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Cable ferry#United Kingdom

{{short description|Ferry that is guided and propelled by cables}}

{{About|boats using a cable or chain to cross rivers|boats using a chain to travel along a river|Chain boat}}

File:Cable Ferry.jpg

File:Pohon přívozu Kazín.jpg

File:Adelsöleden febr 2016B.webm and Adelsö, Sweden]]

File:Linfärjan Vaxholm 01.jpg, Sweden]]

A cable ferry (including the types chain ferry, swing ferry, floating bridge, or punt) is a ferry that is guided (and in many cases propelled) across a river or large body of water by cables connected to both shores. Early cable ferries often used either rope or steel chains, with the latter resulting in the alternative name of chain ferry. Both of these were largely replaced by wire cable by the late 19th century.

Types

File:Sackville ferry gnangarra-21.jpg in New South Wales, Australia]]

Cable ferries can be typified by their size and construction, their usage (passenger, animal, vehicle) and requirements (length of crossing, amount of other shipping), their cables (wire rope, chain, or both), and their propulsion (water current, engine, manual).

The choice of cable depends partially on the requirements of the crossing but also on the historical context. For example, the numerous cable ferries across Australian and Canadian rivers seem to use wire rope exclusively, whereas the older crossings across busy tidal rivers in England all use chain. In Germany, several river crossings were originally reaction ferries and later kept a wire rope for holding position but introduced a chain for propulsion.{{cite web |last1=Schmidt |first1=Theo |title=Efficiency of Cable Ferries – Part 3 |url=https://hupi.org/HPeJ/0034/0034.html |website=hupi.org |publisher=Human Power eJournal |access-date=2024-01-04 |ref=hpej}}

The reaction ferry uses the power of the river to tack across the current; the powered cable ferry uses engines or electric motors (e.g., the Canby Ferry in the U.S. State of Oregon) to wind itself across; or is hand-operated, such as the Stratford-upon-Avon chain ferry in the UK and the Saugatuck Chain Ferry in Saugatuck, Michigan, United States.

Powered cable ferries use powered wheels or drums on board the vessel to pull itself along by the cables. The chains or wire ropes can be used with a sufficient amount of slack to allow sinking below the surface as the ferry moves away, allowing other vessels to pass without becoming snared or trapped. Chain ferries in strong tidal currents use two chains, those in inland rivers often only one chain on the upstream side. Some cable ferries use a wire rope on the upstream side in order to hold the position and a chain on the downstream side for propulsion.

A special type are electrically powered overhead-cable ferries like Straussee Ferry, which have an onboard propulsion unit and can float free, but are connected to the overhead wire for the power supply, using an electrical cable that slides along the cable as the ferry moves.

A very rare type are cable-ferries that are not propelled by themselves but rather are pulled from land side. An example of such a cable ferry was the Kungälv – Fästningsholmen ferry in Sweden.{{Cite web |title=Schweden Fährstellen |url=http://www.fjordfaehren.de/ssf/s_faehrstellen.htm |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=fjordfaehren.de}}{{Cite web |title=Schweden und Finnland |url=http://www.fjordfaehren.de/ssf/foto/webbilder/kungaelv.htm |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=fjordfaehren.de}} Today, the Jonen ferry in the Netherlands is pulled by a winch on the banks. These cable ferries can be operated electrically without having to provide electricity by rechargeable batteries or an overhead wire. Saving the weight of the engine on board, these ferries can also be operated using less energy.

Two or more ferries can be provided in order to increase availability and capacity and as a backup during maintenance, as with the Torpoint Ferry.

History

File:Marion Post Wolcott - Old cable ferry between Camden and Gees Bend, Alabama.jpg, 1939]]

Cable ferries have probably been used to cross rivers and similar bodies of water since before recorded history. Examples of ferry routes using this technology date back to the 13th century (Hampton Ferry in England).

In 1831 James Meadows Rendel introduced chain ferries worked by steam and in 1832 constructed one crossing the Dart at Dartmouth. Between 1832 and 1836 similar chain ferries were implemented between Torpoint and Saltash across the Tamar, and between Woolston and Southampton across the Itchen. The Woolston Floating Bridge switched from chains to wire ropes between 1878 and 1887 and was replaced by a bridge in 1977.

In the early 1900s, Canadian engineer William Pitt designed an underwater cable ferry in New Brunswick, which would later be installed on the Kennebecasis River in order to connect the Kingston Peninsula to the Kennebecasis Valley.{{cite web | title = Ferry tale: How cable ferries became a way of life in southern N.B. | url = https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/nb-ferry-schedule-times-1.6990528 | access-date = November 30, 2023 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231122234536/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/nb-ferry-schedule-times-1.6990528 | archive-date = November 22, 2023 }} There are now eight cable ferries along the Saint John River system in southern New Brunswick. In Canada a cable ferry is proposed to transport automobiles across the Ottawa River in Ontario. There are several in British Columbia: two on the Fraser, one at Lytton, one at Big Bar (reaction ferries), three on Arrow Lakes. A suspended cable ferry worked until the 1980s in Boston Bar. A small seasonal reaction ferry carries cars across the Rivière des Prairies from Laval, Quebec (Sainte-Dorothée neighbourhood) to Île Bizard (part of Montreal).

Cable ferries were particularly prominent in early transportation in the Sacramento Delta of California. Dozens of cable ferries operated on the Columbia River in the US northwest, and most have been rendered obsolete by bridges. A suspended cable ferry for railway cars crossed the American River in Northern California.

Most of the road crossings of the Murray River in South Australia are cable ferries operated by the state government using diesel engines. The platforms at the ends can be moved up or down according to the water level. At one time, cable ferries were a primary means of automobile transportation in New South Wales in Australia. In Tasmania, for a century before 1934, the Risdon Punt at Hobart was the only fixed method of crossing the Derwent River within Hobart city limits.

In the fishing village of Tai O on Lantau Island, Hong Kong, the Tai O Ferry (橫水渡) crossed the Tai O River before a bascule bridge was built.{{cite web |last1=Ng |first1=Joyce |title=Last operator happy hand-pulled Tai O ferry may return to service |url=https://www.scmp.com/article/687845/last-operator-happy-hand-pulled-tai-o-ferry-may-return-service |website=South China Morning Post |publisher=South China Morning Post Publishers Ltd. |access-date=1 September 2020 |date=25 July 2009}}

The largest and busiest cable ferry is the Torpoint Ferry in Plymouth, England. It was first converted to cable operation in 1831 and currently operates 3 ferries, carrying 8000 vehicles per day.{{cite web |title=Another Torpoint Ferry will be out of service for two months |url=https://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/news/plymouth-news/another-torpoint-ferry-out-service-2625080 |website=Plymouth Herald |date=8 March 2019 |access-date=8 March 2019}}{{cite web |title=Webcams |url=http://www.tamarcrossings.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=49617 |website=Torpoint Ferry |access-date=30 August 2019}}

The longest cable ferry link is MV Baynes Sound Connector south of Courtenay, British Columbia, Canada with a length of 1961.48 metres.[https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/407955-longest-cable-ferry]

Ownership

The earliest punts were privately owned by local landowners, and charged a toll. As governments started to build roads, they started to build and operate punts as required. Private punts might be bought out, or made to impose more standard tolls.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4834861 |title=ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. |newspaper=The Argus |location=Melbourne |date=7 April 1856 |access-date=7 June 2012 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}}

Energy requirements

The energy needed for operating cable ferries is in general especially small, as the crossing distances are mostly short, the speeds low, and there is almost no maneuvering. Whereas a free ferry is especially inefficient when starting off or moving slowly against a current or wind, a cable ferry is more or less rigidly connected to the ground with side forces held by the cable(s).

As the frictional drag of a displacement hull decreases with about the third power of the speed, even the smallest amount of power can effect movement with enough leverage or if suitably geared down. The majority of the world's cable ferries are indeed manually propelled either with a crank turning a chain wheel or by pulling directly on a cable. For example, the Saugatuck Chain Ferry taking up to 24 passengers is cranked by a single person at about 0.3 m/s. The former cable ferry at Malgas in South Africa even carried several cars, pulled by a couple of men at a slow walking speed. Ferries of this size that were hand-operated, such as the Reedham Ferry, have since been motorised in order to reduce the level of hard work and increase the speed. For these and other ferries of up to 20 t or so displacement, typical installed motor power in kilowatts ranges from single figures to low double figures. For example, the 22 meter, 22 tonne Pritzerbe Ferry has 23 kW installed. This allows comparison with free ferries. The motor ferry "Luise" on the Wannsee near Berlin, of similar tonnage, size and construction, has 290 kW installed.{{cite web |last1=Schmidt |first1=Theo |title=Efficiency of Cable Ferries – Part 1 |url=https://hupi.org/HPeJ/0032/0032.html |website=hupi.org |publisher=Human Power eJournal |access-date=2024-01-07 |ref=hpej}}

With electric drive the installed power requirements are reduced further. A very low-power installation is in the chain ferry Föri for up to 75 passengers. It uses battery-supplied twin electric motors. The average power during continuous operation (crossing two minutes and docking one minute) is given as 3 kW in summer and 4 kW in winter with thin ice, thus when moving 4.5 kW in summer and 6 kW in winter.

Side forces from strong water currents or winds are held by the cables, yet when moving introduce extra friction in these that can considerably exceed the water resistance. Also in deep water with heavy chains or long cables not lying on the ground, large tension forces with corresponding friction are created. The world's longest cable crossing, nearly 2 km with the 750 t MV Baynes Sound Connector uses three wire ropes pretensioned with 200 kN. In spite of careful planning, the expected large energy savings compared to the former free ferry are not realised, also due to fouling and a speed of 8.5 knots. 998 kW engine power is installed, in the former 1099 t MV Quinitsa it is 1416 kW.

With dependable water currents, most cable ferries are or were reaction ferries, powered by the current. Some of these are or were hybrid ferries with the cable passing through moveable pulleys or belaying points whose location sets the ferry's angle. In order to set off, manual work is required to initially pull the cable and also to maneuver, as described in the referenced video.{{cite web |last1=Luckmann |first1=Detlev |title=Prahmfähre über die Oste, Baujahr 1911, Oberndorf |url=https://av.tib.eu/media/11533 |website=German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB) |publisher=Institut for the Scientific Film (IWF) (Göttingen) |language=German |format=Video 17 Min. with transcript and article |date=1974}} Another hybrid seems to be the cable ferry at Sendelingsdrift with adjustable tethers to a high wire rope and also two outboard motors.

Effect on navigation

Cables can hinder other navigation or pose a hazard. Whether a risk exists, and to which degree, depends on the situation (nature of body of water and extent of shipping) and on the type of cable(s):

  • Overhead wire ropes suspended over shipping height.
  • Ropes suspended at operating level, permanently or temporarily.
  • Ropes held on the water surface by buoys.
  • Cables suspended underwater, permanently or temporarily.
  • Ground cables normally resting on the bottom, pulled to the surface near the ferry.

File:Catenaries_of_a_small_cable_ferry.png

Only the first type normally presents no risk for other vessels, as evident in the 15 reaction ferries of this type in Switzerland. Suspended cables near the water surface block navigation and are dangerous especially in strong currents and if difficult to see. The ropes of reaction ferries attached to one shore and suspended by buoys block the river on one side of the crossing ferry and can be made highly visible. The greatest risk comes from cables that are held underwater to a lesser degree than anticipated or are not visible at all.

Suspended cables (ferry to shore or to water bottom) form catenaries of a shape (entry angle and depth) that depends on the cable weight and amount of tension. Chains are in general rather heavy and can function even with very steep catenaries going to the bottom within very short distances, except very near the shore. As they are also easy to see, the risk to other navigation is usually minimal, as is evident with the 6 or so chain ferries in southern England operating in waters with heavy shipping. In strong water currents, the catenaries become more stretched and chain collisions have occurred. Wire ropes are lighter than chains of the same strength and may be operated under strong tension, both giving rise to shallow catenaries which may be difficult to judge or even see.

Some cable ferry operators warn vessel operators to exercise caution. They may indicate distances to keep clear, special lights, or that the depth of the cable is unknown, both when the ferry is stationary and when it is operating.{{cite web |title=Navigable depth across cable ferry wires |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/topics/using-waterways/restrictions-and-closures/marine-notices/sy1939-sackville-cable-ferry |website=NSW Government |publisher=NSW Government: Transport for NSW |access-date=3 October 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003002719/https://www.nsw.gov.au/topics/using-waterways/restrictions-and-closures/marine-notices/sy1939-sackville-cable-ferry |archive-date=2023-10-03 |format=Website |date=2023}}

List of cable ferry routes

Current cable ferry routes include:

=Albania=

=Australia=

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  • Berowra Waters Ferry, at Berowra Waters in New South Wales
  • Blanchetown Punt{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47614550 |title=Blanchetown Punt. |newspaper=The Advertiser |location=Adelaide |date=25 November 1954 |access-date=4 June 2012 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}
  • Bombah Point Ferry, at Bombah Point{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbnnews.com.au/2019/02/18/bombah-point-ferry-closed/ |title=BOMBAH POINT FERRY CLOSED |publisher=NBN News |last=Mount |first=Stephen |date=2019-02-18 |language=en-AU |access-date=2019-08-30}}
  • Cadell Ferry, across the Murray River at Cadell, South Australia{{cite web | title = Ferry Locations and Operational Status | url = http://www.transport.sa.gov.au/safety/marine/rec_boating/ferry_services_map.asp | publisher = Government of South Australia | access-date = 2008-11-27 |url-status=dead | archive-url = http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090522231256/http://www.transport.sa.gov.au/safety/marine/rec_boating/ferry_services_map.asp | archive-date = 2009-05-22}}
  • Daintree River Ferry, across the Daintree River in Queensland
  • Hibbard Ferry, across the Hastings River near Port Macquarie, New South Wales{{cite news | url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/08/05/2324144.htm?site=midnorthcoast | title = Council rejects call to change ferry service management | publisher = ABC News|location=Australia | date = 4 August 2008 | access-date = 2008-12-24 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090301051225/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/08/05/2324144.htm?site=midnorthcoast | archive-date = 2009-03-01}}{{cite web | url = http://www.hastings.nsw.gov.au/www/html/3676-9-april-2008-new-settlement-point-ferry.asp | title = New Settlement Point Ferry | publisher = Port Macquarie – Hastings Council | access-date = 2008-12-24 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090301234426/http://www.hastings.nsw.gov.au/www/html/3676-9-april-2008-new-settlement-point-ferry.asp | archive-date = 2009-03-01 }}
  • Lawrence Ferry, across the Clarence River in New South Wales{{cite web | url = http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/index.cgi?action=heritage.show&id=4301081 | title = Speewa Ferry – Murray River | publisher = New South Wales Roads and Traffic Authority | access-date = 2008-11-18 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090301234339/http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/index.cgi?action=heritage.show&id=4301081 | archive-date = 2009-03-01 }}
  • Lower Portland Ferry, across the Hawkesbury River near the village of Lower Portland, New South Wales
  • Lyrup Ferry, across the Murray River at Lyrup, South Australia
  • Mannum Ferry, across the Murray River at Mannum, South Australia (two parallel ferries)
  • Moggill Ferry, across the Brisbane River near Ipswich, Queensland{{cite news | url = http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,24401934-3102,00.html | title = Moggill Ferry master saves man after Brisbane River mishap | work = Courier Mail| date = 2008-09-25 | access-date = 2008-12-09 | first1 = Alex | last1 = Dickinson | first2 = David | last2 = Earley | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080926214058/http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,24401934-3102,00.html | archive-date = 2008-09-26 }}
  • Morgan Ferry, across the Murray River in Morgan, South Australia
  • Mortlake Ferry, across the Parramatta River in Sydney, New South Wales
  • Narrung Ferry, across the Murray River at Narrung, South Australia{{cite web | title = Walkabout – Meningie | url = http://www.walkabout.com.au/locations/SAMeningie.shtml | publisher = Fairfax Digital | access-date = 2008-11-27 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080722113018/http://walkabout.com.au/locations/SAMeningie.shtml | archive-date = 2008-07-22 }}
  • Noosa River Ferry, across the Noosa River in Queensland{{cite web | url = http://www.noosacarferries.com/ | title = Noosa North Shore Car Ferries | publisher = Noosa North Shore Car Ferries | access-date = 2008-11-11 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081004093425/http://www.noosacarferries.com/ | archive-date = 2008-10-04 }}
  • Purnong Ferry, across the Murray River in Purnong, South Australia
  • Raymond Island Ferry, chain ferry from Paynesville to Raymond Island in Victoria
  • Sackville Ferry, across the Hawkesbury River near the village of Sackville, New South Wales
  • Settlement Point Ferry, across the Hastings River near Port Macquarie, New South Wales
  • Speewa Ferry, across the Murray River between New South Wales and Victoria at Speewa
  • Swan Reach Ferry, across the Murray River in Swan Reach, South Australia
  • Tailem Bend Ferry, across the Murray River in Tailem Bend, South Australia
  • Ulmarra Ferry, across the Clarence River in New South Wales{{Cite web |url=https://www.rms.nsw.gov.au/roads/using-roads/vehicular-ferries/index.html |title=Vehicle ferries |author= NSW Roads and Maritime Services|website=Roads and Maritime Services |language=en |access-date=2019-08-30}}
  • Waikerie Ferry, across the Murray River in Waikerie, South Australia
  • Walker Flat Ferry, across the Murray River in Walker Flat, South Australia
  • Webbs Creek Ferry, across the Hawkesbury River in the village of Wisemans Ferry, New South Wales
  • Wellington Ferry, across the Murray River in Wellington, South Australia
  • Wisemans Ferry, across the Hawkesbury River in the village of Wisemans Ferry, New South Wales
  • Wymah Ferry, across the Murray River between New South Wales and Victoria

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File:DaintreeRiverFerryOct242024 04.jpg|Daintree River Ferry

File:Small Mannum Ferry.jpg|The Mannum Ferry.

File:Moggill Ferry.jpg|The Moggill Ferry

File:Wisemans Ferry.jpg|Wisemans Ferry

=Austria=

=Belgium=

  • Belgium has about 20 cable ferries. 7 of them are small manual self-service ones.

=Belize=

=Canada=

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File:Lytton Reaction Ferry.jpg|Lytton Ferry (Fraser River)

File:Needles Cable Ferry.jpg|Needles Cable Ferry (Arrow Lakes)

File:MVRiverhurstferry.JPG|right|Riverhurst Ferry

File:Île-Bizard Ferry.jpg|Laval-sur-le-Lac–Île-Bizard Ferry

=Chile=

  • Balseo de San Javier, across San Pedro River, Los Ríos Region.{{cite web|url=http://www.descubrelosrios.cl/ubicaciones/100-mts-balseo-san-javier/|title=100 mts Balseo San Javier – Descubre Los Ríos|website=descubrelosrios.cl|access-date=23 March 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421073518/http://descubrelosrios.cl/ubicaciones/100-mts-balseo-san-javier/|archive-date=21 April 2018}}

= Croatia =

  • File:Medsave Ferry.jpgMedsave Ferry, across the Sava River (Medsave–Zaprešić) in Zagreb County, overhead cable
  • Otočanka Ferry, across the Sava River (Otok Samoborski–Savski Marof) in Zagreb County, overhead cable
  • Oborovo, across the Sava River (Oborovo–Vrbovo Posavsko) in Zagreb County, overhead cable
  • Martinska ves, across the Sava River (Dubrovčak Lijevi–Dubrovčak Desni) in Sisak-Moslavina County, overhead cable
  • Tišina, across the Sava River (Tišina Kaptolska–Tišina Erdedska) in Sisak-Moslavina County, overhead cable
  • Sunjanka, across the Sava River (Graduša Posavska–Lukavec Posavski) in Sisak-Moslavina County, overhead cable
  • Kratečko, across the Sava River (Kratečko–Sunjsko Selište) in Sisak-Moslavina County, overhead cable
  • Pitomača Jelkuš Ferry, across the Drava River, in Virovitica–Podravina County
  • Pitomača Križnica, across the Drava River, in Virovitica–Podravina County
  • Osijek Zoološki vrt, across the Drava River, Osijek-Baranja County

=Czech Republic=

  • Dolní Žleb Ferry, reactive ferry across the Elbe at Dolní Žleb near Děčín, lower cable
  • Vrané nad Vltavou – Strnady, reactive ferry across the Vltava before Prague, with overhead cable
  • Klecánky – Roztoky ferry over the Vltava under Prague, secured by overhead cable
  • Máslovice, Dol – Libčice ferry over the Vltava under Prague, secured by lower cable
  • Lužec nad Vltavou ferry over the Vltava, secured by overhead cable
  • Zlenice – Senohraby swimming pool, ferry over the Sázava river, overhead security cable installed but usually unused
  • Oseček ferry, Elbe river, formerly secured by overhead cable, now without it
  • Kazín ferry, Berounka river, 1992–2007 propelled through lower chain, since 2015 unsecured boat
  • Nadryby ferry, Berounka river, secured by the overhead cable
  • Darová ferry, Berounka river, propelled through the overhead cable

=Denmark=

=Estonia=

=Finland=

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File:Alassalmi cable ferry 2007-07-01.jpg|Alassalmi cable ferry

File:Karhun kapulalossi.jpg|Karhun cable ferry

File:Koivukannan lossi ja jäätie.jpg|Koivukanta ferry in winter and parallel ice road for lighter vehicles

File:Car float - Pikkarala Oulu.jpg|Pikkarala ferry wintering on the shore of Oulujoki.

==Åland==

=France=

=Gambia=

=Germany=

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File:Seilfähre Pritzerbe.JPG|The Pritzerbe Ferry

File:Elbefähre Rathen (02).jpg|The Rathen Ferry

=Hong Kong=

File:Kam Tin River Inter Islands 2013.jpg

=Hungary=

File:Tiszatardos cable ferry.jpg

  • One cable ferry across the Danube between Csepel and Soroksár, in Budapest{{Cite web|url=http://wikimapia.org/1080515/hu/K%25C3%25B6teles-komp-Soroks%25C3%25A1r-%25C3%25A9s-Csepel-k%25C3%25B6z%25C3%25B6tt-csepeli-soroks%25C3%25A1ri-komp|title=Köteles komp Soroksár és Csepel között (csepeli-soroksári komp) – Wikimapia|website=wikimapia.org|access-date=2016-06-02|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221050214/http://wikimapia.org/1080515/hu/K%C3%B6teles-komp-Soroks%C3%A1r-%C3%A9s-Csepel-k%C3%B6z%C3%B6tt-csepeli-soroks%C3%A1ri-komp|archive-date=2016-12-21}}
  • A cable ferry crosses the Tisza between Tiszalök and Tiszatardos

{{clear}}

=Ireland=

=Italy=

=Mexico=

=Mozambique=

File:Ferry over Shire River in Mozambique.JPG

  • Ferry across Shire River, 37 km south of Malawi's southernmost border

=Netherlands=

File:Maasland De Trekschuit cable ferry.jpg, Maasland, the Netherlands]]

There are about 150 cable ferries in the Netherlands,.{{cite web |url=https://veerponten.nl/type-veren/ |title=List of ferry types in the Netherlands |publisher=Vrienden van de voetveren |language=nl |access-date=2023-12-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531194339/https://veerponten.nl/type-veren/ |archive-date=2023-05-31 }} About 111 of these are small hand-powered self-service ones and of these 24 use chains.

Some examples:

  • Cuijk ferry, across the Meuse at Cuijk
  • Genemuiden ferry, across the Zwarte Water at Genemuiden
  • Jonen ferry, across the Walengracht at Jonen, only taking foot passengers and cyclists, winched to the other bank by an electric motor on one of the banks.
  • Lexkesveer, across the Nederrijn near Wageningen, first mentioned in 1426
  • Oijen Ferry, across the Meuse at Oijen
  • Wijhe Ferry, across the IJssel at Wijhe
  • Wijk bij Duurstede ferry, across the Lek. This one uses a floating cable.

{{clear}}

=New Zealand=

=Norway=

  • Fjone ferry, across lake Nisser in Nissedal, Telemark{{cite web |url=https://dittdistrikt.no/aktiviteter/472394/fjoneferja |title=Fjoneferja |access-date=2019-08-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402120403/https://dittdistrikt.no/aktiviteter/472394/fjoneferja |archive-date=2015-04-02}} – Fjone cable ferry, in Norwegian with English summary
  • Espevær Ferry, in Bømlo, Hordaland
  • Duesund–Masfjordnes, in Nordhordland
  • Mjånes-Hisarøy, in Gulen, Sogn og Fjordane{{cite press release | url=https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2014/04/02/623963/10075219/en/Scandinavia-s-First-Lithium-Battery-Electric-Car-Ferry-Completes-Six-Months-of-Winter-Operations-in-the-Norwegian-Fjords.html | title=Scandinavia's First Lithium-Battery Electric Car-Ferry | date=2 April 2014 |access-date=2019-03-04 }}

=Poland=

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File:Prom na Wiśle Kazimierz Dolny-Janowiec. Ferry in Kazimierz Dolny-Janowiec (Poland - Vistula river).JPG|Ferry in Kazimierz Dolny-Janowiec (Poland – Vistula river)

File:Prom na Wiśle z Gniewu do Janowa. Ferry in Gniew (Poland, Vistula river) (1).jpg|Ferry in Gniew (Poland, Vistula river)

File:Prom Borusowa Wisla River.jpg|High-rope ferry in Borusowa on the Vistula River

= Portugal =

File:Barca da Amieira - Portugal (52892121885).jpg

  • Barca da Amieira, across the River Tagus, between mun. Mação and mun. Nisa; part of road n.º 359; next to the namesake train station.{{cite web | url=https://www.cm-nisa.pt/index.php/imagem/noticias/234-noticias-2019/1754-barca-d-amieira-plataforma-flutuante-rio-tejo | title=Município de Nisa - Barca D' Amieira - Plataforma Flutuante - Rio Tejo }}

= Slovakia =

=South Africa=

File:Handbetriebene Fähre P1020854.JPG

  • Malgas Ferry for 2-3 cars, 120 m across the Breede River at Malgas, Western Cape, powered by 2-4 men walking a rope,{{cite web |last1=Fleminger |first1=David |title=Malgas Pontoon |url=https://southafrica.co.za/malgas-pontoon.html |access-date=5 January 2024}}{{cite web |title=Malgas Pontoon Ferry |url=https://www.sa-venues.com/things-to-do/westerncape/malgas-pontoon-ferry/ |website=sa-venues.com |access-date=5 January 2024}} in operation from 1860 to 2019, when it was replaced by a diesel-powered ferry in spite of a petition with over 21000 signatures appealing to save the unique historic crossing.{{cite web |title=Save Historic Malgas ferry (pont) |url=https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/notice/save-historic-malgas-ferry-pont |website=theheritageportal.co.za |publisher=The Heritage Portal |access-date=5 January 2024 |date=17 October 2019}}
  • Octha Ferry at Sendelingsdrift, for 2 cars, across the Garib (Orange) River to Namibia, guided by tethers on high rope, powered by two outboard motors and possibly the water current.{{cite web |title=Pontoon at Sendelingsdrift |url=https://www.namahariplaasmark.com/2022/02/pontoon-at-sendelingsdrift-richtersveld.html |website=namahariplaasmark.com |access-date=5 January 2024 |date=10 February 2022}}

=South Korea=

  • Abai village ferry in Sokcho{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/ATR/SI_EN_3_6.jsp?gotoPage=1&cid=2010687|work=Visit Korea|title=Healing Retreat in Sokcho|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920142401/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/ATR/SI_EN_3_6.jsp?gotoPage=1&cid=2010687|archive-date=2016-09-20}}

=Spain=

{{clear}}

=Sweden=

{{div col|colwidth=36em}}

  • {{ill|Adelsön Ferry|sv|Adelsöleden}}, in Lake Mälaren from Munsö to Adelsö{{cite web | url = http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adelson_farja_2008.JPG | title = File:Adelson farja 2008.JPG | publisher = Wikimedia Commons | access-date = 2009-01-19 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090318044730/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adelson_farja_2008.JPG | archive-date = 2009-03-18 }}
  • {{ill|Ammerö Ferry|sv|Ammeröleden}}, in Lake Revsund from Ammer to Stavre{{cite web|url=http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Jamtlands-lan/Ammeroleden/|title=Ammeröleden|work=Trafikverket|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528143443/http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Jamtlands-lan/Ammeroleden/|archive-date=2013-05-28}}
  • {{ill|Ängö Ferry|sv|Ängöleden (färjeled)}}, between Ängön and Fruvik on Bokenäset{{cite web |url=https://www.trafikverket.se/farjerederiet/farjeleder/farjeleder-i-vastra-gotalands-lan/Angoleden/ |title=Ängöleden |publisher=Trafikverket |access-date=2017-09-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916010559/https://www.trafikverket.se/farjerederiet/farjeleder/farjeleder-i-vastra-gotalands-lan/Angoleden/ |archive-date=2017-09-16 }}
  • {{ill|Arnö Ferry|sv|Arnöleden}}, in Lake Mälaren from Oknö to Arnö{{cite web|url=http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Sodermanlands/Arnoleden/|title=Arnöleden|work=Trafikverket|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627200726/http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Sodermanlands/Arnoleden/|archive-date=2012-06-27}}
  • {{ill|Avan Ferry|sv|Avanleden}}, across Lule River from Avan to Norra Sunderbyn{{cite web|url=http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Norrbottens-lan/Avanleden/|title=Avanleden|work=Trafikverket|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604071905/http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Norrbottens-lan/Avanleden/|archive-date=2013-06-04}}
  • {{ill|Boheden Ferry|sv|Bohedenleden}}, across Djupträsket from Sandudden to Boheden{{cite web|url=http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Norrbottens-lan/Bohedenleden/|title=Bohedenleden|work=Trafikverket|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219082154/http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Norrbottens-lan/Bohedenleden/|archive-date=2013-12-19}}
  • {{ill|Bohus Malmön Ferry|sv|Bohus-Malmönleden}}, from Malmön to Roparöbacken{{cite web|url=http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Vastra-Gotaland1/BohusMalmonleden/|title=Bohus Malmönleden|work=Trafikverket|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807225407/http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Vastra-Gotaland1/BohusMalmonleden/|archive-date=2013-08-07}}
  • Bojarkilen Ferry, across Bojarkilen in Strömstad{{cite web |url=http://www.stromstad.se/omkommunen/forvaltningar/tekniska/hamnar/linfarjor/linfarjabojarkilen.500.html |title=Linfärja Bojarkilen |access-date=2019-08-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715002010/http://www.stromstad.se/omkommunen/forvaltningar/tekniska/hamnar/linfarjor/linfarjabojarkilen.500.html |archive-date=2014-07-15}}
  • {{ill|Bolmsö Ferry|sv|Bolmsöleden}}, across Lake Bolmen from Sunnaryd to Bolmsö{{cite web|url=http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Smaland1/Bolmsoleden/|title=Bolmsöleden|work=Trafikverket|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829102732/http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Smaland1/Bolmsoleden/|archive-date=2013-08-29}}
  • {{ill|Hamburgsund Ferry|sv|Hamburgsundsleden}}, across Hamburgsund from Hamburgsund to Hamburgön{{cite web|url=http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Vastra-Gotaland1/Hamburgsundsleden/|title=Hamburgsundsleden|work=Trafikverket|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807225413/http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Vastra-Gotaland1/Hamburgsundsleden/|archive-date=2013-08-07}}
  • Högmarsö Ferry, from Högmarsö to Svartnö{{cite web|url=http://www.hogmarsofarja.se/|title=Högmarsö Färja|author=carita holmberg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517153709/http://hogmarsofarja.se/|archive-date=2014-05-17}}
  • {{ill|Högsäter Ferry|sv|Högsäterleden}}, across Byälven from Högsäter to Fryxnäs{{cite web|url=http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Varmlands214/Hogsaterleden/|title=Högsäterleden|work=Trafikverket|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403222100/http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Varmlands214/Hogsaterleden/|archive-date=2013-04-03}}
  • {{ill|Isö Ferry|sv|Isöleden}}, across Storsjön from Isön to Norderön{{cite web|url=http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Jamtlands-lan/Isoleden/|title=Isöleden|work=Trafikverket|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806153543/http://www.trafikverket.se/Farja/Farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-ditt-lan/Farjeleder-i-Jamtlands-lan/Isoleden/|archive-date=2013-08-06}}
  • {{ill|Ivö Ferry|sv|Ivöleden}}, across Ivö Lake between Barum and Ivö Island{{cite web | url = http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Linfärjan_Karna,_Ivösjön.jpg | title = File:Linfärjan Karna, Ivösjön.jpg | date = 25 July 2007 | publisher = Wikimedia Commons | access-date = 2009-01-19 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090318044728/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Linf%C3%A4rjan_Karna,_Iv%C3%B6sj%C3%B6n.jpg | archive-date = 2009-03-18 }}
  • {{ill|Kornhall Ferry|sv|Kornhallsleden}}, across the Nordre älv between Kornhall and Brunnstorpsnäs{{cite web |url=https://www.trafikverket.se/farjerederiet/farjeleder/farjeleder-i-vastra-gotalands-lan/Kornhallsleden/ |title=Kornhallsleden |publisher=Trafikverket |access-date=2017-09-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916010604/https://www.trafikverket.se/farjerederiet/farjeleder/farjeleder-i-vastra-gotalands-lan/Kornhallsleden/ |archive-date=2017-09-16 }}
  • Kostersundet Ferry, across Kostersundet from Nordkoster to Sydkoster{{cite web|url=http://www.stromstad.se/omkommunen/forvaltningar/tekniska/hamnar/linfarjor/linfarjakostersundet.501.html|title=Trädfällning inom tätort|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714231255/http://www.stromstad.se/omkommunen/forvaltningar/tekniska/hamnar/linfarjor/linfarjakostersundet.501.html|archive-date=2014-07-14}}
  • {{ill|Lyr Ferry|sv|Lyrleden}}, between the islands of Lyr and Orust{{cite web |url=https://www.trafikverket.se/farjerederiet/farjeleder/farjeleder-i-vastra-gotalands-lan/Lyrleden/ |title=Lyrleden |publisher=Trafikverket |access-date=2017-09-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915204231/https://www.trafikverket.se/farjerederiet/farjeleder/farjeleder-i-vastra-gotalands-lan/Lyrleden/ |archive-date=2017-09-15 }}
  • {{ill|Malö Ferry|sv|Malöleden}}, between the islands of Malö and Orust{{cite web |url=https://www.trafikverket.se/farjerederiet/farjeleder/farjeleder-i-vastra-gotalands-lan/SundJarenleden/ |title=Sund-Jarenleden |publisher=Trafikverket |access-date=2017-09-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916182847/https://www.trafikverket.se/farjerederiet/farjeleder/farjeleder-i-vastra-gotalands-lan/SundJarenleden/ |archive-date=2017-09-16 }}
  • {{ill|Rödupp Ferry|sv|Röduppleden}}, across the Kalix river at Rödupp{{cite web |url=https://www.trafikverket.se/farjerederiet/farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-Norrbottens-lan/Roduppleden/ |title=Röduppleden |publisher=Trafikverket |access-date=2017-09-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915204041/https://www.trafikverket.se/farjerederiet/farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-Norrbottens-lan/Roduppleden/ |archive-date=2017-09-15 }}
  • {{ill|Stegeborg Ferry|sv|Stegeborgsleden}}, across the Slätbaken between Slottsholmen and Norrkrog{{cite web |url=https://www.trafikverket.se/farjerederiet/farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-Ostergotlands-lan/Stegeborgsleden/ |title=Stegeborgsleden |publisher=Trafikverket |access-date=2017-09-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916183230/https://www.trafikverket.se/farjerederiet/farjeleder/Farjeleder-i-Ostergotlands-lan/Stegeborgsleden/ |archive-date=2017-09-16 }}
  • {{ill|Sund-Jaren Ferry|sv|Sund-Jarenleden}}, across the Stora Le lake
  • Töreboda Ferry, across the Göta Canal in Töreboda{{cite web |url=http://www.vastsverige.com/en/toreboda/b/42563/The-ferry-Lina-Toreboda |title=The ferry line, Töreboda |publisher=West Sweden Tourist Board |access-date=2017-11-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040450/http://www.vastsverige.com/en/toreboda/b/42563/The-ferry-Lina-Toreboda |archive-date=2017-12-01 }}
  • Torpön Ferry, across Lake Sommen from Torpön to Blåvik{{cite web|url=http://www.torponsfarjelage.se/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=41&layout=blog&Itemid=93&lang=sv|title=Camping, Boende & Hyra stuga i Östergötland av Torpöns Färjeläge}}
  • Vaxholmen Ferry, from the town of Vaxholm to Vaxholm Castle
  • Ytterö Ferry, from Ytterön to Yttre park{{cite web|url=http://www.ytterofarjan.se/index.html|title=Hem|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208112336/http://ytterofarjan.se/index.html|archive-date=2013-12-08}}

{{div col end}}

File:LinfärjanSaga.JPG|The Swedish ferry Saga on the Hamburgsund route. The yellow colour is typical for car ferries in Sweden.

File:Vaxholm 2017-09-08 13.20.35.jpg|The Swedish ferry Vaxholmen with its destination, Vaxholm Castle, in the Stockholm Archipelago.

=Switzerland=

All reaction ferries:

  • {{ill|Basel Ferries|de|Basler Fähren}}, four routes across the Rhine in the city of Basel
  • Ferry across the Sitter at Bischofszell
  • {{ill|Bodenacker Ferry|de|Bodenackerfähre}}, across the Aare
  • Ferry across the Doubs [https://www.parcdoubs.ch/de/entdeckungen/kulturelles-erbe/die-faehre-von-tariche at Tariche]
  • {{ill|Ellikon–Nack Ferry|de|Rheinfähre Ellikon–Nack}}, across the Rhine from Marthalen to Lottstetten in Germany
  • {{ill|Fahr Abbey Ferry|de|Fähre Kloster Fahr–Schlieren}}, across the Limmat river at Fahr Abbey, since 1896.
  • {{ill|Ferry Mumpf–Bad Säckingen|de|Fähre Mumpf–Bad Säckingen}} across the Rhine to Germany
  • Ferry Reichenbach across the Aare at Zollikofen
  • Ferry across the Reuss at Sulz
  • Fähre Wolfwil–Wynau across the Aare
  • Ferry Zehendermätteli across the Aare near Bern
  • {{ill|Ferry Zurzach-Kadelburg|de|Fähre Zurzach–Kadelburg}}, across the Rhine to Germany

=United Kingdom=

File:Cowes Floating Bridge 1.JPG

{{div col|colwidth=36em}}

{{div col end}}

=United States=

{{div col|colwidth=36em}}

{{div col end}}

File:Canby Ferry 1.jpg|Canby Ferry

File:White's Ferry on Potomac River.jpg|White's Ferry on the Potomac River

File:Wheatland Ferry approaching east landing P2326.jpeg|Wheatland Ferry

File:Princeton Ferry.jpg|Princeton Ferry (undergoing renovation)

=Zambia=

=Zimbabwe=

See also

{{div col|colwidth=23em}}

{{div col end}}

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • {{commons category-inline|Cable ferries}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060529033737/http://www.igreens.org.uk/twyford_ferry_1899.jpg Twyford chain ferry] with unique overhead chain across the River Trent, UK, 1899
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20081115200920/http://www.gnb.ca/0113/ferries/ferries-e.asp Cable ferries operating in New Brunswick, Canada]


{{ModernMerchantShipTypes}}

{{Public transport}}