Close-mid back rounded vowel

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol=o

|ipa number=307

|decimal=111

|x-sampa=o

|braille=o

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x006F.svg

}}

File:Spectrogram of close-mid back rounded vowel (IPA o).png

The close-mid back rounded vowel, or high-mid back rounded vowel,{{Vowel terminology}} is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|o}}.

Close-mid back protruded vowel

The close-mid back protruded vowel is the most common variant of the close-mid back rounded vowel. It is typically transcribed in IPA simply as {{angbr IPA|o}}, and that is the convention used in this article. As there is no dedicated diacritic for protrusion in the IPA, the symbol for the close-mid back rounded vowel with an old diacritic for labialization, {{angbr IPA| ̫}}, can be used as an ad hoc symbol {{angbr IPA|o̫}} for the close-mid back protruded vowel. Another possible transcription is {{angbr IPA|oʷ}} or {{angbr IPA|ɤʷ}} (a close-mid back vowel modified by endolabialization), but this could be misread as a diphthong.

In English, the symbol {{angbr IPA|o}} is typically associated with the vowel in the "goat", but in Received Pronunciation and General American, that vowel is a diphthong whose starting point may be unrounded and more centered than {{IPA|[o]}}.

For the close-mid near-back protruded vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol {{angbr IPA|ʊ}}, see near-close back protruded vowel. If the usual symbol is {{angbr IPA|o}}, the vowel is listed here.

=Features=

=Occurrence=

Because back rounded vowels are assumed to have protrusion, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have compression.

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Afrikaans	Standard{{sfnp\|Wissing\|2016\|loc=section "The rounded mid-high back vowel {{IPA\|/ɔ/}}"}}	{{lang\|af\|bok}}	{{IPA\|[bok]}}	'goat'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɔ}}. The height varies between close-mid {{IPA\|[o]}} and mid {{IPAblink\|ɔ̝}}.{{sfnp\|Wissing\|2016\|loc=section "The rounded mid-high back vowel {{IPA\|/ɔ/}}"}} See Afrikaans phonology
Bavarian	Amstetten dialect{{Harvcoltxt\|Traunmüller\|1982}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Ladefoged\|Maddieson\|1996\|p=290}}	{{example needed\|date=October 2014}}			Contrasts close {{IPAblink\|u}}, near-close {{IPAblink\|o̝}}, close-mid {{IPA\|[o]}} and open-mid {{IPAblink\|ɔ}} back rounded vowels in addition to the open central unrounded {{IPAblink\|ä}}. Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɔ}}.
colspan="2" \| Bulgarian{{sfnp\|Ternes\|Vladimirova-Buhtz\|1999\|p=56}}	{{lang\|bg\|уста}}/usta	{{IPA\|[os̪ˈt̪a]}}	'mouth'	Unstressed allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}} and {{IPA\|/ɔ/}}.{{sfnp\|Ternes\|Vladimirova-Buhtz\|1999\|p=56}} See Bulgarian phonology
colspan="2" \| Catalan{{sfnp\|Carbonell\|Llisterri\|1992\|p=54}}	{{lang\|ca\|sóc}}	{{IPA\|[sok]}}	'I am'	See Catalan phonology
Czech	Bohemian{{sfnp\|Dankovičová\|1999\|p=72}}	{{lang\|cs\|oko}}	{{IPA\|[ˈoko]}}	'eye'	Backness varies between back and near-back; may be realized as mid {{IPAblink\|o̞}} instead.{{sfnp\|Dankovičová\|1999\|p=72}} See Czech phonology
Danish	Standard{{sfnp\|Grønnum\|1998\|p=100}}{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|Johnson\|2010\|p=227}}	{{lang\|da\|kone}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkʰoːnə]}}	'wife'	Also described as near-close {{IPAblink\|o̝ː}}.{{sfnp\|Uldall\|1933\|p=?}}{{sfnp\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=47}} See Danish phonology
Dutch	Standard Belgian{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2005\|p=245}}	{{lang\|nl\|kool}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Nl-kool.ogg\|[koːɫ]}}	'cabbage'	In the Netherlands often diphthongized to {{IPA\|[oʊ]}}. See Dutch phonology
rowspan="8" \| English	Estuary	rowspan="4" \| yawn	rowspan="4" \| {{IPA\|[joːn]}}	rowspan="4" \| 'yawn'	rowspan="2" \| May be {{IPA\|[oʊ]}} or {{IPA\|[o̞ː]}} instead.
Cockney{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=310}}
Received Pronunciation{{sfnp\|Roach\|2004\|p=242}}	Typically transcribed with {{angbr IPA\|ɔː}}. See English phonology
South African{{sfnp\|Lass\|2002\|p=116}}	General and Broad varieties. Cultivated SAE has a more open vowel. See South African English phonology
General Indian{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=626}}	rowspan="3" \| go	rowspan="3" \| {{IPA\|[ɡoː]}}	rowspan="3" \| 'go'
General Pakistani{{sfnp\|Mahboob\|Ahmar\|2004\|p=1009}}	Varies between {{IPA\|[oː ~ əʊ ~ ʊ]}}.
Singaporean{{sfnp\|Deterding\|2000}}
Birmingham and the Black Country	rowspan="1" \| cut	rowspan="1" \| {{IPA\|[koʔ]}}	rowspan="1" \| 'cut'	Corresponds to {{IPA\|/ʌ/}} in other dialects.{{cite book \|last1=Clark \|first1=Urszula \|title=West Midlands English: Birmingham and the Black Country \|date=2013 \|page=1005 \|jstor=10.3366/j.ctt5hh397 \|isbn=9780748641697 \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt5hh397}}
colspan="2" \| Estonian{{sfnp\|Asu\|Teras\|2009\|p=368}}	{{lang\|et\|tool}}	{{IPA\|[toːlʲ]}}	'chair'	See Estonian phonology
colspan="2" \| Faroese{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|pp=68, 74–75}}	{{lang\|fo\|tola}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtʰoːla]}}	'to endure'	May be a diphthong {{IPA\|[oɔː ~ oəː]}} instead.{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|pp=68, 75}} See Faroese phonology
colspan="2" \| French{{sfnp\|Fougeron\|Smith\|1993\|p=73}}{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=225}}	{{lang\|fr\|réseau}}	{{audio-IPA\|Fr-Réseau-fr-Paris.ogg\|[ʁezo]}}	'network'	See French phonology
rowspan="2" \| German	Standard{{sfnp\|Hall\|2003\|pp=90, 107}}{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=34}}	{{lang\|de\|oder}}	{{Audio-IPA\|De-oder.ogg\|[ˈoːdɐ]}}	'or'	See Standard German phonology
Upper Saxon{{sfnp\|Khan\|Weise\|2013\|p=237}}	{{lang\|de\|sondern}}	{{IPA\|[ˈsɞ̝nd̥oˤn]}}	'except'	Pharyngealized; corresponds to {{IPAblink\|ɐ}} in Northern Standard German. The example word is from the Chemnitz dialect.{{sfnp\|Khan\|Weise\|2013\|p=237}}
Greek	Sfakian{{sfnp\|Trudgill\|2009\|pp=83–84}}	{{lang\|el\|μεταφράζω}} / {{Lang\|el-Latn\|metafrázō}} \| [metafrázo] \| 'translate'	Corresponds to mid {{IPAblink\|o̞}} in Modern Standard Greek.{{sfnp\|Trudgill\|2009\|p=81}} See Modern Greek phonology
colspan="2" \|Hindustani \|सोमवार \|[soːm.ʋɑːr] \|'Monday' \|See Hindustani phonology
colspan="2" \| Hungarian{{sfnp\|Szende\|1994\|p=94}}	{{lang\|hu\|kór}}	{{IPA\|[koːr]}}	'disease'	See Hungarian phonology
colspan="2" \| Italian{{sfnp\|Rogers\|d'Arcangeli\|2004\|p=119}}	{{lang\|it\|ombra}}	{{IPA\|[ˈombrä]}}	'shade'	See Italian phonology
colspan="2" \| Kaingang{{sfnp\|Jolkesky\|2009\|pp=676–677, 682}}	align="center" \| pipo \|{{IPA\|[pɪˈpo]}}	'toad'
colspan="2" \| Khmer	{{lang\|km\|ម៉ូលេគុល}} / {{Transliteration\|km\|molékŭl}}	{{IPA\|[moːleːkul]}}	'molecule'	See Khmer phonology
colspan="2" \| Korean	{{lang\|ko\|노래}} / {{lang\|ko-Latn\|norae}}	{{IPA\|[noɾε]}}	'song'	See Korean phonology
rowspan="2" \|Kurdish{{sfnp\|Thackston\|2006a\|p=1}}{{sfnp\|Khan\|Lescot\|1970\|pp=8-16}} \|Kurmanji (Northern) \|roj \| rowspan="2" \|{{IPA\|[roːʒ]}} \| rowspan="2" \|'day' \| rowspan="2" \|See Kurdish phonology
Sorani (Central) \|{{lang\|ku\|رۆژ}}/roj
Latin	Classical{{Sfnp\|Wheelock's Latin\|1956}}	{{lang\|la\|sol}}	{{IPA\|[soːl]}}	'sun'
Limburgish	Most dialects{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|p=159}}{{sfnp\|Peters\|2006\|p=119}}{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2007\|p=221}}	{{lang\|li\|hoof}}	{{IPA\|[ɦoːf]}}	'garden'	The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect.
colspan="2" \| Lower Sorbian{{sfnp\|Stone\|2002\|p=600}}	{{lang\|dsb\|wocy}}	{{IPA\|[ˈβ̞ot̪͡s̪ɪ]}}	'(two) eyes'	Diphthongized to {{IPA\|[u̯ɔ]}} in slow speech.{{sfnp\|Stone\|2002\|p=600}}
colspan="2" \| Luxembourgish{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|p=70}}	{{lang\|lb\|Sonn}}	{{IPA\|[zon]}}	'sun'	Sometimes realized as open-mid {{IPAblink\|ɔ}}.{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|p=70}} See Luxembourgish phonology
colspan="2" \|Malay \|mampus \|{{IPA\|[mam.pos]}} \|'die' \|Allophone of /u/ in closed-final syllables. May be [{{IPA link\|ʊ}}] or [{{IPA link\|o̞}}] depending on the speaker. See Malay phonology
colspan="2"\|Malayalam \|ഒന്ന് \|{{IPA\|[on̪ːɨ̆]}} \|'one' \|See Malayalam phonology
colspan="2" \|Marathi \|दोन \|[doːn] \|'two' \|See Marathi phonology
colspan="2" \|Minangkabau \|sado \|{{IPA\|[sädoː]}} \|'all' \|
colspan="2" \| Mpade{{sfnp\|Allison\|2006}}	{{lang\|mpi\|sko}}	{{IPA\|[sko]}}	'field'
Norwegian	Most dialects{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|pp=13, 17}}{{sfnp\|Kristoffersen\|2000\|pp=16–17}}{{sfnp\|Popperwell\|2010\|p=26}}	{{lang\|no\|lov}}	{{IPA\|[loːʋ]}}	'law'	The quality varies among dialects; in Urban East Norwegian, it has been variously described as close-mid back {{IPA\|[oː]}}{{sfnp\|Kristoffersen\|2000\|pp=16–17}} and mid {{IPAblink\|o̞ː}},{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|pp=13, 17}}{{sfnp\|Popperwell\|2010\|p=26}} in Stavangersk it is a close-mid near-back {{IPA\|[o̟ː]}},{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|p=17}} whereas in Telemark it is a back open-mid vowel {{IPAblink\|ɔː}}.{{sfnp\|Popperwell\|2010\|p=26}} In some dialects it is replaced by the diphthong {{IPA\|[ɑʊ]}}.{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|p=17}} See Norwegian phonology
colspan="2" \|Persian	لاک‌پشت/lakpošt	{{IPA\|[lɒkˈpoʃt]}}	'turtle' \|
colspan="2" \| Portuguese{{sfnp\|Cruz-Ferreira\|1995\|p=91}}	{{lang\|pt\|dodô}}	{{IPA\|[doˈdo]}}	'dodo'	See Portuguese phonology
colspan="2" \|Polish \|wiośnie \|[ˈvʲoɕɲɛ] \|'spring' \|Allophone of /ɔ/ between palatal or palatalized consonants. See Polish phonology
colspan="2" \|Romanian \|acolo \|[aˈkolo] \|'there' \|See Romanian phonology
colspan="2" \| Saterland Frisian{{sfnp\|Peters\|2017\|p=?}}	{{lang\|stq\|doalje}}	{{IPA\|[ˈdo̟ːljə]}}	'to calm'	Near-back; typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɔː}}. Phonetically, it is nearly identical to {{IPA\|/ʊ/}} ({{IPAblink\|ʊ\|ʊ̞}}). The vowel typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|oː}} is actually near-close {{IPAblink\|o̝ː}}.{{sfnp\|Peters\|2017\|p=?}}
colspan="2" \| Shiwiar{{sfnp\|Fast Mowitz\|1975\|p=2}}	{{example needed\|date=July 2015}}			Allophone of {{IPA\|/a/}}.{{sfnp\|Fast Mowitz\|1975\|p=2}}
Slovak	Some speakers{{sfnp\|Kráľ\|1988\|p=92}}	{{lang\|sk\|telefón}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtɛ̝lɛ̝foːn]}}	'telephone'	Realization of {{IPA\|/ɔː/}} reported to occur in dialects spoken near the river Ipeľ, as well as - under Hungarian influence - in some other speakers. Corresponds to mid {{IPAblink\|ɔ̝ː}} in standard Slovak.{{sfnp\|Kráľ\|1988\|p=92}} See Slovak phonology
colspan="2" \| Slovene	{{lang\|sl\|moj}}	{{IPA\|[mòːj]}}	'my'	See Slovene phonology
colspan="2" \| Sotho{{sfnp\|Doke\|Mofokeng\|1974\|p=?}}	{{lang\|st\|pontsho}}	{{IPA\|[pʼon̩t͡sʰɔ]}}	'proof'	Contrasts close, near-close and close-mid back rounded vowels.{{sfnp\|Doke\|Mofokeng\|1974\|p=?}} See Sotho phonology
colspan="2" \| Spanish	{{lang\|es\|camión}}	{{IPA\|[kaˈmjon]}}	'truck'	See Spanish phonology
Swedish	Central Standard{{sfnp\|Engstrand\|1999\|p=140}}{{sfnp\|Rosenqvist\|2007\|p=9}}	{{lang\|sv\|åka}}	{{Audio-IPA\|sv-åka.ogg\|[²oːkä]}}	'travel'	Often diphthongized to {{IPA\|[oə̯]}}. See Swedish phonology
colspan="2" \| Ukrainian{{sfnp\|Danyenko\|Vakulenko\|1995\|p=4}}	{{lang\|uk\|молодь}}/molod'	[ˈmɔlodʲ]	'youth'	See Ukrainian phonology
colspan="2" \| Upper Sorbian{{sfnp\|Stone\|2002\|p=600}}{{sfnp\|Šewc-Schuster\|1984\|p=20}}	{{lang\|hsb\|Bóh}}	{{IPA\|[box]}}	'god'	Diphthongized to {{IPA\|[u̯ɔ]}} in slow speech.{{sfnp\|Stone\|2002\|p=600}}{{sfnp\|Šewc-Schuster\|1984\|pp=32–33}}
colspan="2" \|Welsh \|nos \|[noːs] \|'night' \|See Welsh phonology
colspan="2" \| West Frisian{{sfnp\|Tiersma\|1999\|p=10}}	{{lang\|fy\|bok}}	{{IPA\|[bok]}}	'billy-goat'	See West Frisian phonology
Wu Chinese	Shanghainese{{sfnp\|Chen\|Gussenhoven\|2015\|pp=328–329}}	瓜/kò	{{IPA\|[ko˩]}}	'melon'	Specifically in Shanghainese. Height varies between close and close-mid; contrasts with a close to close-mid back compressed vowel.{{sfnp\|Chen\|Gussenhoven\|2015\|pp=328–329}}
colspan="2" \| Yoruba{{sfnp\|Bamgboṣe\|1966\|p=166}}	egba mi o	[egba mi o] \| 'help'

Close-mid back compressed vowel

{{Infobox IPA

|above=Close-mid back compressed vowel

|ipa symbol = o͍

|ipa symbol2 = ɤᵝ

|ipa symbol3 = o̜

|ipa symbol4 = ɤ̹

}}

There is no dedicated diacritic for compression in the IPA. However, compression of the lips can be shown with {{IPAalink|β̞}} as {{angbr IPA|ɤ͡β̞}} (simultaneous {{IPA|[ɤ]}} and labial compression) or {{angbr IPA|ɤᵝ}} ({{IPA|[ɤ]}} modified with labial compression). The spread-lip diacritic {{angbr IPA| ͍ }} may also be used with a rounded vowel letter {{angbr IPA|o͍}} as an ad hoc symbol, but 'spread' technically means unrounded.

Only Wu Chinese is known to contrast it with the more typical protruded (endolabial) close-mid back vowel, but the height of both vowels varies from close to close-mid.{{sfnp|Chen|Gussenhoven|2015|pp=328–329}}

=Features=

=Occurrence=

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;"

! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes

Wu Chinese

Shanghainese{{sfnp|Chen|Gussenhoven|2015|pp=328–329}}

都/tè

'capital'

Specifically in Shanghainese. Height varies between close and close-mid; contrasts with a close to close-mid back protruded vowel.{{sfnp|Chen|Gussenhoven|2015|pp=328–329}}

Notes

References

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{{Accents of English|hide1=y}}
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}}

External links

{{phoible|o}}

Category:Close-mid vowels

Category:Back vowels

Category:Rounded vowels

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Afrikaans	Standard{{sfnp\|Wissing\|2016\|loc=section "The rounded mid-high back vowel {{IPA\|/ɔ/}}"}}	{{lang\|af\|bok}}	{{IPA\|[bok]}}	'goat'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɔ}}. The height varies between close-mid {{IPA\|[o]}} and mid {{IPAblink\|ɔ̝}}.{{sfnp\|Wissing\|2016\|loc=section "The rounded mid-high back vowel {{IPA\|/ɔ/}}"}} See Afrikaans phonology
Bavarian	Amstetten dialect{{Harvcoltxt\|Traunmüller\|1982}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Ladefoged\|Maddieson\|1996\|p=290}}	{{example needed\|date=October 2014}}			Contrasts close {{IPAblink\|u}}, near-close {{IPAblink\|o̝}}, close-mid {{IPA\|[o]}} and open-mid {{IPAblink\|ɔ}} back rounded vowels in addition to the open central unrounded {{IPAblink\|ä}}. Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɔ}}.
colspan="2" \| Bulgarian{{sfnp\|Ternes\|Vladimirova-Buhtz\|1999\|p=56}}	{{lang\|bg\|уста}}/usta	{{IPA\|[os̪ˈt̪a]}}	'mouth'	Unstressed allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}} and {{IPA\|/ɔ/}}.{{sfnp\|Ternes\|Vladimirova-Buhtz\|1999\|p=56}} See Bulgarian phonology
colspan="2" \| Catalan{{sfnp\|Carbonell\|Llisterri\|1992\|p=54}}	{{lang\|ca\|sóc}}	{{IPA\|[sok]}}	'I am'	See Catalan phonology
Czech	Bohemian{{sfnp\|Dankovičová\|1999\|p=72}}	{{lang\|cs\|oko}}	{{IPA\|[ˈoko]}}	'eye'	Backness varies between back and near-back; may be realized as mid {{IPAblink\|o̞}} instead.{{sfnp\|Dankovičová\|1999\|p=72}} See Czech phonology
Danish	Standard{{sfnp\|Grønnum\|1998\|p=100}}{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|Johnson\|2010\|p=227}}	{{lang\|da\|kone}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkʰoːnə]}}	'wife'	Also described as near-close {{IPAblink\|o̝ː}}.{{sfnp\|Uldall\|1933\|p=?}}{{sfnp\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=47}} See Danish phonology
Dutch	Standard Belgian{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2005\|p=245}}	{{lang\|nl\|kool}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Nl-kool.ogg\|[koːɫ]}}	'cabbage'	In the Netherlands often diphthongized to {{IPA\|[oʊ]}}. See Dutch phonology
rowspan="8" \| English	Estuary	rowspan="4" \| yawn	rowspan="4" \| {{IPA\|[joːn]}}	rowspan="4" \| 'yawn'	rowspan="2" \| May be {{IPA\|[oʊ]}} or {{IPA\|[o̞ː]}} instead.
Cockney{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=310}}
Received Pronunciation{{sfnp\|Roach\|2004\|p=242}}	Typically transcribed with {{angbr IPA\|ɔː}}. See English phonology
South African{{sfnp\|Lass\|2002\|p=116}}	General and Broad varieties. Cultivated SAE has a more open vowel. See South African English phonology
General Indian{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=626}}	rowspan="3" \| go	rowspan="3" \| {{IPA\|[ɡoː]}}	rowspan="3" \| 'go'
General Pakistani{{sfnp\|Mahboob\|Ahmar\|2004\|p=1009}}	Varies between {{IPA\|[oː ~ əʊ ~ ʊ]}}.
Singaporean{{sfnp\|Deterding\|2000}}
Birmingham and the Black Country	rowspan="1" \| cut	rowspan="1" \| {{IPA\|[koʔ]}}	rowspan="1" \| 'cut'	Corresponds to {{IPA\|/ʌ/}} in other dialects.{{cite book \|last1=Clark \|first1=Urszula \|title=West Midlands English: Birmingham and the Black Country \|date=2013 \|page=1005 \|jstor=10.3366/j.ctt5hh397 \|isbn=9780748641697 \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt5hh397}}
colspan="2" \| Estonian{{sfnp\|Asu\|Teras\|2009\|p=368}}	{{lang\|et\|tool}}	{{IPA\|[toːlʲ]}}	'chair'	See Estonian phonology
colspan="2" \| Faroese{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|pp=68, 74–75}}	{{lang\|fo\|tola}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtʰoːla]}}	'to endure'	May be a diphthong {{IPA\|[oɔː ~ oəː]}} instead.{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|pp=68, 75}} See Faroese phonology
colspan="2" \| French{{sfnp\|Fougeron\|Smith\|1993\|p=73}}{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=225}}	{{lang\|fr\|réseau}}	{{audio-IPA\|Fr-Réseau-fr-Paris.ogg\|[ʁezo]}}	'network'	See French phonology
rowspan="2" \| German	Standard{{sfnp\|Hall\|2003\|pp=90, 107}}{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=34}}	{{lang\|de\|oder}}	{{Audio-IPA\|De-oder.ogg\|[ˈoːdɐ]}}	'or'	See Standard German phonology
Upper Saxon{{sfnp\|Khan\|Weise\|2013\|p=237}}	{{lang\|de\|sondern}}	{{IPA\|[ˈsɞ̝nd̥oˤn]}}	'except'	Pharyngealized; corresponds to {{IPAblink\|ɐ}} in Northern Standard German. The example word is from the Chemnitz dialect.{{sfnp\|Khan\|Weise\|2013\|p=237}}
Greek	Sfakian{{sfnp\|Trudgill\|2009\|pp=83–84}}	{{lang\|el\|μεταφράζω}} / {{Lang\|el-Latn\|metafrázō}} \| [metafrázo] \| 'translate'	Corresponds to mid {{IPAblink\|o̞}} in Modern Standard Greek.{{sfnp\|Trudgill\|2009\|p=81}} See Modern Greek phonology
colspan="2" \|Hindustani \|सोमवार \|[soːm.ʋɑːr] \|'Monday' \|See Hindustani phonology
colspan="2" \| Hungarian{{sfnp\|Szende\|1994\|p=94}}	{{lang\|hu\|kór}}	{{IPA\|[koːr]}}	'disease'	See Hungarian phonology
colspan="2" \| Italian{{sfnp\|Rogers\|d'Arcangeli\|2004\|p=119}}	{{lang\|it\|ombra}}	{{IPA\|[ˈombrä]}}	'shade'	See Italian phonology
colspan="2" \| Kaingang{{sfnp\|Jolkesky\|2009\|pp=676–677, 682}}	align="center" \| pipo \|{{IPA\|[pɪˈpo]}}	'toad'
colspan="2" \| Khmer	{{lang\|km\|ម៉ូលេគុល}} / {{Transliteration\|km\|molékŭl}}	{{IPA\|[moːleːkul]}}	'molecule'	See Khmer phonology
colspan="2" \| Korean	{{lang\|ko\|노래}} / {{lang\|ko-Latn\|norae}}	{{IPA\|[noɾε]}}	'song'	See Korean phonology
rowspan="2" \|Kurdish{{sfnp\|Thackston\|2006a\|p=1}}{{sfnp\|Khan\|Lescot\|1970\|pp=8-16}} \|Kurmanji (Northern) \|roj \| rowspan="2" \|{{IPA\|[roːʒ]}} \| rowspan="2" \|'day' \| rowspan="2" \|See Kurdish phonology
Sorani (Central) \|{{lang\|ku\|رۆژ}}/roj
Latin	Classical{{Sfnp\|Wheelock's Latin\|1956}}	{{lang\|la\|sol}}	{{IPA\|[soːl]}}	'sun'
Limburgish	Most dialects{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|p=159}}{{sfnp\|Peters\|2006\|p=119}}{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2007\|p=221}}	{{lang\|li\|hoof}}	{{IPA\|[ɦoːf]}}	'garden'	The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect.
colspan="2" \| Lower Sorbian{{sfnp\|Stone\|2002\|p=600}}	{{lang\|dsb\|wocy}}	{{IPA\|[ˈβ̞ot̪͡s̪ɪ]}}	'(two) eyes'	Diphthongized to {{IPA\|[u̯ɔ]}} in slow speech.{{sfnp\|Stone\|2002\|p=600}}
colspan="2" \| Luxembourgish{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|p=70}}	{{lang\|lb\|Sonn}}	{{IPA\|[zon]}}	'sun'	Sometimes realized as open-mid {{IPAblink\|ɔ}}.{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|p=70}} See Luxembourgish phonology
colspan="2" \|Malay \|mampus \|{{IPA\|[mam.pos]}} \|'die' \|Allophone of /u/ in closed-final syllables. May be [{{IPA link\|ʊ}}] or [{{IPA link\|o̞}}] depending on the speaker. See Malay phonology
colspan="2"\|Malayalam \|ഒന്ന് \|{{IPA\|[on̪ːɨ̆]}} \|'one' \|See Malayalam phonology
colspan="2" \|Marathi \|दोन \|[doːn] \|'two' \|See Marathi phonology
colspan="2" \|Minangkabau \|sado \|{{IPA\|[sädoː]}} \|'all' \|
colspan="2" \| Mpade{{sfnp\|Allison\|2006}}	{{lang\|mpi\|sko}}	{{IPA\|[sko]}}	'field'
Norwegian	Most dialects{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|pp=13, 17}}{{sfnp\|Kristoffersen\|2000\|pp=16–17}}{{sfnp\|Popperwell\|2010\|p=26}}	{{lang\|no\|lov}}	{{IPA\|[loːʋ]}}	'law'	The quality varies among dialects; in Urban East Norwegian, it has been variously described as close-mid back {{IPA\|[oː]}}{{sfnp\|Kristoffersen\|2000\|pp=16–17}} and mid {{IPAblink\|o̞ː}},{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|pp=13, 17}}{{sfnp\|Popperwell\|2010\|p=26}} in Stavangersk it is a close-mid near-back {{IPA\|[o̟ː]}},{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|p=17}} whereas in Telemark it is a back open-mid vowel {{IPAblink\|ɔː}}.{{sfnp\|Popperwell\|2010\|p=26}} In some dialects it is replaced by the diphthong {{IPA\|[ɑʊ]}}.{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|p=17}} See Norwegian phonology
colspan="2" \|Persian	لاک‌پشت/lakpošt	{{IPA\|[lɒkˈpoʃt]}}	'turtle' \|
colspan="2" \| Portuguese{{sfnp\|Cruz-Ferreira\|1995\|p=91}}	{{lang\|pt\|dodô}}	{{IPA\|[doˈdo]}}	'dodo'	See Portuguese phonology
colspan="2" \|Polish \|wiośnie \|[ˈvʲoɕɲɛ] \|'spring' \|Allophone of /ɔ/ between palatal or palatalized consonants. See Polish phonology
colspan="2" \|Romanian \|acolo \|[aˈkolo] \|'there' \|See Romanian phonology
colspan="2" \| Saterland Frisian{{sfnp\|Peters\|2017\|p=?}}	{{lang\|stq\|doalje}}	{{IPA\|[ˈdo̟ːljə]}}	'to calm'	Near-back; typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɔː}}. Phonetically, it is nearly identical to {{IPA\|/ʊ/}} ({{IPAblink\|ʊ\|ʊ̞}}). The vowel typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|oː}} is actually near-close {{IPAblink\|o̝ː}}.{{sfnp\|Peters\|2017\|p=?}}
colspan="2" \| Shiwiar{{sfnp\|Fast Mowitz\|1975\|p=2}}	{{example needed\|date=July 2015}}			Allophone of {{IPA\|/a/}}.{{sfnp\|Fast Mowitz\|1975\|p=2}}
Slovak	Some speakers{{sfnp\|Kráľ\|1988\|p=92}}	{{lang\|sk\|telefón}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtɛ̝lɛ̝foːn]}}	'telephone'	Realization of {{IPA\|/ɔː/}} reported to occur in dialects spoken near the river Ipeľ, as well as - under Hungarian influence - in some other speakers. Corresponds to mid {{IPAblink\|ɔ̝ː}} in standard Slovak.{{sfnp\|Kráľ\|1988\|p=92}} See Slovak phonology
colspan="2" \| Slovene	{{lang\|sl\|moj}}	{{IPA\|[mòːj]}}	'my'	See Slovene phonology
colspan="2" \| Sotho{{sfnp\|Doke\|Mofokeng\|1974\|p=?}}	{{lang\|st\|pontsho}}	{{IPA\|[pʼon̩t͡sʰɔ]}}	'proof'	Contrasts close, near-close and close-mid back rounded vowels.{{sfnp\|Doke\|Mofokeng\|1974\|p=?}} See Sotho phonology
colspan="2" \| Spanish	{{lang\|es\|camión}}	{{IPA\|[kaˈmjon]}}	'truck'	See Spanish phonology
Swedish	Central Standard{{sfnp\|Engstrand\|1999\|p=140}}{{sfnp\|Rosenqvist\|2007\|p=9}}	{{lang\|sv\|åka}}	{{Audio-IPA\|sv-åka.ogg\|[²oːkä]}}	'travel'	Often diphthongized to {{IPA\|[oə̯]}}. See Swedish phonology
colspan="2" \| Ukrainian{{sfnp\|Danyenko\|Vakulenko\|1995\|p=4}}	{{lang\|uk\|молодь}}/molod'	[ˈmɔlodʲ]	'youth'	See Ukrainian phonology
colspan="2" \| Upper Sorbian{{sfnp\|Stone\|2002\|p=600}}{{sfnp\|Šewc-Schuster\|1984\|p=20}}	{{lang\|hsb\|Bóh}}	{{IPA\|[box]}}	'god'	Diphthongized to {{IPA\|[u̯ɔ]}} in slow speech.{{sfnp\|Stone\|2002\|p=600}}{{sfnp\|Šewc-Schuster\|1984\|pp=32–33}}
colspan="2" \|Welsh \|nos \|[noːs] \|'night' \|See Welsh phonology
colspan="2" \| West Frisian{{sfnp\|Tiersma\|1999\|p=10}}	{{lang\|fy\|bok}}	{{IPA\|[bok]}}	'billy-goat'	See West Frisian phonology
Wu Chinese	Shanghainese{{sfnp\|Chen\|Gussenhoven\|2015\|pp=328–329}}	瓜/kò	{{IPA\|[ko˩]}}	'melon'	Specifically in Shanghainese. Height varies between close and close-mid; contrasts with a close to close-mid back compressed vowel.{{sfnp\|Chen\|Gussenhoven\|2015\|pp=328–329}}
colspan="2" \| Yoruba{{sfnp\|Bamgboṣe\|1966\|p=166}}	egba mi o	[egba mi o] \| 'help'