Curicó

Curicó means "black waters" in Mapudungun, originally meaning "land of black water".

The city's symbol is a heraldic emblem representing the esteemed civic traditions of Curicó's early Spanish settlers. It features a silver knight on a black horse, set against a green field, slaying a golden serpent. The lower part carries the phrase "Noble and Loyal Villa de San José de Buenavista de Curicó," while the upper part displays a golden mural crown.

This coat of arms is a modification of the emblem of field marshal Lorenzo de Labra y Corvalán de Castilla, the landowner where the city's original and modern structures were erected. The Spanish colony was on the verge of adopting this symbol when the War of Independence broke out.

Ahead of Curicó's bicentennial, the Spanish community conducted a thorough study and successfully recovered the coat of arms, whose model is housed in the National Historical Museum in Santiago. On 2 September 1943, a month before the city's anniversary, the municipal council, led by Mayor Carlos Castro, officially declared this coat of arms as the city's emblem.

The coat of arms of the Curicó commune is used in internal and public ceremonies involving the Curicó Municipality. It is also utilized in public events organized by city institutions. Additionally, it serves as an essential element in all official documentation of the municipality, as well as in seals and stamps of the corporation.

Image:Curico_in_1901.png

The city of Curicó was originally inhabited by the indigenous Curis ("black"), named after the color of their lands near streams and wetlands.{{Cite web |last=Cervantes |first=Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de |title=Historia de Curicó |url=https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/historia-de-curico--0/html/ff917b2e-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_6.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes |language=es}}

Founded as San José de Buena Vista de Curicó on 9 October 1743, through donations from residents like Captain Pedro Nolasco Solorza and Mónica Donoso y Navarro, widow of Labra, under the authorization of José Antonio Manso de Velasco, governor of Chile and later viceroy of Peru.

In 1747, Governor Domingo Ortiz de Rozas relocated the city 3 kilometers east due to excessive humidity. However, it didn't thrive until after the 1751 earthquake forced the inhabitants of the old town to move.

Despite its strategic location, the city struggled with a small population and conservative influences from local convents and aristocratic families.

The oldest and most valuable building of the city is La Iglesia San Francisco ("San Francisco's Church"), built in 1734, and came to its current location in 1759.

Curicó gained city status in 1830. Luis Cruz Martínez, a Chilean military figure, is celebrated as the city's hero, and Curicó serves as a central hub for communication, commerce, and the economy of nearby agro-industries.

The 2010 Chilean Earthquake heavily impacted Curicó, causing the collapse of the historic district where sixty percent of houses and ninety percent of the district remain unreconstructed. Examples include the phased inauguration of the San José de Curicó Hospital.

Curicó is known for its strong local identity, fostered by a good neighborhood atmosphere, hero Luis Cruz Martínez, and its football club.

Curicó is on the Guaiquillo River, {{convert|183|km|0|abbr=on}} south of Santiago along the route of the Chilean Central Railway. The city is situated in the fertile Chilean Central Valley, {{convert|228|m|0|abbr=on}} above sea-level, in the midst of a comparatively well-cultivated region. The eastern and western sides are mountainous, separated by the Chilean Central Valley. A volcano called Descabezado Grande can be seen from most parts at a distance of eighty kilometers. The commune spans an area of {{convert|1328.4|sqkm|0|abbr=on}}.

The main rivers are the Lontué River and Teno River, which surround the city. The landscape is dominated by the Andes and Chilean Coastal Range.

Curicó has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb), relatively hot dry summers (November to March) with temperatures reaching {{convert|32|C}} on the hottest days. Winters (June to August) are more humid, with typical maximum daily temperatures of {{convert|15|C}}. Mean rainfall is {{convert|855.98|mm|0|abbr=on}} per year. In August 2007, Curicó experienced snowfall for the first time in over 60 years.{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}}

In the southern part of the valley the climate is more temperate and rainfall more abundant; the effects of this are to be seen in better pasturage. Irrigation is used to a large extent.

{{Weather box

|width = auto

|location = Curicó (General Freire Airfield) 1991–2020, extremes 1950–present

|metric first = Y

|single line = Y

|Jan record high C = 37.3

|Feb record high C = 37.4

|Mar record high C = 35.2

|Apr record high C = 32.2

|May record high C = 27.5

|Jun record high C = 21.7

|Jul record high C = 22.8

|Aug record high C = 25.9

|Sep record high C = 29.6

|Oct record high C = 31.7

|Nov record high C = 36.6

|Dec record high C = 36.6

|year record high C = 37.4

|Jan high C = 30.3

|Feb high C = 29.5

|Mar high C = 26.8

|Apr high C = 21.0

|May high C = 15.9

|Jun high C = 12.5

|Jul high C = 12.3

|Aug high C = 14.8

|Sep high C = 17.8

|Oct high C = 21.2

|Nov high C = 25.4

|Dec high C = 28.4

|year high C = 21.3

|Jan mean C = 21.6

|Feb mean C = 20.8

|Mar mean C = 18.5

|Apr mean C = 14.1

|May mean C = 10.8

|Jun mean C = 8.6

|Jul mean C = 7.9

|Aug mean C = 9.6

|Sep mean C = 11.8

|Oct mean C = 14.5

|Nov mean C = 17.6

|Dec mean C = 20.0

|year mean C = 14.7

|Jan low C = 12.8

|Feb low C = 12.0

|Mar low C = 10.2

|Apr low C = 7.2

|May low C = 5.7

|Jun low C = 4.6

|Jul low C = 3.5

|Aug low C = 4.4

|Sep low C = 5.8

|Oct low C = 7.7

|Nov low C = 9.8

|Dec low C = 11.7

|year low C = 8.0

|Jan record low C = -0.8

|Feb record low C = 0.8

|Mar record low C = -2.0

|Apr record low C = -6.0

|May record low C = -8.1

|Jun record low C = -7.6

|Jul record low C = -9.8

|Aug record low C = -7.5

|Sep record low C = -7.4

|Oct record low C = -4.2

|Nov record low C = 0.0

|Dec record low C = 0.9

|year record low C = -9.8

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 2.6

|Feb precipitation mm = 3.4

|Mar precipitation mm = 9.3

|Apr precipitation mm = 32.3

|May precipitation mm = 102.1

|Jun precipitation mm = 159.1

|Jul precipitation mm = 102.7

|Aug precipitation mm = 93.2

|Sep precipitation mm = 46.5

|Oct precipitation mm = 26.3

|Nov precipitation mm = 9.3

|Dec precipitation mm = 9.2

|year precipitation mm = 596.0

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 0.4

|Feb precipitation days = 0.3

|Mar precipitation days = 0.8

|Apr precipitation days = 3.1

|May precipitation days = 5.6

|Jun precipitation days = 9.1

|Jul precipitation days = 7.0

|Aug precipitation days = 6.6

|Sep precipitation days = 4.0

|Oct precipitation days = 2.8

|Nov precipitation days = 1.0

|Dec precipitation days = 0.8

|year precipitation days = 41.5

|Jan humidity = 51

|Feb humidity = 54

|Mar humidity = 60

|Apr humidity = 71

|May humidity = 81

|Jun humidity = 86

|Jul humidity = 84

|Aug humidity = 79

|Sep humidity = 73

|Oct humidity = 66

|Nov humidity = 58

|Dec humidity = 53

|year humidity = 68

|Jan sun = 363.7

|Feb sun = 315.3

|Mar sun = 265.3

|Apr sun = 174.3

|May sun = 109.4

|Jun sun = 78.9

|Jul sun = 102.5

|Aug sun = 132.8

|Sep sun = 167.6

|Oct sun = 227.6

|Nov sun = 296.6

|Dec sun = 335.4

|year sun = 2569.4

|source 1 = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile (humidity 1970–2000)

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230523164928/https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/datosNormales/340031

| archive-date = 23 May 2023

| url = https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/datosNormales/340031

| title = Datos Normales y Promedios Históricos Promedios de 30 años o menos

| publisher = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile

| language = es

| access-date = 23 May 2023}}{{cite web

| url = https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/temperaturaHistoricaAnual/340031

| title = Temperatura Histórica de la Estación General Freire, Curicó Ad. (340031)

| publisher = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile

| language = es

| access-date = 23 May 2022

| archive-date = 23 May 2023

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230523165046/https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/temperaturaHistoricaAnual/340031

| url-status = dead

}}{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170630032343/http://164.77.222.61/climatologia/publicaciones/Estadistica_ClimatologicaI.pdf

| archive-date = 30 June 2017

| url = http://164.77.222.61/climatologia/publicaciones/Estadistica_ClimatologicaI.pdf

| title = Estadistica Climatologica Tomo I

| access-date = March 17, 2014

| publisher = Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil

| pages = 488–558

| language = es

| date = March 2001}}

|source 2 = NOAA (precipitation days 1991–2020){{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230806111116/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-3-WMO-Normals-9120/Chile/CSV/Generalfreirecuricoad_85629.csv

| archive-date = 6 August 2023

| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-3-WMO-Normals-9120/Chile/CSV/Generalfreirecuricoad_85629.csv

| title = General Freire Curicó Climate Normals 1991–2020

| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)

| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

| access-date = 6 August 2023}}

|date=March 2014}}

According to the 2012 census of the National Statistics Institute, Curicó spans an area of {{convert|1328.4|sqkm|0|abbr=on}} and has 147,017 inhabitants (68,768 men and 70,817 women). Of these, 130,506 (84%) lived in urban areas and 19,079 (16%) in rural areas. Between the 1992 and 2002 censuses, the population grew by 14.9% (15,472 persons).

File:Curico,_Maule_Region,_Chile_-_panoramio_(4).jpg

The city's main economy relies heavily on agricultural activities, particularly large fruit plantations like apple orchards, cherry trees, vineyards, and kiwi farms, along with annual crops such as sugar beets, industrial tomatoes, wheat, corn, and fresh vegetables. Fruit-exporting companies like Agricom, Unifrutti, Copefrut, Del Monte, and others operate in the area. The city is also home to wineries like Viña San Pedro, Concha y Toro, and Santa Rita, producing wine for both domestic and international markets.

Image:Mallcenter curico.JPG

In the tertiary sector, the city offers a full range of services, including financial institutions, transportation, department stores, professional institutes, universities, healthcare facilities, and entertainment options. In 2012, the country's largest particleboard panel plant, owned by Arauco, commenced operations.

In 2007, the region's major shopping center, Mall Curicó (105,000 m²), owned by Inmobiliaria Mall Viña del Mar S.A., was inaugurated. Anchor stores like Ripley, París, Jumbo, and Easy attract visitors. The mall expanded in 2018, introducing the first H&M store between Santiago and Concepción. In 2019, a unique gastronomic boulevard opened, featuring stores like Burger King, Starbucks, Manarola, and La Serrana. The expansion also brought Cineplanet and the Apple product retail store MacOnline to the area.

In 2019, Mercado Quadra started operations, including the opening of a Tottus supermarket. Future plans include a gym by Energy and additional commercial spaces.

In 2018, Curicó had 5,562 registered companies. The Economic Complexity Index (ECI) for that year was 1.77. Key economic activities with high Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) indices were the Manufacture of Bituminous Mixtures (41.15), Production of Flower, Meadow, Fruit, and Vegetable Seeds (39.54), and Production in Nurseries, Except Forest Species (28.5).

Curicó, a city characterized by its wine culture, hosts the Fiesta de la Vendimia ("Wine Harvest Festival") annually from March 15 to 20. This celebration reflects the rich tradition of Creole culture and the city's history, influenced by nearly five centuries of winemaking. Curicó boasts a wine route through the valley.

Image:Plaza curico.JPG

The Plaza de Armas, designated a "Typical Zone," is a major attraction adorned with sixty phoenix palm trees from the Canary Islands. It features sculptures, water fountains, and an Eiffel-style iron kiosk declared a National Monument. The square includes bronze busts of the city's founder, José Antonio Manso de Velasco, and a monument to the toqui Lautaro, carved by sculptor Heraclio Calquín.

The city's traditional cakes, known as "tortas curicanas," are popular among locals and tourists alike. Tortas Montero gained international recognition in 1995 by entering the Guinness World Records for creating the world's largest cake.

Cerro Condell, a prominent hill in the city center, is a popular spot during national holidays, offering panoramic views, recreational areas, and the Immaculate Conception monument. The Alameda Antonio Manso de Velasco avenue, adorned with gardens and trees, intersects the city, leading to the San Francisco church. Additionally, Potrero Grande, located around 30 km from Curicó, attracts nature enthusiasts with its mountainous terrain, forests, and waterfalls, ideal for hiking.

Image:Curico 16.jpg|The main parish church around main square.

Image:Curico 14.jpg|Luis Cruz Martínez, hero from Curicó.

Image:Iglesia san francisco curico.JPG|San Francisco Church, before being destroyed in the 2010 earthquake

Image:Alameda Curico 2012.jpg|Curicó, Alameda, 2012

Image:En el cerro condell.jpg|Cerro Condell, Curicó

Image:Municipalidad curico.jpg|Correos de Chile (Post office) and Curicó's Municipalidad (City hall)

Image:Kiosk de curico.jpg|Kiosk in Curicó's Plaza de Armas

The city has two universities:

• Universidad de Talca (Traditional-Public), [http://www.utalca.cl]
• Universidad Católica del Maule (Traditional-Religious), [http://www.ucm.cl]

Higher-education institutions:

• Instituto Profesional DuocUC of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
• Instituto Profesional AIEP of the Universidad Andrés Bello

The city has one of the oldest newspapers in Chile, La Prensa de Curicó (Press of Curico), founded in 1898.[http://www.diariolaprensa.cl La Prensa de Curicó] Before the earthquake of 2010, its offices were located in front of the central square, but have been relocated since because the building collapsed.

Image:Victoria Theatre.jpg|Victoria Theatre

Image:Diario la prensa casa matriz.JPG|Diario La Prensa

• Jorge Eduardo Álvarez (born 1990), Chilean footballer

Curicó is known for its bicycle culture. Many Chilean cyclists of international level started riding in the city, such as Marco Arriagada, Marcelo Arriagada and Luis Fernando Sepúlveda.

The local football team is Club Provincial Curicó Unido.

As a commune, Curicó is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. Currently, the 2024-2028 alcalde is George Bordachar Sotomayor.

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Curicó is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Roberto León (PDC) and Celso Morales (UDI) as part of the 36th electoral district, together with Teno, Romeral, Molina, Sagrada Familia, Hualañé, Licantén, Vichuquén and Rauco. The commune is represented in the Senate by Juan Antonio Coloma Correa (UDI) and Andrés Zaldívar Larraín (PDC) as part of the 10th senatorial constituency (Maule-North).

• {{in lang|de}} Census of Population in Chile

{{reflist}}

• {{in lang|es}} [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/80294996212796496754491/index.htm] History of Curicó by Tomás Guevara
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060209221624/http://www.chile.com/tpl/english/tourism/VII/ver.tpl?cod_articulo=1815] Information about cultural life and tourism.
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20050308170800/http://www.prc.utexas.edu/urbancenter/documents/report/Latin_American_Urbanization/SISTEMA%20URBANO%20ULTIMO%2027%20FEBRERO.doc] Report about urbanization in Latin American cities.

• {{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20130305230624/http://www.curico.cl/ Official Website]
• {{in lang|es}} [http://www.diariolaprensa.cl News about Curico]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060220044828/http://www.rvvc.cl/ingles/index.htm Information about Wine Route]
• [https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=curico+chile&btnG=Search&t=k Satellite Images of Curico by Google Maps]

{{commons}}

{{Cities_in the_Maule_Region}}

{{Communes in Maule Region}}

{{Large cities of Chile}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Curico}}

Category:Populated places in Curicó Province

Category:Capitals of Chilean provinces

Category:Communes of Chile

Category:Populated places established in 1743

Category:1743 establishments in the Spanish Empire