Chernihiv#Monasteries

The name Chernihiv/Chernigov is a compound name, which begins with the Slavic root Cherni-/Cherno-, which means 'black'.{{cite web|url=https://www.wordhippo.com/what-is/the-meaning-of/russian-word-d74fedd1fa3d42dc6d2dbb26079981eccd96e9ba.html|title=What does Chernyy mean|website=www.wordhippo.com|access-date=12 April 2022|language=en}} Scholars vary with interpretations of the second part of the name (-hiv/-gov, {{lang|cu|-говъ}}) though scholars such as Dr. Martin Dimnik, Professor of Medieval History at University of Toronto, connect Chernihov with the worship of "the black god" Chernibog.{{cite web|url=https://www.chernikov.com/|title=Chernikov|website=www.chernikov.com/|access-date=12 April 2022|language=en}}

The city of Chernihiv is also historically known by different names in other languages – {{langx|pl|Czernihów}}; {{langx|yi|טשערניגאָב}}.

Chernihiv was first mentioned (as {{lang|cu|Черниговъ}}){{citation needed|date=March 2022}} in the Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (907), but the time of its establishment is unknown.{{Cite book |last=Олександер |first=Мишанич |title=Літопис Руський: За Іпатьским Списком Переклав Леогід Махимович |publisher=Дніпро |year=1989 |isbn=5308000522 |location=Київ |page=18 |language=uk}} Artifacts from the Khazar Khaganate uncovered by archaeological excavations at a settlement there indicate that it seems to have existed at least as early as the 9th century. Towards the end of the 10th century, the city probably had its own rulers. It was there that the Black Grave, one of the largest and earliest royal mounds in Eastern Europe, was excavated in the 19th century.

The city was the second wealthiest and most important in the southern portion of the Kievan Rus'.[http://nasledie.russportal.ru/index.php?id=histrus.klhist07 Nasledie Svyatoy Rusi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402225507/http://nasledie.russportal.ru/index.php?id=histrus.klhist07 |date=2018-04-02 }} URL accessed on January 12, 2006 From the early 11th century on, it was the seat of the powerful Principality of Chernigov, whose rulers at times vied for power with Kievan Grand Princes, and often overthrew them and took the primary seat in Kiev for themselves.

The grand principality was the largest in Kievan Rus and included not only the Severian towns but even such remote regions as Murom, Ryazan and Tmutarakan. The golden age of Chernigov, when the city population peaked at 25,000, lasted until 1239 when the city was sacked by the hordes of Batu Khan, and entered a long period of relative obscurity.

The area fell under the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1353. The city was burned again by Crimean khan Meñli I Giray in 1482 and 1497 and in the 15th to 17th centuries changed hands several times between Lithuania, Muscovy (1408–1420 and from 1503), and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1618–1648), where it was granted Magdeburg rights in 1623 and in 1635 became a seat of Chernihiv Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province.

The area's importance increased again in the middle of the 17th century during and after the Khmelnytsky Uprising. In the Hetman State, Chernihiv was the city of deployment for the Chernihiv Cossack regiment (both a military and territorial unit of the state at the time).

Under the 1667 Treaty of Andrusovo the legal suzerainty of the area was ceded to the Tsardom of Russia, with Chernihiv remaining an important center of the autonomous Cossack Hetmanate. With the abolishment of the Hetmanate, the city became an ordinary administrative center of the Russian Empire and a capital of local administrative units. The area in general was ruled by the Governor-General appointed from Saint Petersburg, the imperial capital, and Chernihiv was the capital of local namestnichestvo (province) (from 1782), Malorosiyskaya or Little Russian (from 1797) and Chernigov Governorate (from 1808).

According to the census of 1897, the city of Chernihiv had 11,000 Jews out of a total population of 27,006. Their primary occupations were industrial and commercial. Many tobacco plantations and fruit gardens in the neighborhood were owned by Jews. There were 1,321 Jewish artisans in Chernihiv, including 404 tailors and seamstresses, but the demand for artisan labor was limited to the town. There were 69 Jewish day-laborers, almost exclusively teamsters. Few, however, were employed in factories.{{Cite web|url=https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4308-chernigov|title=CHERNIGOV - JewishEncyclopedia.com|website=jewishencyclopedia.com}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/chernigov|title = Chernigov}}

During World War II, Chernihiv was occupied by the German Army from 9 September 1941 to 21 September 1943. The Germans operated a Nazi prison{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=802|title=Gefängnis Cernihiv|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=26 February 2022|language=de}} and a forced labour battalion for Jews in the city.{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100002307|title=Jüdisches Arbeitsbataillon Cernihiv|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=26 February 2022|language=de}}

The Statue of Lenin on Myru Avenue was toppled on February 21, 2014, as part of the demolitions of the statues of Lenin in Ukraine.{{cite web|title="Leninopad" continues – monuments dismantled in Dnipropetrovsk, Poltava and Chernihiv|url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/02/22/7015627/|publisher=Ukrainska Pravda|date=2014-02-22}}{{youTube|6X4KzlEMioI|The monument of Lenin in Chernihiv has fallen}}

Until 18 July 2020, Chernihiv was designated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to Chernihiv Raion even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernihiv Oblast to five, the city was merged into Chernihiv Raion.{{Cite news|title=Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ.|url=http://www.golos.com.ua/article/333466|access-date=2020-10-03|date=2020-07-18|website=Голос України|language=uk}}{{cite web |title=Нові райони: карти + склад |date=17 July 2020 |url=https://www.minregion.gov.ua/press/news/novi-rajony-karty-sklad/ |publisher=Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України |language=uk}}

In June 2022, Chernihiv signed an agreement with Rzeszów, Poland to become sister cities.{{Cite web |title=Rzeszow Signs Partnership Agreement With Chernihiv {{!}} MENAFN.COM |url=https://menafn.com/1104411532/Rzeszow-Signs-Partnership-Agreement-With-Chernihiv |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=menafn.com}}{{Cite web |title=Rzeszow signs partnership agreement with Chernihiv |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-society/3512211-rzeszow-signs-partnership-agreement-with-chernihiv.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=www.ukrinform.net |date=21 June 2022 |language=en}}

File:Russian plane with bombs shot down over Chernihiv (1).jpg with bombs shot down over Chernihiv]]

{{Main article|Siege of Chernihiv}}

On 24 February 2022, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the city was under siege by the Russian Armed Forces according to the Russian Ministry of Defense,{{cite web|url=https://t.me/bbbreaking/116512|title=Раньше всех. Ну почти.|website=t.me|access-date=2022-02-25}} in its first battle since the Second World War. On 10 March 2022, Mayor Vladyslav Atroshenko announced that the city had been completely encircled by Russian forces.{{Cite news |last=Santora |first=Marc |date=2022-03-10 |title=What Happened on Day 15 of Russia's Invasion of Ukraine |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/03/10/world/ukraine-russia-war |access-date=2022-03-18 |issn=0362-4331}}

On 5 April 2022, Governor of Chernihiv Oblast Vyacheslav Chaus stated that the Russian military had left Chernihiv Oblast, but that it had planted mines in many areas.[https://ukranews.com/en/news/846757-russian-military-leaves-chernihiv-region-plants-mines-in-many-areas-governor-chaus Russian Military Leaves Chernihiv Region, Plants Mines In Many Areas - Governor Chaus], Ukrainian News Agency (5 April 2022){{cite web |url= https://www.0462.ua/news/3382032/10-najbils-zrujnovanih-mist-ukraini-sered-akih-i-misto-geroj-cernigiv-video |title=10 найбільш зруйнованих міст України, серед яких і місто-герой – Чернігів (ВІДЕО) |date=2022-05-03 |publisher=0462}}{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-61554365 |title=Три месяца войны России в Украине: главные события, фотографии и инфографика |date=2022-05-24 |work=BBC News {{!}} Русская служба}}

On 19 August 2023, a Russian missile strike killed seven in the city. On 17 April 2024, another Russian missile strike killed around 18 people in the city.{{cite news | title=Russia hits Chernihiv, killing 18 as Ukraine pleads for air defense| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/04/17/chernihiv-missile-strike-civilians-killed/ |newspaper=The Washington Post|date=17 April 2024 |access-date=17 April 2024| author=Siobhán O'Grady, Kostiantyn Khudov}}

{{historical populations|1897|27716|1926|34359|1939|68597|1959|89585|1970|158873|1979|238141|1989|296347|2001|304994|2011|296896|2022|282747|align=right|cols=1|source={{Cite web|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/ukraine-cities.htm|title=Cities & towns of Ukraine|website=pop-stat.mashke.org}}}}

Distribution of the population by ethnicity according to the 2001 census:{{cite web | url=https://datatowel.in.ua/pop-composition/ethnic-cities | title=Національний склад міст }}

{{bar box|title=Ethnic groups in Chernihiv|titlebar=#ddd|left1=|right1=percent|bars={{bar percent|Ukrainians|dodgerblue|86.27}}

{{bar percent|Russians|purple|10.63}}

{{bar percent|Belarusians|red|1.15}}

{{bar percent|Jews|lightblue|0.35}}

{{bar percent|Armenians|brown|0.12}}

{{bar percent|Poles|yellow|0.09}}

{{bar percent|others|gray|1.39}}}}

Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:{{cite web | lang=uk | url=https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/ | title=Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України}}

Despite considering Ukrainian a native language, many still didn't use it in daily life, as Russian remained the primary language for communication in Chernihiv.{{cite book |last1=Bilaniuk |first1=Laada |title=Multilingualism in Post-Soviet Countries |author2=Svitlana Melnyk |publisher=Multilingual Matters |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-84769-087-6 |editor=Aneta Pavlenko |editor-link=Aneta Pavlenko |page=85 |chapter=A Tense and Shifting Balance: Bilingualism and Education in Ukraine |access-date=November 25, 2015 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WO_I4d612fMC&pg=PA85 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508130654/https://books.google.com/books?id=WO_I4d612fMC&pg=PA85 |archive-date=May 8, 2016 |url-status=live}} A 2017 survey that asked what language do participants use at home revealed that only Ukrainian was spoken only by 18% of the city's population, both Ukrainian and Russian were at 28%, while Russian was the most at 53%.{{Cite journal |date=February 2017 |title=Third Annual Ukrainian Municipal Survey |url=https://www.iri.org/wp-content/uploads/legacy/iri.org/ukraine_nationwide_municipal_survey_final.pdf |journal=International Republican Institute |language=en}}

The 2022 Russian invasion caused a new wave of Ukrainization in Chernihiv, with more and more people switching to Ukrainian in their private lives.{{Cite web |date=2023-03-10 |title=У 2022 році збільшилась кількість людей, які розмовляють українською мовою в повсякденному житті — опитування |url=https://hromadske.ua/posts/u-2022-roci-zbilshilas-kilkist-lyudej-yaki-rozmovlyayut-ukrayinskoyu-movoyu-v-povsyakdennomu-zhitti-opituvannya |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=hromadske.ua |language=uk}} According to a survey conducted by the International Republican Institute between April and May 2023, 53% of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home, and 41% spoke Russian.{{Cite web|url=https://ratinggroup.ua/files/ratinggroup/reg_files/municipal_survey_may_2023_ua_-_final.pdf|title=Восьме всеукраїнське муніципальне опитування Квітень – Травень 2023}}

Chernihiv stands on the Desna River {{cvt|150|km}} to the north-northeast of Kyiv.

The area was served by Chernihiv Shestovytsia Airport prior to 2002, and during the Cold War it was the site of Chernihiv air base.

==== Desna River ====

The city of Chernihiv is crossed by Desna River, a major left tributary of the Dnieper River. "Desna" means "right hand" in the Old East Slavic language. It is {{cvt|1,130|km}} long, and has a drainage basin that covers {{cvt|88,900|km2}}.

In Ukraine, the river's width ranges from {{cvt|60 to 250|m}}, with its average depth being {{cvt|3|m}}. The mean annual discharge at its mouth is {{cvt|360| m3/s}}. The river freezes over from early December to early April and is navigable from Novhorod-Siverskyi to its mouth, for about {{cvt|535|km}}.

Right trubutary of the Desna river. {{cvt|32.5|km}} long with a {{cvt|168|km2}} basin. This river flows into the Desna river just behind the historical center of Chernihiv.

The Snov River, right tributary of the Desna River (Dnieper basin) has its mouth 12 km to the east of Chernihiv. The length of the river is {{cvt|253|km}}. The area of its drainage basin is {{cvt|8,700|km2}}. The Snov freezes in November – late January and stays icebound until March – early April. Part of the river forms the Russia–Ukraine border.

According to Ruthenian chronicles, in 1068 a battle took place at the Snov River between Duke of Chernihiv Sviatoslav Yaroslavich and Cumans led by Duke Sharukan.

Chernihiv has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) with cold, cloudy and snowy winters, and warm, sunny summers. The average annual temperature for Chernihiv is {{convert|7.0|°C|°F|abbr=on}}, ranging from a low of {{convert|-5.6|°C|°F|abbr=on}} in January to a high of {{convert|19.5|°C|°F|abbr=on}} in July. Precipitation is well distributed throughout the year though precipitation is higher during the summer months and lower during the winter months. The record high was {{convert|41.1|°C|°F|abbr=on}} and the record low was {{convert|-36.0|°C|°F|abbr=on}}.

{{Weather box

| location = Chernihiv (1991–2020, extremes 1948–present)

| metric first = Y

| single line = Y

| Jan record high C = 12.1

| Feb record high C = 16.2

| Mar record high C = 24.6

| Apr record high C = 29.7

| May record high C = 33.5

| Jun record high C = 36.0

| Jul record high C = 41.1

| Aug record high C = 38.0

| Sep record high C = 35.5

| Oct record high C = 27.8

| Nov record high C = 18.4

| Dec record high C = 13.1

| year record high C = 41.1

| Jan high C = −1.7

| Feb high C = −0.2

| Mar high C = 5.7

| Apr high C = 14.5

| May high C = 20.8

| Jun high C = 24.3

| Jul high C = 26.3

| Aug high C = 25.6

| Sep high C = 19.5

| Oct high C = 12.2

| Nov high C = 4.3

| Dec high C = −0.4

| year high C = 12.6

| Jan mean C = −4.2

| Feb mean C = −3.4

| Mar mean C = 1.4

| Apr mean C = 9.0

| May mean C = 15.0

| Jun mean C = 18.6

| Jul mean C = 20.5

| Aug mean C = 19.3

| Sep mean C = 13.8

| Oct mean C = 7.5

| Nov mean C = 1.7

| Dec mean C = −2.7

| year mean C = 8.0

| Jan low C = −6.6

| Feb low C = −6.3

| Mar low C = −2.3

| Apr low C = 3.9

| May low C = 9.4

| Jun low C = 13.0

| Jul low C = 15.0

| Aug low C = 13.6

| Sep low C = 8.8

| Oct low C = 3.6

| Nov low C = −0.7

| Dec low C = −4.9

| year low C = 3.9

| Jan record low C = −36.0

| Feb record low C = −33.9

| Mar record low C = −29.9

| Apr record low C = −13.9

| May record low C = −3.3

| Jun record low C = 1.1

| Jul record low C = 4.6

| Aug record low C = 2.0

| Sep record low C = −4.3

| Oct record low C = −10.8

| Nov record low C = −23.5

| Dec record low C = −28.0

| year record low C = −36.0

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 37

| Feb precipitation mm = 38

| Mar precipitation mm = 35

| Apr precipitation mm = 36

| May precipitation mm = 63

| Jun precipitation mm = 62

| Jul precipitation mm = 74

| Aug precipitation mm = 54

| Sep precipitation mm = 53

| Oct precipitation mm = 49

| Nov precipitation mm = 46

| Dec precipitation mm = 46

| year precipitation mm =

| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 8.9

| Feb precipitation days = 9.2

| Mar precipitation days = 8.4

| Apr precipitation days = 6.3

| May precipitation days = 8.9

| Jun precipitation days = 8.3

| Jul precipitation days = 8.9

| Aug precipitation days = 6.4

| Sep precipitation days = 7.1

| Oct precipitation days = 7.6

| Nov precipitation days = 8.5

| Dec precipitation days = 9.8

| year precipitation days = 98.3

| Jan snow days = 16

| Feb snow days = 13

| Mar snow days = 8

| Apr snow days = 2

| May snow days = 0

| Jun snow days = 0

| Jul snow days = 0

| Aug snow days = 0

| Sep snow days = 0

| Oct snow days = 2

| Nov snow days = 8

| Dec snow days = 15

| year snow days = 64

| Jan humidity = 85.2

| Feb humidity = 81.7

| Mar humidity = 75.0

| Apr humidity = 69.4

| May humidity = 65.8

| Jun humidity = 67.6

| Jul humidity = 69.5

| Aug humidity = 68.5

| Sep humidity = 74.4

| Oct humidity = 80.6

| Nov humidity = 86.8

| Dec humidity = 87.1

| year humidity = 75.6

| Jan sun = 46

| Feb sun = 71

| Mar sun = 140

| Apr sun = 197

| May sun = 275

| Jun sun = 300

| Jul sun = 300

| Aug sun = 275

| Sep sun = 189

| Oct sun = 120

| Nov sun = 42

| Dec sun = 35

| year sun = 1990

|source 1 = Pogoda.ru{{cite web

| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/33135.htm

| script-title = ru:Погода и Климат – Климат Чернигов

| trans-title = Weather and Climate – The Climate of Chernihiv

| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)

| language = ru

| access-date = 29 October 2021}}

|source 2 = NOAA (humidity/precipitation/sun 1991-2020),{{Cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250419035704/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/6.6/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/Chernihiv_33135.csv

| archive-date = 19 April 2025

| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/CHERNIHIV_33135.csv

| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Chernihiv-33135

| access-date = 19 April 2025

| website =ncei.noaa.gov

| publisher =National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration

| no-pp=y

| format = CSV }} Weatherbase (snow days){{cite web

| url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=53133&cityname=Chernihiv-Ukraine

| title = Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Chernihiv, Ukraine

| publisher = Weatherbase

| access-date = March 1, 2013}}

}}

{{See also|Ancient Chernihiv}}

Chernihiv's architectural monuments chronicle the two most flourishing periods in the city's history – those of Kievan Rus' (11th and 12th centuries) and of the Cossack Hetmanate (late 17th and early 18th centuries).

The oldest church in the city and one of the oldest churches in Ukraine is the 5-domed Transfiguration Cathedral, commissioned in the early 1030s by Mstislav the Bold and completed several decades later by his brother, Yaroslav the Wise. The Cathedral of Sts Boris and Gleb, dating from the mid-12th century, was much rebuilt in succeeding periods, before being restored to its original shape in the 20th century. Likewise built in brick, it has a single dome and six pillars.

The crowning achievement of Chernihiv masters was the exquisite Piatnytska Church, constructed at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries. This graceful building was seriously damaged in the Second World War; its original medieval outlook was reconstructed to a design by Pyotr Baranovsky.

The historic center of Chernihiv has been on the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List since 1989,{{Cite web |title=Historic Centre of Tchernigov, 9th -13th centuries |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/668/ |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}} but currently the creation of a renewed nomination is underway.{{Cite web |last=Shaposhnikov |first=Denys |date=2023-01-26 |title=Історичний центр Чернігова подають до списку Світової спадщини ЮНЕСКО |url=https://suspilne.media/367078-istoricnij-centr-cernigova-podaut-do-spisku-svitovoi-spadsini-unesko/ |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=Суспільне Новини |language=uk}}{{Cite news |date=2023-05-16 |title=«Культурний ландшафт Чернігова»: чергова спроба включити до Списку всесвітньої спадщини ЮНЕСКО історичну частину міста |url=https://oldchernihiv.com/kulturnyj-landshaft-chernigova-chergova-sproba-vklyuchyty-do-spysku-vsesvitnoyi-spadshhyny-yunesko-istorychnu-chastynu-mista/ |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=Чернігів Стародавній |language=uk}}

File:Regimental Chancellery building. Chernihiv.jpg|Regimental Chancellery building

File:Чернігів. Єлецький монастир. Успенський собор..JPG|Yeletsky monastery cathedral was modeled after that of Kyiv Pechersk Lavra. Note the contrast between its austere 12th-century walls and baroque 17th-century domes.

File:Панорама Филармония 01.jpg|Chernihiv Philharmony

File:2014 Готель Десна Чернігів.jpg|Hotel Desna

File:Музей українських старожитностей Тарновського.jpg|Tarnovsky Museum of Antiquities

The earliest residential buildings in the downtown date from the late 17th century, a period when a Cossack regiment was deployed there. Two most representative residences are those of Polkovnyk Lyzohub (1690s) and Polkovnyk Polubotok (18th century). The former mansion, popularly known as the Mazepa House, used to contain the regiment's chancellery. One of the most profusely decorated Cossack structures is undoubtedly the ecclesiastical collegium, surmounted by a bell-tower (1702). The archbishop's residence was constructed nearby in the 1780s. St. Catherine Church (1715), with its 5 gilded pear domes, traditional for Ukrainian architecture, is thought to have been intended as a memorial to the regiment's exploits during the storm of Azov in 1696.

All through the most trying periods of its history, Chernihiv retained its ecclesiastical importance as the seat of either a bishopric or an archbishopric. At the outskirts of the modern city lie two ancient cave monasteries formerly used as the bishops' residences.

The caves of the Yeletskyi Monastery are said to predate those of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra (Kyiv Monastery of the Caves). Its magnificent six-pillared cathedral was erected at the turn of the 11th to 12th centuries; some traces of its 750-year-old murals may still be seen in the interior. After the domes collapsed in 1611, they were augmented and reconstructed in the Ukrainian baroque style. The wall, monastic cells, and bell-tower all date from the 17th century.

The nearby mother superior's house is thought to be the oldest residential building in the Left-Bank Ukraine. The cloister's holiest icon used to be that of Theotokos, who made her epiphany to Sviatoslav of Chernigov on 6 February 1060. The icon, called Yeletskaya after the fir wood it was painted upon, was taken to Moscow by Svyatoslav's descendants, the Baryatinsky family, in 1579.

File:Spas sobor.jpg|The Savior Transfiguration Cathedral of Chernihiv (1030s) is the oldest in Ukraine.

File:П'ятницька церква (Чернігів) біля фонтану.jpg|Piatnytska Church of Saint Paraskevi (c. 1201, restored after World War II).

File:8116 Чернигов. Вид на Борисоглебскую церковь и Спасопреображенский собор.jpg|Borysohlibskyi Cathedral (1120s)

File:Чернігівський колегіум (Чернігів).jpg|Chernihiv Collegium (1700s)

File:St. Catherine Church.jpg|Catherine's Church (1715s)

The nearby Chernihiv Glory Memorial we can find Saint Anthony Caves of Saint Elijah and the Holy Trinity features a small eponymous church, built 800 years ago. The roomy Trinity cathedral, one of the most imposing monuments of Cossack baroque, was erected between 1679 and 1689. Its refectory, with the adjoining church of Presentation to the Temple, was finished by 1679. There are also the 17th-century towered walls, monastic cells, and the five-tiered belfry from the 1780s.

Other historic abbeys in the vicinity of Chernihiv include those in Kozelets and Hustynia, which feature superb examples of Ukrainian Baroque.

Cheksil, one of the largest enterprises in the Ukrainian textile industry, is based in Chernihiv. The first stage of the plant was put into operation in 1963.{{cite web |title=КОМПАНІЯ "ЧЕКСІЛ" |url=https://chernigiv-rada.gov.ua/more-pages/id-35126/ |website=wwww.chernigiv-rada.gov.ua |access-date=3 November 2020}} The city also has the Chernihiv Musical Instrument Factory established in 1933. In 1995 a manufacturer of goods for animals, called COLLAR Company, was established by Yuri Sinitsa.{{cite web |title=Collar |url=https://findtm.ru/card/41/415760.html |website=www.findtm.ru |access-date=2 January 2021}}{{cite web |title=ЮРИЙ СИНИЦА – ГЕНЕРАТОР ИДЕЙ |url=https://zoomir.ru/business/people/yurij_sinitsa_generator_idej |website=www.zoomir.ru |access-date=2 January 2021 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{cite web |title=Yuri Sinitsa, the COLLAR Company owner, became one of the winners! |url=https://collarglobal.com/en/the-collar-company-owner-became-the-winner-of-pet-icon-awards/|website=www.collarglobal.com |date=10 July 2019|access-date=2 January 2021}}

File:Cdtu-wiki.jpg]] Chernihiv has the Chernihiv Polytechnic National University and Taras Shevchenko National University "Chernihiv College".

File:Железнодорожный вокзал. Чернигов.jpg in Chernihiv]] Chernihiv has a train station with bus station called Chernihiv Ovruch railway. Narrow gauge railway of 76 versts was laid from the Kruty station of the Moscow Kyiv-Voronezh railway towards Chernihiv. In 1893, on the left bank of the Desna River, in the area of a modern automobile bridge, a railway station was built along the Kyiv highway. Passengers were delivered here from the city and back by horse transport.

In 1925, traffic was opened on the Nizhyn to Chernigiv section of the Southwest Railway. But rail transport in Chernihiv was postponed until 1928. The bridge over the Desna River was not ready and trains still arrived on the left bank, where the old narrow-gauge railway station was located, and passengers got to Chernihiv by road bridge. According to 2006 data, the volume of freight traffic is 84,737 wagons per year. Over 4.5 million passengers are transported each year.

However, the condition of the rolling stock and the quality of the services provided do not meet modern requirements. Since the introduction of the new high-speed train timetable, the trailed wagons of the 93/94 Chernihiv – Odesa train were canceled. As of 2015, regular trains from Minsk to Odesa, and from St. Petersburg to Kyiv to Kharkiv run through Chernihiv, and there are direct connections with Moscow. Trains to Crimea (Simferopol, Feodosia) were canceled on 27 December 2014 due to Russia's annexation of Crimea.

The area was served by Chernihiv Shestovytsia Airport, and during the Cold War it was the site of Chernihiv air base. The close airport is in Kyiv at the Boryspil Airport located {{convert|143.1|km|0|abbr=off}} away, and the smaller, municipally owned Zhuliany Airport located {{cvt|158.7|km}} away on the southern outskirts of the city of Kyiv.

File:498 11т Chernihiv.jpg

A popular transport to Chernihiv from Kyiv is marshrutka from Chernihivska and Lisova metro stations, which go to the centre of Chernihiv, often to Peremohy Avenue. Buses to Novhorod-Siverskyi leave hourly from Chernihiv's Central bus station, located near the Chernihiv train station.

Public transport includes buses and trolleybuses. There is no direct connection between railway station and Chernihiv-1 bus station to the most central sights on the Val. Trolleybus 1 and bus 38 are going to the Drama Theater stop near Piatnytska Church. Different routes come to Hotel Ukraine from different sides.

{{See also|List of Chernihiv Sport Teams}}

File:Players of FC Desna Chernihiv 2014-05-22.jpg 2014-05-22]]

The main Football club of Chernihiv is called FC Desna Chernihiv, the original name of the club was "Avanhard Chernihiv" during its first year of existence. Between 1961 and 1970 the club was called Desna. In 1972 it was replaced with SC Chernihiv (team of the SKA Kyiv) that played in Chernihiv for the next couple of years. In 1977 Desna was revived now in place of the amateur club "Khimik Cherhihiv" that won regional competitions. On 27 May 2018, the team got promoted to the Ukrainian Premier League for the first time in their history.

The original team colours were blue shirts, blue shorts, blue socks. The team got into the Quarterfinals of the Ukrainian Cup in the season 2017–18 against Dynamo Kyiv. The club and during the season 2019–20 got again into the Quarterfinals of the Ukrainian Cup for the second time of the history of the club. In Premier League in the season 2019–20, Desna got into the play-offs for the Championship round table and qualified mathematically at least for the Europa League third qualifying round, for the first time in the history of the Club since 1960.{{cite web |title=FC Desna Chernihiv qualified for the Europa League for the first time since 1960 |url=https://thetimeshub.in/thanks-dynamo-desna-for-the-first-time-made-it-to-the-competition-consequences-of-the-ukrainian-cup-final/44633/ |website=thetimeshub.in |access-date=9 July 2020 |archive-date=10 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710005135/https://thetimeshub.in/thanks-dynamo-desna-for-the-first-time-made-it-to-the-competition-consequences-of-the-ukrainian-cup-final/44633/ |url-status=dead }}

FC Chernihiv is another club in the city of Chernihiv, founded in 2003, which they play in Chernihiv Arena, they won the Chernihiv Oblast Football Championship. The club in 2020, got a certificate for vistup to participate for the Ukrainian Second League for the season 2020–21. For the first time in the entire history, the place will be represented in professional football by two teams, one of which is FC Desna Chernihiv.{{cite web |title=FC Chernihiv |url=http://www.svoboda.fm/chernigov/274538.html |website=www.svoboda.fm |access-date= 22 August 2020}} In 2022 the club was admitted into the Ukrainian First League for the season 2022–23, keeping high the name of the city in the sport sphere.{{cite web |title=ФК Чернігів у новому сезоні зіграє у Першій лізі |url=https://sportarena.com/uk/footboll/ukraina-pervaya-liga/fk-chernigiv-u-novomu-sezoni-zigraye-u-pershij-lizi/ |website=www.sportarena.com |date=12 August 2022 |access-date=12 August 2022}}{{cite web |title=Чернігів у новому сезоні зіграє у Першій лізі |url=https://sport.ua/uk/news/592161-chernigov-v-novom-sezone-sygraet-v-pervoy-lige |website=www.sport.ua |access-date=12 August 2022}}

WFC Lehenda-ShVSM Chernihiv is Ukrainian professional women's football club from Chernihiv. The team won 6 times the Top Division, four times the Women's Cup and been in both competition second only behind Zhytlobud-1 Kharkiv. The club won also the Italy Women's Cup in 2007. In the 2001–02, 2003–04, 2006–07 seasons they played in the UEFA Women's Cup.

{{See also|List of Chernihiv Sport Complex}}

File:Chernihiv Yuri Gagarin Stadium.jpg in Chernihiv]]

The Club of FC Desna Chernihiv played at the Olympic sports training center "Chernihiv" (formerly Stadion Yuriya Gagarina). The Chernihiv Stadium was built in 1936 for 3,000 spectators in eastern portion of a city park (garden) that exists since 1804 and where previously was located residence of the Chernihiv Archbishops.

The city of Chernihiv has also another sport complex called Chernihiv Arena in Kil'tseva St, 2а, Chernihiv, Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine, 14039. Here play the club FC Chernihiv, WFC Lehenda-ShVSM Chernihiv the Ukrainian professional women's football club of city and sometimes by Desna-2 Chernihiv, Desna-3 Chernihiv.

• Old Jewish Cemetery{{cite web |title=Jewish cemetery|url=https://www.esjf-surveys.org/surveys-in-ukraine/object/chernihiv-jewish-cemetery/?|website=www.esjf-surveys.org |access-date=19 November 2020}}{{cite web |title=Chernihiv |url=http://jewua.org/chernigov/ |website=www.jewua.org |date=10 April 2012 |access-date=19 November 2020}}{{cite web |title=Chernigov Jewish cemetery|url=https://benjaminbelenky.medium.com/chernigov-jewish-cemetery-b7912068de78 |website=www.medium.com |date=9 April 2018 |access-date=19 November 2020}}
• Old Cemetery
• Yatsevo Cemetery
• Yelovshchyna Cemetery
• Kotovske Cemetery
• Stara Basan Cemetery
• Radomka Cemetery
• Palchyky Selo Cemetery
• Kholmy Ukraine Cemetery

File:St.Catherine Church 2.jpg|St. Catherine's Church

File:AX Chernihiv Pyatnytska Church.jpg|The Piatnytska Church Friday (c. 1201, restored after World War II).

File:Храм архістратига Михаїла з дзвіницею (Чернігів).jpg|Church of the Archangel Michael

File:Чернігів Осінній Вал Дитинець літописного міста фото 01.jpg|Dytynets Park

File:Boldina gora.jpg|Boldyni Hory

File:Чернігів. Червона площа.jpg|Krasna Square and Shevchenko Theatre

File:Iwan Mazepa. Brąz, marmur. 2009 Czernihów, Ukraina.jpg|Monument to Hetman Mazepa by Giennadij Jerszow

File:Драматичний театр ім.Т.Г.Шевченка - Teatro Dramático Shevchenko.jpg|Opera and Drama Theatre, designed by Semyon Fridlin

File:All Saints of Chernihiv Church.JPG|Church of All Saints

File:Кинотеатр Щорса (Чернигов).jpg|Building of the Chernihiv Regional Youth Center (former Shchors theater)

File:Chernigiv Desna hotel IMG 8722 74-101-0076.JPG|Hotel Desna

File:Chernihiv City Council.jpg|Chernihiv City Council

File:Чернігів 2014 Будинок архієпископа 1.jpg|Archbishop's residence

File:2015 Будинок губернатора Чернігів.jpg|Chernihiv Regional Art Museum

File:Будинок-музей М. Коцюбинського.JPG|Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi Museum

File:Чернігів. Музей українських старожитностей Тарновського.JPG|House of Tarnovsky, now Museum of Antiquities

File:Церква Михайла та Федора Чернігів Фото 02.jpg|Church of Saint Michael and Saint Fedor in Chernihiv

File:Красный мост. Фото Виктора Белоусова. - panoramio (1).jpg|Red Bridge

File:Чернигов - Архитектура 068.jpg|Old and modern buildings

File:Чернигов, главпочтамт.JPG|Central Post Office

File:Залізничний вокзал Чернігів.jpg|Chernihiv Ovruch railway

File:Novozavods'kyi district, Chernihiv, Chernihivs'ka oblast, Ukraine - panoramio - Leonid Andronov.jpg|Monument to Soldiers Liberators

File:Чернигов - Архитектура 204.jpg|New apartment block

File:Чернигов - Городская больница 1.jpg|City hospital

File:Обласна філармонія у Чернігові.jpg|Chernihiv philharmony

File:Чернигов - Палац Урочистих Подій.jpg|Wedding Palace

File:Desna River in Chernihiv.jpg|Desna River

File:Snov river (Sedniv, Ukraine) - 1.jpg|Snov River

File:Чернигов (U310).JPG|Chernihiv (U310)

File:Чернігів. Бібліотека ім. Короленка.JPG|Korolenko Chernihiv Regional Universal Scientific Library

{{wide image|Square - panoramio - Wolodymyr Lavrynenko.jpg|1973px|A panoramic view of the Krasna Square}}

{{wide image|Чернігів вид на дитинець з боку Десни.jpg|1373px|A Chernihiv panorama from Desna River to Catherine's Church}}

• List of honorary citizens of Chernihiv

File:Атрошенко Владислав Анатолійович.JPG, 2013]]

File:Сашко Чемеров на Руйнації 2012.jpg, 2012]]

File:Yulia Svyrydenko.jpg, 2021]]

• Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko (1883–1938), Soviet Bolshevik leader and diplomat
• Vladyslav Atroshenko (born 1968) a Ukrainian politician and mayor of Chernihiv.
• Angelica Balabanoff (1878–1965) a Jewish Russian-Italian social democratic activist.
• Xenia Belmas (1890–1981) a Ukrainian soprano, doyenne of the Paris Opera
• Oleksandr Chemerov (born 1981) rock musician and frontman of rock band Dymna Sumish
• Stepan Davydov (1777–1825) an Imperial Russian composer and singer.
• Olga Della-Vos-Kardovskaya (1875–1952) a Russian painter and graphic artist.
• Nikolai Fedorovich Drozdov (1862–1953), scientist and Red Army general
• Alter Esselin (1889–1974) a Jewish-American poet who wrote in the Yiddish language.
• Haim Gamzu (1910–1982) an Israeli art and drama critic.
• Mordechai Hershman (1888–1940) an American Jewish cantor ("chazzan") and singer.
• Isaac of Chernigov (12th C.) a Jewish scholar on questions of Biblical exegesis
• Giennadij Jerszow (born 1967), Polish and Ukrainian sculptor and jewellery designer
• Yehuda L. Katzenelson (1846–1917) a military doctor, writer and publicist of Hebrew Literature.
• Anna Leporskaya (1900–1982), Soviet avant-garde artist
• Oleh Liashko (born 1972) a Ukrainian politician and journalist, leader of the Radical Party.
• Mykola Marchenko (born 1943) sculptor
• Anna Maximovitch (1901–1943) a Russian aristocrat and neuropsychiatrist
• Basile Maximovitch (1902–1944) Russian aristocrat, mining engineer and Soviet agent
• Zelda Mishkovsky (1914–1984), known as Zelda, an Israeli poet.
• Solomon Nikritin (1898–1965) a painter, avant-garde artist, philosopher and author.
• Alexander Ozersky (1813–1880) a noble Russian military geologist and governor of Tomsk.
• Anatoly Rybakov (1911–1998) Soviet and Ukrainian writer of novels and children books
• Valeria Shashenok (born 2001), Ukrainian photographer and 2022 war refugee
• Sviatoslav III of Kiev (1126–1194) ruled Kiev alongside Rurik Rostislavich
• Yulia Svyrydenko (born 1985) First Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine since November 2021.
• Jacob Tamarkin (1888–1945), Russian-American mathematician
• Dora Wasserman (1919–2003) a Jewish-Canadian actress, playwright and theatre director.

File:Hertha BSC vs. West Ham United 20190731 (210).jpg, 2019]]

• Oleksandr Batyuk (born 1960) cross-country skier, team silver medallist at the 1984 Winter Olympics
• Denys Bezborodko (born 1994), Ukrainian footballer with 200 club caps
• Yana Doroshenko (born 1994), Ukrainian-born Azerbaijani volleyball player
• Vitaliy Havrysh (born 1986) retired Ukrainian footballer with 400 club caps
• Yuriy Hruznov (born 1947), goalkeeper and coach, 116 club caps with FC Desna Chernihiv
• Tatiana Kostiuk (born 1982) French chess player and Woman chess Grandmaster.
• Alexander Kovchan (born 1983) a Ukrainian chess Grandmaster
• Tatiana Melamed (born 1974) German Woman chess grandmaster
• Dmytro Mytrofanov (born 1989) a Ukrainian middleweight professional boxer
• Andriy Protsko (born 1947), Ukrainian footballer, over 300 club caps for FC Desna Chernihiv
• Vladimir Savon (1940–2005) a Ukrainian chess player and Grandmaster.
• Yukhym Shkolnykov (1939–2009) Ukrainian coach and Soviet footballer.
• Eduard Weitz (born 1946), Israeli Olympic weightlifter
• Andriy Yarmolenko (born 1989), Ukrainian footballer with 398 club caps and 152 for Ukraine plays for FC Dynamo Kyiv

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine}}

Chernihiv is twinned with:{{cite web |title=Міста партнери міста Чернігова|url=https://chernigiv-rada.gov.ua/citypartners-list/|website=chernigiv-rada.gov.ua|publisher=Chernihiv|language=uk|access-date=2022-11-23}}

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

• {{flagicon|BUL}} Gabrovo, Bulgaria
• {{flagicon|BLR}} Gomel, Belarus
• {{flagicon|CZE}} Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
• {{flagicon|FIN}} Lappeenranta, Finland
• {{flagicon|GER}} Memmingen, Germany
• {{flagicon|LVA}} Ogre, Latvia
• {{flagicon|ISR}} Petah Tikva, Israel
• {{flagicon|MKD}} Prilep, North Macedonia
• {{flagicon|POL}} Rzeszów, Poland
• {{flagicon|POL}} Tarnobrzeg, Poland

{{div col end}}

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

• Ocherk istorii goroda Chernigova 907–1907 gg. (Chernihiv 1908)
• Hrushevs'kyi, M. (ed). Chernihiv i Pivnichne Livoberezhzhia (Kyiv 1928)
• {{cite book | author=Martin Dimnik| title=The Dynasty of Chernigov, 1146–1246}}
• Rybakov, B. Drevnosti Chernigova (Moscow 1949)
• Ignatkin, I. Chernigov (Kyiv 1955)
• Iedomakha, I. Chernihiv (Kyiv 1958)
• {{cite book | author=Logvin, G.N. (Г. Н. Логвин)| title=Chernigov, Novgorod-Seversky, Glukhov, Putivl (Чернигов, Новгород-Северский, Глухов, Путивль)|publisher=Moscow| year=1965|language=ru}}
• Asieiev, Iu. Arkhitektura Kyïvs'koï Rusi (Kyiv 1969)
• Karnabida, A. Chernihiv. Istorychno-arkhitekturnyi narys (Kyiv 1969)
• (1972) Історіа міст і сіл Української CCP – Чернігівська область (History of Towns and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR – Chernihiv Oblast), Kyiv. {{in lang|uk}}
• Asieiev, Iu. Dzherela. Mystetstvo Kyïvs'koï Rusi (Kyiv 1980)
• {{cite book | author=Pyotr Rappoport (П. А. Раппопорт)| title=Ancient Russian Architecture (Древнерусская архитектура)| publisher=Saint-Petersburg| year=1993|language=ru}}

{{refend}}

{{Sister project links|Chernihiv|voy=Chernihiv}}

{{refbegin}}

• [http://ecity.cn.ua/ Chernihiv City Portal]
• [http://www.chernigiv-rada.gov.ua/ chernigiv-rada.gov.ua] — Official webportal of the Chernihiv City Rada {{in lang|uk|en}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100314024043/http://chernigovhotels.com/ Chernihiv guide]
• [http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?AddButton=pages\C\H\Chernihiv.htm Chernihiv] in the [http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com Encyclopedia of Ukraine]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20081123063912/http://www.stjohndc.org/Russian/theotokos/9909c.htm "Chernigov-Gethsemane" Icon of the Mother of God]. Russian Orthodox Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, Washington DC. (ROCOR).
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110708142018/http://chernigiv.com/map.html Chernihiv Sketch Map] — Sketch Map of Chernihiv
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120308180604/http://darusya.in.ua/ Chernihiv souvenirs] — Chernihiv Gifts and Souvenirs
• [http://jewua.org/chernigov/ History of Jewish Community in Chernigov]
• [http://www.yadvashem.org/untoldstories/database/index.asp?cid=413 The murder of the Jews of Chernihiv] during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.

{{refend}}

• [https://cn.locator.ua/?l=en An English-language city guide to Chernihiv]

{{Chernihiv Raion}}

{{Chernihiv Oblast}}

{{Administrative divisions of Ukraine}}

{{Cities in Ukraine}}

{{Hero Cities of Ukraine}}

{{Honorary citizenship}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities in Chernihiv Oblast

Category:Populated places on the Desna in Ukraine

Category:Archaeological sites in Ukraine

Category:Severians

Category:Cities of regional significance in Ukraine

Category:Holocaust locations in Ukraine

Category:Oblast centers in Ukraine

Category:Populated places established in the 10th century

Category:Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine