Canting

File:Using canting to create batik (10684550014).jpg crafters scooping hot liquid wax using canting at a batik workshop in Gulurejo village, near Yogyakarta]]

{{lang|id|Canting}} is derived from Javanese word of canthing {{Script|Java|ꦕꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦁ}} (IPA: {{IPA|t͡ʃɑnʈɪŋ}}) which means the small scooping tool.{{cite journal |last=Hariyanto |first=Isbandono |date=2015 |title= CANTING: SENI DAN TEKNOLOGI DALAM PROSES BATIK |trans-title= CANTING: ARTS AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE BATIK PROCESS |url= https://jurnal.isbi.ac.id/index.php/atrat/article/view/372 |language= id |journal= ATRAT: Fine Arts Journal |volume= 3 |issue= 3 |pages= |doi= |access-date= 4 February 2021}}{{cite web |url= https://www.textiletraders.co.uk/batik-tips/cantings |title= Using Javanese Cantings|author= |date= |website= textiletraders.co.uk |publisher= Textile Traders|access-date= 4 February 2021 |quote=}}

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De man links gebruikt en cap om was aan te brengen. De vrouw rechts hanteert een canting. Het cappen wordt gewoonlijk door mannen gedaan vrouwen hanteren uitsluiten de canting. Java TMnr 60037917.jpg industry life in Java {{circa}} 1900]]

Canting is originated in Java and invented by the Javanese,{{cite journal |last=Ratna |first=Roostika |date=2019 |title=TERRITORIAL MARKETING AND COLLECTIVE BRANDING TO SUPPORT REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY OF SMEs BATIK INDUSTRY |url=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/territorial-marketing-and-collective-branding-to-support-regional-development-a-study-of-smes-batik-industry |journal= Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences|volume=90 |issue=6 |pages= 97–106|doi=10.18551/rjoas.2019-06.14 |access-date= 4 February 2021|doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last1=Akhir |first1= Noor Haslina Mohamad |last2=Ismail|first2=Normaz Wana|last3=Said|first3=Rusmawati|last4=Ranjanee|first4=Shivee|last5=Kaliappan|first5=P|date=2015 |title=Traditional Craftsmanship:The Origin, Culture, and Challenges of Batik Industry in Malaysia|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-287-429-0_22 |journal=Islamic Perspectives Relating to Business, Arts, Culture and Communication |volume= |issue= |pages= 229–237|doi=10.1007/978-981-287-429-0_22 |isbn= 978-981-287-428-3 |access-date= 4 February 2021}}{{cite journal |last=Lee |first=Thienny |date=2016 |title=Defining the Aesthetics of the Nyonyas' Batik Sarongs in the Straits Settlements, Late Nineteenth to Early Twentieth Century |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10357823.2016.1162137 |journal=Asian Studies Review |volume= 40|issue=2 |pages= 173–191|doi=10.1080/10357823.2016.1162137|s2cid=147124182 |access-date=4 February 2021}}{{cite journal |last1=Baasanjargal |first1=Tsolmonchimeg |last2=Soon-Joo |first2=Ahn|last3=Mi-Jeong|first3= Kwon|date=2019 |title=인도네시아 바틱전통 패턴의 비교 분석 : 자바섬의 족자카르타와 페칼롱간의 패턴을 중심으로 [Comparative Analysis of Indonesian Batik Traditional Patterns: Focused on Patterns of Yogyakarta and Pekalongan in Java Island] |url=https://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE09220284 |journal=한복문화 |volume=22 |issue= 3|doi= 10.16885/jktc.2019.09.22.3.75 |pages=75–91|s2cid=210612600 |access-date=4 February 2021}} it is believed to be invented since {{circa}} 12th century.{{cite book |last1= Tirta|first1=Iwan|last2= Steen|first2=Gareth L. |last3= Urso|first3=Deborah M. |last4=Alisjahbana|first4=Mario |date=1996 |title=Batik: A Play of Lights and Shades|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MZAiSAAACAAJ |location= |publisher=Gaya Favorit Press |volume=1 |isbn=978-979-515-313-9}}

G. P. Rouffaer reported that the gringsing batik pattern was already known by the 12th century in Kediri, East Java. He concluded that this delicate pattern could only be created by the canting, an etching tool that holds a small reservoir of hot wax.{{cite book |last1= Tirta|first1=Iwan|last2= Steen|first2=Gareth L. |last3= Urso|first3=Deborah M. |last4=Alisjahbana|first4=Mario |date=1996 |title=Batik: A Play of Lights and Shades|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MZAiSAAACAAJ |location= |publisher=Gaya Favorit Press |volume=1 |isbn=978-979-515-313-9}}

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Studioportret van twee Javaanse batiksters TMnr 60027241.jpg woman in the middle of batik-making process in Java {{circa}} 1870, wax applied using the canting]]

File:Batik Tulis.jpg, Indonesia in 2007]]

File:Batik Trusmi Cirebon (10).jpg

A canting consists of:

1. Nyamplung: a rounded liquid wax container, made from copper.
2. Cucuk (IPA:{{IPA|tʃutʃuk}}): a small copper pipe or spout that connects to nyamplung container, it is where the liquid wax comes out to be applied to the cloth.
3. Gagang: canting holder, usually made from bamboo or wood.

The size of canting may be varied according to the desired dot size or line thickness to be applied to the cloth. A batik craftsperson uses canting in a similar fashion as drawing using a pen.

File:Batik Trusmi Cirebon (11).jpg-making process]]

File:Brass сanting.jpg

There are three ways of classifying the types of canting:

1. Based on its function:
2. Canting Rengrengan: canting that is ideally used to make a batik pattern for the first time.
3. Canting Isen: canting that is ideally used to fill a pattern that has been made beforehand.
4. Based on the diameter of its cucuk:
5. Small Canting: canting that has a small-sized cucuk with a diameter of less than 1 millimeter and is usually used as Canting Isen.
6. Medium Canting: canting that has a medium-sized cucuk with a diameter of 1 – 2.5 millimeters and is usually used as Canting Rengrengan.
7. Large Canting: canting with a large-sized cucuk with a diameter of more than 2.5 millimeters and is usually used to make a larger batik pattern or to fill a pattern that has been made beforehand with a block of wax.
8. Based on the number of its cucuk:
9. Canting Cecekan: canting with one cucuk.
10. Canting Laron/Loron: canting with two cucuk.
11. Canting Telon: canting with three cucuk{{Cite book|url=http://bsd.pendidikan.id/data/SMP_8/Mari_Belajar_Seni_Rupa_Kelas_8_Tri_Edy_Margono_dan_Abdul_Aziz_2010.pdf|title=Mari Belajar Seni Rupa|last1=Margono|first1=Tri Edy|last2=Aziz|first2=Abdul|publisher=Pusat Perbukuan Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional|year=2010|isbn=978-979-095-004-7|location=Jakarta|pages=75|access-date=2017-11-08|archive-date=2017-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026011953/http://bsd.pendidikan.id/data/SMP_8/Mari_Belajar_Seni_Rupa_Kelas_8_Tri_Edy_Margono_dan_Abdul_Aziz_2010.pdf|url-status=dead}} that forms an equilateral triangle.
12. Canting Prapatan: canting with four cucuk that forms a square.
13. Canting Liman: canting with five cucuk that forms a square with a dot in the center of the square.
14. Canting Byok: canting with an odd number of cucuk and is equal to or more than seven cucuk that forms a circle with a dot in the center of the circle.
15. Canting Renteng/Galaran: canting with four or six cucuk that forms two parallel lines.{{Cite web|url=http://kesolo.com/macam-macam-canting-untuk-membatik/|title=Macam-Macam Canting untuk Membatik|date=January 2, 2015|website=Kesolo|access-date=October 15, 2017|archive-date=November 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107225649/http://kesolo.com/macam-macam-canting-untuk-membatik|url-status=dead}}

File:Brass and glass cantings.jpg

File:Women Making Batik, Ketelan crop.jpg craftswomen in Java drawing intricate patterns using canting and wax kept hot in a small heated pan]]

Firstly, the cloth must be washed, soaked and beaten with a large mallet. The hot and liquid wax is scooped from small wajan (wok) heated upon small stove. The batik craftsperson sometimes blow the spout tip of canting to allow the liquid wax to flow smoothly and to avoid clogging, then they draw the line or dot upon the cloth, applying the liquid wax, following the patterns and images that previously had been drawn using pencil.Tim Bina Karya Guru. 2007. "Seni Budaya dan Keterampilan Untuk Sekolah Dasar Kelas VI". Penerbit Erlangga. {{ISBN|978-979-015-060-7}}. A pattern is then drawn with hot wax called malam using canting. The wax functions as a dye-resist. After this, the cloth is dipped in a dye bath containing the first colour. After the cloth is dry, the wax is removed by scraping or boiling the cloth. This process is repeated as many times as the number of colours desired. For larger areas of cloth which need to be covered, the wax is applied using a tool called nemboki/mopoki.Batik Nomination for inscription on the Representative List in 2009 (Reference No. 00170)

File:Batik worker, Mulyati (10676778135).jpg craftswoman in Indonesia blowing a canting to avoid the wax clogging the pipe]]

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