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Cultural references to Pierrot#Fiction 2

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Cultural references to Pierrot have been made since the inception of the character in the 17th century. His character in contemporary popular culture — in poetry, fiction, and the visual arts, as well as works for the stage, screen, and concert hall — is that of the sad clown, often pining for love of Columbine, who usually breaks his heart and leaves him for Harlequin. Many cultural movements found him amenable to their respective causes: Decadents turned him into a disillusioned foe of idealism; Symbolists saw him as a lonely fellow-sufferer; Modernists converted him into a Whistlerian subject for canvases devoted to form and color and line.

This page lists the extensive use of Pierrot's stock character (whiteface with a tear, white shirt, cap, etc.) chronologically arranged according to country and artistic medium (e.g. music, film, literature). The vast geographical range from Europe to Asia and beyond shows how widespread interest in Pierrot is, as does the variation in the artistic styles, from traditional ballet to rap-songs and music videos.

Seventeenth century

Image:Antoine Watteau - The Italian Comedians - Google Art Project.jpg: Italian Actors, c. 1719. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.]]

= France =

==Playwrights==

  • Molière's character Pierrot in Don Juan, or The Stone Guest (1665).Fournier, [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2013692/f124.image p. 113], provides the information for this paragraph. "If, as [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2013692/f125.image Fournier points out], Molière gave [his Pierrot] "the white blouse of a French peasant", then I doubt very much that we have to look for traces of his origins [i.e., of the origins of the Italians' Pierrot] in the commedia dell'arte at all": Storey, Pierrot: a critical history, p. 20.
  • Jean de Palaprat
  • Claude-Ignace Brugière de Barante
  • Antoine Houdar de la Motte
  • Jean-François Regnard.See especially Regnard's [https://books.google.com/books?id=AzM0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA318 Happy-Go-Lucky Harlequin] (1690), [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDM0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1 The Wayward Girls] (1690), and [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDM0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA89 The Coquette, or The Ladies' Academy] (1691); Palaprat's [https://books.google.com/books?id=6jM0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA72 The Level-headed Girl] (1692); Houdar de la Motte's [https://books.google.com/books?id=6jM0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA290 The Eccentrics, or The Italian (Les Originaux, ou l'Italien, 1693)]; and Brugière de Barante's [https://books.google.com/books?id=UzQ0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA265 The False Coquette] (1694). All appear in the Gherardi collection.

Eighteenth century

=France=

==Performing artists==

File:Jean-Antoine Watteau - Pierrot, dit autrefois Gilles.jpg: Gilles (or Pierrot) and Four Other Characters of the Commedia dell'arte, c. 1718. Musée du Louvre, Paris.]]

File:Les acteurs de la Comédie italienne - Nicolas Lancret - Louvre.jpg: Actors of the Comédie-Italienne, between 1716 and 1736. Musée du Louvre, Paris.]]

File:Jean-Honoré Fragonard - A Boy as Pierrot - WGA08079.jpg: A Boy as Pierrot, between 1776 and 1780. The Wallace Collection, London.]]

  • Pierre-François Biancolelli
  • Jean-Baptiste Hamoche.Campardon, Spectacles, [https://archive.org/stream/lesspectaclesde00campgoog#page/n443/mode/2up I, 391]; tr. Storey, Pierrot: a critical history, p. 54, note 31.
  • Fabio Sticotti (1676–1741)
  • Antoine Jean Sticotti (1715–1772).Courville, II, 104; Campardon, Comédiens du roi, [https://archive.org/stream/lescomdiensduro02campgoog#page/n157/mode/2up II, 145]; Meldolesi.

==Plays==

  • Trophonius's Cave (1722) and The Golden Ass (1725)Both in Piron, IV; Storey translates a scene from Trophonius's Cave in Pierrot: a critical history, pp. 57–58.

== Songs ==

  • ("Au clair de la lune")" ... without the least proof": Fournier, [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2013692/f125.image p. 114.]

==Visual arts==

=England=

==Performers==

  • Carlo Delpini as Pierrot{{harvnb|Disher|1925|p=135}}. So conceived, Pierrot was easily and naturally displaced by the native English Clown when the latter found a suitably brilliant interpreter. It did so in 1800, when "Joey" Grimaldi made his celebrated debut in the role.{{harvnb|Findlater|1978|p=79}}.
  • Tiberio Fiorilli as Scaramouche in London.On the French players in England, and particularly on Pierrot in early English entertainments, see Storey, Pierrot: a critical history, pp. 82–89.
  • John Rich, The Jealous Doctor; or, The Intriguing Dame, pantomime

=Denmark=

==Performers==

  • Pasquale Casorti in Dyrehavsbakken around 1800
  • Giuseppe Casorti (1749–1826)http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Kunst_og_kultur/Teater/Danske_skuespillere/Casorti?highlight=pasquale%20casorti "Casorti", Gyldendals encyklopædi.

File:Cómicos ambulantes.jpg: Itinerant Actors (1793). Museo del Prado, Madrid.]]

=Germany=

==Plays==

=Spain=

==Paintings==

  • Goya's Itinerant Actors (1793)

Nineteenth century

=Deburau at the Théâtre des Funambules=

Image:Jean-Gaspard Deburau.jpg: Jean-Gaspard Deburau, c. 1830.]]

==Performers==

  • Jean-Gaspard Deburau (1796–1846),On Deburau's life, see Rémy, Jean-Gaspard Deburau; on his pantomime, see Storey, Pierrots on the stage, pp. 7–35, and Nye (2014), Nye (2015–2016), and Nye (2016).

==Writers==

  • Charles Baudelaire, "The Essence of Laughter" (1855)
  • Théodore de Banville
  • Nodier, The Gold Dream, or Harlequin and the Miser (1828)
  • Gautier, Posthumous Pierrot (1847)For a full discussion of the connection of all these writers with Deburau's Pierrot, see Storey, Pierrot: a critical history, pp. 104, 110–112, and Storey, Pierrots on the stage, pp. 7, 74–151.
  • Banville, The Kiss (1887)For a full discussion of the connection of all these writers with Deburau's Pierrot, see Storey, Pierrot: a critical history, pp. 104, 110–112, and Storey, Pierrots on the stage, pp. 7, 74–151.

==Visual arts==

=Pantomime after Baptiste: Charles Deburau, Paul Legrand, and their successors=

  • Image:Pierrot photographe.jpg: Charles Deburau as Pierrot, 1854.]]
  • Charles Deburau (1829–1873) succeeded his father.See, e.g., Gautier in Le Moniteur Universel, August 30, 1858; tr. Storey, Pierrots on the stage, p. 59. (Nadar's photographs of him in various poses are some of the best to come out of his studio—if not some of the best of the era.)For a gallery of these photographs, see {{cite web |url=https://images.google.com/images?hl=en&source=hp&q=nadar%20charles%20deburau%20pierrot&aql=&oq=&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wi |title=Pierrots |publisher=Google Images }}
  • Paul Legrand (1816–1898) performed at the Funambules. He later moved to the Folies-Nouvelles.Many reviewers of his pantomimes make note of this tendency: see, e.g., Gautier, Le Moniteur Universel, October 15, 1855; July 28, 1856; August 30, 1858; tr. Storey, Pierrots on the stage, pp. 66–68. In this he was abetted by the novelist and journalist Champfleury, who set himself the task, in the 1840s, of writing "realistic" pantomimes.Champfleury, [https://archive.org/stream/souvenirsdefuna00chamgoog#page/n15/mode/2up p. 6.]On the Folies-Nouvelles, Legrand's pantomime, and Champfleury's relationship to both, see Storey, Pierrots on the stage, pp. 36–73.
  • Louis Rouffe (1849–1885) performed the role.Séverin, p. 47.
  • Séverin (1863–1930)Séverin, p. 179.
  • Georges Wague (1875–1965)Wague, pp. 8–11, 17; Rémy, George Wague, p. 27.
  • Marcel Marceau's Bip was a Pierrot of sorts.

==Writers==

  • Marquis Pierrot (1847)
  • Pantomime of the Attorney (1865)
  • Gustave Flaubert, Pierrot in the Seraglio (1855)

=Pantomime and late nineteenth-century art=

==France==

;Popular and literary pantomime

File:Sarah Bernhardt as Pierrot.jpg in Jean Richepin's Pierrot the Murderer, 1883. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris.]]

File:Léon Hennique - Pierrot sceptique.jpg: Title-page of Hennique and Huysmans' Pierrot the Skeptic, 1881]]

File:Paul Cézanne, 1888, Mardi gras (Pierrot et Arlequin), oil on canvas, 102 x 81 cm, Pushkin Museum.jpg: Mardi gras (Pierrot and Harlequin), 1888, Pushkin Museum, Moscow]]

  • A female version, Pierrette, appears on the scene

;Songs

  • Xavier Privas wrote the songs ["Pierrette Is Dead", "Pierrette's Christmas"]

;Performing artists

;Visual arts, fiction, poetry, music, and film

  • Adolphe Willette drew Pierrots
  • Willette's paintings.
  • Jules Chéret, postersFor posters by Willette, Chéret, and many other late nineteenth-century artists, see Maindron.
  • Odilon Redon, engravings The Swamp Flower: A Sad Human Head (1885)
  • Georges Seurat, paintings (Pierrot with a White Pipe [Aman-Jean] (1883); The Painter Aman-Jean as Pierrot (1883)
  • Léon Comerre: Pierrot (1884), Pierrot Playing the Mandolin (1884)
  • Henri Rousseau: A Carnival Night (1886), Paul Cézanne: Mardi gras [Pierrot and Harlequin] (1888)
  • Fernand Pelez (Grimaces and Miseries a.k.a. The Saltimbanques (1888)
  • Pablo Picasso (Pierrot and Columbine (1900)
  • Guillaume Seignac (Pierrot's Embrace (1900)
  • Théophile Steinlen (Pierrot and the Cat (1889)
  • Édouard Vuillard (The Black Pierrot (c. 1890)
  • Jean Richepin's novel Nice People; Braves Gens (1886)
  • Paul Verlaine, "Pantomime" (1869) and "Pierrot" (1868, pub. 1882).For a full discussion of Verlaine's many versions of Pierrot, see Storey, Pierrots on the stage, pp. 230–52.
  • Laforgue, poems (1885) and The Imitation of Our Lady the Moon (1886)
  • Claude Debussy's songs "Pantomime" and "Pierrot" (not published until 1926)
  • Telemann's Burlesque Overture (1717–22)
  • Mozart's 1783 "Masquerade"{{harvnb|Deutsch|1966|p=213}}. The score, which is fragmentary, exists as K. 446.
  • Robert Schumann's Carnival (1835).Debussy may have added the operetta Mon ami Pierrot (1862) by Léo Delibes, whom he admired, to this list. He probably would have excluded Jacques Offenbach's Pierrot Clown, a theater score of 1855.
  • Georges Méliès's film The Nightmare [1896], The Magician [1898]
  • Alice Guy's film Arrival of Pierrette and Pierrot [1900], Pierrette's Amorous Adventures [1900]
  • Ambroise-François Parnaland's Pierrot's Big Head/Pierrot's Tongue [1900], Pierrot-Drinker [1900])
  • Emile Reynaud's Poor Pierrot (1892)

==Belgium==

;Painters

Image:Aubrey Beardsley - Death of Pierrot.jpg: "The Death of Pierrot", The Savoy, August 1896.]]

  • Pierrot figured prominently in the drawings of Aubrey Beardsley, and various writers referenced him in their poetry.{{Cite book|last=Dobson|first=Austin|author-link=Henry Austin Dobson|chapter=After Watteau|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/collectedpoems01dobsgoog#page/n490/mode/2up|title=Collected Poems|year=1913|page=476|edition=9th|publisher=E.P. Dutton & Company|location=New York|via=Internet Archive|access-date=2016-07-01}} Poem first published in December 1893 number of Harper's Magazine.{{Cite book|last=Symons|first=Arthur|author-link=Arthur Symons|chapter=Pierrot in Half-Mourning|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/silhouettes00symogoog#page/n116/mode/2up|title=Silhouettes; and, London nights|year=1896|publisher=Leonard Smithers|location=London|page=90|edition=2nd|via=Internet Archive|access-date=2016-07-01}}{{Cite book|last=Custance|first=Olive|author-link=Olive Custance|chapter=Pierrot|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/TheYellowBookAnIllustratedQuarterly/YellowBookAnIllustratedQuarterly1897bVolXiii.April#page/n127/mode/2up|title=The Yellow Book, An Illustrated Quarterly|year=1897|volume=XIII|page=121|via=Internet Archive|access-date=2016-07-01}}
  • Ethel Wright, painting Bonjour, Pierrot! (1893)
  • Clifford Essex, pantomime L'Enfant prodigue (Pierrot the Prodigal [1890])http://www.prom-prom.com/tony-lidington/radio/pierrot-hero-clifford-essex/ "Pierrot Hero: The Memoirs of Clifford Essex."
  • Pierrots sang, danced, juggled, and joked on the piers of Brighton, Margate and Blackpool.See Calvert, Pertwee.
  • Will Morris Pierrots
  • Walter Westley Russell painting The Pierrots (c. 1900)
  • Edward Gordon Craig, in 1897, gave a stage-reading dressed as Pierrot.Martin Shaw, [http://www.martinshawmusic.com/articles/egc_how_we_met.html How We Met—Edward Gordon Craig and Martin Shaw].

==Austria and Germany==

  • Franz Blei: The Kissy-Face: A Columbiade (1895)
  • Richard Specht: Pierrot-Hunchback (1896)
  • Richard Beer-Hofmann: Pierrot-Hypnotist (1892, first pub. 1984).Vilain, pp. 69, 77, 79.
  • Hermann Bahr: Pantomime of the Good Man (1893)
  • Rudolf Holzer: Puppet Loyalty (1899)
  • Karl Michael von Levetzow: Two Pierrots (1900)Toepfer, [https://karltoepfer.com/2019/06/30/germanic-pantomime-pierrot-in-vienna/ "Germanic Pantomime: Pierrot in Vienna"], n.p. (pp. 731–32, 742–44 in PDF download)

Image:Paul Hoecker-Pierrot mit Pfeifen.jpg: Pierrots with Pipes, c. 1900. Location unknown.]]

==Italy==

==Spain==

==North America==

  • Pierrot in the so-called little magazines of the 1890s. The Chap-Book (1894–98) printed Percival Pollard's Pierrot piece in its second number,"For a Jest's Sake" (1894).See reproductions (in poster form) in Margolin, pp. 110, 111.
  • Canadian poet Bliss Carman in Harper's.)Carman's "The Last Room. From the Departure of Pierrot" appeared originally in the August 1899 number of Harper's; it is reprinted (as "The Last Room") in {{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/balladsandlyric00carmgoog#page/n87/mode/2up/search/columbine|title=Ballads and Lyrics|website=archive.org|access-date=2016-04-20}}
  • composer Amy Beach Children's Carnival (1894)
  • composer Arthur Foote Five Bagatelles (1893)
  • William Dean Howells, Pastels in Prose (1890)It also contains a short tale of Pierrot by Paul Leclercq, "A Story in White".Merrill, [https://archive.org/stream/pastelsinprose00merrgoog#page/n10/mode/2up p. vii.]
  • Alfred Thompson, Pierrot the Painter (1893),[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1894/02/16/106093868.pdf "Mr. Sargent's Pupils Again"], New York Times, February 16, 1894. music by Laura Sedgwick Collins.[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1893/12/08/109271203.pdf "Pierrot at Berkeley Lyceum"], New York Times, December 8, 1893.
  • Stuart Merrill, Pastels in Prose William Theodore Peters, Posies out of Rings: And Other Conceits (1896){{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/posiesoutofrings00peteiala#page/6/mode/2up|title=Posies out of rings, and other conceits|website=archive.org|year=1896|access-date=2016-07-01}}
  • Bernardo Couto Castillo, short stories "Pierrot Enamored of Glory" (1897), "Pierrot and His Cats" (1898), "The Nuptials of Pierrot" (1899), "Pierrot's Gesture" (1899), "The Caprices of Pierrot" (1900), "Pierrot-Gravedigger" (1901).All collected in Muñoz Fernández.

==Central and South America==

  • Rubén Darío, 1898 prose-poem The Eternal Adventure of Pierrot and Columbine.

==Russia==

;Dance

Early twentieth century (1901–1950): notable works

= Non-operatic works for stage and screen =

== Plays, playlets, pantomimes, and revues ==

  • American (U.S.A.)—Clements, Colin Campbell: Pierrot in Paris (1923); Faulkner, William: The Marionettes (1920, pub. 1977); Hughes, Glenn: Pierrot's Mother (1923); Johnstone, Will B.: I'll Say She Is (1924 revue featuring the Marx Brothers and two "breeches" Pierrots; music by Tom Johnstone); Macmillan, Mary Louise: Pan or Pierrot: A Masque (1924); Millay, Edna St. Vincent: Aria da Capo (1920);{{cite book |last=Millay |first=Edna St. Vincent |url=https://archive.org/stream/ariadecapoplay00millrich#page/n7/mode/2up |title=Aria da capo, a play in one act |publisher=Mitchell Kennerley |year=1921 |isbn=978-1-44006-330-5 |location=New York |author-link=Edna St. Vincent Millay |access-date=2016-04-17 |via=Internet Archive}} Renaud, Ralph E.: Pierrot Meets Himself (1933); Rogers, Robert Emmons: Behind a Watteau Picture (1918);{{Cite web |title=Behind a Watteau picture; a fantasy in verse, in one act |url=https://archive.org/stream/behindwatteaupic00rogeiala#page/n7/mode/2up |access-date=2016-04-17 |website=archive.org}} Shephard, Esther: Pierrette's Heart (1924); Thompson, Blanche Jennings: The Dream Maker (1922);{{Cite web |title=The Drama magazine |url=https://archive.org/stream/dramamagazine12dramuoft#page/196/mode/2up |access-date=2016-04-17 |website=archive.org}} Walker, Stuart: The Moon Lady (written 1908, produced c. 1915).
  • Argentinian—Lugones, Leopoldo: The Black Pierrot (1909).
  • Austrian—Hardt-Warden, Bruno, and Ignaz Michael Welleminsky: The Tarantella of Death (1920; music by Julius Bittner); Noetzel, Hermann: Pierrot's Summer Night (1924); Schnitzler, Arthur: The Transformations of Pierrot (1908), The Veil of Pierrette (1910; with music by Ernö Dohnányi; see also "Stuppner" among the Italian composers under Western classical music (instrumental) below); Schreker, Franz: The Blue Flower, or The Heart of Pierrot: A Tragic Pantomime (1909), The Bird, or Pierrot's Mania: A Pantomimic Comedy (1909).
  • Belgian—Cantillon, Arthur: Pierrot before the Seven Doors (1924).
  • Brazilian—César da Silva, Júlio: The Death of Pierrot (1915).
  • British—Burnaby, Davy: The Co-Optimists (revue of 1921—which was revised continually up to 1926—played in Pierrot costumes, with music and lyrics by various entertainers; filmed in 1929); Cannan, Gilbert: Pierrot in Hospital (1923); Craig, Edward Gordon: The Masque of Love (1901; a chorus of Pierrots, strung like puppets, is manipulated by a chorus of Harlequins); "Cryptos" and James T. Tanner: Our Miss Gibbs (1909; musical comedy played in Pierrot costumes); Down, Oliphant: The Maker of Dreams (1912);{{Cite web |title=The maker of dreams; a fantasy in one act |url=https://archive.org/stream/makerofdreamsfan00down#page/n3/mode/2up |access-date=2016-04-17 |website=archive.org}} Drinkwater, John: The Only Legend: A Masque of the Scarlet Pierrot (1913;{{Cite web |title=The only legend : a masque of the Scarlet Pierrot |url=https://archive.org/stream/onlylegendmasque00drin#page/n5/mode/2up |access-date=2016-04-17 |website=archive.org}} music by James Brier); Housman, Laurence, and Harley Granville-Barker: Prunella: or, Love in a Dutch Garden (1906, rev. ed. 1911;{{Cite web |title=Prunella, or, Love in a Dutch garden |url=https://archive.org/stream/prunellaorlovein00housrich#page/n9/mode/2up |access-date=2016-04-17 |website=archive.org}} film of play, directed by Maurice Tourneur, released in 1918); Lyall, Eric: Two Pierrot Plays (1918); Rodker, John: "Fear" (1914),{{Cite web |title=The Egoist |url=http://library.brown.edu/cds/repository2/repoman.php?verb=render&id=1305902597593752&view=pageturner&pageno=15 |access-date=2016-07-05 |website=library.brown.edu}} "Twilight I" (1915),{{Cite web |title=Others |url=http://library.brown.edu/cds/repository2/repoman.php?verb=render&id=1308772966290627&view=pageturner&pageno=12 |access-date=2016-07-05 |website=library.brown.edu}} "Twilight II" (1915);{{Cite web |title=Catholic Anthology |url=http://library.brown.edu/cds/repository2/repoman.php?verb=render&id=1363358435310401&view=pageturner&pageno=106 |access-date=2016-07-05 |website=library.brown.edu}} Sargent, Herbert C.: Pierrot Playlets: Cackle for Concert Parties (1920).
  • Canadian—Carman, Bliss, and Mary Perry King: Pas de trois (1914);{{Cite web |title=Earth Deities, and Other Rhythmic Masques |url=https://archive.org/stream/earthdeitiesand00carmgoog#page/n82/mode/2up/search/pas+de+trois |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=archive.org}} Green, Harry A.: The Death of Pierrot: A Trivial Tragedy (1923); Lockhart, Gene: The Pierrot Players (1918; music by Ernest Seitz).
  • Croatian—Krleža, Miroslav: Mascherata (1914).
  • Dutch—Nijhoff, Martinus: Pierrot at the Lamppost (1918).
  • French—Baival, C., Paul Ternoise, and Albert Verse: Pierrot's Choice (1950); Ballieu, A. Jacques: Pierrot at the Seaside (1905); Beissier, Fernand: Mon Ami Pierrot (1923); Champsaur, Félicien: The Wedding of the Dream (pantomimic interlude in novel Le Combat des sexes [1927]); Guitry, Sacha: Deburau (1918);{{Cite web |title=Deburau, a comedy |url=https://archive.org/stream/deburaucomedy00guit#page/n3/mode/2up |access-date=2016-04-17 |website=archive.org}} Hennique, Léon: The Redemption of Pierrot (1903); Morhardt, Mathias: Mon ami Pierrot (1919); Prévert, Jacques: Baptiste (1946; choreography by Jean-Louis Barrault; Marcel Marceau played Harlequin); Strarbach, Gaston: Pierrot's Revenge (1913); Tervagne, Georges de, and Colette Cariou: Mon ami Pierrot (1945); Voisine, Auguste: Pierrot's Scullery-Brats (1903); Willette, Adolphe: Several works, including The Golden Age (1907; Georges Wague played Pierrot), Montmartre (1913; choreography by Mariquita; music by Auguste Georges Bosc).
  • German—Feuchtwanger, Lion: Pierrot's Dream (1916); Levetzow, Karl Michael von: Pierrot's Life, Suffering, and Ascension (1902); Münzer, Kurt: The Last Mask (1917; music by Wilhelm Mauke).
  • Irish—Clarke, Austin: Trilogy of Pierrot/Pierrette plays—The Kiss (1942), The Second Kiss (1946), The Third Kiss (1976).
  • Italian—Adami, Giuseppe: Pierrot in Love (1924); Cavacchioli, Enrico: Pierrot, Employee of the Lottery: Grotesque Fantasy ... (1920); Zangarini, Carlo: The Divine Pierrot: Modern Tragicomedy ... (1931).
  • Japanese—Michio Itō (worked mainly in U.S.A.): The Donkey (1918; music by Lassalle Spier).

File:Vsevolod Meyerhold as Pierrot (1907).jpg dressed as Pierrot for his own production of Alexander Blok's Fairground Booth, 1906.]]

== Ballet, cabaret, and Pierrot troupes ==

File:Vertinskyposter.jpg as Pierrot. Poster by pre-revolutionary unknown artist.]]

File:Ernst Deutsch-Dryden - Komödianten Poster.jpg as Pierrot in Urban Gad's Behind Comedy's Mask (1913). Poster by Ernst Deutsch-Dryden.]]

  • German—Schlemmer, Oskar, and Paul Hindemith: Triadic Ballet (1922).
  • Russian—Fokine, Michel: The Immortal Pierrot (1925; ballet, premiered in New York City); Legat, Nikolai and Sergei: The Fairy Doll Pas de trois (1903; ballet; added to production of Josef Bayer's ballet Die Puppenfee in St. Petersburg; music by Riccardo Drigo; revived in 1912 as Les Coquetteries de Columbine, with Anna Pavlova).
  • Vertinsky, Alexander: Cabaret singer (1889–1957)—became known as the "Russian Pierrot" after debuting around 1916 with "Pierrot's doleful ditties"—songs that chronicled tragic incidents in the life of Pierrot. Dressed in black, his face powdered white, he performed world-wide, settling for nine years in Paris in 1923 to play the Montmartre cabarets. One of his admirers, Konstantin Sokolsky, assumed his Pierrot persona when he debuted as a singer in 1928.
  • See also Pierrot lunaire below.

== Films ==

= Visual arts =

== Works on canvas, paper, and board ==

File:Maxfield Parrish--The Lantern-Bearers, 1908.jpg: The Lantern-Bearers, 1908. Appeared as frontispiece of Collier's Weekly, December 10, 1910.]]

File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Pierrot blanc.jpg: White Pierrot, 1901/1902. Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit.]]

File:Leo Rauth Ein gern gesehener Gast.JPG: "A Welcome Guest", Illustrite Zeitung, February 15, 1912.]]

File:Zinaida Serebryakova - self-portrait as Piero (1911).jpg: Self-Portrait as Pierrot, 1911. Odessa Art Museum.]]

File:Konstantin Somov--Lady and Pierrot, 1910..JPG: Lady and Pierrot, 1910. Odessa Art Museum.]]

File:Alexander Evgenyevich Yakovlev Pierrot Arlecine.jpg: Harlequin and Pierrot (Self-Portraits of and by Suhaev and A. Yakovlev), 1914. Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.]]

File:Juan Gris - Pierrot I 1919.jpg: Pierrot, 1919. Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris.]]

File:Juan Gris - Pierrot 1921.jpg

  • American—Bloch, Albert (worked mainly in Germany as member of Der Blaue Reiter): Many works, including Harlequinade (1911), Pierrot (1911); Piping Pierrot (1911), Harlequin and Pierrot (1913), Three Pierrots and Harlequin (1914); Bradley, Will: Various posters and illustrations (see, e.g., "Banning" under Poetry below); Heintzelman, Arthur William: Pierrot (n.d.); Hopper, Edward: Soir Bleu (1914); Kuhn, Walt: Portrait of the Artist as a Clown (1932), Study for Young Clown (1932), Clown in Blue (1933), Clown (1945); Parrish, Maxfield: Pierrot's Serenade (1908), The Lantern-Bearers (1908), Her Window (1922); Sloan, John: Old Clown Making Up (1910); Yasuo Kuniyoshi (born in Japan): The Clown (1948).
  • Austrian—Eggeler, Stefan: Many works, including "Pierrot's Song of Love and Death" (#1 of Musical Miniatures [1921]), 6 lithographs in 1922 [German] ed. of Arthur Schnitzler's Veil of Pierrette (see above, under Plays, playlets, pantomimes, and revues), The Disappointed Lover (1922), On the Way Home (1922); Geiger, Richard (worked mainly in Hungary): Many works, including Columbine and Pierrot (1920), Duet (c. 1925), Pierrot and Columbine (1937); Kirchner, Raphael: The Loves of Pierrot (c. 1920); Kubin, Alfred: Death of Pierrot (1922); Schiele, Egon: Pierrot (Self-Portrait) (1914).
  • Belgian—Ensor, James: Pierrot and Skeletons (1905), Pierrot and Skeletons (1907), Intrigued Masks (1930); Henrion, Armand: Series of self-portraits as Pierrot (1920s).
  • Brazilian—Di Cavalcanti: Pierrot (1924).
  • British—Armstrong, John: Veronica as a Clown (1950); Knight, Laura: Clown (n.d.); Sickert, Walter: Pierrot and Woman Embracing (1903–1904), Brighton Pierrots (1915; two versions).
  • Canadian—Manigault, Edward Middleton (worked mainly in U.S.A.): The Clown (1912), Eyes of Morning (Nymph and Pierrot) (1913).
  • Cuban—Beltrán Masses, Federico (worked in Spain): Azure Hour (1917), Sick Pierrot (1929).
  • Czech—Kubišta, Bohumil: Pierrot (1911).
  • Danish—Nielsen, Kay (worked in England 1911–16): Pierrot (c. 1911).
  • French—Alleaume, Ludovic: Poor Pierrot (1915); Derain, André: Pierrot (1923–1924), Harlequin and Pierrot (c. 1924); Gabain, Ethel: Many works, including Pierrot (1916), Pierrot's Love-letter (1917), Unfaithful Pierrot (1919); La Fresnaye, Roger de: Study for "Pierrot" (1921); La Touche, Gaston de: Pierrot's Greeting (n.d.); Laurens, Henri: Pierrot (c. 1922); Matisse, Henri: The Burial of Pierrot (1943); Mossa, Gustav-Adolf: Pierrot and the Chimera (1906), Pierrot Takes His Leave (1906), Pierrot and His Doll (1907); Picabia, Francis: Pierrot (early 1930s), Hanged Pierrot (c. 1941); Renoir, Pierre-Auguste: White Pierrot (1901/1902); Rouault, Georges: Many works, including White Pierrot (1911), Pierrot (1920), Pierrot (1937–1938), Pierrot (or Pierrette) (1939), Aristocratic Pierrot (1942), The Wise Pierrot (1943), Blue Pierrots with Bouquet (c. 1946).
  • German—Beckmann, Max: Pierrot and Mask (1920), Before the Masked Ball (1922), Carnival (1943); Campendonk, Heinrich: Pierrot with Mask (1916), Pierrot (with Serpent) (1923), Pierrot with Sunflower (1925); Dix, Otto: Masks in Ruins (1946); Erler, Fritz: Black Pierrot (1908); Faure, Amandus: Standing Artist and Pierrot (1909); Heckel, Erich: Dead Pierrot (1914); Hofer, Karl: Circus Folk (c. 1921), Masquerade a.k.a. Three Masks (1922); Leman, Ulrich: The Juggler (1913); Macke, August: Many works, including Ballets Russes (1912), Clown (Pierrot) (1913), Face of Pierrot (1913), Pierrot and Woman (1913); Mammen, Jeanne: The Death of Pierrot (n.d.); Nolde, Emil: Pierrot and White Lilies (c. 1911), Women and Pierrot (1917); Rauth, Leo: Many works, including Pierrot and Columbine (1911), A Welcome Guest (1912), Confession of Love (1912), In the Spotlight (1914); Schlemmer, Oskar: Pierrot and Two Figures (1923); Werner, Theodor: Pierrot lunaire (1942).
  • Italian—Modigliani, Amedeo (worked mainly in France): Pierrot (1915); Severini, Gino: Many works, including The Two Pierrots (1922), Pierrot (1923), Pierrot the Musician (1924), The Music Lesson (1928–1929), The Carnival (1955).
  • Mexican—Cantú, Federico: Many works, including The Death of Pierrot (1930–1934), Prelude to the Triumph of Death (1934), The Triumph of Death (1939); Clemente Orozco, José: The Clowns of War Arguing in Hell (1940s); Montenegro, Roberto: Skull Pierrot (1945); Zárraga, Ángel: Woman and Puppet (1909).
  • Russian—Chagall, Marc (worked mainly in France): Pierrot with Umbrella (1926); Serebriakova, Zinaida: Self-Portrait as Pierrot (1911); Somov, Konstantin: Lady and Pierrot (1910), Curtain Design for Moscow Free Theater (1913), Italian Comedy (1914; two versions); Suhaev, Vasilij, and Alexandre Yakovlev: Harlequin and Pierrot (Self-Portraits of and by Suhaev and A. Yakovlev) (1914); Tchelitchew, Pavel (worked mainly in France and U.S.A.): Pierrot (1930).
  • Spanish—Briones Carmona, Fernando: Melancholy Pierrot (1945); Dalí, Salvador: Pierrot's Love (c. 1905), Pierrot with Guitar (1924), Pierrot Playing the Guitar (1925); García Lorca, Federico: Pierrot lunar (1928); Gris, Juan (worked mainly in France): Many works, including Pierrot (1919), Pierrot (1921), Pierrot Playing Guitar (1923), Pierrot with Book (1924); Picasso, Pablo (worked mainly in France): Many works, including Pierrot (1918), Pierrot and Harlequin (1920), Three Musicians (1921; two versions), Portrait of Adolescent as Pierrot (1922), Paul as Pierrot (1925); Valle, Evaristo: Pierrot (1909).
  • Swiss—Klee, Paul (worked mainly in Germany): Many works, including Head of a Young Pierrot (1912), Captive Pierrot (1923), Pierrot Lunaire (1924), Pierrot Penitent (1939); Menta, Edouard John: Pierrot's Dream (1908).
  • Ukrainian—Andriienko-Nechytailo, Mykhailo (worked mainly in France): Pierrot with Heart (1921).

== Sculptures and constructions ==

  • American (U.S.A.)—Cornell, Joseph: A Dressing Room for Gilles (1939).
  • French—Vermare, André-César: Pierrot (n.d.; terracotta).
  • German—Hub, Emil: Pierrot (c. 1920; bronze).
  • Lithuanian—Lipchitz, Jacques (worked mainly in France and U.S.A.): Pierrot (1909), Detachable Figure (Pierrot) (1915), Pierrot with Clarinet (1919), Seated Pierrot (1922), Pierrot (1925), Pierrot with Clarinet (1926), Pierrot Escapes (1927).
  • Ukrainian—Archipenko, Alexander (worked mainly in France and U.S.A.): Carrousel Pierrot (1913), Pierrot (1942); Ekster, Aleksandra (worked mainly in France): Pierrot (1926).

= Literature =

== Poetry ==

  • American (U.S.A.)—Akins, Zoë: "Pierrot and the Parasol" (1912),{{Cite web |title=Interpretations, a book of first poems |url=https://archive.org/stream/interpretations00akingoog#page/n96/mode/2up/search/Pierrot |access-date=2016-07-03 |website=archive.org}} "Pierrot and the Peacock's Feather" (1917);{{Cite web |title=Mon Ami Pierrot: Songs and Fantasies |url=https://archive.org/stream/monamipierrotso00stargoog#page/n47/mode/2up/search/peacock's |access-date=2016-07-03 |website=archive.org}} Banning, Kendall, ed.: Mon Ami Pierrot: Songs and Fantasies (1917; frontispiece by Will Bradley);{{Cite web |title=Mon Ami Pierrot: Songs and Fantasies |url=https://archive.org/stream/monamipierrotso00stargoog#page/n7/mode/2up |access-date=2016-07-03 |website=archive.org}} Beswick, Katherine: Columbine Wonders and Other Poems (c. 1920); Bodenheim, Maxwell: "Pierrot Objects" (1920);{{Cite web |title=Advice; a book of poems |url=https://archive.org/stream/adviceabookpoem01bodegoog#page/n38/mode/2up/search/pierrot |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=archive.org}} Branch, Anna Hempstead: "The Theatre-Curtain" (1905);{{Cite web |title=The shoes that danced, and other poems |url=https://archive.org/stream/shoesthatdanced00brangoog#page/n179/mode/2up |access-date=2016-07-03 |website=archive.org}} Breed, Ida Marian: Poems for Pierrot (1939); Burt, Maxwell Struthers: "Pierrot at War" (1916);{{Cite web |title=Mon Ami Pierrot: Songs and Fantasies |url=https://archive.org/stream/monamipierrotso00stargoog#page/n67/mode/2up |access-date=2016-07-03 |website=archive.org}} Poem first published in April 1916 number of Scribner's Magazine. Burton, Richard: "Here Lies Pierrot" (1913); Chaplin, Ralph: Maybe, Pierrot ... (c. 1918); Crane, Hart: "The Moth That God Made Blind" (c. 1918, pub. 1966); Crapsey, Adelaide: "Pierrot" (c. 1914);{{Cite web |title=Verse |url=https://archive.org/stream/verse00crapgoog#page/n81/mode/2up/search/pierrot |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=archive.org}} Faulkner, William: Vision in Spring (1921, pub. 1984); Ficke, Arthur Davison: "A Watteau Melody" (1913);{{Cite web |title=Mon Ami Pierrot: Songs and Fantasies |url=https://archive.org/stream/monamipierrotso00stargoog#page/n27/mode/2up |access-date=2016-07-03 |website=archive.org}} Poem first published in February 1913 number of Poetry: A Magazine of Verse. Garrison, Theodosia: "At Columbine's Window" (1902),{{Cite web |title=The Earth Cry: And Other Poems |url=https://archive.org/stream/earthcryandothe00garrgoog#page/n74/mode/2up/search/pierrot |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=archive.org}} Poem first published in February 1902 number of The Smart Set. "The Memories of Pierrot" (1906),{{Cite web |title=The joy o' life, and other poems |url=https://archive.org/stream/joyolifeotherpoe00garr#page/12/mode/2up/search/pierrot |access-date=2016-04-25 |website=archive.org}} Poem first published in February 1906 number of Harper's Magazine. "Good-Bye, Pierrette" (1910),{{Cite web |title=The Dreamers: And Other Poems |url=https://archive.org/stream/dreamersandothe00garrgoog#page/n97/mode/2up/search/pierrette |access-date=2016-04-21 |website=archive.org}} Poem first published in December 1910 number of The Smart Set. "Monseigneur Plays" (1911),{{Cite web |title=The Dreamers: And Other Poems |url=https://archive.org/stream/dreamersandothe00garrgoog#page/n27/mode/2up |access-date=2016-04-25 |website=archive.org}} Poem first published in June 1911 number of Scribner's Magazine. "When Pierrot Passes" (1913);{{Cite web |title=The Dreamers: And Other Poems |url=https://archive.org/stream/dreamersandothe00garrgoog#page/n49/mode/2up/search/pierrot |access-date=2016-04-25 |website=archive.org}} Poem first published in January 1913 number of The Smart Set. Griffith, William: Loves and Losses of Pierrot (1916),{{Cite web |title=Loves and Losses of Pierrot |url=https://archive.org/stream/lovesandlossesp00grifgoog#page/n8/mode/2up |access-date=2016-04-25 |website=archive.org}} Three Poems: Pierrot, the Conjurer, Pierrot Dispossesed {{sic}}, The Stricken Pierrot (1923); Hughes, Langston: "A Black Pierrot" (1923), "Pierrot" (1926), "For Dead Mimes" (1926), "Heart" (1932);Hughes' "A Black Pierrot" was set to voice and piano by William Grant Still as part of Still's Songs of Separation (1945); Hughes' "Pierrot" was set to voice and piano by Howard Swanson in 1950. Hughes' "Heart" was set to voice and piano (as "Pierrot [Heart]") by Michael Schachter in 2011. Johns, Orrick: "The Last Poet" (1917);{{Cite web |title=Asphalt: And Other Poems |url=https://archive.org/stream/asphaltandother03johngoog#page/n98/mode/2up |access-date=2016-07-03 |website=archive.org}} Loveman, Samuel: "In Pierrot's Garden" (1911; five poems);{{Cite web |title=Poems |url=https://archive.org/stream/poemssam00loverich#page/n5/mode/2up/search/pierrot |access-date=2016-04-25 |website=archive.org}} Lowell, Amy: "Stravinsky's Three Pieces: "Grotesques", for string quartet" (1916);{{Cite web |title=Men, Women and Ghosts |url=https://archive.org/stream/menwomenandghos00lowegoog#page/n364/mode/2up/search/stravinsky |access-date=2016-04-25 |website=archive.org}} Masters, Edgar Lee: "Poor Pierrot" (1918);{{Cite web |title=Toward the gulf |url=https://archive.org/stream/towardgulf01mastgoog#page/n144/mode/2up/search/pierrot |access-date=2016-04-25 |website=archive.org}} Moore, Marianne: "To Pierrot Returning to His Orchid" (c. 1910);A variant of the poem is entitled "To a Pierrette with Her Arm Around a Brass Vase as Tall as herself." It appears in an appendix in Moore, pp. 401–402. Shelley, Melvin Geer: "Pierrot" (1940); Stevens, Wallace: "Pierrot" (1909, first pub. 1967 [in Buttel]); Taylor, Dwight: Some Pierrots Come from behind the Moon (1923); Teasdale, Sara: "Pierrot" (1911),{{Cite web |title=Helen of Troy: and other poems |url=https://archive.org/stream/helentroyandoth01teasgoog#page/n64/mode/2up/search/pierrot |access-date=2016-04-25 |website=archive.org}}Teasdale's "Pierrot" was set to voice and piano by Jesse Johnston (1911), Charles Tomlinson Griffes (1912), Josephine McGill (1912), Walter Meyrowitz (1912), Helen Livingstone (1913), Ernst R. Kroeger (1914), Harold Vincent Milligan (1917), Mark Andrews (1919; also a version for chorus and piano, 1929), Jessie L. Gaynor (1919), Wintter Watts (1919), Dagmar de Corval Rybner (1921), Homer Samuels (1922), Gardner Read (1943), and Robert F. Baksa (2002; #4 of Teasdale Songs entitled "Portrait of Pierrot"). As "Pierrot Stands in the Garden", it was set to voice and piano by Eugene M. Bonner in 1914; and as the opening song of the cycle First Person Feminine, it was set to chorus and piano by Seymour Barab in 1970. "Pierrot's Song" (1915),{{Cite book |last=Teasdale |first=Sara |title=Rivers to the Sea |publisher=Macmillan Company |year=1926 |location=New York |page=95 |chapter=Pierrot's Song |author-link=Sara Teasdale |access-date=2016-07-03 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/riverstosea01teasgoog#page/n112/mode/2up |via=Internet Archive}} "The Rose" (1915);{{Cite book |last=Teasdale |first=Sara |title=Rivers to the Sea |publisher=Macmillan Company |year=1926 |location=New York |page=92 |chapter=The Rose |access-date=2016-07-03 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/riverstosea01teasgoog#page/n110/mode/2up/search/rose |via=Internet Archive}} Underwood, Wilbur: A Book of Masks (1907); Viereck, George Sylvester: "Pierrot Crucified" (1916);{{Cite web |title=Songs of Armageddon, and other poems |url=https://archive.org/stream/songsarmageddon00viergoog#page/n60/mode/2up |access-date=2016-07-03 |website=archive.org}} Widdemer, Margaret: "The Song of Pierrot" (1915).{{Cite web |title=The factories, with other lyrics |url=https://archive.org/stream/factorieswithoth00widduoft#page/58/mode/2up |access-date=2016-07-03 |website=archive.org}}
  • Argentinian—Lugones, Leopoldo: Lunario sentimental (1909).
  • Australian—Gard'ner, Dorothy M.: Pierrot and Other Poems (1916).
  • Austrian—Schaukal, Richard von: Pierrot and Columbine, or The Marriage Song. A Roundelay ... (1902).
  • British—Becker, Charlotte: "Pierrot Goes" (1918); Christie, Agatha: A Masque from Italy (1925);Section-heading under which are grouped several poems about Pierrot in Christie's Poems (1925). Coward, Noël: "Pierrot and Pierrette" (1915, first pub. 2012); Drinkwater, John: "Pierrot" (c. 1910);{{Cite book |last=Drinkwater |first=John |url=https://archive.org/stream/poems01dringoog#page/n126/mode/2up |title=Poems, 1908–1919 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company |year=1919 |pages=108–109 |author-link=John Drinkwater (playwright) |access-date=2016-04-25 |via=Internet Archive}} Foss, Kenelm: The Dead Pierrot (1920); Rodker, John: "The Dutch Dolls" (1915).{{Cite web |title=Others |url=http://library.brown.edu/cds/repository2/repoman.php?verb=render&id=1308772966290627&view=pageturner&pageno=14 |access-date=2016-07-03 |website=library.brown.edu}}
  • Canadian—Carman, Bliss: "Pierrot's House" (1901),{{Cite web |title=Mon Ami Pierrot: Songs and Fantasies |url=https://archive.org/stream/monamipierrotso00stargoog#page/n33/mode/2up |access-date=2016-07-03 |website=archive.org}} Poem first published in August 1901 number of The Smart Set. "Pierrot in Autumn" (1901),{{Cite web |title=Mon Ami Pierrot: Songs and Fantasies |url=https://archive.org/stream/monamipierrotso00stargoog#page/n63/mode/2up |access-date=2016-07-03 |website=archive.org}} Poem first published in December 1901 number of The Smart Set. "At Columbine's Grave" (1902),{{Cite web |title=Ballads and Lyrics |url=https://archive.org/stream/balladsandlyric00carmgoog#page/n85/mode/2up/search/columbine |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=archive.org}} "The Book of Pierrot", from Poems (1904, 1905).
  • Dutch—Nijhoff, Martinus: "Pierrot" (1916).
  • Estonian—Semper, Johannes: Pierrot (1917).
  • French—Fourest, Georges: "The Blonde Negress" (1909); Klingsor, Tristan: "By Moonlight" (1908), "At the Fountain" (1913); Magre, Maurice: "The Two Pierrots" (1913); Rouault, Georges: Funambules (1926).
  • German—Gleichen-Russwurm, Alexander von: Pierrot: A Parable in Seven Songs (1914); Günter, Marie-Madeleine: "Black Pierrot" (1905); Presber, Rudolf: Pierrot: A Songbook (1920).
  • Jamaican—Roberts, Walter Adolphe: Pierrot Wounded, and Other Poems (1919).{{Cite web |title=Pierrot wounded, and other poems |url=https://archive.org/stream/pierrotwoundedot00robe#page/n7/mode/2up |access-date=2016-04-25 |website=archive.org}}
  • New Zealander—Hyde, Robin: "Pierrette" (1925), "The Dying Pierrot" (1927).
  • Puerto Rican—Nicolás Blanco, Antonio: Pierrot's Garden (1914).
  • Russian—Akhmatova, Anna: Poem without a Hero (Part I: "The Year Nineteen Thirteen", written 1941, pub. 1960); Blok, Alexander: "The Puppet Show", "The Light Wandered about in the Window", "The Puppet Booth", "In the Hour when the Narcissus Flowers Drink Hard", "He Appeared at a Smart Ball", "Double" (1902–1905; series related to Blok's play The Puppet Show [see under Plays, playlets, pantomimes, and revues above]); Guro, Elena: "Boredom" and "Lunar", from The Hurdy-Gurdy (1909); Kuzmin, Mikhail Alekseevich: "Where will I find words" (1906), "In sad and pale make-up" (1912).
  • Spanish—Carrere, Emilio: "End of Carnival" (1919); Champourcin, Ernestina de: "Romantic Carnival" (1926); García Lorca, Federico: "Pierrot: Intimate Poem" (1918); Machado, Manuel: Caprices (1905).
  • Ukrainian—Semenko, Mykhaylo: Pierrot Loves (1918), Pierrot Puts on Airs (1918), Pierrot Deadnooses (1919).

== Fiction ==

= Music =

== Songs and song-cycles ==

  • American (U.S.A.)—Goetzl, Anselm: "Pierrot's Serenade" (1915; voice and piano; text by Frederick H. Martens); Hoiby, Lee: "Pierrot" (1950; #2 of Night Songs for voice and piano; text by Adelaide Crapsey [see above under Poetry]); Johnston, Jesse: "Pierrot: Trio for Women's Voices" (1911; vocal trio and piano); Kern, Jerome: "Poor Pierrot" (1931; voice and orchestra; lyrics by Otto Harbach). For settings of poems by Langston Hughes and Sara Teasdale, see also these notes.
  • British—Coward, Sir Noël: "Parisian Pierrot" (1922; voice and orchestra); Scott, Cyril: "Pierrot amoureux" (1912; voice and piano), "Pierrot and the Moon Maiden" (1912; voice and piano; text by Ernest Dowson from Pierrot of the Minute [see above under England]); Shaw, Martin: "At Columbine's Grave" (1922; voice and piano; lyrics by Bliss Carman [see above under Poetry]).
  • French—Lannoy, Robert: "Pierrot the Street-Waif" (1938; choir with mixed voices and piano; text by Paul Verlaine); Poulenc, Francis: "Pierrot" (1933; voice and piano; text by Théodore de Banville); Privas, Xavier: Many works, in both Chansons vécues (1903; "Unfaithful Pierrot", "Pierrot Sings", etc.; voice and piano; texts by composer) and Chanson sentimentale (1906; "Pierrot's All Hallows", "Pierrot's Heart", etc.; voice and piano; texts by composer); Rhynal, Camille de: "The Poor Pierrot" (1906; voice and piano; text by R. Roberts).
  • German—Künneke, Eduard: [Five] Songs of Pierrot (1911; voice and piano; texts by Arthur Kahane).
  • Italian—Bixio, Cesare Andrea: "So Cries Pierrot" (1925; voice and piano; text by composer); Bussotti, Sylvano: "Pierrot" (1949; voice and harp).
  • Japanese—Osamu Shimizu: Moonlight and Pierrot Suite (1948/49; male chorus; text by Horiguchi Daigaku).
  • See also Pierrot lunaire below.

== Instrumental works (solo and ensemble) ==

  • American (U.S.A.)—Abelle, Victor: "Pierrot and Pierrette" (1906; piano); Neidlinger, William Harold: Piano Sketches (1905; #5: "Pierrot"; #7: "Columbine"); Oehmler, Leo: "Pierrot and Pierrette – Petite Gavotte" (1905; violin and piano).
  • Belgian—Strens, Jules: "Mon ami Pierrot" (1926; piano).
  • British—Scott, Cyril: "Two Pierrot Pieces" (1904; piano), "Pierrette" (1912; piano).
  • Brazilian—Nazareth, Ernesto: "Pierrot" (1914; piano: Brazilian tango).
  • Czech—Martinů, Bohuslav: "Pierrot's Serenade", from Marionettes, III (c. 1913, pub. 1923; piano).
  • French—Audan, Marguerite: "Pierrot and Pierrette" (1901; piano); Debussy, Claude: Sonata for Cello and Piano (1915; Debussy had considered calling it "Pierrot angry at the moon"); Popy, Francis: Pierrot Sleeps (n.d.; violin and piano); Salzedo, Carlos (worked mainly in U.S.A.): "Pierrot is Sad", from Sketches for Harpist Beginners, Series II (1942; harp); Satie, Erik: "Pierrot's Dinner" (1909; piano).
  • German—Bohm, Carl: Carnival (1907; #6: "Pierrot and Columbine"; piano); Kaun, Hugo: Pierrot and Columbine: Four Episodes (1907; piano).
  • Hungarian—Vecsey, Franz von: "Pierrot's Grief" (1933; violin and piano).
  • Italian—Drigo, Riccardo (worked mainly in Russia): "Pierrot's Song: Chanson-Serenade for Piano" (1922); Pierrot and Columbine" (1929; violin and piano). These pieces are re-workings of the famous "Serenade" from his score for the ballet Les Millions d'Arlequin (see Russia above).
  • Swiss—Bachmann, Alberto: Children's Scenes (1906; #2: "Little Pierrot"; violin and piano).

== Works for orchestra ==

== Operas, operettas, and ''zarzuelas'' ==

Late twentieth/early twenty-first centuries (1951– ): notable works

{{More citations needed section|date=November 2021}}

In the latter half of the twentieth century, Pierrot continued to appear in the art of the Modernists—or at least of the long-lived among them: Chagall, Ernst, Goleminov, Hopper, Miró, Picasso—as well as in the work of their younger followers, such as Gerard Dillon, Indrek Hirv, and Roger Redgate. And when film arrived at a pinnacle of auteurism in the 1950s and '60s, aligning it with the earlier Modernist aesthetic, some of its most celebrated directors—Bergman, Fellini, Godard—turned naturally to Pierrot.

But Pierrot's most prominent place in the late twentieth century, as well as in the early twenty-first, has been in popular, not High Modernist, art. As the entries below tend to testify, Pierrot is most visible (as in the eighteenth century) in unapologetically popular genres—in circus acts and street-mime sketches, TV programs and Japanese anime, comic books and graphic novels, children's books and young adult fiction (especially fantasy and, in particular, vampire fiction), Hollywood films, and pop and rock music. He generally assumes one of three avatars: the sweet and innocent child (as in the children's books), the poignantly lovelorn and ineffectual being (as, notably, in the Jerry Cornelius novels of Michael Moorcock), or the somewhat sinister and depraved outsider (as in David Bowie's various experiments,{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1298512813 |title=Outer space and popular culture : influences and interrelations. Part 2 |date=2022 |editor=Annette Froehlich |isbn=978-3-030-91786-9 |location=Cham |at=1-17 |oclc=1298512813}} or Rachel Caine's vampire novels, or the S&M lyrics of the English rock group Placebo).

The format of the lists that follow is the same as that of the previous section, except for the Western pop-music singers and groups. These are listed alphabetically by first name, not last (e.g., "Stevie Wonder", not "Wonder, Stevie").

= Non-operatic works for stage and screen =

== Plays, pantomimes, variety shows, circus, and dance ==

  • American—Balanchine, George (born in Russia): Harlequin (1965; revival of ballet Harlequin's Millions [see Russia above]); Craton, John: Pierrot and Pierrette a.k.a. Le Mime solitaire (2009; ballet); Muller, Jennifer (head of three-member Works Dance Company, New York): Pierrot (1986; music and scenario by Thea Musgrave [see below under Western classical and jazz: Instrumental]); Russillo, Joseph (works mainly in France): Pierrot (1975; ballet); Totheroh, Dan: The Masque of Pierrot: A Masque in One Act (1967); Wilson, Robert: Letter to a Man (2015; "a sort of vaudeville show, a series of acts, most of them featuring Nijinsky-Baryshnikov"—i.e., the character Vaslav Nijinsky played by Mikhail Baryshnikov—"in a tuxedo and elaborate whiteface: the face of Pierrot, of Petrushka ...").Joan Acocella, "Mad Scene," The New Yorker, 27 June 2016, p. 66.
  • British—Littlewood, Joan, and the Theatre Workshop: Oh, What a Lovely War! (1963; a musical satire on World War I played in Pierrot costumes); Wilson, Ronald Smith: Harlequin, Pierrot & Co. (1976).
  • Canadian—Cirque du Soleil (performs internationally): Corteo (2005–present; Pierrot appears as "White Clown"), La Nouba (1998–present; features a Pierrot Rouge [or "Acrobatic Pierrot"] and a Pierrot Clown).
  • Cuban—Morejón, Nancy: Pierrot and the Moon (1999).
  • Czech—Fialka, Ladislav: Mime who created clown personae modeled after Marcel Marceau, Pierrot, and a Chaplinesque whiteface figure wearing a bow tie and straw hat. In 1953–1954, he staged pantomimic dances based on Pierrot playlets enacted by Jean-Gaspard Deburau. After meeting Marceau in Paris in 1956, he founded, two years later, his own pantomime company and began producing revue/cabaret pantomime shows in which the action revolved around his clown characters. In 1977, he staged Funambules, scenes based upon the life of Deburau.Condensed and slightly altered excerpt from Toepfer, [https://karltoepfer.com/2019/07/03/pantomime-in-cold-war-eastern-europe-czechoslovakian-pantomime/ "Pantomime in Cold War Eastern Europe: Czechoslovakian Pantomime"], n.p. (p. 1026 in PDF download).
  • French—Marceau, Marcel: Pierrot of Montmartre (1952; inspired by black-suited Pierrot of Adolphe Willette;Toepfer, [https://karltoepfer.com/2019/07/02/the-postwar-mime-culture-marcel-marceau/ "The Postwar Mime Culture: Marcel Marceau"], n.p. (p. 995 in PDF download). music by Joseph Kosma); The Mime Sime: The Fantasies of Pierrot (2007).
  • German—König, Rainer: Pierrot's Version: A Mime Breaks His Silence (n.d.); Lemke, Joachim: Pierrot for a Moment (n.d.); Le Pustra (performs internationally): self-styled "Vaudeville's Darkest Muse" (2006–present).
  • Irish—See Clarke, Austin, above, under Plays, playlets, pantomimes, and revues: Irish.
  • Russian—Pimonenko, Evgeny (performs internationally): Your Pierrot (c. 1994–present; act by black-suited Pierrot-juggler-equilibrist, originally of Valentin Gneushev's Cirk Valentin).
  • Swedish—Cramér, Ivo: Pierrot in the Dark (1982; ballet).
  • Swiss—Pic (Richard Hirzel): Pierrot clown famously associated, from 1980, with the German Circus Roncalli.
  • See also Pierrot lunaire below.

== Films and television ==

= Visual arts =

  • American (U.S.A.)—Dellosso, Gabriela Gonzalez: Many works, most notably Garrik (n.d.); Hopper, Edward: Two Comedians (1966); Longo, Robert: Pressure (1982/83); Nauman, Bruce: No No New Museum (1987; videotape); Serrano, Andres: A History of Sex (Head) (1996).
  • Argentinian—Ortolan, Marco: Venetian Clown (n.d.); Soldi, Raúl: Pierrot (1969), Three Pierrots (n.d.).
  • Austrian—Absolon, Kurt: Cycle of Pierrot works (1951).
  • British—Hockney, David: Troop of Actors and Acrobats (1980; one of stage designs for Satie's Parade [see under Ballet, cabaret, and Pierrot troupes above]), paintings on Munich museum walls for group exhibition on Pierrot (1995); Self, Colin: Pierrot Blowing Dandelion Clock (1997).
  • Chilean—Bravo, Claudio: The Ladies and the Pierrot (1963).
  • Colombian—Botero, Fernando: Pierrot (2007), Pierrot lunaire (2007), Blue Pierrot (2007), White Pierrot (2008).
  • German—Alt, Otmar: Pierrot (n.d.).; Ernst, Max (worked mainly in France): Mon ami Pierrot (1974); Lüpertz, Markus: Pierrot lunaire: Chair (1984).
  • Italian—Barnabè, Duilio (worked mainly in France): Pierrot (1960).
  • Irish—Dillon, Gerard: Many works, including Bird and Bird Canvas (c. 1958), And the Time Passes (1962), The Brothers (1967), Beginnings (1968), Encounter (c. 1968), Red Nude with Loving Pierrot (c. 1970); Robinson, Markey: Many works.
  • Russian—Chagall, Marc (worked mainly in France): Circus Scene (late 1960s/early 1970s), Pierrot lunaire (1969).
  • Spanish—Miró, Joan (worked mainly in France and U.S.A.): Pierrot le fou (1964); Picasso, Pablo (worked mainly in France): Many works, including Pierrot with Newspaper and Bird (1969), various versions of Pierrot and Harlequin (1970, 1971), and metal cut-outs: Head of Pierrot (c. 1961), Pierrot (1961); Roig, Bernardí: Pierrot le fou (2009; polyester and neon lighting); Ruiz-Pipó, Manolo: Many works, including Orlando (Young Pierrot) (1978), Pierrot Lunaire (n.d.), Lunar Poem (n.d.).
  • Commercial art. A variety of Pierrot-themed items, including figurines, jewelry, posters, and bedclothes, are sold commercially.See, e.g., Bordet.

= Literature =

== Poetry ==

  • American (U.S.A.)—Hecht, Anthony: "Clair de lune" (before 1977); Koestenbaum, Wayne: Pierrot Lunaire (2006; ten original poems with titles from the Giraud/Schoenberg cycle in Koestenbaum's Best-Selling Jewish Porn Films [2006]); Nyhart, Nina: "Captive Pierrot" (1988; after the Paul Klee painting); Peachum, Jack: "Our Pierrot in Autumn" (2008).
  • British—Moorcock, Michael: "Pierrot on the Moon" (1987); Smart, Harry: "The Pierrot" (1991).
  • Estonian—Hirv, Indrek: The Star Beggar (1993).
  • French—Butor, Michel and Michel Launay: Pierrot Lunaire (1982; retranslation into French of Hartleben's 21 poems used by Schoenberg [see Pierrot lunaire below], followed by original poems by Butor and Launay).
  • Italian—Brancaccio, Carmine: The Pierrot Quatrains (2007).
  • New Zealander—Sharp, Iain: The Pierrot Variations (1985).

== Fiction ==

  • American (U.S.A.)—Caine, Rachel: Feast of Fools (Morganville Vampires, Book 4) (2008; vampire Myrnin dresses as Pierrot); Dennison, George: "A Tale of Pierrot" (1987); dePaola, Tomie: Sing, Pierrot, Sing: A Picture Book in Mime (1983; children's book, illustrated by the author); Hoban, Russell (has lived in England since 1969): Crocodile and Pierrot: A See-the-Story Book (1975; children's book, illustrated by Sylvie Selig).
  • Austrian—Frischmuth, Barbara: From the Life of Pierrot (1982).
  • Belgian—Norac, Carl: Pierrot d'amour (2002; children's book, illustrated by Jean-Luc Englebert).
  • Brazilian—Antunes, Ana Claudia: The Pierrot's Love (2009).
  • British—Gaiman, Neil (has lived in U.S.A. since 1992): "Harlequin Valentine" (1999), Harlequin Valentine (2001; graphic novel, illustrated by John Bolton); Greenland, Colin: "A Passion for Lord Pierrot" (1990); Moorcock, Michael: The English Assassin and The Condition of Muzak (1972, 1977; hero Jerry Cornelius morphs into role of Pierrot), "Feu Pierrot" (1978); Stevenson, Helen: Pierrot Lunaire (1995).
  • Canadian—Major, Henriette: The Vampire and the Pierrot (2000; children's book); Laurent McAllister: "Le Pierrot diffracté" ("The Diffracted Pierrot" [1992]).
  • French—Boutet, Gérard: Pierrot and the Secret of the Flint Stones (1999; children's book, illustrated by Jean-Claude Pertuzé); Dodé, Antoine: Pierrot Lunaire (2011; vol. 1 of projected graphic-novel trilogy, images by the author); Tournier, Michel: "Pierrot, or The Secrets of the Night" (1978).
  • Japanese—Kōtaro Isaka: A Pierrot a.k.a. Gravity Clown (2003; a film based on the novel was released in 2009).
  • Polish—Lobel, Anita (naturalized U.S. citizen 1956): Pierrot's ABC Garden (1992; children's book, illustrated by author).
  • Russian—Baranov, Dimitri: Black Pierrot (1991).
  • South Korean—Jung Young-moon: Moon-sick Pierrot (2013).
  • Spanish—Francés, Victoria: Misty Circus 1: Sasha, the Little Pierrot (2009; children's book, illustrated by author; a sequel, Misty Circus 2: the Night of the Witches, appeared in 2010).

== Comic books ==

  • American (U.S.A.)—DC Comics: Batman R.I.P.: Midnight in the House of Hurt (2008 [#676]; features Pierrot Lunaire—who subsequently appears in ten other issues).{{Cite web |title=Pierrot Lunaire (Character) |url=https://comicvine.gamespot.com/pierrot-lunaire/4005-55217/ |access-date=2021-06-05 |website=Comic Vine |language=en}}
  • Japanese (manga)—Katsura Hoshino: D. Gray-man, serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump, Jump Square, Jump SQ.Crown, and Jump SQ.Rise (2004–present; main character, Allen Walker, is "the pierrot who will cause the akuma [i.e., demons] to fall"; anime based on manga released 2006–2008); Takashi Hashiguchi: Yakitate!! Japan (Freshly Baked!! Japan [Jap. pan = bread]), serialized in Shogakukan's Shōnen Sunday (2002–2007; features a clown-character named Pierrot Bolneze, heir to the throne of Monaco; anime based on manga released 2004–2006).

= Music =

== Western classical and jazz ==

; Vocal

; Instrumental

  • American (U.S.A.)—Brown, Earle: Tracking Pierrot (1992; chamber ensemble); DeNizio, John: a number of LPs and EPs[http://rateyourmusic.com/artist/pierrot_lunaire_f1 Pierrot Lunaire Albums]. of experimental/drone music released under the moniker "Pierrot Lunaire" (2011– ); Lewis, John: "Two Lyric Pieces: Pierrot/Columbine", from album The John Lewis Piano (1957; piano and guitar); Rorem, Ned: Bright Music: Pierrot (1987; flute, two violins, cello, and piano); Wharton, Geoffry (works mainly in Germany): Five Pierrot Tangos (n.d.; violin/viola, flute, piano/synthesizer, cello, clarinet, and voice).
  • Argentinian—Franzetti, Carlos: Pierrot and Columbine (2012; small ensemble and string orchestra).
  • Austrian—Herf, Franz Richter: "Pierrot" (1955; piano).
  • British—Beamish, Sally: Commedia (1990; mixed quintet; theater piece without actors, in which Pierrot is portrayed by violin); Biberian, Gilbert: Variations and Fugue on "Au Clair de la Lune" (1967; wind quartet), Pierrot: A Ballet (1978; guitar duo); Hackett, Steve: "Pierrot", from Momentum (1988; guitar); Kinsey, Tony: "Pierrot" (1955; Quartet Le Sage); Musgrave, Thea: Pierrot (1985; for clarinet [Columbine], violin [Pierrot], and piano [Harlequin]; inspired dance by Jennifer Muller [see above under Plays, pantomimes, variety shows, circus, and dance]); Redgate, Roger: Pierrot on the Stage of Desire (1998; for Pierrot ensemble).
  • Bulgarian—Goleminov, Marin: "Pierrot", from Five Impressions (1959; piano).
  • Canadian—Longtin, Michel: The Death of Pierrot (1972; tape-recorder).
  • Dutch—Boer, Eduard de (a.k.a. Alexander Comitas): Pierrot: Scherzo for String Orchestra (1992).
  • Finnish—Tuomela, Tapio: Pierrot: Quintet No. 2 for Flute, Clarinet, Violin, Cello, and Piano (2004).
  • French—Duhamel, Antoine: Pierrot le fou: Four Pieces for Orchestra (1965/66); Françaix, Jean: Pierrot, or The Secrets of the Night (1980; ballet, libretto by Michel Tournier; see above under Fiction); Lancen, Serge: Mascarade: For Brass Quintet and Wind Orchestra (1986; #3: "Pierrot"); Naulais, Jérôme: The Moods of Pierrot (n.d.; flute and piano).
  • German—Kirchner, Volker David: Pierrot's Gallows Songs (2001; clarinet); Kühmstedt, Paul: Dance-Visions: Burlesque Suite (1978; #3: "Pierrot and Pierrette").
  • Hungarian—Papp, Lajos: Pierrot Dreams: Four Pieces for Accordion (1993).
  • Italian—Guarnieri, Adriano: Pierrot Suite (1980; three chamber ensembles), Pierrot Pierrot! (1980; flutes, celesta, percussion); Paradiso, Michele: Pierrot: Ballet for Piano (in Four Hands) and Orchestra (2008); Pirola, Carlo: Story of Pierrot (n.d.; brass band); Stuppner, Hubert: Pierrot and Pierrette (1984; ballet, libretto by Arthur Schnitzler [see The Veil of Pierrette under Plays, playlets, pantomimes, and revues]); Vidale, Piero: Pierrot's Dream: Four Fantasy Impressions (1957; orchestra).
  • Russian—Koshkin, Nikita: "Pierrot and Harlequin", from Masquerades, II (1988; guitar); Voronov, Grigori: Pierrot and Harlequin (n.d. [recorded 2006]; saxophone and piano).
  • Swiss—Gaudibert, Éric: Pierrot, to the table! or The Poet's Supper (2003; percussion, accordion, saxophone, horn, piano).
  • Uruguayan—Pasquet, Luis (emigrated to Finland 1974): Triangle of Love (n.d.; #1: "Pierrot"; piano and brass band).

; Opera

== Rock/pop ==

=== Group names and costumes ===

  • American—Bob Dylan performed often in whiteface in his Rolling Thunder Revue (1975), partly in homage to the Barrault/Deburau Pierrot of Children of Paradise;Wilentz, pp. 161–63. the face of Frank Sinatra is made up as Pierrot's (disfigured by a cherry nose à la Emmett Kelly) on the cover of his album Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely (1958); Lady Gaga appears as Pierrot on the cover of her single "Applause" from her album Artpop (2013); Michael Jackson appears as Pierrot on the cover of the Michael Jackson Mega Box (2009), a DVD collection of interviews with the singer; "Puddles, the Sad Clown with the Golden Voice", a persona of "Big" Mike Geier, pays tribute to Pierrot on his concert tours and YouTube videos, most notably with Scott Bradlee's Postmodern Jukebox.{{Cite web |title=Puddles the Clown and Postmodern Jukebox Cover Blink-182's "All The Small Things" |url=https://nerdist.com/article/puddles-the-clown-and-postmodern-jukebox-cover-blink-182s-all-the-small-things/ |access-date=2021-06-05 |website=Nerdist |language=en-US}}
  • British—David Bowie dressed as Pierrot for the single and video of "Ashes to Ashes" (1980) and for the cover of his album Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps) (1980;{{cite book |last=Pegg |first=Nicholas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LqFkDQAAQBAJ |title=The Complete David Bowie |publisher=Titan Books |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-78565-365-0 |edition=revised and updated |location=London |pages=397–401}} referring to his ever-changing performing personae, Bowie told an interviewer in 1976,{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KNpzEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22I%27m+Pierrot.+I%27m+Everyman%22&pg=PT57 |title=I'm not a film star : David Bowie as actor |date=2022 |editor1=Ian Dixon |editor2=Brendan Black |isbn=978-1-5013-6865-3 |location=New York |oclc=1303569537}} "I'm Pierrot. I'm Everyman. What I'm doing is theatre ... the white face, the baggy pants – they're Pierrot, the eternal clown putting over the great sadness ..."); Leo Sayer dressed as Pierrot on tour following the release of his first album, Silverbird (1973); Robots in Disguise: The Tears (2008), a video by Graeme Pearce, features black-suited Pierrots involved in love triangle.
  • Finnish—Poets of the Fall front-man Marko Saaresto uses stage and video personae based on Pierrot, notably in the videos for singles "Carnival of Rust" (2006), "Can You Hear Me" (2011), "Cradled in Love" (2012) and "Drama for Life" (2016). His personae go by different names, including "Zoltar", "The Poet of the Fall" and "Jeremiah Peacekeeper".
  • Hungarian—Pierrot's Dream was a rock band performing from 1986 to 1996; its singer-founder Tamás Z. Marosi often appeared in a clown half-mask.
  • Italian—Pierrot Lunaire was a progressive rock/folk band.
  • Japanese—Közi often wore a Pierrot costume while a member of the visual rock band Malice Mizer (1992–2001); Pierrot was a rock band active from 1994 to 2006.
  • Russian—Cabaret Pierrot le Fou is a cabaret-noir group formed by Sergey Vasilyev in 2009; The Moon Pierrot was a conceptual rock band active from 1985 to 1992; it released its English-language studio album The Moon Pierrot L.P. in 1991 (a second album, Whispers & Shadows, recorded in 1992, was not released until 2013).
  • Scottish—Zal Cleminson, lead guitarist of The Sensational Alex Harvey Band, appeared in whiteface throughout his years with the group.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W4mUDwAAQBAJ&dq=Zal+Cleminson+whiteface&pg=PT97 |title=The Routledge companion to popular music and humor |date=2019 |editor1=Thomas M. Kitts |editor2=Nicolas Baxter-Moore |isbn=978-1-351-26664-2 |location=New York, NY |oclc=1079400777}}

=== Songs, albums, and rock musicals ===

References

{{reflist}}

=Works cited=

{{refbegin|2}}

  • {{cite book |last=Chaplin |first=Charles |author-link=Charlie Chaplin |year=1966 |title=My autobiography |url=https://archive.org/details/myautobiographyi00chap |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Pocket Books}}
  • {{Cite book |last=Clayton |first=J. Douglas |title=Pierrot in Petrograd: Commedia dell'Arte/Balagan in twentieth-century Russian theatre and drama |url=https://archive.org/details/pierrotinpetrogr0000clay|url-access=registration|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |location=Montreal |year=1993 |isbn=0773511369}}
  • {{Cite book |last=Deutsch|first=Otto Erich |title=Mozart: a documentary biography |publisher=Stanford University Press |location=Stanford, CA |year=1966 |isbn=0713603798}}
  • {{cite book |last=Disher |first=M. Willson |year=1925 |title=Clowns and pantomimes |location=London |publisher=Constable}}
  • {{Cite book |last=Findlater |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Findlater |title=Joe Grimaldi, his life and theatre |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, Eng. |year=1978 |isbn=0521222214 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/joegrimaldihisli0000find}}
  • {{Cite book |last=Peral Vega|first=Emilio |title=Pierrot/Lorca: white carnival of black desire |publisher=Tamesis Books |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk, Eng. |year=2015 |isbn=978-1855662964}}

{{refend}}

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