Chirodipterus

{{Short description|Extinct genus of fishes}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Givetian|Late Devonian|Middle to Late Devonian}}

| image = Chirodipterus australis.JPG

| image_caption = Specimen of "C." australis

| taxon = Chirodipterus

| authority = Gross, 1933

| type_species = {{extinct}}Chirodipterus wildungensis

| type_species_authority = Gross, 1933

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = See text

}}

Chirodipterus is an extinct genus of marine lungfish which lived during the Devonian period.{{Cite web |title=PBDB Taxon |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=34883 |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=paleobiodb.org}} Fossils have been found worldwide, including Germany, China, eastern & western Australia, and the United States (Michigan). However, it has been suggested that the genus as currently defined is polyphyletic, in which case only the German type species (C. wildungensis) would belong to the genus.{{Cite journal |last1=Qiao |first1=Tuo |last2=Zhu |first2=Min |date=2009 |title=A new tooth-plated lungfish from the Middle Devonian of Yunnan, China, and its phylogenetic relationships |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00381.x |journal=Acta Zoologica |language=en |volume=90 |issue=s1 |pages=236–252 |doi=10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00381.x |issn=0001-7272|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last1=Henderson |first1=Struan A. C. |last2=Challands |first2=Tom J. |date=2018-07-06 |title=The cranial endocast of the Upper Devonian dipnoan 'Chirodipterus' australis |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=6 |pages=e5148 |doi=10.7717/peerj.5148 |doi-access=free |pmid=30002977 |pmc=6037139 |issn=2167-8359}}

The following species are known:

• †C. australis Miles, 1977 - Frasnian of Western Australia (Gogo Formation){{cite journal |last1=Miles |first1=R. S. |year=1977 |title=Dipnoan (lungfish) skulls and the relationships of the group: a study based on new species from the Devonian of Australia |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=61 |issue=1–3 |pages=1–328 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1977.tb01031.x |issn=0024-4082}}
• †C. liangchengi Song & Chang, 1991 - Late Devonian of Hunan, China
• †C. onawayensis Schultze, 1982 - Givetian of Michigan, USA (Traverse Group){{Cite journal |last=Schultze |first=Hans-Peter |date=1982 |title=A dipterid dipnoan from the Middle Devonian of Michigan, U.S.A. |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1982.10011926 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=155–162 |doi=10.1080/02724634.1982.10011926 |bibcode=1982JVPal...2..155S |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}
• †C. potteri Kemp, 2000 - Frasnian and Famennian of New South Wales, Australia{{Cite journal |last=Kemp |first=Anne |date=2001-01-19 |title=Chirodipterus potteri , a new Devonian lungfish from New South Wales, Australia: and the ontogeny of chirodipterid tooth plates |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634%282000%29020%5B0665%3ACPANDL%5D2.0.CO%3B2 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=665–674 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0665:CPANDL]2.0.CO;2 |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}
• †C. rhenanus Mors, 1991 - Givetian of the Rhenish Massif, Germany{{Cite journal |last=Mörs |first=Thomas |date=1991-12-16 |title=Eine ungewöhnlich große Lungenfisch-Zahnplatte (Dipnoi, Chirodipteridae) aus dem Mitteldevon des rechtsrheinischen Schiefergebirges (Bergisches Land, Deutschland) |url=https://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/njgpm/detail/1991/92995/Eine_ungewohnlich_grosse_Lungenfisch_Zahnplatte_Dipnoi_Chirodipteridae_aus_dem_Mitteldevon_des_rechtsrheinischen_Schiefergebirges_Bergisches_Land_Deutschland |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte |language=en |pages=654–662 |doi=10.1127/njgpm/1991/1991/654|url-access=subscription }}
• †C. wildungensis Gross, 1933 - Late Devonian of Wildungen, Germany

File:Chirodipterus rhenanus piastra dentaria.jpgFile:An examination of the Devonian fishes of Michigan fig-12-full.pngThe former species C. paddyensis is now placed in the genus Gogodipterus.{{Cite journal |last=Long |first=John A. |date=1992 |title=Gogodipterus paddyensis (Miles), gen. nov., a new chirodipterid lungfish from the late Devonian Gogo formation, Western Australia |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/263113 |journal=The Beagle: Occasional Papers of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences |volume=9 |pages=11–20}} It has been suggested that the type species (C. wildungensis), is most closely related to Rhinodipterus, whereas 'C.' australis and 'C.' liangchengi are related to Pillararhynchus and Sorbitorhynchus.