }}
  • {{INRConvert|209000|c}} through market borrowings.
  • {{INRConvert|106000|c}} through private investments.
  • {{INRConvert|219000|c}} through the Central Road Fund (CRF) and tolls:
  • {{INRConvert|97000|c}} from CRF.
  • {{INRConvert|34000|c}} from new toll monetisation of completed highways.
  • {{INRConvert|46048|c}} from current toll fee from Toll-Permanent Bridge Fee Fund (PBFF)).[http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=171930 new release]
  • Fy2017-18:[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/62235342.cms Transport ministry seeks Rs 78,000 crore to help fund Bharatmala], Economic Times, 24 Dec 2017.
  • {{cvt|10000|km|mi}} highways built at the rate of 27 km/day,
  • {{INRConvert|65000|c}} through allocation in the national budget.
  • Fy2018-19:
  • {{cvt|24000|km|mi}} will be awarded.
  • {{cvt|12000|km|mi}} will be completed.
  • {{INRConvert|163000|c}} total spend:
  • {{INRConvert|78000|c}} through allocation in the national budget,
  • {{INRConvert|60000|c}} through bonds,
  • {{INRConvert|25000|c}} through toll monetisation of 30 completed highways.

Implementation phases: 2017-2022

The plan envisages the construction of {{cvt|83677|km|mi}} roads, including {{cvt|34800|km|mi}} of additional highways and roads across the country,{{citation |title=Ministry proposes construction of 20,000 km of roads under Bharat Mala project |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-01-09/news/69634613_1_draft-cabinet-note-finance-ministry-roads-ministry |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325052218/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-01-09/news/69634613_1_draft-cabinet-note-finance-ministry-roads-ministry |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 March 2016 |date=9 January 2016 |work=The Economic Times |location=New Delhi }} apart from an existing plan of building {{cvt|48877|km|mi}} of new highways by the National Highway Authority of India. Bharatmala has synergy with Sagarmala.

= Phase 1: 34,800 km by December 2022 =

The total length of {{cvt|34800|km|mi}} highways will be constructed under phase-I by December 2022, including {{cvt|24800|km|mi}} of new highways and another {{cvt|10000|km|mi}} currently under-construction remaining incomplete under NHDP, compared to 19 years it took to upgrade almost same length of National Highways under NHDP.{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/economy/first-phase-of-bharatmala-pariyojana-to-start-by-end-of-2018-gadkari-2419571.cms|title=First phase of Bharatmala Pariyojana to start by end of 2018: Gadkari|website=Moneycontrol|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-29}}[http://www.firstpost.com/business/nitin-gadkari-press-conference-live-focus-on-road-dev-will-ensure-investments-say-expert-4173547.html Nitin Gadkari press conference highlights: BharatMala, SagarMala to be 'varmala' of India, says minister], First Post, 25 Oct 2017.{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/highway-construction-target-for-nitin-gadkari-led-road-transport-ministry-is-30-km-per-day-too-much-of-a-stretch/701339/|title=Highway construction target for Nitin Gadkari-led Road Transport Ministry: Is 30 km per day too much of a stretch?|date=2017-06-05|work=The Financial Express|access-date=2017-08-08|language=en-US}}

class="wikitable"

! Road Type

! Total Length

! Phase-I Length

! Notes

Economic Corridors

| {{cvt|26200|km|mi}}

| {{cvt|9000|km|mi}}

| 44 EC corridors exclude 6 NC.

Inter-corridor & feeder Routes

| {{cvt|15500|km|mi}}

| {{cvt|6000|km|mi}}

| 66 {{cvt|8000|km|mi}} inter-corridors (IC) & 116 {{cvt|7500|km|mi}} feeder routes (FR).

National Corridors Efficiency Program

|

| {{cvt|5000|km|mi}}

| 6-8 laning, bypasses and ring roads of 6 NC.

Border & International connectivity roads

| {{cvt|5300|km|mi}}

| {{cvt|2000|km|mi}}

| {{cvt|3300|km|mi}} of border roads and {{cvt|2000|km|mi}} to connect 6 national corridors to international trade routes, such as BIMSTEC, MIT and BIN (Bangladesh-India-Nepal).

Coastal & Port connectivity roads

|

| {{cvt|2000|km|mi}}

| Synergy with Sagarmala.

Expressways

| {{cvt|1600|km|mi}}

| {{cvt|800|km|mi}}

| NC stretches converted to expressway.

Total under Bharatmala Pariyojana

|

| {{cvt|24800|km|mi}}

|

NH remaining under NHDP

| {{cvt|10000|km|mi}}

| {{cvt|10000|km|mi}}

|

Total to be built or upgraded

| {{cvt|83677|km|mi}}

| {{cvt|34800|km|mi}}

|

=Phase-II: 48,877 km (expected 2024)=

Multimodal logistics parks. It will make current corridors more effective & will improve connectivity with north east and leverage synergy with inland waterways.

Multi-modal logistics parks will provide seamless cargo transfer between Railways cargo, Inland Waterways, Air cargo, Dedicated Freight Corridors, Access-Controlled Expressways, National Highways, State Highways in a Hub and Spoke model.

See also

{{Portal|India|Transport|Roads|Railways}}

; Similar rail development

; Similar roads development

; Similar ports and river transport development

; Similar air transport development

; Highways in India

; General

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • [http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102503.pdf Bharatmala presentation - Oct 2017]
  • [https://morth.nic.in/bharatmala-phase bharatmala-phase], MorTH, GoI.

{{Government Schemes in India}}

Category:Modi administration initiatives

Category:Proposed road infrastructure in India

Category:2015 establishments in India