Close-mid central unrounded vowel

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol=ɘ

|ipa number=397

|decimal=600

|x-sampa=@\

|kirshenbaum=@<umd>

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0258.svg

|imagesize=150px

|braille=256

|braille2=e

}}

File:Spectrogram of close-mid central unrounded vowel (IPA ɘ).png

The close-mid central unrounded vowel, or high-mid central unrounded vowel,{{Vowel terminology}} is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɘ}}. This is a mirrored letter e and should not be confused with the schwa {{angbr IPA|ə}}, which is a turned e. It was added to the IPA in 1993; before that, this vowel was transcribed {{angbr IPA|ë}} (Latin small letter e with diaeresis, not the Cyrillic small letter yo (ё). Certain older sourcesFor example {{Harvcoltxt|Collins|Mees|1990}}. transcribe this vowel {{angbr IPA|ɤ̈}}.

The letter {{angbr IPA|ɘ}} may be used with a lowering diacritic {{angbr IPA|ɘ̞}}, to denote the mid central unrounded vowel.

Conversely, {{angbr IPA|ə}}, the symbol for the mid central vowel may be used with a raising diacritic {{angbr IPA|ə̝}} to denote the close-mid central unrounded vowel, although that is more accurately written with an additional unrounding diacritic {{angbr IPA|ə̝͑}} to explicitly denote the lack of rounding (the canonical value of IPA {{angbr IPA|ə}} is undefined for rounding).

Features

Occurrence

class="wikitable" ! colspan=2 \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
colspan=2 \| Chuvash	пӗррехинче	[pɘrrɛχint͡ɕɛ]	'once'
colspan=2 \| Cotabato Manobo{{Harvcoltxt\|Kerr\|1988\|p=110}}	{{example needed\|date=March 2017}}			May be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ə}}.
Dinka	Luanyjang{{Harvcoltxt\|Remijsen\|Manyang\|2009\|pp=117, 119}}	ŋeŋ	{{IPA\|[ŋɘ́ŋ]}}	'jawbone'	Short allophone of {{IPA\|/e/}}.
rowspan=4\| English	Australian{{Harvcoltxt\|Cox\|2006\|p=?}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Durie\|Hajek\|1994\|p=?}}	bird	{{IPA\|[bɘːd]}}	'bird'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɜː}}. Optionally rounded. See Australian English phonology
Cardiff{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|1990\|p=93}}	foot	{{IPA\|[fɘt]}}	'foot'	Less often rounded {{IPAblink\|ɵ}};{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|1990\|p=92}} corresponds to {{IPAblink\|ʊ}} in other dialects. See English phonology
New Zealand{{Harvcoltxt\|Bauer\|Warren\|Bardsley\|Kennedy\|2007}}	bit	{{IPA\|[bɘt]}}	'bit'	Merger of {{IPA\|/ə/}} and {{IPA\|/ɪ/}} found in other dialects. See New Zealand English phonology
Southern American{{Harvcoltxt\|Roca\|Johnson\|1999\|p=186}}	nut	{{IPA\|[nɘt]}}	'nut'	Some dialects. Corresponds to {{IPA\|/ʌ/}} in other dialects. See English phonology
colspan="2" \| Estonian{{sfnp\|Asu\|Teras\|2009\|pp=368–369}}	{{lang\|et\|kõrv}}	{{IPA\|[kɘrv]}}	'ear'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɤ}}; can be close-mid back {{IPAblink\|ɤ}} or close back {{IPAblink\|ɯ}} instead, depending on the speaker.{{sfnp\|Asu\|Teras\|2009\|pp=368–369}} See Estonian phonology
Irish	Munster{{Harvcoltxt\|Ó Sé\|2000}}	sáile	{{IPA\|[ˈsˠɰaːlʲə̝]}}	'salt water'	Usually transcribed in IPA with {{IPA\|[ɪ̽]}}. It is an allophone of {{IPA\|/ə/}} next to non-palatal slender consonants. See Irish phonology
colspan="2" \| Jebero{{Harvcoltxt\|Valenzuela\|Gussenhoven\|2013\|p=101}}	align="center" \| ɨx[e/ï][k/c/q] \|{{IPA\|[ˈiʃɘk]}} \| 'bat'
colspan="2" \| Kaingang{{Harvcoltxt\|Jolkesky\|2009\|pp=676–677 and 682}}	align="center" \| me \|{{IPA\|[ˈᵐbɘ]}}	'tail'	Varies between central {{IPA\|[ɘ]}} and back {{IPAblink\|ɤ}}.{{Harvcoltxt\|Jolkesky\|2009\|pp=676 and 682}}
colspan="2" \| Kalagan Kaagan{{Harvcoltxt\|Wendel\|Wendel\|1978\|p=198}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[miˈwə̝ːʔ]}}	'lost'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɨ/}} in word-final stressed syllables before {{IPA\|/ʔ/}}; can be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ə}}.
colspan="2" \| Kensiu{{Harvcoltxt\|Bishop\|1996\|p=230}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[ɟɚ̝h]}}	'to trim'	Rhotacized; may be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɚ}}.
colspan="2" \| Kera{{Harvcoltxt\|Pearce\|2011\|p=251}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[t͡ʃə̝̄wā̠a̠]}}	'fire'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/a/}}; typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ə}}.
colspan="2" \| Korean{{Harvcoltxt\|Lee\|1999\|p=121}}	{{lang\|ko\|어른}}/ŏŏleun	{{IPA\|[ə̝ːɾɯ̽n]}}	'adult'	May be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|əː}}. See Korean phonology
rowspan="2" \|Kurdish \|Kurmanji \| rowspan="2" \|{{lang\|ku\|dil}}/{{lang\|ckb\|دل}} \| rowspan="2" \|[dɘl] \| rowspan="2" \|'heart' \| rowspan="2" \|Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɪ/}}. Sorani alphabet does not transcribe this vowel phoneme in text.
Sorani
colspan="2" \| Lizu{{Harvcoltxt\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013a\|p=79}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[^Fkə̝]}}{{clarify\|date=January 2018}}	'eagle'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ə/}} after velar stops.
colspan="2" \| Mapudungun{{Harvcoltxt\|Sadowsky\|Painequeo\|Salamanca\|Avelino\|2013\|p=92}}	{{lang\|arn\|elün}}	{{IPA\|[ë̝ˈlɘn]}}	'to give (something)'
colspan="2" \| Mongolian{{Harvcoltxt\|Iivonen\|Harnud\|2005\|pp=62, 66–67}}	{{lang\|mn-Cyrl\|үсэр}}	{{IPA\|[usɘɾɘ̆]}}	'jump'
colspan="2" \| Mono{{Harvcoltxt\|Olson\|2004\|p=235}}	{{lang\|mnh\|dœ}}	{{IPA\|[də̝]}}	'be (equative)'	May be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ə}}.
colspan="2" \| Polish{{Harvcoltxt\|Jassem\|2003\|p=105}} The source transcribes this sound with the symbol {{angbr IPA\|ɨ}} but one can see from the vowel chart at pag. 105 that the Polish sound is closer to {{IPA\|[ɘ]}} than to {{IPAblink\|ɨ}}.	{{lang\|pl\|mysz}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Pl-mysz.ogg\|[mɘ̟ʂ]}}	'mouse'	Somewhat fronted; typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɨ}}. See Polish phonology
Romanian	Moldavian dialect{{sfnp\|Pop\|1938\|p=29}}	{{lang\|ro\|casă}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkäsɘ]}}	'house'	Corresponds to {{IPAblink\|ə}} in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
colspan=2\| Shiwiar{{Harvcoltxt\|Fast Mowitz\|1975\|p=2}}	{{example needed\|date=July 2015}}
colspan=2\| Temne{{Harvcoltxt\|Kanu\|Tucker\|2010\|p=249}}	{{lang\|tem\|pər}}	{{IPA\|[pə̝́r]}}	'incite'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ə}}.
colspan=2\| Vietnamese{{Harvcoltxt\|Hoang\|1965\|p=24}}	{{lang\|vi\|vợ}}	{{IPA\|[vɘ˨˩ˀ]}}	'wife'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɤ}}. See Vietnamese phonology
Xumi	Upper{{Harvcoltxt\|Chirkova\|Chen\|Kocjančič Antolík\|2013\|p=389}}	colspan=2 align=center \| {{IPA\|[LPmɘ̃dɐ]}}	'upstairs'	Nasalized; occurs only in this word. It is realized as mid {{IPAblink\|ə\|ə̃}} in Lower Xumi.{{Harvcoltxt\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013b\|p=370}}
Zapotec	Tilquiapan{{Harvcoltxt\|Merrill\|2008\|pp=109–110}}	{{lang\|zts\|ne}}	{{IPA\|[nɘ]}}	'and'	Most common realization of {{IPA\|/e/}}.

Notes

References

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External links

{{phoible|ɘ}}

Category:Close-mid vowels

Category:Central vowels

Category:Unrounded vowels

class="wikitable" ! colspan=2 \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
colspan=2 \| Chuvash	пӗррехинче	[pɘrrɛχint͡ɕɛ]	'once'
colspan=2 \| Cotabato Manobo{{Harvcoltxt\|Kerr\|1988\|p=110}}	{{example needed\|date=March 2017}}			May be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ə}}.
Dinka	Luanyjang{{Harvcoltxt\|Remijsen\|Manyang\|2009\|pp=117, 119}}	ŋeŋ	{{IPA\|[ŋɘ́ŋ]}}	'jawbone'	Short allophone of {{IPA\|/e/}}.
rowspan=4\| English	Australian{{Harvcoltxt\|Cox\|2006\|p=?}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Durie\|Hajek\|1994\|p=?}}	bird	{{IPA\|[bɘːd]}}	'bird'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɜː}}. Optionally rounded. See Australian English phonology
Cardiff{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|1990\|p=93}}	foot	{{IPA\|[fɘt]}}	'foot'	Less often rounded {{IPAblink\|ɵ}};{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|1990\|p=92}} corresponds to {{IPAblink\|ʊ}} in other dialects. See English phonology
New Zealand{{Harvcoltxt\|Bauer\|Warren\|Bardsley\|Kennedy\|2007}}	bit	{{IPA\|[bɘt]}}	'bit'	Merger of {{IPA\|/ə/}} and {{IPA\|/ɪ/}} found in other dialects. See New Zealand English phonology
Southern American{{Harvcoltxt\|Roca\|Johnson\|1999\|p=186}}	nut	{{IPA\|[nɘt]}}	'nut'	Some dialects. Corresponds to {{IPA\|/ʌ/}} in other dialects. See English phonology
colspan="2" \| Estonian{{sfnp\|Asu\|Teras\|2009\|pp=368–369}}	{{lang\|et\|kõrv}}	{{IPA\|[kɘrv]}}	'ear'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɤ}}; can be close-mid back {{IPAblink\|ɤ}} or close back {{IPAblink\|ɯ}} instead, depending on the speaker.{{sfnp\|Asu\|Teras\|2009\|pp=368–369}} See Estonian phonology
Irish	Munster{{Harvcoltxt\|Ó Sé\|2000}}	sáile	{{IPA\|[ˈsˠɰaːlʲə̝]}}	'salt water'	Usually transcribed in IPA with {{IPA\|[ɪ̽]}}. It is an allophone of {{IPA\|/ə/}} next to non-palatal slender consonants. See Irish phonology
colspan="2" \| Jebero{{Harvcoltxt\|Valenzuela\|Gussenhoven\|2013\|p=101}}	align="center" \| ɨx[e/ï][k/c/q] \|{{IPA\|[ˈiʃɘk]}} \| 'bat'
colspan="2" \| Kaingang{{Harvcoltxt\|Jolkesky\|2009\|pp=676–677 and 682}}	align="center" \| me \|{{IPA\|[ˈᵐbɘ]}}	'tail'	Varies between central {{IPA\|[ɘ]}} and back {{IPAblink\|ɤ}}.{{Harvcoltxt\|Jolkesky\|2009\|pp=676 and 682}}
colspan="2" \| Kalagan Kaagan{{Harvcoltxt\|Wendel\|Wendel\|1978\|p=198}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[miˈwə̝ːʔ]}}	'lost'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɨ/}} in word-final stressed syllables before {{IPA\|/ʔ/}}; can be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ə}}.
colspan="2" \| Kensiu{{Harvcoltxt\|Bishop\|1996\|p=230}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[ɟɚ̝h]}}	'to trim'	Rhotacized; may be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɚ}}.
colspan="2" \| Kera{{Harvcoltxt\|Pearce\|2011\|p=251}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[t͡ʃə̝̄wā̠a̠]}}	'fire'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/a/}}; typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ə}}.
colspan="2" \| Korean{{Harvcoltxt\|Lee\|1999\|p=121}}	{{lang\|ko\|어른}}/ŏŏleun	{{IPA\|[ə̝ːɾɯ̽n]}}	'adult'	May be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|əː}}. See Korean phonology
rowspan="2" \|Kurdish \|Kurmanji \| rowspan="2" \|{{lang\|ku\|dil}}/{{lang\|ckb\|دل}} \| rowspan="2" \|[dɘl] \| rowspan="2" \|'heart' \| rowspan="2" \|Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɪ/}}. Sorani alphabet does not transcribe this vowel phoneme in text.
Sorani
colspan="2" \| Lizu{{Harvcoltxt\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013a\|p=79}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[^Fkə̝]}}{{clarify\|date=January 2018}}	'eagle'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ə/}} after velar stops.
colspan="2" \| Mapudungun{{Harvcoltxt\|Sadowsky\|Painequeo\|Salamanca\|Avelino\|2013\|p=92}}	{{lang\|arn\|elün}}	{{IPA\|[ë̝ˈlɘn]}}	'to give (something)'
colspan="2" \| Mongolian{{Harvcoltxt\|Iivonen\|Harnud\|2005\|pp=62, 66–67}}	{{lang\|mn-Cyrl\|үсэр}}	{{IPA\|[usɘɾɘ̆]}}	'jump'
colspan="2" \| Mono{{Harvcoltxt\|Olson\|2004\|p=235}}	{{lang\|mnh\|dœ}}	{{IPA\|[də̝]}}	'be (equative)'	May be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ə}}.
colspan="2" \| Polish{{Harvcoltxt\|Jassem\|2003\|p=105}} The source transcribes this sound with the symbol {{angbr IPA\|ɨ}} but one can see from the vowel chart at pag. 105 that the Polish sound is closer to {{IPA\|[ɘ]}} than to {{IPAblink\|ɨ}}.	{{lang\|pl\|mysz}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Pl-mysz.ogg\|[mɘ̟ʂ]}}	'mouse'	Somewhat fronted; typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɨ}}. See Polish phonology
Romanian	Moldavian dialect{{sfnp\|Pop\|1938\|p=29}}	{{lang\|ro\|casă}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkäsɘ]}}	'house'	Corresponds to {{IPAblink\|ə}} in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
colspan=2\| Shiwiar{{Harvcoltxt\|Fast Mowitz\|1975\|p=2}}	{{example needed\|date=July 2015}}
colspan=2\| Temne{{Harvcoltxt\|Kanu\|Tucker\|2010\|p=249}}	{{lang\|tem\|pər}}	{{IPA\|[pə̝́r]}}	'incite'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ə}}.
colspan=2\| Vietnamese{{Harvcoltxt\|Hoang\|1965\|p=24}}	{{lang\|vi\|vợ}}	{{IPA\|[vɘ˨˩ˀ]}}	'wife'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɤ}}. See Vietnamese phonology
Xumi	Upper{{Harvcoltxt\|Chirkova\|Chen\|Kocjančič Antolík\|2013\|p=389}}	colspan=2 align=center \| {{IPA\|[LPmɘ̃dɐ]}}	'upstairs'	Nasalized; occurs only in this word. It is realized as mid {{IPAblink\|ə\|ə̃}} in Lower Xumi.{{Harvcoltxt\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013b\|p=370}}
Zapotec	Tilquiapan{{Harvcoltxt\|Merrill\|2008\|pp=109–110}}	{{lang\|zts\|ne}}	{{IPA\|[nɘ]}}	'and'	Most common realization of {{IPA\|/e/}}.