Catfish Hunter

The youngest son of eight children, Hunter was born and raised in Hertford in northeast North Carolina. He grew up on a farm and excelled in a variety of sports at Perquimans County High School. Hunter played linebacker and offensive tackle in football as well as shortstop, cleanup batter, and pitcher in baseball. His older brothers taught him to pitch, and his pitching skill began to attract scouts from major-league teams to Hertford.

During his senior year in November 1963, Hunter's right foot was wounded by a brother in a hunting accident; he lost one of his toes and shotgun pellets lodged in his foot.{{cite book|last=Coffey|first=Michael|title=27 Men Out: Baseball's Perfect Games|url=https://archive.org/details/27menoutbaseball00coff|url-access=registration|publisher=Atria Books|location=New York|year=2004|pages=[https://archive.org/details/27menoutbaseball00coff/page/118 118–138]|isbn=0-7434-4606-2}} The accident left Hunter somewhat hobbled and jeopardized his prospects in the eyes of many professional scouts, but the Kansas City Athletics signed Hunter to a contract.{{cite web| title = Jim "Catfish" Hunter| publisher = State Library of North Carolina| url = http://statelibrary.dcr.state.nc.us/nc/bio/sports/catfish.htm| access-date = 2008-02-28| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080313002758/http://statelibrary.dcr.state.nc.us/nc/bio/sports/catfish.htm| archive-date = 2008-03-13| url-status = dead}} Hunter was sent to the Mayo Clinic that year so that surgeons could work on his foot. He recovered in La Porte, Indiana, at the farm of Athletics owner Charles O. Finley.Charlie Finley: The Outrageous Story of Baseball's Super Showman, p.81, G. Michael Green and Roger D. Launius. Walker Publishing Company, New York, 2010, {{ISBN|978-0-8027-1745-0}}

Hunter signed with the A's on June 8, 1964, for a reported $75,000, but did not play professionally during the 1964 regular season due to foot surgery and the subsequent recovery from his hunting accident the previous fall. He made his professional baseball debut in the Florida Instructional League in the fall of 1964.

It is commonly cited that Finley gave Hunter the nickname "Catfish" in 1965 because he thought his 19-year-old pitcher needed a flashy nickname. A story circulated that his family gave him the nickname as a child when he went missing and was later found with a string of catfish; there is no truth to that explanation.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zrNVAAAAIBAJ&pg=6581%2C2257303|newspaper=Eugene Register-Guard |agency=Associated Press |title='Catfish' spins first perfect regular AL game in 46 years |date=May 9, 1968 |page=1D}} However, news articles published mere days after his signing in 1964 reference the nickname (as well as that of John "Blue Moon" Odom, who signed at the same time).{{Cite news |last=Associated Press |date=June 11, 1964 |title=A's Pay $100,000 for Young Third Baseman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ehJdAAAAIBAJ |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=St. Joseph Gazette |pages=11}}

Aside from the fall stint in the instructional league, Hunter never played in the minor leagues.{{cite web |title=Catfish Hunter Winter Leagues Statistics & History |url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/player.fcgi?id=hunter001jam |website=Baseball-Reference.com |publisher=Sports Reference |access-date=13 June 2022 |language=en}} He made his major league debut in May, 1965 and earned his first win on July 27 in Fenway Park over the Boston Red Sox. In 1966 and 1967, he was named to the American League All-Star team.

Prior to the 1968 season, Finley moved the A's from Kansas City to Oakland. On Wednesday, May 8, against the Minnesota Twins, Hunter pitched the ninth perfect game in baseball history and the first in 46 years in the American League since Charlie Robertson's perfect game in {{mlby|1922}}, (excluding Don Larsen's perfect game in the 1956 World Series). The game also marked the first no-hitter by an Athletics pitcher since Bill McCahan in 1947 with what were then the Philadelphia Athletics.

The game was scoreless until the bottom of the seventh inning; offensively, Hunter got three hits and drove in three of Oakland's four runs with a squeeze bunt in the seventh and a bases-loaded single in the eighth. Hunter disagreed with only two of catcher Jim Pagliaroni's pitch-calling decisions during the game, and as a token of his appreciation for his catcher's contributions, rewarded Pagliaroni with a gold watch that he had inscribed on back.{{cite news |date=May 9, 1968 |title=Catfish Never Dreamed One Pitch Worth So Much |work=Sarasota Journal |agency=Associated Press |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kTIjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=AYYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=7181,1580769&dq=jim+pagliaroni&hl=en |access-date=December 29, 2011 |via=Google News}}{{cite news |date=September 9, 1999 |title=Teammates reflect fondly on Catfish |page=12 |work=Allegheny Times |agency=Knight Ridder |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Xb8iAAAAIBAJ&sjid=i7UFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4499,2546900&dq=jim+pagliaroni+catfish&hl=en |access-date=December 29, 2011 |via=Google News}}

Hunter continued to win games, and in 1974 received both The Sporting News's "Pitcher of the Year" award and the American League Cy Young Award after going 25–12 with a league-leading 2.49 earned run average. The A's also won their third consecutive World Series. Hunter's statistics while he was with the Athletics were impressive: four consecutive years with at least 20 wins, and three World Series championships without a loss. He had won 161 games for the A's, 131 in seven seasons in Oakland and 30 in his first three seasons in Kansas City.

On February 11, 1974, Hunter agreed with the A's on a two-year, $200,000 contract with a clause stipulating that $50,000 payments be made to a life insurance annuity of his choosing in each of the two seasons. After Finley refused to make payment on the annuity after discovering he had to pay $25,000 in taxes which was due immediately, the breach of contract dispute was brought before an arbitration hearing on November 26, 1974.{{Cite web |last=Turbow |first=Jason |date=2017-03-06 |title=How a contract breach led Catfish Hunter to become baseball's first real free agent |url=https://www.si.com/mlb/2017/03/06/dynastic-bombastic-fantastic-book-excerpt-catfish-hunter-free-agency |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=SI |language=en-US}} Twenty days later on December 16, arbitrator Peter Seitz decided in favor of Hunter, officially making him a free agent.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XRMyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3026,81334|newspaper=Montreal Gazette|agency=UPI |title='Catfish' Hunter said winner over Finley in arbitration fight to become free agent |date=December 16, 1974 |page=15}}{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=x8gwAAAAIBAJ&pg=7284,1888845 |newspaper=Toledo Blade |agency=Associated Press |title=It's open season on Catfish |date=December 18, 1974 |page=39}} Hunter recalled being scared after he was declared a free agent. "We don't belong to anybody", he told his wife.

File:MartinHunterGulden1979.jpg and Brad Gulden shortly after Thurman Munson's death in 1979.]]

Two weeks after he won his arbitration, Hunter became the highest-paid player in baseball and highest-paid pitcher in history when he signed a five-year contract with the New York Yankees worth $3.35 million.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BdxaAAAAIBAJ&pg=5225%2C6157450 |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|last=Lincicome|first=Bernie |agency=(Chicago Tribune) |title=Catfish forever altered economics of sports |date=September 10, 1999 |page=C-5}}{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GE0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=2855%2C223741|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|agency=Associated Press|title=Catfish selects Yankees, Pirates offer short $ $ |date=January 1, 1975|page=43}}{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KxQyAAAAIBAJ&pg=1478%2C50095|newspaper=Montreal Gazette|agency=Associated Press |title=Catfish accepts Yankee offer |date=January 2, 1975|page=9}}{{cite news |last1=Haupert |first1=Michael |title=Baseball's Major Salary Milestones |url=https://sabr.org/research/baseball-s-major-salary-milestones |access-date=21 October 2019 |work=The Baseball Research Journal |publisher=Society for American Baseball Research |date=Fall 2011}} He had been courted by 23 of the 24 teams, including the A's but not the San Francisco Giants,{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JvRUAAAAIBAJ&pg=1175,2778156 |newspaper=Leader-Post |location=Regina, Saskatchewan|agency=Associated Press |title=Catfish narrows field |date=December 28, 1974 |page=19 }} and refused higher offers from the San Diego Padres and the Kansas City Royals.Charlie Finley: The Outrageous Story of Baseball's Super Showman, p.217, G. Michael Green and Roger D. Launius. Walker Publishing Company, New York, 2010, {{ISBN|978-0-8027-1745-0}} New York was closer to his home in North Carolina and the team played on natural grass.

Finley attempted to have the arbitration ruling overturned,{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KxQyAAAAIBAJ&pg=967%2C64562|newspaper=Montreal Gazette|agency=Associated Press |title=Finley making moves to keep Jim Hunter |date=January 2, 1975|page=12}} but was unsuccessful after several appeals.{{Cite news |date=1975-01-04 |title=Judge Upholds Hunter Ruling |url=https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/title/ftoitbfdxjneyjcugfmbasrhrfssnimh_ip-10-166-46-113_1740006065033 |access-date=2025-02-19 |work=Milwaukee Journal |page=13 |via=GenealogyBank.com}}{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AgsyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3308,2929605|newspaper=Montreal Gazette|agency=UPI |title=Hunter ruling stands but Finley to appeal |date=March 27, 1975 |page=41 }}{{cite news |date=August 19, 1976 |title=Finley loses Hunter appeal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-news-finley-loses-hunter-appea/166202375/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |newspaper=Miami News |page=4C |via=Newspapers.com}} Further details of Finley's history with Hunter gave the A's owner added negative publicity.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BRU0AAAAIBAJ&pg=558,2518605|newspaper=Bangor Daily News|agency=Associated Press|title=Catfish was treated like animal|date=January 9, 1975|page=13}} Hunter became known as baseball's "first big-money free agent".

Hunter got off to a rough start going 0–3 in his first three starts, but settled down and was named to his seventh All-Star team. He led the league in wins (23) for the second year in a row, and also led the league in innings pitched (328) and complete games (30) to finish second to Jim Palmer of the Baltimore Orioles in the American League Cy Young balloting. Hunter was the last major league pitcher to throw 30 complete games in a season.{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/CG_leagues.shtml|title=Yearly League Leaders & Records for Complete Games|work=Baseball-Reference|access-date=February 13, 2022}} He also became only the fourth (and last) American League pitcher to win 20 games in a season for five consecutive seasons (1971–1975). The others were Walter Johnson (10), Lefty Grove (7), and Bob Feller (5).

In 1976, Hunter won 17 games, led the Yankees in complete games and innings pitched, and was again named to the All-Star team. The Yankees won three straight pennants with Hunter from 1976 to 1978. In 1976, Hunter became the fourth major league pitcher to win 200 games before the age of 31 and the only one since Walter Johnson in 1915, preceded by Cy Young and Christy Mathewson.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=M-cpAAAAIBAJ&pg=4712,3212952|newspaper=The Hour |location=Norwalk, Connecticut|agency=UPI |title=200th win for Catfish |date=September 20, 1976|page=22}} Hunter was also a competent hitter, with a career batting average of .226; in 1971 he hit .350 with 36 hits in 38 games. After the designated hitter was adopted by the American League in {{mlby|1973}}, Hunter had only two plate appearances in his final seven seasons, with one base hit in 1973.

Hunter won his Opening Day start in 1977, limiting the Milwaukee Brewers to three hits over seven shutout innings in a 3–0 victory on April 7.{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/gl.fcgi?id=hunteca01&t=p&year=1977|title=Catfish Hunter 1977 Pitching Gamelogs|work=Baseball-Reference|access-date=October 6, 2020}} He left the game with a bruised foot and was eventually placed on the 21-day disabled list with the injury, not pitching again until May 5.{{cite web|last=Chass|first=Murray|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/04/19/archives/blue-jays-beat-yanks-hunter-on-disabled-list-expansion-blue-jays.html|title=Blue Jays Beat Yanks; Hunter on Disabled List|work=The New York Times|date=April 19, 1977|access-date=October 6, 2020}}{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/gl.fcgi?id=hunteca01&t=p&year=1977|title=Catfish Hunter 1977 Pitching Gamelogs|work=Baseball-Reference|access-date=October 6, 2020}}

Arm injuries plagued Hunter beginning in 1978. In spring training, he was diagnosed with diabetes{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ASNlAAAAIBAJ&pg=4304,4880284|newspaper=Edmonton Journal|agency=Associated Press |title=A medical miracle has saved the Yanks |date=September 28, 1978|page=E1 }}{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1ANlAAAAIBAJ&pg=926,885695|newspaper=Edmonton Journal|agency=Associated Press|title=Diabetes strikes 'Catfish' Hunter|date=March 2, 1978 |page=C5}} and combined with his chronic arm trouble the disease began to sap Hunter's energy. Following the 1979 season and the end of his five-year contract, Hunter retired from baseball at age 33.{{Cite news |last=Anderson |first=Dave |date=1979-09-17 |title=Catfish Hunter: a man's man |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-news-catfish-hunter-a-mans-m/166202479/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |work=The Miami News |page=2C |via=Newspapers.com |agency=New York Times}} Hunter won 63 games in his five seasons with the Yankees. He retired with appearances in six World Series and with five World Series championships.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/10/sports/catfish-hunter-who-pitched-in-6-world-series-for-a-s-and-yankees-dies-at-53.html|newspaper=New York Times |last=Berkow |first=Ira |title=Catfish Hunter, Who Pitched in 6 World Series for A's and Yankees, Dies at 53 |date=September 10, 1999|access-date=August 15, 2013}}{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DONbAAAAIBAJ&pg=3188,5019726|newspaper=Daily Times |location=Portsmouth, New Hampshire|agency=Associated Press|title=Catfish Hunter dead at age 53|date=September 10, 1999 |page=B1}}

While with the Yankees, Hunter was a resident of Norwood, New Jersey, preferring to live outside of New York City.{{Cite news |last=Anderson |first=Dave |date=September 15, 1979 |title=Catfish Hunter still planning on retirement |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=19790915&id=TiFOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QRMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7002,3515753&hl=en |access-date=May 24, 2016 |work=Star-News |via=Google News Archive |quote=He has lived in Norwood, a leafy Bergen County town less than half an hour's drive from Yankee Stadium; he has succeeded in remaining a farm boy. |agency=The New York Times}}

File:Catfish Hunter headshot.jpg

He returned to his farm in Hertford where he grew soybeans, corn, peanuts, and cotton, and was a spokesman for diabetes awareness.{{Cite news |last=Norris |first=Tim |date=1988-12-12 |title=Control pitcher |url=https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/title/efsmeucyyifogqivrhwtubxtqtsmejml_ip-10-166-46-133_1740006276172 |access-date=2025-02-19 |work=Milwaukee Journal |page=1D |via=GenealogyBank.com}}{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bElGAAAAIBAJ&pg=6455,3172111|newspaper=Evening News|location=Newburgh, New York|agency=Associated Press |title=Catfish Hunter helping diabetics |date=July 22, 1990 |page=2A }}{{Cite news |last=Pabst |first=Georgia |date=1993-07-14 |title=Catfish Hunter is still pitching |url=https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/title/rcwimhssznulsofhzswyfbkzbmcobkhj_ip-10-166-46-171_1740007614172 |access-date=2025-02-19 |work=Milwaukee Journal |page=D2 |via=GenealogyBank.com}} Hunter noticed arm weakness while hunting in the winter of 1997–1998. He was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Lou Gehrig's disease.

Hunter died at his home in Hertford on September 9, 1999, at age 53, a year after his ALS diagnosis. A month before his death, on August 8, Hunter fell and hit his head on concrete steps at home.{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lXE0AAAAIBAJ&pg=3731%2C1863399 |work=Times Daily |location=(Florence, Alabama) |agency=Associated Press |last=Waggoner |first=Martha |title=Hunter regains consciousness after fall |date=August 11, 1999 |page=4C}} He was unconscious for several days after the fall, but he had returned home from that hospitalization when he died.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BdxaAAAAIBAJ&pg=6869%2C6124598|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |agency=Associated Press |last=Bock |first= Hal |title=Ace pitcher and baseball's first free-agent star|date=September 10, 1999|page=B-5}} Hunter is interred at Cedarwood Cemetery in Hertford, adjacent to the field where he played high school baseball.{{Cite news |date=September 13, 1999 |title=Hunter Is Buried in the Town Where He Learned Baseball |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/13/sports/hunter-is-buried-in-the-town-where-he-learned-baseball.html |access-date=August 16, 2013 |work=New York Times|agency=Associated Press}}

{{MLBBioRet

|Align = right

|Image = OaklandRetired27.PNG

|Name = Hunter

|Number = 27

|Team = Oakland Athletics

|Year = 1991

|}}

Along with Billy Williams and Ray Dandridge, Hunter was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown in {{baseball year|1987}}. At the time, Hall of Fame officials would always defer to the player's wishes in determining which team would be memorialized on his Hall of Fame Plaque. Before and after his induction, Hunter spoke highly of his experiences with both the Athletics and Yankees and his appreciation for both team owners, Charlie Finley and George Steinbrenner. For this reason, he declined to choose a team; accordingly, his plaque depicts him with no logo on his cap. He was credited by Steinbrenner as the cornerstone of the Yankees in their return to championship form.

In 1990, Hunter was inducted into the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame. In 2004, the Oakland Athletics began the Catfish Hunter Award.[http://www.baseball-almanac.com/awards/catfish_hunter_award.shtml Catfish Hunter Award] (2004–present). Baseball-Almanac. Retrieved 2011-08-19. His number 27 was retired by the Oakland Athletics in a pre-game ceremony on June 9, 1991, the first in the franchise's 90-year history.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JiZZAAAAIBAJ&pg=6232,930622|newspaper=Union Democrat |agency=Associated Press |location=Sonora, California|title='Catfish' has number retired by Oakland |date=June 10, 1991 |page=2B }}{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=B2QfAAAAIBAJ&pg=3447,1082104|newspaper=Gadsden Times |agency=Associated Press photo|title=Catfish's number retired |date=June 10, 1991 |page=B3}}

The Jim "Catfish" Hunter Memorial is located in Hertford.{{cite web|title=Perquimans County Chamber of Commerce/Visitor Center & Jim "Catfish" Hunter Museum|url=http://www.visitnc.com/listing/perquimans-county-chamber-of-commerce-visitor-center-jim-catfish-hunter-museum|publisher=North Carolina Department of Commerce|access-date=August 24, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809103059/http://www.visitnc.com/listing/perquimans-county-chamber-of-commerce-visitor-center-jim-catfish-hunter-museum|archive-date=August 9, 2013}} An annual softball event is held in Hertford in memory of Hunter. All proceeds from the weekend benefit ALS research. The tournament has raised over $200,000 since 1999.

On September 5, 2018, Hunter was inducted into the Oakland Athletics first Hall of Fame class, with his widow, Helen, in attendance to receive the posthumous honor.

After Hunter's death, former teammate Reggie Jackson described Hunter as a "fabulous human being. He was a man of honor. He was a man of loyalty." Steinbrenner said, "We were not winning before Catfish arrived... He exemplified class and dignity and he taught us how to win." Former teammate Lou Piniella said, "Catfish was a very unique guy. If you didn't know he was making that kind of money, you'd never guess it because he was humble, very reserved about being a star-type player... almost a little bit shy. But he told great stories. He had a heck of a sense of humor. When you play with guys like that, you feel blessed."{{cite web|title=Catfish Hunter dead|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/baseball/mlb/news/1999/09/09/hunter_obit_ap/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020210083348/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/baseball/mlb/news/1999/09/09/hunter_obit_ap/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 10, 2002|publisher=CNNSI.com|access-date=August 24, 2013}}

Hunter has been the subject of multiple popular culture references. Bob Dylan wrote the song "Catfish" in 1975. The song was later released by Dylan, Joe Cocker, and Kinky Friedman. In 1976, Hunter was also the subject of the Bobby Hollowell song "The Catfish Kid (Ballad of Jim Hunter)", which was performed by Big Tom White and released on a 45 RPM single. Hollowell was best friends with the young Jim Hunter while they grew up together.

Hunter is mentioned in the 1976 film The Bad News Bears. When Coach Morris Buttermaker (Walter Matthau) is trying to get Amanda Wurlitzer (Tatum O'Neal) to pitch for his Little League team, Amanda makes a number of outlandish demands (including imported jeans, modeling school tuition, and ballet lessons) as conditions for joining the team. Buttermaker asks, "Who do you think you are, Catfish Hunter?" Amanda responds by asking, "Who's he?"

In the movie Grumpier Old Men, an enormous and highly prized fish is named "Catfish Hunter" by the locals.

In You, Me and Dupree, Catfish Hunter is mentioned by Owen Wilson's character, Dupree, convincing an Asian orchestra student that he can pitch: "First, call me Dupree 'cause I'm your teammate. Second, so what if you're in the orchestra? So was Catfish Hunter."

Minor-league pitcher Jason Kosow portrayed Hunter in the ESPN miniseries The Bronx is Burning, which depicted the 1977 New York Yankees.

In the Marvel Comics' "The Tomb of Dracula #51 (December 1976, page 26), the narrative written by Marv Wolfman states that "Dracula throws Blade through a window with the ease of Catfish Hunter throwing a fastball."

• List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders
• List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders
• List of Major League Baseball career strikeout leaders
• List of Major League Baseball career shutout leaders
• List of Major League Baseball career wins leaders
• List of baseball players who went directly to Major League Baseball

{{Reflist|2}}

{{Commons category}}

• {{baseballstats|mlb=116334|espn=23207|br=h/hunteca01|fangraphs=1006199|brm=hunter001jam|retro=H/Phuntj101}}
• [http://www.purapelota.com/lvbp/mostrar.php?id=huntjam001 Venezuela Professional Baseball League stats]
• {{bbhof|hunter-catfish}}
• {{sabrbio|catfish-hunter}}
• {{find a Grave|6313}}
• [https://www.als.org/support/certified-centers-clinics/jim-catfish-hunter-als-clinic Jim "Catfish" Hunter ALS Clinic] at the ALS Association

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{{succession box | before = Sandy Koufax | title = Perfect game pitcher | years =May 8, 1968 | after = Len Barker }}

{{succession box |title=No-hitter pitcher | before=Tom Phoebus |years=May 8, 1968 |after=George Culver}}

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