Bisoid languages

The Bisoid languages are:

{{div col}}

• Bantang
• Bisu (mBisu, Pisu)
• Cantan
• Cauho
• Cốông
• Habei (Mani)
• Khongsat (Suma)
• Laomian
• Laopan
• Laopin
• Laoseng
• Phongku (Phu Lawa)
• Phongset
• Phunoi
• Phunyot
• Pyen (Phen)
• Sangkong
• Sinsali (Singsili)
• Tsukong

{{div col end}}

David Bradley (2007)Bradley, David. 2007. "East and Southeast Asia." In Moseley, Christopher (ed.), Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 349-424. London & New York: Routledge. considers the following Bisoid dialects to be closely related.

• Bisu: 500 ethnic members in northern Thailand, with far fewer speakers
• Hpyin (Pyen): already reported as moribund in 1900, and replaced by Lahu
• Laomian: 4,000 speakers (out of 5,000 ethnic members) in central Lancang County
• Laopin: fewer than 1,000 speakers (out of 1,300 ethnic members) in Menghai County
• {{IPA|law33 pan11}} (Lao-Pan in Kingsada (1999))

Bradley (2007) lists the following Sinsali (formerly Phunoi) languages, which differ from each other.

• Sinsali proper
• {{IPA|pʰɔŋ33 ku55}} (Phongku in Kingsada (1999))
• {{IPA|law21 sɛŋ21}} (Laoseng in Kingsada (1999))
• {{IPA|pi33 su44}} (Bisu)

Other Bisoid languages include:

• Phongset ({{IPA|pʰoŋ33 set55}}) (Shintani 2001)
• Phunyot ({{IPA|pʰu21 ɲɔt11}}) (Kato 2008)

Kitjapol Udomkool (2006:34),Udomkool, Kitjapol. 2006. [http://ic.payap.ac.th/graduate/linguistics/theses/Kitjapol_Thesis.pdf A phonological comparison of selected Bisoid varieties] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526131622/http://ic.payap.ac.th/graduate/linguistics/theses/Kitjapol_Thesis.pdf |date=2015-05-26 }}. M.A. dissertation. Chiang Mai: Payap University. citing data from Wright,Wright, Pamela Sue. n.d. Singsali (Phunoi) Speech Varieties Of Phongsali Province. m.s. also lists the following Bisoid (Phunoi) languages.

• Tsukong [{{IPA|tsu33 kɔŋ33}}] (China): close to Cốông
• Cauho [{{IPA|cau33 ho33}}] (Laos): divergent
• Bantang [{{IPA|ban33 taŋ33}}] (Laos): divergent
• Cantan [{{IPA|can33 tan33}}] (Laos): close to Sinsali

Kitjapol Udomkool (2006) gives the following computational classification for the Bisoid (Phunoi) group, using the UPGMA method.

{{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Mpi

|label2=Bisoid

|2={{clade

|1=Bantang

|2={{clade

|1=Cauho

|2={{clade

|1=Tsukong, Cốông

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Phongku

|2={{clade

|1=Cantan

|2={{clade

|1=Sinsali

|2=Laoseng, Phongset

}}

}}

}}

}}

|2={{clade

|1=Laopan

|2={{clade

|1=Bisu, Pyen

|2=Laopin, Laomian

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

Wright (n.d.) tentatively classifies the Singsali (Phunoi) languages of Phongsaly Province, Laos as follows. Phongku may or may not belong as the same group as Laoseng, Phongset, Cantan, and Singsali.

{{tree list}}

• Bantang
• Cauho
• Laopan
• {{tree list/branching}}
• Phongku (?)
• Laoseng
• Phongset
• Cantan, Singsali

{{tree list/end}}

Bisoid languages were also analyzed in a 2016 computational phylogenetic lexical analysis by Hsiu (2016).Hsiu, Andrew. 2016. [http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1127810 The classification of Cosao: a Lolo-Burmese language of China and Laos]. Presented at the 22nd Himalayan Languages Symposium, Guwahati, India.

{{tree list}}

• Bisoid
• Khongsat
• Laoseng
• Sangkong
• Pyen
• {{tree list/branching}}
• Lao-Pan
• Bisu
• Phunoi
• Phongset
• Phongku (Phu-Lawa)
• Phunyot

{{tree list/end}}

The Bisoid classification above was subsequently revised by Hsiu (2018)Hsiu, Andrew. 2018. [https://sites.google.com/site/msealangs/home/blog/lolo-burmese Classifications of some lesser-known Lolo-Burmese languages]. as follows, with Habei added to Bisoid.

;Bisoid

• Bisu cluster: Bisu, Laomian, Laopin, Pyen, Laopan
• Singsali cluster: Phunoi, Singsali, Cantan, Laoseng, Phongku, Phongset, Phunyot
• Coong cluster: Cốông, Sangkong, Tsukong
• Cauho
• Bantang
• Khongsat
• Habei (Mani)

Muda is also noted as having a Bisoid substratum and Akha superstratum. Khongsat and Laoseng have Siloid loanwords.

{{reflist}}

• Lama, Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan (2012), Subgrouping of Nisoic (Yi) Languages, thesis, University of Texas at Arlington ([https://www.webcitation.org/6AdB9D07H?url=https://dspace.uta.edu/bitstream/handle/10106/11161/Lama_uta_2502D_11591.pdf archived])
• Kingsadā, Thō̜ngphet, and Tadahiko Shintani. 1999 Basic Vocabularies of the Languages Spoken in Phongxaly, Lao P.D.R. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
• Shintani, Tadahiko, Ryuichi Kosaka, and Takashi Kato. 2001. Linguistic Survey of Phongxaly, Lao P.D.R. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
• Kato, Takashi. 2008. Linguistic Survey of Tibeto-Burman languages in Lao P.D.R. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
• Tun, Maung Maung. 2014. [http://inter.payap.ac.th/wp-content/uploads/linguistics_students/Maung_Maung_Tun_Thesis.pdf A Sociolinguistic Survey of Selected Bisoid Varieties: Pyen, Laomian and Laopin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502150816/http://inter.payap.ac.th/wp-content/uploads/linguistics_students/Maung_Maung_Tun_Thesis.pdf |date=2020-05-02 }}. Master's thesis.

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}

{{Lolo-Burmese languages}}