Carnivoramorpha

{{Automatic taxobox

|fossil_range = {{fossil_range|66.043|0|earliest=66.09}} early Paleocene to present

|image = Carnivoramorpha.jpg

|image_caption = Diversity of Carnivoramorpha

|display_parents = 2

|taxon = Carnivoramorpha

|authority = Wyss & Flynn, 1993Wyss, A. R. & Flynn, J. J. (1993.) “A Phylogenetic Analysis and Definition of the Carnivora.” in "Mammal Phylogeny – Placentals", Szalay, F. S., M. J. Novacek and M. C. McKenna (eds.). {{isbn|978-0-387-97853-6}}

|subdivision_ranks = Subgroups

|subdivision = {{center|[see classification]}}

|synonyms =

Carnivora {{small|(Rose, 2012)}}K. D. Rose, A. E. Chew, R. H. Dunn, M. J. Kraus, H. C. Fricke and S. P. Zack (2012.) [https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/89881 "Earliest Eocene mammalian fauna from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum at Sand Creek Divide, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming."] University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 36:1-122
Carnivoramoepha {{small|(Matsui & Kimura, 2022)}}{{Cite journal |last1=Matsui |first1=K. |last2=Kimura |first2=Y. |title=A "Mammalian-like" Pycnodont Fish: Independent Acquisition of Thecodont Implantation, True Vertical Replacement, and Carnassial Dentitions in Carnivorous Mammals and a Peculiar Group of Pycnodont Fish |year=2022 |journal=Life |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=Article 250 |doi=10.3390/life12020250 |pmid=35207537 |pmc=8878644 |bibcode=2022Life...12..250M |doi-access=free}}
Carnivoramomorpha {{small|(Wyss & Flynn, 1993)}}

}}

Carnivoramorpha ("carnivoran-like forms") is a clade of placental mammals of clade Pan-Carnivora from mirorder Ferae, that includes the modern order Carnivora and its extinct stem-relatives.Bryant, H.N., and M. Wolson (2004) [https://web.archive.org/web/20080706090739/http://www.ohiou.edu/phylocode/IPNM.pdf “Phylogenetic Nomenclature of Carnivoran Mammals.”] First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting. Paris, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle{{cite journal |last1=Solé |first1=Floréal |last2=Smith |first2=Richard |last3=Coillot |first3=Tiphaine |last4=de Bast |first4=Eric |last5=Smith |first5=Thierry |title=Dental and tarsal anatomy of Miacis latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=34 |issue=1 |year=2014 |pages=1–21 |issn=0272-4634 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2013.793195|s2cid=86207013}}

General characteristics

The common feature for members of this clade is the presence of the carnassial teeth. The carnassial teeth of the Carnivoramorpha are upper premolar P4 and lower molar m1.Floréal Solé & Thierry Smith (2013.) [https://popups.uliege.be/1374-8505/index.php?id=4346&file=1&pid=4283 "Dispersals of placental carnivorous mammals (Carnivoramorpha, Oxyaenodonta & Hyaenodontida) near the Paleocene-Eocene boundary: a climatic and almost worldwide story"] Geologica Belgica 16/4: 254-261

{{multiple image

|align = center

|perrow = 2

|total_width = 700

|image1 = Comparison of Carnivoran and Creodont Carnassials.png

|caption1 = {{center|Comparison of carnassial teeth of a carnivoran (wolf), a hyaenodontid (Hyaenodon) and an oxyaenid (Oxyaena)}}

|image2 = Wolf_cranium_labelled.jpg

|caption2 = {{center|skull of wolf}}

|image3 = Viverravus minutus 2.jpg

|caption3 = {{center|skull of Viverravus minutus}}

|image4 = Vulpavus cf. profectus Matthew 2.jpg

|caption4 = {{center|skull of Vulpavus profectus}}

}}

Classification and phylogeny

=Traditional classification=

class="wikitable"

style="vertical-align:top;"

Clade: Carnivoramorpha {{small|(Wyss & Flynn, 1993)}} [carnivorans + all basal clades to Carnivora, but without creodonts]
Order: Carnivora {{small|(Bowdich, 1821)}} (carnivorans)
Suborder: Caniformia {{small|(Kretzoi, 1943)}} ("dog-like" carnivorans)
Suborder: Feliformia {{small|(Kretzoi, 1945)}} ("cat-like" carnivorans)
Incertae sedis:
Genus: †Palaeogale {{small|(von Meyer, 1846)}}
Superfamily: †Miacoidea {{small|(Cope, 1880)}}
Family: †Miacidae {{small|(Cope, 1880)}}
Family: †Viverravidae {{small|(Wortman & Matthew, 1899)}}
Incertae sedis:
†"Sinopa" insectivorus {{small|(Cope, 1872)}}
Incertae sedis:
Genus: †Ravenictis {{small|(Fox & Youzwyshyn, 1994)}}
†Carnivoramorpha sp. [UALVP 31176] {{small|(Fox & Youzwyshyn, 1994)}}

=Revised classification=

Recent phylogenetic studies indicate that the superfamily Miacoidea and family Miacidae are paraphyletic, with "miacids" being more closely related to carnivorans than to viverravids. In 2010 Flynn, Finarelli & Spaulding named a new clade Carnivoraformes within Carnivoramorpha, containing carnivorans and "miacids" but not viverravids.{{cite book |last1=Flynn |first1=John J. |last2=Finarelli |first2=John A. |last3=Spaulding |first3=Michelle |year=2010 |chapter=Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations |editor-last=Goswami |editor-first=Anjali |editor-last2=Friscia |editor-first2=Anthony |title=Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function |url=https://archive.org/details/carnivoranevolut00gosw |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume= |isbn=9781139193436 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/carnivoranevolut00gosw/page/25 25]–63}} The authors defined Carnivoraformes as the clade containing Carnivora and all taxa that are more closely related to Carnivora (represented by Canis lupus) than to viverravids (represented by Viverravus gracilis).