Big Dipper#Guidepost

File:Big Dipper 20210116.jpg]]

The constellation of Ursa Major (Latin: Greater Bear) has been seen as a bear, a wagon, or a ladle. The "bear" tradition is Indo-European (appearing in Greek, as well as in Vedic India),{{Citation |last = Witzel |first = Michael |year = 2001 |title = Autochthonous Aryans? The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts |journal = Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies |volume = 7 |issue = 3 | url = http://www.ejvs.laurasianacademy.com/ejvs0703/ejvs0703article.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130523094912/http://www.ejvs.laurasianacademy.com/ejvs0703/ejvs0703article.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-date = 23 May 2013 |pages = 72}} but apparently the name "bear" has parallels in Siberian or North American traditions."But whence came the same idea into the minds of our North American Indians? Was it by accident? or is it evidence of a common origin in the far antiquity of Asia? The conformation of the seven stars in no way resembles the animal, — indeed the contrary; yet they called them Okuari and Paukunawa, words for a "bear", before they were visited by the white men, as is attested by Le Clercq in 1691, by the Reverend Cotton Mather in 1712, by the Jesuit missionary La Fitau in 1724, and by the French traveler Charlevoix in 1744. And Bancroft wrote in his history of our country: [...] In justice, however, to their familiarity with a bear's anatomy, it should be said that the impossible tail of our Ursa was to them either Three Hunters, or a Hunter with his two Dogs, in pursuit of the creature; the star Alcor being the pot in which they would cook her. They thus avoided the incongruousness of the present astronomical ideas of Bruin's make-up, although their cooking-utensil was inadequate. The Housatonic Indians, who roamed over that valley from Pittsfield through Lenox and Stockbridge to Great Barrington, said that this chase of the stellar Bear lasted from the spring till the autumn, when the animal was wounded and its blood plainly seen in the foliage of the forest." Allen (1899), p. 423.

cf. {{cite book |author=Richard H. Allen |title=Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vWDsybJzz7IC&pg=PA423 |date=28 February 2013 |publisher=Courier Corporation |isbn=((978-0-486-13766-7)) |pages=423–}}Bradley E Schaefer, The Origin of the Greek Constellations: Was the Great Bear constellation named before hunter nomads first reached the Americas more than 13,000 years ago!, Scientific American, November 2006, reviewed at [http://www.worldhistoryblog.com/2006/10/origin-of-greek-constellations.html The Origin of the Greek Constellations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401164801/http://www.worldhistoryblog.com/2006/10/origin-of-greek-constellations.html |date=1 April 2017 }};{{unreliable source?|date=April 2017}}

Yuri Berezkin, [http://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol31/berezkin.pdf The cosmic hunt: variants of a Siberian – North-American myth]. Folklore, 31, 2005: 79–100.Julien d'Huy reconstructs the following Palaeolithic state of the story: "There is an animal that is a horned herbivore, probably an elk. One human pursues this ungulate. The hunt proceeds to the sky. The animal is alive when it is suddenly transformed into a constellation-- It forms the Big Dipper"

d'Huy Julien, [https://www.academia.edu/3226058/Un_ours_dans_les_etoiles_recherche_phylogenetique_sur_un_mythe_prehistorique._-_Prehistoire_du_sud-ouest_20_1_2012_91-106 Un ours dans les étoiles: recherche phylogénétique sur un mythe préhistorique], Préhistoire du sud-ouest, 20 (1), 2012: 91–106; [https://www.academia.edu/3045718/A_Cosmic_Hunt_in_the_Berber_sky_a_phylogenetic_reconstruction_of_Palaeolithic_mythology._-_Les_Cahiers_de_lAARS_15_2013_93-106 A Cosmic Hunt in the Berber sky: a phylogenetic reconstruction of Palaeolithic mythology], Les Cahiers de l'AARS, 15, 2012.

The name "Bear" is Homeric, and apparently native to Greece, while the "Wain" tradition is Mesopotamian.

Book XVIII of Homer's Iliad mentions it as "the Bear, which men also call the Wain".{{cite book|chapter-url=https://sacred-texts.com/cla/homer/ili/ili18.htm |chapter=Book XVIII |title=The Iliad|author=Homer|translator=Samuel Butler}} In Latin, these seven stars were known as the "Seven Oxen" ({{lang|la|septentriones}}, from {{lang|la|septem triōnēs}}).{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/septentrion|title=Merriam-Webster dictionary|access-date=6 June 2017}} Classical Greek mythography identified the "Bear" as the nymph Callisto, changed into a she-bear by Hera, the jealous wife of Zeus.

In Ireland and the United Kingdom, this pattern is known as the Plough (Irish: An Camchéachta – the bent plough). The symbol of the Starry Plough has been used as a political symbol by Irish Republican and Irish left wing movements. Former names include the Great Wain (i.e., wagon), Arthur's Wain{{Cite book|last=Scott|first=Walter|title=The Lay of the Last Minstrel|publisher=James Ballantyne|year=1805|at=Canto First. XVII}} or Butcher's Cleaver. The terms Charles's Wain and Charles his Wain are derived from the still older Carlswæn.{{cite web|url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Ursa_Major*.html |title=Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning – "Ursa Major" |first1=Richard |last1=Hinckley Allen|date=1963}} A folk etymology holds that this derived from Charlemagne, but the name is common to all the Germanic languages and the original reference was to the churls' (i.e., the men's) wagon, in contrast to the women's wagon, (the Little Dipper).{{cite web|url=http://www.sxk.se/tekniska/btf/navigation/astord.htm#k |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051203073015/http://www.sxk.se/tekniska/btf/navigation/astord.htm#k|archive-date=3 December 2005|title=Astro ordlista: Karlavagnen|work=150 ord och begrepp inom astronomisk navigation |first1=Gösta |last1=Bågenholm |language=sv |trans-title=Astrological glossary: The Big Dipper |quote="Som pendang till Karlavagnen kallas Lilla björn (latin Ursæ Minoris) för kvinnovagnen..." — as an appendix to the Men's Wagon, the Little Bear is called the Women's Wagon}}{{cite book|url=https://runeberg.org/svetym/0390.html |title=Svensk etymologisk ordbok |language=sv |trans-title=Swedish etymological dictionary |date=1922 |first1=Elof |last1=Hellquist |quote=Karlavagnen: "I stället sammansatt" ... – "Instead composed from the appellative karl [man] in opposition to Icelandic kvennavagn [women's wagon]"}} An older "Odin's Wain" may have preceded these Nordic designations.

In German, it is known as the "Great Wagon" ({{lang|de|Großer Wagen}}) and, less often, the "Great Bear" ({{lang|de|Großer Bär}}). Likewise, in the North Germanic languages, it is known by variations of "Charles's Wagon" (Karlavagnen, Karlsvogna, or Karlsvognen), but also the "Great Bear" (Stora Björn), and to the Norse pagans, it was known as Óðins vagn; "Woden's wagon".{{cite book | last1 = Cleasby | first1 = Richard | author-link = Richard Cleasby | last2 = Vigfússon | author-link2 = Guðbrandur Vigfússon | first2 = Guðbrandur | title = An Icelandic-English Dictionary | publisher = Oxford: Clarendon Press | year = 1874 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RnEJAAAAQAAJ | page = 674}} In Dutch, its official name is the "Great Bear" (Grote Beer), but it is popularly known as the "Saucepan" (Steelpannetje). In Italian, it is called either the "Great Wagon" (Grande Carro) or "Orsa Maggiore" ("Greater Bear"). Romanian and most Slavic languages also call it the "Great Wagon".

In Hungarian, it is commonly known as "Göncöl's Wagon" ({{lang|hu|Göncölszekér}}) or, less often, "Big Göncöl" ({{lang|hu|Nagy Göncöl}}) after a táltos (shaman) in Hungarian mythology who carried medicine that could cure any disease. In Finnish, the figure is known as Otava with established etymology in the archaic meaning 'salmon net', although other uses of the word refer to 'bear' and 'wheel'.{{cite book|last=Kaisa|first=Häkkinen|title=Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja|date=2007|publisher=WSOY|isbn=978-951-0-27108-7|edition=4th|language=fi}} The bear relation is claimed to stem from the animal's resemblance to—and mythical origin from—the asterism rather than vice versa.{{cite news|last=Hämäläinen|first=Pirjo|title=Otavassa on orjan merkki|url=http://www.kansanuutiset.fi/mielipiteet/nakokulma/3076910/otavassa-on-orjan-merkki|newspaper=Kansan Uutiset|access-date=21 April 2014|date=11 November 2013|language=fi}}{{cite web|last=Mykrä |first=Sakari |title=Kahdensadan nimen kontio |url=http://www.suurpedot.fi/www/fi/suurpedot_ja_me/historia/Kahdensadan_nimen_kontio.php |work=Suurpedot.fi |access-date=21 April 2014 |language=fi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209075432/http://www.suurpedot.fi/www/fi/suurpedot_ja_me/historia/Kahdensadan_nimen_kontio.php |archive-date=9 February 2013 }}

In Lithuanian, the stars of Ursa Major are known as Didieji Grįžulo Ratai ("The Big Back Wheels"). Other names for the constellation include Perkūno Ratai ("The Wheels of Perkūnas"), Kaušas ("The Bucket"), Vežimas ("The Carriage"), and Samtis ("The Ladle").{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} In Latvian, it is known as Lielie Greizie Rati ("The Great Crooked Wagon") or Lielais Kauss ("The Great Cup").{{Cite web |last=Turkina |first=Eizenija |date=1982 |title=257 (Latvian-English dictionary : Latviesu-anglu vardnica) |url=https://runeberg.org/lven1982/0257.html |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=runeberg.org |language=lv}}

In the Sámi languages of Northern Europe, the constellation is identified as the bow of the great hunter Fávdna (the star Arcturus). In the main Sámi language, North Sámi it is called Fávdnadávgi ("Fávdna's bow") or simply dávggát ("the bow"). The constellation features prominently in the Sámi anthem, which begins with the words Guhkkin davvin dávggáid vuolde sabmá suolggai Sámieanan, which translates to "Far to the north, under the Bow, the Land of the Sámi slowly comes into view." The Bow is an important part of the Sámi traditional narrative about the night sky, in which various hunters try to chase down Sarva, the Great Reindeer, a large constellation that takes up almost half the sky. According to the legend, Fávdna stands ready to fire his Bow every night but hesitates because he might hit Stella Polaris, known as Boahji ("the Rivet"), which would cause the sky to collapse and end the world.Naturfagsenteret.no: Stjernehimmelen (https://www.naturfagsenteret.no/c1515376/binfil/download2.php?tid=1509706)

{{no references|section|date=March 2025}}

The Arabic names بَنَاتُ نَعْشٍ الكُبْرَى (Banāt Naʿsh al-Kubrā), بَنُو نَعْشٍ (Banū Naʿsh), and آلُ نَعْشٍ (Āl Naʿsh) refer to the constellation known in Western astronomy as the Big Dipper, which is part of Ursa Major. The term “Banāt Naʿsh” translates to “the daughters of the bier (funeral litter),” reflecting an ancient Arab mythological interpretation of the star pattern. In this context, the four bright stars forming the “bowl” of the Big Dipper represent a funeral bier, while the three stars forming the “handle” symbolize mourners or daughters following behind in a funeral procession. This naming convention is deeply rooted in Arabic oral traditions and ancient Bedouin star lore, where celestial objects were often associated with narratives that mirrored life, death, and human experiences. Such names highlight the rich entomological and mythological traditions of pre-Islamic and early Islamic Arab culture, where stars were used for navigation, storytelling, and timekeeping.

File:Changchun-Temple-Jiazi-Dian-0347.jpg temple, Wuhan]]

In Chinese astronomy and Chinese constellation records, The Big Dipper is called "Beidou" ({{zh|c=北斗|p=Běi Dǒu}}), which literally means Northern Dipper. It refers to an asterism equivalent to the Big Dipper. The Chinese name for Alpha Ursae Majoris is Beidou Yi ({{zh|c=北斗一|p=Běi Dǒu yī|l=Beidou One}}) and Tianshu ({{zh|c=天樞|p=Tiān Shū|l=Star of Celestial Pivot}}).{{cite web |url=http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0606/ap060615.html |title=Beidou |website=AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊 |language=Chinese |date=15 June 2006 |access-date=26 November 2021 |archive-date=2 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102063635/http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0606/ap060615.html |url-status=dead }} The asterism name was mentioned in Warring States period (c. 475–221 BCE) stellar records, in which the asterism is described to have seven stars in the shape of a dipper or a chariot.{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignercn.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5009:gan-and-shis-celestial-book&catid=1:history-and-culture&Itemid=114 |title=Gan and Shi's Celestial Book| website=foreignercn}}{{Failed verification|date=August 2023}}

The Chinese astronomy records were translated to other East Asian cultures in the Sinosphere. The most prominent name is the "Northern Dipper" ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|北斗}}}}) and the "Seven Stars of the Northern Dipper" ({{cjkv|c={{linktext|北斗七星}}|j={{linktext|北斗七星}}|p=Běidǒu Qīxīng|cy=Bak¹-dau² Cat¹-sing¹|r=Hokuto Shichisei|k=북두칠성|rr=Bukdu Chilseong|v=Bắc Đẩu thất tinh}}).{{cite web|url=https://phatgiao.org.vn/tu-dien-phat-hoc-online/bac-dau-that-tinh-k29292.html|title=Tự điển - bắc đẩu thất tinh }}{{cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/128817934_451507 |title=古人对北斗七星的认识 |website=Sohu News |date=14 March 2017 }} In astrology, these stars are generally considered to compose the Right Wall of the Purple Forbidden Enclosure which surrounds the Northern Celestial Pole, although numerous other groupings and names have been made over the centuries. Similarly, each star has a distinct name, which likewise has varied over time and depending upon the asterism being constructed.{{refn|See their individual pages.}} The personification of the Big Dipper itself is also known as "Doumu" ({{lang|zh|斗母}}) in Chinese folk religion and Taoism, and Marici in Buddhism.

In Vietnam, the colloquial name for the asterism is Sao Bánh lái lớn (The Big Rudder Stars), contrasted with Ursa Minor, which is known as Sao Bánh lái nhỏ (The Little Rudder Stars).{{cite book|url=http://vietnamtudien.org/dnqatv/page/a-b.html |title=Đại Nam quấc âm tự vị |language=vi |trans-title=Dictionnaire annamite |date=1895 |first1=Tịnh Của |last1=Huỳnh |quote=Sao bánh lái: "các vì sao chòm, giống hình cái bánh lái ghe" ... – "asterisms which resemble the rudder of a wooden boat."}} Although this name has now been replaced by the Sino-Vietnamese "Bắc Đẩu" in everyday speech, many coastal communities in central and southern Vietnam still refer to the asterism as such and use it to navigate when their fishing vessels return from the sea at night.{{cite news |last1=Phương Giang |title=Về từ nghìn trùng khơi |url=http://baoquangnam.vn/phong-su-ky-su/ve-tu-nghin-trung-khoi-6083.html |access-date=12 May 2020 |work=Báo Quảng Nam |date=6 February 2019 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225041415/http://baoquangnam.vn/phong-su-ky-su/ve-tu-nghin-trung-khoi-6083.html |url-status=dead }}

In Shinto religion, the seven largest stars of Ursa Major belong to Amenominakanushi, the oldest and most powerful of all kami.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

In Malay, it is known as the "Boat Constellation" ({{lang|ms|Buruj Biduk}}); in Indonesian, as the "Canoe Stars" (Bintang Biduk).[http://bahasa.kemdiknas.go.id/kbbi/index.php KBBI] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527102944/http://bahasa.kemdiknas.go.id/kbbi/index.php |date=27 May 2014 }}.

In Burmese, these stars are known as Pucwan Tārā (ပုဇွန် တာရာ, pronounced "bazun taja"). Pucwan (ပုဇွန်) is a general term for a crustacean, such as prawn, shrimp, crab, lobster, etc.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wbjLBQAAQBAJ&q=Pucwan+T%C4%81r%C4%81&pg=PT15|title=How to Read the Solar System: A Guide to the Stars and Planets|last1=Abel|first1=Paul|last2=May|first2=Brian|date=15 January 2015|publisher=Pegasus Books|isbn=978-1-60598-755-2|language=en}}

In Thai, they are known as the "Crocodile Stars" ({{lang|th|ดาวจระเข้}}). 47 Ursae Majoris is also named Chalawan, the mythological crocodile from Thai folklore.{{cite web |url=https://www.nstda.or.th/sci2pub/big-dipper/ |title=ดาวจระเข้ |website=นิตยสารสาระวิทย์ โดย สวทช. |language=Thai |date=19 July 2022 |access-date=6 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913153730/https://www.nstda.or.th/sci2pub/big-dipper/ |archive-date=13 September 2024}}

While its Western name comes from the star pattern's resemblance to a kitchen ladle, in Filipino, the Big Dipper and its sister constellation the Little Dipper are more often associated with the tabo, a one-handled water pot used ubiquitously in Filipino households and bathrooms for purposes of personal hygiene.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

In the earliest Indian astronomy, the Big Dipper was called "the Bear" (Ṛkṣa, {{lang|sa|{{linktext|ऋक्ष}}}}) in the Rigveda, but was later more commonly known by the name of Saptarishi, "Seven Sages."

In Inuit astronomy, the same grouping of stars is referred to as "the Caribou" (Tukturjuit). Many of the stars within the constellation "were used as hour hands on the night sky to indicate hours of the night, or as calendar stars to help determine the date in fall, winter, or spring."{{Cite book|last=Penprase|first=Bryan E.|title=The Power of Stars|publisher=Springer|year=2011|isbn=978-1-4419-6802-9|location=New York, NY|pages=42–46|chapter=Northern Circumpolar Sky from Around the World: The Arctic Inuit Sky}}

The asterism name "Big Dipper" is mostly used in the United States and Canada. However, the origin of the term is disputed.{{cite web|url=https://futurism.com/the-big-dipper-2 |title=The Big Dipper |website=futurism|date=8 April 2014 }} A popular myth claimed the name originated from African-American folk songs; however, a more recent source challenges the authenticity of the claim.{{cite journal | last=Kelley | first=James B. | title=Song, Story, or History: Resisting Claims of a Coded Message in the African American Spiritual "Follow the Drinking Gourd" | journal=The Journal of Popular Culture | publisher=Wiley | volume=41 | issue=2 | year=2008 | issn=0022-3840 | doi=10.1111/j.1540-5931.2008.00502.x | pages=262–280}}

In an 1824 book on the history of the constellations' mythology, {{interlanguage link|Jacob Green (naturalist)|lt=Jacob Green|fr|Jacob Green}} contrasted the "Dipper or Ladle" descriptors used in the United States with "Charles's Wagon or Wain" which were common in England.{{cite book|author=Jacob Green|title=Astronomical recreations, or, Sketches of the relative position and mythological history of the constellations|year=1824|page=xiv|publisher=Anthony Finley|publication-place=Philadelphia|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044013534839&seq=44|access-date=18 August 2023}} Descriptions of "the dipper" appear in American astronomy textbooks throughout the 19th century.{{cite book|author=Amos Pettengill|year=1826|title=A view of the heavens|page=48|url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcmassbookdig.viewofheavens00pett/?sp=50&st=image|access-date=17 August 2023}}{{cite book|author=L. N. Fowler|year=1848|title=Familiar Lessons on Astronomy; Designed for the Use of Children and Youth in Schools and Families|page=115|url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcmassbookdig.familiarlessons00fowl/?sp=127&st=image}}{{cite book|author=Hannah Mary Bouvier|author-link=Hannah Mary Bouvier|title=Bouvier's familiar astronomy; An introduction to the study of the heavens|year=1857|page=213|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101058266113&seq=233|access-date=17 August 2023}}

Within Ursa Major the stars of the Big Dipper have Bayer designations in consecutive Greek alphabetical order from the bowl to the handle.

File:BigdipISS.jpg. Mizar and Alcor are at the upper right.]]

File:The Big Dipper (Ursa Major).jpg

In the same line of sight as Mizar, but about one light-year beyond it, is the star Alcor (80 UMa). Together they are known as the "Horse and Rider". At fourth magnitude, Alcor would normally be relatively easy to see with the unaided eye, but its proximity to Mizar renders it more difficult to resolve, and it has served as a traditional test of sight. Mizar itself has four components and thus enjoys the distinction of being part of an optical binary as well as being the first-discovered telescopic binary (1617) and the first-discovered spectroscopic binary (1889).

File:astro 4D uma rg anim.gif

Five of the stars of the Big Dipper are at the core of the Ursa Major Moving Group. The two at the ends, Dubhe and Alkaid, are not part of the swarm, and are moving in the opposite direction. Relative to the central five, they are moving down and to the right in the map. This will slowly change the Dipper's shape, with the bowl opening up and the handle becoming more bent. In 50,000 years the Dipper will no longer exist as we know it,{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} but be re-formed into a new Dipper facing the opposite way. The stars Alkaid to Phecda will then constitute the bowl, while Phecda, Merak, and Dubhe will be the handle.

File:BigDipper-guide.PNG

Not only are the stars in the Big Dipper easily found themselves, they may also be used as guides to other stars outside of the asterism. Thus it is often the starting point for introducing Northern Hemisphere beginners to the night sky:

• Polaris, the North Star, is found by imagining a line from Merak (β) to Dubhe (α) and then extending it for five times the distance between the two Pointers.
• Extending a line from Megrez (δ) to Phecda (γ), on the inside of the bowl, leads to Regulus (α Leonis) and Alphard (α Hydrae). A mnemonic for this is "A hole in the bowl will leak on Leo."
• Extending a line from Phecda (γ) to Megrez (δ) leads to Thuban (α Draconis), which was the pole star 4,000 years ago.
• Crossing the top of the bowl from Megrez (δ) to Dubhe (α) takes one in the direction of Capella (α Aurigae). A mnemonic for this is "Cap to Capella."
• Castor (α Geminorum) is reached by imagining a diagonal line from Megrez (δ) to Merak (β) and then extending it for approximately five times that distance.
• By following the curve of the handle from Alioth (ε) to Mizar (ζ) to Alkaid (η), one reaches Arcturus (α Boötis) and Spica (α Virginis). A mnemonic for this is "Arc to Arcturus then speed (or spike) to Spica."
• Projecting a line from Alkaid (η) through the pole star will point to Cassiopeia.

Additionally, the Dipper may be used as a guide to telescopic objects:

• The approximate location of the Hubble Deep Field can be found by following a line from Phecda (γ) to Megrez (δ) and continuing on for the same distance again.
• Crossing the bowl diagonally from Phecda (γ) to Dubhe (α) and proceeding onward for a similar stretch leads to the bright galaxy pair M81 and M82.
• Two spectacular spiral galaxies flank Alkaid (η), the Pinwheel (M101) to the north and the Whirlpool (M51) to the south.

The "Seven Stars" referenced in the Bible's Book of AmosAmos 5:8. may refer to these stars or, more likely, to the Pleiades.

Whilst the Arabs recognised the larger constellation of Ursa Major as being a bear, perhaps due to Greek influence, they had traditionally always recognised the Big Dipper and Ursa Minor as being counterparts. Both were imagined as funeral processions with the ladle of either seen as a coffin and its handle as a train of mourners. The Big Dipper is known as banāt an-na'sh al-kubrā meaning literally "the greater daughters of the bier". However daughters here means those pertaining to it, i.e. the mourners and thus is better translated as "the greater funeral procession", whilst Ursa Minor is known as "the lesser funeral procession". There is also a legend that the body on the bier is the father of those following it, who was killed by Polaris and whom the funeral procession is in pursuit of. {{ cite web|title=Lane's Lexicon Arabic to English p. 2816|url=https://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_2816.pdf/#}}

In traditional Hindu astronomy, the seven stars of the Big Dipper are identified with the names of the Saptarshi.

In addition, the asterism has also been used in corporate logos{{cite book

| title = Brandsimple: how the best brands keep it simple and succeed

| page = [https://archive.org/details/brandsimple00alle/page/101 101]

| author = Allen P. Adamson

| author2 = Martin Sorrell

| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan

| year = 2007

| isbn = 978-1-4039-8490-6

| url = https://archive.org/details/brandsimple00alle/page/101

}} For an example see Iridium Satellite LLC. and the Alaska flag.

The seven stars on a red background of the Flag of the Community of Madrid, Spain, are the stars of the Big Dipper Asterism. The same can be said about the seven stars pictured in the bordure azure of the Coat of arms of Madrid, capital city of Spain.{{cite book

| title = Declaración de las armas de Madrid

| author = Juan López-de-Hoyos

| publisher = El Observatorio D.L. (1995)

| year = 1583

| isbn = 84-86353-43-2

| url = http://catalogo.rebiun.org/rebiun/record/Rebiun15340514

}} Read the exact paragraph in which this issue is described in the Spanish version of coat of arms of Madrid.

The asterism's prominence on the north of the night sky produced the adjective "septentrional" (literally, pertaining to seven plow oxen) in Romance languages and English, meaning "Northern [Hemisphere]".

"Follow the Drinkin' Gourd" is an African American folk song first published in 1928. The "Drinkin' Gourd" is thought to refer to the Big Dipper. Folklore has it that escaped southern slaves in the United States used the Big Dipper as a point of reference to go north.{{cite web|url=http://www.followthedrinkinggourd.org/Collection_Story.htm |title= Collection Story | work=Follow the Drinking Gourd: A Cultural History|author=Joel Bresler|publisher=followthedrinkinggourd.org|access-date=18 June 2011}}{{cite web|url=http://www.osblackhistory.com/drinkinggourd.php | title=Follow the Drinking Gourd | publisher= Owen Sound's Black History | access-date = 18 June 2011}}

A mythological origin of the asterism was described in a children's story which circulated in the United States in various versions.{{cite book|author=Sara Eliza Witse|year=1885|title=Stories for kindergartens and primary Schools|pages=62–67|url=https://archive.org/details/storiesforkinder00wiltrich/page/62/mode/2up|access-date=17 August 2023}}{{cite book|author=Carolyn Sherwin Bailey|author-link=Carolyn Sherwin Bailey|year=1906|title=For the Children's Hour|pages=132–133 |url=https://archive.org/details/forchildrenshou03bailgoog/page/n138/mode/2up|access-date=17 August 2023}} A version of this story taken from the pacifist magazine Herald of Peace was translated into Russian and incorporated into Leo Tolstoy's compilation A Calendar of Wisdom.{{cite book|author=Leo Tolstoy|author-link=Leo Tolstoy|title=The Pathway of Life|pages=102–103 |url=https://archive.org/details/pathwayoflife02tolsiala/page/102/mode/2up|access-date=17 August 2023|year=1919}}{{cite book|author=Peter Sekirin|year=2000|isbn=9780310223672|title=Divine and Human and Other Stories|page=20|publisher=Zondervan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U12TTr6qSxIC&pg=PT21|access-date=17 August 2023}}

The Constellation was also used on the flag of the Italian Regency of Carnaro within the Ouroboros.

In the Disney cartoon "Gravity Falls", the main protagonist Dipper Pines's nickname came from the birthmark on his forehead, which takes the shape of the Big Dipper constellation.Revealed in Season 1, Episode 7 of Gravity Falls, "Double Dipper".

{{Gallery

|title=Cultural depictions of the Big Dipper

|width=150 | height=150

|align=center

|noborder=yes

|File:Starry Plough flag (with fringe).svg

|The Starry Plough, used by Irish nationalists and Irish leftists.

|File:Flag of Alaska.svg

|The flag of Alaska, showing the Big Dipper and Polaris.

|File:Labaro Reggenza Italiana del Carnaro.svg

|Flag of the former unrecognized state of the Italian Regency of Carnaro.

|File:Shield and Coat of Arms of Madrid City (c.1212-1222).svg

|The historical coat of arms of Madrid, showing either the small or big dipper on a bear.

|File:Great shield of arms of Sweden.svg

|The coat of arms of Sweden, showing Big Dipper above the Napoleonic Eagle.

|File:Coglais District Flag.svg

|Flag of Coglais, a traditional district of Brittany.{{cite web |url=https://www.geobreizh.bzh/drapeaux-des-pays-traditionnels-de-bretagne/ |title=Flags of the traditional countries of Brittany |author= |date= 22 May 2020|work=Geobreizh.bzh |access-date=9 December 2024}}

|File:Flag of the Missile General Bureau (North Korea).svg

|The flag of the Missile Administration of North Korea, showing Big Dipper on hoist side.

|Logo of NATA in DPRK.png

|The logo of the National Aerospace Technology Administration of North Korea.

}}

• Abenaki mythology
• Amenominakanushi
• Apkallu
• Beidou - Chinese global satellite navigation system named after the Big Dipper
• Saptarishi
• Seven Sages of Greece
• Swastika symbols
• Taidi

{{Reflist}}

{{Portal bar|Astronomy|Stars|Outer space}}

Category:Asterisms (astronomy)

Category:Ursa Major