CEA Paris-Saclay

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| caption = East entrance of Saclay site of CEA Paris-Saclay center

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| formation = {{start date and age|1946|03|01}}

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| board_of_directors = Hervé Barbelin {{small|(2024–present)}}

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| parent_organization = French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)

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| formerly = CEA Saclay center (+ separate sites)

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The CEA Paris-Saclay center is one of nine centers belonging to the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). Following a reorganization in 2017, the center consists of multiple sites, including the CEA Saclay site (formerly a "center"), the Fontenay-aux-Roses site and the sites of Paris, Évry, Orsay and Caen.{{cite web | title=Institutionnel Plans d'accès | website=CEA.fr | date=2020-08-21 | url=https://www.cea.fr/paris-saclay/Pages/informations-pratiques/plan-acces.aspx | language=fr | access-date=2023-12-09}}

Historically, as the main Saclay site was the heart of French nuclear research it was called Saclay Nuclear Research Center prior to the shift towards other fields of research and innovation besides nuclear.{{cite web |title=Du génie nucléaire au génie biologique |url=https://fontenay-aux-roses.cea.fr/far/Pages/Le-centre/histoire.aspx |access-date=3 October 2023|language=French}}{{Cite book|last=Rayner-Canham, Marelene F.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/191818978|title=A Devotion to Their Science: Pioneer Women of Radioactivity|date=1997|publisher=Chemical Heritage Foundation|isbn=978-0-7735-6658-3|location=Philadelphia, Pa.|pages=97–123|oclc=191818978}}

The center has close ties with Paris-Saclay University, being located on the Saclay plateau and active in the Paris-Saclay project for innovation.

Organization

{{Location map many | France Île-de-France

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| caption = 5 of the 6 sites of CEA Paris-Saclay, in the Île-de-France region of France

| alt = map of Île-de-France with markers on each site of CEA Paris-Saclay

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| label3 = Fontenay

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| label4 = Évry

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Since February 2017, various sites were grouped together to the CEA Paris-Saclay center, including{{url|https://fontenay-aux-roses.cea.fr/far/Pages/Le-centre/histoire.aspx}}

Saclay site (formerly a "center")
Fontenay-aux-Roses site
Paris site
Évry site (Genoscope)
Orsay site (Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, SHFJ){{url|https://joliot.cea.fr/drf/joliot/en/Pages/research_entities/SHFJ/Presentation.aspx}}
Caen site (GANIL and {{ill|Centre de recherche sur les ions, les matériaux et la photonique|lt=CIMAP|fr|Centre de recherche sur les ions, les matériaux et la photonique}}){{cite web |title=CIMAP - Presentation (English) |url=https://cimap.ensicaen.fr/spip.php?article1&lang=fr |website=cimap.ensicaen.fr |access-date=28 December 2023}}

History

On 10 October 1945, Charles de Gaulle launched the CEA. In 1946, the Fontenay-aux-Roses site was realized, followed by the Saclay site 6 years later in 1952. The Saclay site, located 20 km south of Paris on the Saclay plateau, is much bigger and was chosen in part to be close to Université Paris-Sud (which today is part of Paris-Saclay University).

{{cite web |url=https://www.cea.fr/paris-saclay/Pages/CEA-Paris-Saclay/histoire/histoire-de-saclay.aspx |title=Histoire du site CEA de Saclay : Le plus grand centre de recherche en Europe |last= |first= |date=2022-11-25 |website= |publisher= |access-date=2023-10-08 |quote=}}

The Saclay site was designed by the architect Auguste Perret.{{cite web |title=CEA de Saclay: le palais de la science d'Auguste Perret |url=http://www.savoirs.essonne.fr/dossiers/le-patrimoine/architecture/cea-de-saclay-le-palais-de-la-science-dauguste-perret/complement/resources/ |access-date=28 October 2022 |language=French}}

Research

The complex employs more than 7,500 scientists. Although CEA Saclay was initially focused on nuclear research, multiple domains of research are carried out there since a few decades back. These include:{{cite web |title=CEA Paris-Saclay : Domaines de recherche |url=https://www.cea.fr/paris-saclay |website=cea.fr |access-date=29 December 2023}}

Low-carbon energies
Climate and environment
Matter and universe
Health and life sciences
Technology for industry

=Reactors=

The Saclay site has been home to multiple nuclear research reactors, including the {{ill|Osiris (reactor)|fr|Osiris (réacteur)|lt=Osiris}}, {{ill|Isis (reactor)|fr|Isis (réacteur)|lt=Isis}} and {{ill|Orphée (reactor)|fr|Orphée (réacteur)|lt=Orphée}} reactors.

The Osiris and Isis reactors (operated between 1965–2019{{cite web|url=https://www.asn.fr/tout-sur-l-asn/l-asn-en-region/ile-de-france/osiris-isis|lang=fr|publisher=Authority on Nuclear Safety [Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire]|title=Osiris-Isis|access-date=28 March 2024|date=25 May 2023}}) inspired the design of Iraq's {{ill|Osirak (reactor)|fr|Osirak|lt=Osirak}} facility.Ramberg, Bennett. Nuclear Power Plants as Weapons for the Enemy: An Unrecognized Military Peril. University of California Press, 1985. p. xvii.Cordesman, Anthony H. Iraq and the War of Sanctions: Conventional Threats and Weapons of Mass Destruction. Praeger, 1999. p. 605. Multiple bacterial species were discovered to thrive in those reactor cores during operation, and may have fed off hydrogen from radiolysis.{{cite journal|journal=Microorganisms|date=Dec 2020|issue=8|volume=12|pages=1857–|doi=10.3390/microorganisms8121857|pmc=7760952|title=Direct Meta-Analyses Reveal Unexpected Microbial Life in the Highly Radioactive Water of an Operating Nuclear Reactor Core|first1=Pauline C. M.|last1=Petit|first2=Olivier|last2=Pible|first3=Valérie|last3=Van Eesbeeck|first4=Claude|last4=Alban|first5=Gérard|last5=Steinmetz|first6=Mohamed|last6=Mysara|first7=Pieter|last7=Monsieurs|first8=Jean|last8=Armengaud|first9=Corinne|last9=Rivasseau|doi-access=free|pmid=33255667 }}

Notable subsidiaries

National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology (INSTN), which is dedicated to the academic and professional training in the field of atomic energy.
{{ill|Saclay Institute of Matter and Radiation|qid=Q30299471|short=1}} (IRAMIS), which houses the {{ill|Lasers, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory|qid=Q30262349|short=1}} (LIDyL) joint research unit where both Anne L'Huillier and Pierre Agostini attained breakthroughs in attosecond lasers, leading to their Nobel prize share in 2023.
NeuroSpin is a neuroimaging research center with some of the most powerful MRI machines in the world

Director of the site

Hervé Barbelin (2024–present){{cite web |title=Organigramme du CEA - 15 Juillet 2024 |url=https://www.cea.fr/documents/organigramme.pdf |access-date=2024-07-21}}
Christian Bailly (2021–2024)[https://www.linkedin.com/in/christian-bailly https://www.linkedin.com/in/christian-bailly]
Michel Bédoucha (2016–2021){{Cite web |last= |date=2016-07-04 |title=Michel Bédoucha, nouveau directeur du centre CEA de Saclay |url=https://www.cea.fr/presse/Pages/actualites-communiques/institutionnel/michel-bedoucha-nouveau-directeur-du-centre-cea-de-saclay.aspx |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=CEA/Presse & Médias |language=fr}}[https://www.linkedin.com/in/michel-bedoucha-b0645511a https://www.linkedin.com/in/michel-bedoucha-b0645511a]
Jacques Vayron (2012–2016){{cite web |title=Michel Bédoucha: a new Director for the CEA Saclay Center |url=https://www.cea.fr/english/Pages/News/Michel-B%C3%A9doucha-a-new-Director-for-the-CEA-Saclay-Center-.aspx |website=cea.fr |access-date=28 December 2023 |date=1 July 2016}}
Yves Caristan (2005–2012)
Jean-Pierre Pervès (2000–2005)
Eliane Loquet (1993–2000)
Jean Bazin (1990–1993)
Paul Delpeyroux (–1990)
...
{{ill|Jean Debiesse|fr}} (1954–1970)
Jules Guéron (1951)

People

Jules Guéron, first director of the CEA's nuclear research center
Jean-Baptiste Waldner, alumnus
Étienne Klein, physicist, philosopher of science, author, and radio host
Anne L'Huillier, ultra-fast laser physics, 2023 Nobel laureate in physics
Pierre Agostini, pioneer of strong-field laser physics, 2023 Nobel laureate in physics
Valérie Masson-Delmotte, climate scientist, co-chair of Working Group 1 of the IPCC

References

External links

[http://www-centre-saclay.cea.fr/en Official website of Saclay in English]

Category:French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission

Category:Nuclear history of France

Category:Nuclear research institutes in France