Southern Loloish languages

{{Main article|Phongsaly Province#Languages}}

The branches included in Lama (2012), with languages from Bradley (2007), are:

{{clade

|label1=Hanoish

|1={{clade

|1=Jinuo

|2={{clade

|label1=Bisoid

|1={{clade

|1=Cốông

|2={{clade

|1=Sangkong

|2=Bisu (Laomian), Phunoi (Singsali, Singsili), Pyen

}}

}}

|2={{clade

|label1=Hanoid

|1={{clade

|1=Sila (Sida), Phana’

|2={{clade

|1=Akeu (Chepya)

|2=Hani (Akha–Hani, Honi)

}}

}}

|label2=Bi-Ka

|2={{clade

|1=Piyo, Enu, Mpi

|2=Kaduo

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

Hanoid in Lama (2012) is alternatively called Akoid in Bradley (2007), who recognizes the Hani-Akha and Haoni-Baihong languages as part of the Akoid group.

Other Southern Loloish languages are:

• Muda
• Paza (Phusang), a recently discovered language of northern Laos related to Sila{{cite web |url=http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/numeral/Paza.htm |title=Paza |website=lingweb.eva.mpg.de |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229231828/http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/numeral/Paza.htm |archive-date=2010-12-29}}
• Bana or BalaBradley, David (2007). "Language Endangerment in China and Mainland Southeast Asia". In Matthias Brenzinger, ed. Language diversity endangered. New York: Mouton de Gruyter. in Laos. Speakers are included in the Kaw (Akha) ethnic group. The language is now being replaced by other larger languages such as Akha and Lahu.
• Suobi 梭比, spoken in Yinyuan Township 因远镇, Yuanjiang County
• Nuobi 糯比, closely related to Suobi
• Cosao, a Southern Loloish language closely related to Khir
• Yiche 奕车, spoken in Honghe County

Kato (2008) also documents:

• Muteun ({{IPA|mɔ21 tɯ21}})
• Khongsat ({{IPA|su55 ma33}})
• Khir ({{IPA|la21 ja21}})

Other Southern Loloish language varieties in south-central Yunnan include Bukong 布孔, Budu 布都,中国少数民族社会历史调查资料丛刊》修订编辑委员会. 2009. 哈尼族社会历史调查, p.94, 99. Beijing: Minzu Chubanshe. Asuo 阿梭, Duota 堕塔,Jiangcheng County Gazetteer (1989:351) Amu 阿木, Lami 腊米, Qiedi 切弟, Kabie 卡别,Jiang Ying [蒋颖], Cui Xia [崔霞], Qiao Xiang [乔翔]. 2009. A study of Ximoluo [西摩洛语研究]. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社]. Woni 窝尼, Duoni 多尼, and Habei 哈备. Habei is unclassified within Southern Loloish.

A 2016 computational phylogenetic lexical analysis by Hsiu (2016)Hsiu, Andrew. 2016. [https://zenodo.org/record/1127810 The classification of Cosao: a Lolo-Burmese language of China and Laos]. Presented at the 22nd Himalayan Languages Symposium, Guwahati, India. {{doi|10.5281/zenodo.1127809}} distinguished the following five branches of Southern Loloish, providing further support for the Hanoid (Akoid) and Bisoid branches in Lama (2012) and Bradley (2007). A new Siloid branch was added.

1. Hanoid
2. Bisoid
3. Siloid
4. Bi-Ka (?)
5. Jinuo

{{tree list}}

• Southern Loloish
• Hanoid
• Ko-Pala, Ko-Luma
• (core branch)
• Hani languages
• Hani
• Haoni (of Shuigui), Baihong, Suobi
• Akha
• Muteun
• (branch)
• Akha-Nukui, Ko-Phuso
• Ko-Puli
• Ko-Chipia
• Ko-Eupa
• Ko-Nyau
• Ko-Oma
• Bisoid
• Khongsat
• Laoseng
• Sangkong
• Pyen
• (core branch)
• Lao-Pan
• Bisu
• Phunoi
• Phongset
• Phongku (Phu-Lawa)
• Phunyot
• Siloid
• Wanyä
• (core branch)
• Phusang
• Khir, Cosao
• Sila (Sida)
• Bi-Ka
• Jinuo

{{tree list/end}}

The Southern Loloish tree above was subsequently revised by Hsiu (2018)Hsiu, Andrew. 2018. [https://sites.google.com/site/msealangs/home/blog/lolo-burmese Classifications of some lesser-known Lolo-Burmese languages]. as follows, with 6 subgroups included.

{{tree list}}

• Southern Loloish
• Hani-Akha
• Hanoid: Hani, Nuomei, Nuobi, Lami, Luomian, Angluo, Guohe, Guozuo, Gehuo, Yiche, Qidi, Kabie, Haoni cluster (Haoni, Woni, Baihong, Bukong, Budu, Suobi, Duoni, Duota, Asuo, Amu)
• Akoid: Nukui, Phuso, Puli, Chepya, Eupa, Nyau, Oma, Chicho, Ulo, Muteun, Muda, etc.
• Bi-Ka
• Biyue, Enu
• Kaduo
• Siloid
• Luma, Pala
• Akeu, Gokhy
• Wanyä (Muchi)
• Sila cluster: Sila, Sida, Paza (Phusang), Khir, Cosao, Phana
• Bisoid
• Bisu cluster: Bisu, Laomian, Laopin, Pyen, Laopan
• Singsali cluster: Phunoi, Singsali, Cantan, Laoseng, Phongku, Phongset, Phunyot
• Coong cluster: Cốông, Sangkong, Tsukong
• Cauho
• Bantang
• Khongsat
• Habei (Mani)
• Mpi
• Jino

{{tree list/end}}

Hsiu (2018) considers the Hani-Akha and Bi-Ka subgroups to be part of a northern linkage in south-central Yunnan, while the Siloid, Bisoid, Jino, and Mpi subgroups are part of a southern linkage in the China-Laos border region.

Lama (2012) lists the following changes from Proto-Loloish as Hanoish innovations.

• *m- → zero /__[u] (Hani and Haoni)
• *kh- > x- (Hani and Haoni)
• *N- > NC or C (nasal hardening rule in Bisu and Sangkong)
• Reversed order of syllables (family-wide)

{{reflist}}

• Bradley, David. 2007. East and Southeast Asia. In Moseley, Christopher (ed.), Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 349-424. London & New York: Routledge.
• Lama, Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan (2012), Subgrouping of Nisoic (Yi) Languages, thesis, University of Texas at Arlington ([https://www.webcitation.org/6AdB9D07H?url=https://dspace.uta.edu/bitstream/handle/10106/11161/Lama_uta_2502D_11591.pdf archived])
• Kingsadā, Thō̜ngphet, and Tadahiko Shintani. 1999 Basic Vocabularies of the Languages Spoken in Phongxaly, Lao P.D.R. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
• Shintani, Tadahiko, Ryuichi Kosaka, and Takashi Kato. 2001. Linguistic Survey of Phongxaly, Lao P.D.R. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
• Kato, Takashi. 2008. Linguistic Survey of Tibeto-Burman languages in Lao P.D.R. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}

{{Lolo-Burmese languages}}