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Demographics of the Ottoman Empire#Census

{{Short description|none}}

{{Historical populations |type = |footnote = |align=right|1520|11692000 |1566|15000000|1683|30000000 |1831|27230000|1856|35350000|1881–93|17388000|1905|20884000|1906|20975345|1919|14629000}} The demographics of the Ottoman Empire include population density, ethnicity, education level, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Lucy Mary Jane Garnett stated in the 1904 book Turkish Life in Town and Country, published in 1904, that "No country in the world, perhaps, contains a population so heterogeneous as that of Turkey."Garnett, Lucy Mary Jane. Turkish Life in Town and Country. G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1904. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=t5Q4AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 1].

Census

Demographic data for most of the history of the Ottoman Empire is not quite precise. For most of the five centuries of its existence, the empire did not have easily computable valid data except figures for the number of employed citizens. Until the first official census (1881–1893), data was derived from extending the taxation values to the total population. Because of the use of taxation data to infer population size, detailed data for numerous Ottoman urban centers - towns with more than 5,000 inhabitants - is accurate. This data was collaborated with data on wages and prices. Another source was used for the numbers of landlords of households in the Ottoman Empire- every household was assumed to have 5 residents.Behar, Cem, ed. 1996. Osmanlı Đmparatorluğu'nun ve Türkiye'nin nüfusu, 1500-1927. Ankara: T.C. Basbakanlık Devlet Đstatistik Enstitüsü = State Institute of Statistics Prime Ministry Republic of Turkey.

File:Town_ottoman_balkan_religion.png|Town population in the Balkans in the 16th century

=1831 Ottoman census=

Entire villages remained uncounted. Taxable population was enumerated, i.e. healthy men over 15 years old. For some settlements the rest of the male population was the majority.

class="wikitable"
colspan="7" |{{cite book|last=Karpat |first=K.H. |title=Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics |publisher=University of Wisconsin Pres |location=Madison, Wis |year=1985 }}
Area

!Total

!Muslim

!E. Orthodox

!All Roma (Gypsies)

!Jews

!Armenians

Total (Of those counted)

|3,377,307

|1,316,682

|1,941,816

|93,943

|20,636

|4,230

Rumeli Eyalet

|

|337,001

|686,991

|25,126

|9,955

|2,099

Çatalca rural

|

|848

|2,592

|

|

|

Silivri

|

|887

|

|

|

|

Midya

|

|127

|

|

|

|

Terkos

|

|794

|

|

|

|

Çekmeceıkebır

|

|464

|

|

|

|

Çekmeceısagır

|

|403

|

|

|

|

Tiirkeşçıttiığı

|

|29

|

|

|

|

Tekturdağı

|

|3,773

|7,727

|57

|

|

Inecik

|

|812

|836

|24

|

|

Malkara

|

|1,511

|4,010

|64

|

|

Gelibolu

|

|4,179

|6,613

|

|

|

Şarköy

|

|962

|7,752

|

|

|

Bergos

|

|1,860

|3,154

|32

|51

|

Çorlu

|

|971

|1,938

|45

|73

|

Marmara Ereğlisi

|

|177

|554

|24

|

|

Babayiatik

|

|542

|1,253

|

|

|

Havas Mahmutpaşa

|

|684

|896

|

|

|

Hayrabolu

|

|2,203

|1,051

|

|

|

Evreşe

|

|666

|956

|39

|

|

Inoz

|

|274

|2,327

|62

|

|

Keşan

|

|850

|4,557

|72

|

|

Çisriergene

|

|1,929

|8,886

|

|

|

Ipsala

|

|955

|1,512

|

|

|

Edirne

|

|18,487

|16,789

|750

|1,541

|1,443

Ada rural

|

|1,090

|5,214

|

|

|

Çdke rural

|

|1,990

|4,803

|

|

|

Üsküdar and Manastır rural

|

|2,333

|17,040

|

|

|

Tırfelli rural

|

|

|181

|

|

|

Çisri Muştafa Paşa

|

|914

|1,329

|

|

|

Çirmen

|

|1,910

|1,262

|

|

|

Çirpan

|

|938

|4,619

|

|

|

Ahlçelebi

|

|6,080

|4,107

|

|

|

Akçakizanllk

|

|7,195

|8,097

|748

|

|

Zağraiatık

|

|5,586

|12,782

|

|

|

Dimetoka

|

|7,525

|10,852

|

|

|

Ferecık

|

|2,385

|3,473

|

|

|

Meğri

|

|692

|833

|

|

|

Gumülcine

|

|30,517

|5,339

|1,712

|

|

Yenıceikerasu

|

|7,582

|2,540

|1,273

|

|

Uzuncaabat Hasköy

|

|9,941

|10,118

|633

|

|

Sultanyeri

|

|6,251

|51

|89

|

|

Drama

|

|8,618

|3,077

|1,007

|

|

Cığlacik and San Şaban

|

|4,986

|131

|54

|

|

Tırnova

|

|3,051

|

|

|

|

Hutaliç rural

|

|7,543

|

|

|

|

Torluk rural

|

|5,108

|

|

|

|

Sahra rural

|

|2,678

|

|

|

|

Filibe

|

|10,920

|44,959

|2,021

|344

|344

Pazarcik

|

|3,269

|14,083

|3,653

|119

|

Ihtaman

|

|408

|1,501

|83

|

|

Sofya

|

|4,161

|39,692

|886

|

|

Şehirköy

|

|1,341

|27,643

|379

|

|

Pravişte

|

|4,718

|2,596

|259

|

|

Bereketlu

|

|967

|170

|

|

|

Kavala

|

|1,514

|102

|

|

|

Berkofca

|

|1,125

|13,549

|382

|

|

Cuma Pazari

|

|3,733

|916

|

|

|

Egri Bucak

|

|1,482

|1,294

|

|

|

Çarşamba

|

|2,350

|1,717

|

|

|

Serfıce

|

|682

|2,260

|

|

|

Tikveş

|

|4,454

|6,104

|

|

|

Petriç

|

|3,893

|3,869

|

|

|

Radovişte

|

|3,504

|4,907

|

|

|

Nevrekop

|

|8,539

|8,620

|739

|

|

Melnik

|

|918

|4,182

|260

|

|

Timurhisar

|

|3,229

|6,611

|494

|

|

Zihne

|

|2,867

|10,017

|642

|

|

Siroz

|

|4,459

|16,596

|1,761

|248

|

Selanik

|

|12,368

|2,1669

|511

|5,667

|

Yenice Vardar

|

|6,811

|4,766

|

|

|

Vodine

|

|3,996

|3,883

|

|

|

Karaferiye

|

|1,680

|11,052

|

|

|

Ağustos

|

|151

|737

|

|

|

Perzinek

|

|215

|4,436

|

|

|

Iznebol

|

|131

|5,152

|151

|

|

Ustrumca

|

|3,674

|5,344

|546

|

|

Toyran

|

|4,631

|3,076

|334

|

|

Karadağ

|

|2,722

|1,452

|108

|

|

Avrathisar

|

|3,176

|6,949

|332

|

|

Dupniçe

|

|3,528

|11,642

|

|

|

Radomir

|

|789

|7,211

|

|

|

Ivraca

|

|1,463

|14,282

|262

|

|

Kratova, Ivraniye, Palangai, Eğridere

|

|4,749

|21,068

|627

|

|

Vidin, Akçar, Karalom, Belgratçik, Çunarka, Godgoskaca and Esterlik rural

|

|6,695

|24,846

|1,289

|

|

Köprülü

|

|4,767

|12,718

|390

|

|

Perlepe

|

|3,683

|14,489

|450

|

|

Samokov

|

|816

|11,973

|11

|94

|

Köstendil

|

|3,032

|14,070

|232

|145

|

Behişte

|

|3,202

|2,176

|89

|

|

Kesriye

|

|3,313

|16,124

|335

|

|

Persepe

|

|568

|2,162

|

|

|

Manastir

|

|6,723

|24,550

|705

|1,163

|

Florina

|

|5,596

|5,253

|365

|

|

Istrova

|

|1,658

|1,176

|57

|

|

Hotpeşte

|

|2,081

|3,630

|43

|

|

Nasliç

|

|2,693

|5,748

|275

|

|

Iştip

|

|6,920

|9,826

|

|

|

Koçana

|

|3,374

|6,112

|

|

|

Kumanova

|

|2,276

|10,819

|

|

|

Silistre Eyalet

|

|150,970

|96,342

|8,779

|178

|

Niğbolu Sancak

|

|110,304

|81,489

|5,804

|178

|

Selvı

|

|7,734

|

|

|

|

Izladi

|

|2,580

|

|

|

|

Etripolu

|

|545

|

|

|

|

Lofça

|

|12,404

|

|

|

|

Plevne

|

|6,031

|

|

|

|

Rahova

|

|1,831

|

|

|

|

Sipre

|

|235

|

|

|

|

Niğbolu

|

|3,893

|8,598

|1,190

|

|

Ziştovi

|

|3,897

|5,760

|629

|

|

Rusçuk

|

|1,6165

|7,196

|1,437

|

|

Yanbolu

|

|1,942

|1,507

|

|

|

Nevahii Yanbolu

|

|1,444

|1,237

|

|

|

Zağraicedıt

|

|3,292

|4,745

|

|

|

Yenicei Kızılağaç, Hatunili

|

|499

|1,502

|

|

|

Niš

|

|1,862

|18,378

|575

|178

|

Prizren

|

|9,488

|2,867

|366

|

|

Yehud

|

|2,768

|2,479

|44

|

|

Tırguvişte

|

|2,404

|2,323

|3

|

|

Gude

|

|7,574

|

|100

|

|

Usküp

|

|9,660

|11,700

|900

|

|

Kalkandelen

|

|11,766

|8,043

|472

|

|

Kirçova

|

|2,286

|5,154

|88

|

|

Silistre Sancak

|

|40,666

|14,853

|2975

|

|

Varna

|

|3,427

|1,573

|167

|

|

Isakçi

|

|553

|605

|39

|

|

Minkalye

|

|694

|15

|37

|

|

Balçik and Kuvarna

|

|1766

|630

|125

|

|

Karkkala rural

|

|

|52

|

|

|

Maçin

|

|991

|821

|25

|

|

Köstence

|

|1,417

|386

|41

|

|

Hırsova

|

|1,391

|986

|21

|

|

Tulça

|

|472

|592

|19

|

|

Kannabad

|

|5,065

|1,454

|358

|

|

Babadağ

|

|1,171

|1,661

|38

|

|

Doskasri

|

|1,114

|596

|273

|

|

Aydos

|

|5,790

|845

|449

|

|

Yenipazar

|

|3482

|948

|300

|

|

Pravadı

|

|4,530

|1,465

|231

|

|

Umurfakih

|

|1,140

|

|146

|

|

Kozluca

|

|1,840

|1,163

|146

|

|

Pazarcık

|

|3,515

|761

|287

|

|

Çardak

|

|2,308

|300

|223

|

|

Republic of Bulgaria borders[Димитър Аркадиев. ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В БРОЯ НА НАСЕЛЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ЗЕМИ В СЪСТАВА НА ОСМАНСКАТА ИМПЕРИЯ

http://spisaniestatistika.nsi.bg/page/bg/details.php?article_id=84&tab=en] National Statistical Institute

|

|181,455

|296,769

|1,7474

|702

|344

= 1844 Ottoman census =

class="wikitable"
District

! Muslims{{cite book|last=Karpat |first=K.H. |title=Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics |publisher=University of Wisconsin Pres |location=Madison, Wis |year=1985 }}

Rumelia

| 29%

= 1881–1893 Ottoman census =

The first official census (1881–1893) took 10 years to finish. In 1893 the results were compiled and presented. This census is the first modern, general and standardized census accomplished not for taxation nor for military purposes, but to acquire demographic data. The population was divided into ethno-religious and gender characteristics. Numbers of both male and female subjects are given in ethno-religious categories including Muslims, Greeks (including Asia Minor Greeks, Pontic Greeks, and Caucasus Greeks, all Orthodox Christians under the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople from extremely distinct ethnic origin), Armenians, Bulgarians, Catholics, Jews, Protestants, Latins, Syriacs and Roma.{{harv|Karpat|1978|pp=237–274}}{{harv|Shaw|1978|pp=323–338}}

In 1867 the Council of States took charge of drawing population tables, increasing the precision of population records. They introduced new measures of recording population counts in 1874. This led to the establishment of a General Population Administration, attached to the Ministry of Interior in 1881–1882. These changes politicized the population counts.

Image:Prorportions des populations musulmanes grecques et armeniennes en AsieMineure d'apres la statistique du livreJaune.png|1893-96, Muslim, Greek and Armenian population

Image:Armenian population map 1896.jpg|1893-96, Armenian distribution (in color)

Image:Карта распределения армянского населения в Турецкой Армении и Курдистане, 1895.jpg|1893-96, Green shows Muslim majority, red shows Armenian majority.

class="wikitable"
colspan=4|Ottoman Census Values
Administrative Unit

|Total Pop

|Armenian Pop

|Armenian %

Van Vilayet

|132,007

|55,051

|41.70%

Bitlis Vilayet

|338,642

|108,050

|31.91%

Izmit

|228,443

|44,953

|19.68%

Erzurum Vilayet

|637,015

|120,147

|18.86%

Dersaadet

|903,482

|166,185

|18.39%

Vilayet of Mamuret-ul-Aziz

|466,579

|83,394

|17.87%

Diyarbekir Vilayet

|414,657

|60,175

|14.51%

Sivas Vilayet

|980,876

|129,085

|13.16%

Adana Vilayet

|398,764

|36,695

|9.20%

Halep Vilayet

|819,238

|70,663

|8.63%

Ankara Vilayet

|1,018,744

|81,437

|7.99%

Hüdavendigar Vilayet

|1,454,294

|70,262

|4.83%

Trabzon Vilayet

|1,164,595

|49,782

|4.27%

Sehremanati Mülhakati

|88,306

|3,074

|3.48%

Edirne

|985,962

|18,458

|1.87%

Çatalca

|61,001

|979

|1.60%

Biga

|143,904

|1,842

|1.28%

Konya

|1,022,834

|10,972

|1.07%

Aydin

|1,478,424

|15,229

|1.03%

Zor

|51,270

|474

|0.92%

Kastamonu

|968,884

|6,652

|0.69%

Kudüs

|258,860

|1,610

|0.62%

Beyrut

|620,763

|2,921

|0.47%

Suriye

|551,135

|1,478

|0.27%

Selanik

|1,038,953

|51

|0.00%

Cezayir-i Bahri Sefid

|286,736

|10

|0.00%

Manastir

|711,466

|22

|0.00%

|

|1,139,651

|

= 1905–1906 Ottoman census =

File:The Historical Atlas, 1911 – Distribution of Races in the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor.jpg|1905-1906 (printed in 1911)

File:Muslim population Ottoman Empire vilayets provinces 1906 1907 census.png|Muslim population in the Ottoman vilayets (1907)

File:Sanjak_Ottoman_western_Balkans1906_1907_Ottoman_census_muslim_percentage.png|Muslim population in the Ottoman sanjaks

After 1893 the Ottoman Empire established a statistics authority (Istatistik-i Umumi Idaresi) under which results of another official census was published in 1899.

Istatistik-i Umumi Idaresi conducted a new census survey for which field work lasted two years (1905–06). 2-3 million people in Iraq and Syria remained unregistered and uncounted.Karpat 1985

As a factual note this survey's complete (total) documentation was not published. Results of regional studies on this data were published later, which were sorted by their publication date. Included in the publication and subsequent ones was the Ottoman Empire's population as of 1911, 1912, and 1914. The substantial archival documentation on the census has been used in many modern studies and international publications. After 1906 the Ottoman Empire began to disband and a chain of violent wars such as the Italo-Turkish War, Balkan Wars and World War I drastically changed the region, its borders, and its demographics.

class="wikitable"
bgcolor=#DDDDDD

| colspan=10 align="center" | Population distribution of the Millets in the Ottoman Empire in 1906, according to the official censusStudies on Ottoman social and political history, Kemal H. Karpat, p.766, 2002-History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Stanford Jay Shaw, p.241, 1977

MilletInhabitants% of total
Muslimsa15,498,747 - 15,518,47876.09% - 74.23%
Greeksb2,823,065 - 2,833,37013.86% - 13.56%
Armeniansc1,031,708 - 1,140,5635.07% - 5.46%
Bulgarians761,530 - 762,7543.74% - 3.65%
Jews253,435 - 256,0031.24% - 1.23%
Protestantsd53,8800.26%
Othersd332,5691.59%
Total20,368,485 - 20,897,617100.00%
colspan=10 align="center" | Notes: a The Muslim Millet includes all Muslims. The largest of them being Turks, Arabs and Kurds.
b The Greek Millet includes all Christians part of the Greek Orthodox Church. This includes Slavs and Albanians.
c This includes the various Assyrian Churches.
d The first source doesn't include Protestants and "others".

= 1914 Ottoman census =

File:Proportions des populations en Asie Mineure statistique officielle d1914.png|1914, Muslim, Greek and Armenian population

class="wikitable"
colspan=4|1914 Official Census Values (Male-Female Aggregated){{cite web|url=http://www.tsk.mil.tr/8_TARIHTEN_KESITLER/8_1_Ermeni_Sorunu/konular/ermeni_faaliyetleri_pd/Arsiv_Belgeleriyle_Ermeni_Faaliyetleri_Cilt_1.pdf|title=1914 Ottoman Census table from}}{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
Province

!Muslim

!Armenian

!Greek

Adana

|341.903 (74.8%)

|52.650 (13%)

|8.974 (2.2%)

Ankara

|877.285 (92.5%)

|51.556 (5.4%)

|20.240 (2.1%)

Antalya

|235.762 (95.01%)

|630 (.02%)

|12.385 (4.97%)

Aydın (İzmir)

|1.249.067

|20.287

|299.097

Bitlis

|309.999 (72.5%)

|117.492 (27.5%)

|0

Bolu

|399.281

|2.970

|5.115

Canik

|265.950

|27.319

|98.739

Çatalca

|20.048

|842

|36.791 (63.78%)

Diyarbekir

|492.101

|65.850

|1.935

Edirne

|360.411

|19.773

|224.680

Erzurum

|673.297

|134.377

|4.864

Eskişehir

|140.678

|8.592

|2.613

Halep

|576.320

|40.843

|21.954

Harput

|446.379

|79.821

|971

Hüdavendigâr

|474.114

|60.119

|74.927

İçil

|102.034

|341

|2.507

İzmit

|226.859

|55.852

|40.048

Kale-i Sultaniye

|149.903

|2.474

|8.550

Kastamonu

|737.302

|8.959

|20.958

Karahisar-ı Sahib

|277.659

|7.439

|632

Karesi

|359.804

|8.653

|97.497

Kayseri

|184.292

|50.174

|26.590

Konya

|750.712

|12.971

|25.150

Kostantiniyye

|560.434

|82.880

|205.752

Menteşe

|188.916

|12

|19.923

Kütahya

|303.348

|4.548

|8.755

Maraş

|152.645

|32.322

|34

Niğde

|227.100

|4.936

|58.312

Sivas

|939.735

|147.099

|75.324

Trabzon

|921.128

|38.899

|161.574

Urfa

|149.384

|16.718

|2

Van

|179.380

|67.792

|1

Zor

|65.770

|232

|45

Total

|13.390.000 (83,02%)

|1.173.422 (7,28%)

|1.564.939 (9,70%)

Total

|colspan="3"|16.128.361

=1866 [[Danube Vilayet]] census=

In 1865, 658600 (40,51%) Muslims and 967058 (59,49%) non-Muslims, including females, were living in the province excluding Niş sanjak and 569.868 (34,68%) Muslims, apart from the immigrants and 1.073.496 (65,32%) non-Muslims in 1859–1860.{{cite web|url=http://mobil.turkishstudies.net/mdetay.aspx?ID=7023&Detay=Ozet|title=Makale Takip Sistemi Mobile|access-date=2017-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806025155/http://mobil.turkishstudies.net/mdetay.aspx?ID=7023&Detay=Ozet|archive-date=2018-08-06|url-status=dead}} Half the Muslims were refugees from a population exchange of Christians and Muslims with Russia. Before the establishment of the Danube Vilayet, some 250000-300000 Muslim immigrants from Crimea and Caucasus had been settled in this region from 1855 to 1864. Another 200–300,000 male and female Circassian and Crimean Tatar refugees settled in 1862-1878 were to a degree excluded from the 1866 census count.

Male population of the taxable population of the, Danube Vilayet:

class="wikitable"
colspan=2|1866 census
sancak

!Muslim

!Non-Muslim

Rusçuk

!138692

!95834

Varna

!58689

!20769

Vidin

!25338

!124567

Sofya

!24410

!147095

Tirnova

!71645

!104273

Tulça

!39133

!17929

Niş

!54510

!100425

Total

!412417

!610892

Percentage of communities in towns from the male population in 1866 according to Ottoman tezkere:{{cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/9111939|title=Ethnic maps as political advertisements and instruments of symbolic nation-building and their role in influencing decision-making from Berlin (1877-1881), to Bucharest (1913).|first=Gabor|last=Demeter}}

class="wikitable"
Town

! Bulgarians

! Muslims

! Roma

!Armenians

!Jews

Vidin

|34

|52

|6

|

|8

Sofya

|38

|39

|4

|

|20

Lom

|58

|35

|3

|

|5

Dupnice

|38

|46

|5

|

|11

Plevne

|47

|45

|5

|

|2

Rusçuk

|38

|52

|2

|4

|5

Şumnu

| 40

|51

|1

|5

|2

Varna

|49

|40

|1

|8

|2

Silistre

|30

|62

|2

|4

|1

In 1873, 17,96% of the population of the province were living in the urban areas.

=1874 [[Danube Vilayet]] census=

According to the 1874 census, there were 963596 (42,22%) Muslims and 1318506 (57,78%) non-Muslims in the Danube Province excluding Nış sanjak. Together with the sanjak of Nish the population consisted of 1055650 (40,68%) Muslims and 1539278 (59,32%) non-Muslims in 1874. Muslims were the majority in the sanjaks of Rusçuk, Varna and Tulça, while the non-Muslims were in majority in the rest of the sanjaks.{{cite web |last1=KOYUNCU |first1=Aşkın |title=Population And Demographics In The Danube Province (1864-1877) |url=http://www.turkishstudies.net/English/DergiTamDetay.aspx?ID=7023&Detay=Ozet |website=www.turkishstudies.net |access-date=2018-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144518/http://www.turkishstudies.net/English/DergiTamDetay.aspx?ID=7023&Detay=Ozet |archive-date=2018-06-12 |url-status=dead }}

=[[Eastern Rumelia]] census=

Census in Eastern Rumelia of 1878:Bŭlgarii︠a︡ 1300-institut︠s︡ii i dŭrzhavna tradit︠s︡ii︠a︡: dokladi na tretii︠a︡ Kongres na Bŭlgarskoto istorichesko druzhestvo, 3-5 oktomvri 1981, p. 326

class="wikitable sortable"

! Community (1878 census) !! Population !! Percentage

Bulgarians57123170.3%
Muslims17475921.4%
Greeks425165.2%
Roma (Gypsies)19524
Jews4177
Armenians1306

Census of Eastern Rumelia in 1880:{{cite web|url=http://miris.eurac.edu/mugs2/do/blob.html?type=html&serial=1039432230349|title=Eтнически състав на населението в България. Методологически постановки при установяване на етническия състав|publisher=MIRIS - Minority Rights Information System|language=bg|access-date=2 January 2010|archive-date=15 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715123204/http://miris.eurac.edu/mugs2/do/blob.html?type=html&serial=1039432230349|url-status=dead}}

class="wikitable sortable"

! Ethnicity (1880 census) !! Population !! Percentage

Bulgarians59000072.3%
Turks15800019.4%
Roma (Gypsies)195002.4%
others480005.9%

The ethnic composition of the population of Eastern Rumelia, according to the provincial census taken in 1884, was the following:{{cite web| url = https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=429995&Site=COE | title = 6.1 European population committee (CDPO) | publisher = Council of Europe | page = II. The Demographic Situation of Ethnic/minority Groups 1. Population Size and Growth}}

class="wikitable sortable"

! Ethnicity (1884 census) !! Population !! Percentage

Bulgarians681,73470.0%
Turks200,48920.6%
Greeks53,0285.4%
Roma (Gypsies)27,1902.8%
Jews6,9820.7%
Armenians1,8650.2%

Population of Eastern Rumelia according to the 1880 census:{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/bulgarienundost00gopgoog/bulgarienundost00gopgoog_djvu.txt|title=Full text of "Bulgarien und Ostrumelien: Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Zeitraumes von 1878-1886, nebst ..."|year=1886|publisher=B. Elischer}}

class="wikitable sortable"
kaza

! Bulgarians

! Turks

! Greeks

! Roma

! Jews

! Armenians

Plovdiv

| 127.619

| 36.848

| 14.265

| 4736

| 1185

| 806

Haskovo

| 74.656

| 55.334

| 1138

| 2116

| 246

|

Stara Zagora

| 124.666

| 27.115

| 35

| 2811

| 431

|

Sliven

| 96.425

| 12.463

| 14.184

|3685

| 845

| 276

Pazardzhik

| 94.873

| 14.898

| 676

|3487

| 1112

| 152

Burgas

| 36.997

| 28.091

| 11.798

|2686

| 358

| 71

=1903–1904 census of [[Salonika Vilayet]]=

Population of the Salonika vilayet:

class="wikitable sortable"
sanjak

! Muslims

! Greeks

! Bulgarians

! Vlachs{{efn|name=vlachs|The term "Vlachs" may refer to either the Aromanians, the Megleno-Romanians, the Romanians, two of the three or all of them at the same time. It is a term originally used by foreign peoples for the Eastern Romance peoples (which also include the Istro-Romanians, who never lived under the Ottoman Empire), although the Megleno-Romanians have come to internalize it as a self-designation.}}

! Jews

Saloniki

| 220.000

| 190.000

| 85.000

| 15.000

| 48.000

Serres

| 145.000

| 78.000

| 130.000

| 4000

| 2000

Drama

| 119.000

| 22.000

| 4000

|

| 1000

Ethnoreligious estimates and registered population

=Eyalets=

The Muslim population in Silistra subprovince was most numerous (55.17%), while in the Vidin and Nis subprovinces the non-Muslim population constituted 75.59% and 81.18% respectively. Population of the eyalets (Silistra, Vidin and Niş) which constituted the establishment of the Danube Vilayet, according to the 1858 report of the British consul Edward Neale:{{cite book |url=http://www.turkishstudies.net/Makaleler/880266314_38KoyuncuAşkın-trh-675-737.pdf |pages=681–682 |title=Tuna Vi̇lâyeti̇'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi̇ (1864-1877) |trans-title=Population and Demographics in the Danube Province (1864–1877)}}

class="wikitable sortable"
Community

! Population

Bulgarian Orthodox

| {{number and percent|910735|1390855}}

Muslim

| {{number and percent| 430485|1390855}}

Vlach{{efn|name=vlachs}}

| {{number and percent| 25000|1390855}}

Greek

|{{number and percent| 10100|1390855}}

Jewish

| {{number and percent| 5000|1390855}}

Others

| {{number and percent| 9535|1390855}}

TOTAL

|{{number and percent|1390855 |1390855}}

=[[Danube Vilayet]]=

The Danube Province was founded in 1864 and consisted of the subprovinces of Ruse, Varna, Tulcea, Tarnovo, Vidin, Sofia and Niş. Two subprovinces (Sofia and Niş) were separated from the Danube Province, so that Niş sanjak was part of Prizren Vilayet in 1869–1874, while the detached Sofia Province was founded in 1876, and finally both Sofia and Niş were annexed to Adrianople and Kosovo Vilayets respectively in 1877.

The entire population of the province, reached ca. 2,6 Millions, including 1 Million (40%) Muslims and 1.5 Million (60%) non-Muslims before the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, with the main national components consisting of Bulgarians and Turks. New large communities of Circassians and Tatars were resettled in the province among the 250,000-300,000 Muslim refugees from Crimea and the Caucasus from 1855 to 1864; however, after the war of 1877–78, both the Muslim and Turkish population dropped by almost half, leaving only 63 Circassians recorded in Bulgaria by 1880.Kalionski, Alexei. Communities, Identities and Migrations in Southeast Europe Collected Articles. Anamnesis. {{ISBN|978-619-90188-4-2}}, p. 48

The male population of the Danube Vilayet (excluding Niş sancak) in 1865, according to Kuyûd-ı Atîk (the Danube Vilayet printing press):{{cite book |page=695 |url=http://www.turkishstudies.net/Makaleler/880266314_38KoyuncuAşkın-trh-675-737.pdf |title=Tuna Vi̇lâyeti̇'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi̇ (1864-1877) |trans-title=Population and Demographics in the Danube Province (1864-1877)}}

class="wikitable sortable"
Community

! Rusçuk Sanjak

! Vidin Sanjak

! Varna Sanjak

! Tırnova Sanjak

! Tulça Sanjak

! Sofya Sanjak

! Danube Vilayet

Bulgar Millet

|{{number and percent|85268 | 225769}}

|{{number and percent|93613 | 116899}}

|{{number and percent|9553 | 51975}}

|{{number and percent|113213 | 192335}}

|{{number and percent|12961 | 59487}}

|{{number and percent|142410 | 166364}}

|{{number and percent|457018 | 812829}}

Islam Millet

|{{number and percent|138017 | 225769}}

|{{number and percent|14835 | 116899}}

|{{number and percent|38230 | 51975}}

|{{number and percent|77539 | 192335}}

|{{number and percent|38479 | 59487}}

|{{number and percent|20612 | 166364}}

|{{number and percent|327712 | 812829}}

Ullah millet

|{{number and percent|0 | 225769}}

|{{number and percent| 7446| 116899}}

|{{number and percent|0 | 51975}}

|{{number and percent|0 | 192335}}

|{{number and percent|0 | 59487}}

|{{number and percent|0 | 166364}}

|{{number and percent|7446 | 812829}}

Ermeni Millet

|{{number and percent|926 | 225769}}

|{{number and percent|0 | 116899}}

|{{number and percent|368 | 51975}}

|{{number and percent|0 | 192335}}

|{{number and percent|5720 | 59487}}

|{{number and percent|0 | 166364}}

|{{number and percent|7014 | 812829}}

Rum Millet

|{{number and percent|0 | 225769}}

|{{number and percent|0 | 116899}}

|{{number and percent|2639 | 51975}}

|{{number and percent|0 | 192335}}

|{{number and percent|2215 | 59487}}

|{{number and percent|0 | 166364}}

|{{number and percent|4908 | 812829}}

Yahudi Millet

|{{number and percent|1101 | 225769}}

|{{number and percent|630 | 116899}}

|{{number and percent|14 | 51975}}

|{{number and percent|0 | 192335}}

|{{number and percent|1 | 59487}}

|{{number and percent|1790 | 166364}}

|{{number and percent|3536 | 812829}}

Muslim Roma

|{{number and percent|312 | 225769}}

|{{number and percent|245 | 116899}}

|{{number and percent|118 | 51975}}

|{{number and percent|128 | 192335}}

|{{number and percent|19 | 59487}}

|{{number and percent|766 | 166364}}

|{{number and percent|1588 | 812829}}

Non-Muslim Roma

|{{number and percent|145 | 225769}}

|{{number and percent|130 | 116899}}

|{{number and percent|999 | 51975}}

|{{number and percent|1455 | 192335}}

|{{number and percent|92 | 59487}}

|{{number and percent|786 | 166364}}

|{{number and percent|3607 | 812829}}

TOTAL

|{{number and percent| 225769| 225769}}

|{{number and percent| 116899| 116899}}

|{{number and percent| 51975| 51975}}

|{{number and percent| 192335| 192335}}

|{{number and percent| 59487| 59487}}

|{{number and percent| 166364| 166364}}

|{{number and percent| 812829| 812829}}

The male population of the Danube Vilayet (excluding Niş sanjak) in 1866–1873, according to the editor of the Danube newspaper Ismail Kemal:

class="wikitable sortable"
Community

! Population

MUSLIMS

| {{number and percent|481798 |1141051}}

- Established Muslims

| {{number and percent|392369 |1141051}}

- Muslim settlers

| {{number and percent|64398 |1141051}}

- Muslim Roma

| {{number and percent|25031 |1141051}}

CHRISTIANS

| {{number and percent|646215 |1141051}}

- Bulgarians

| {{number and percent|592573 |1141051}}

- Greeks

| {{number and percent|7655 |1141051}}

- Armenians

| {{number and percent|2128 |1141051}}

- Catholics

| {{number and percent|3556 |1141051}}

- other Christians

| {{number and percent|40303 |1141051}}

JEWS

| {{number and percent|5375 |1141051}}

NON-MUSLIM Roma

|{{number and percent|7663 |1141051}}

TOTAL Danube Vilayet

| {{number and percent|1141051|1141051}}

The male population of the Danube Vilayet (excluding Niş sanjak) in 1868, according to Kemal Karpat:

class="wikitable sortable"
Group

! Population

Christian Bulgarians

| 490,467

Muslims

| 359,907

The male population of the Danube Vilayet (excluding Niş sanjak) in 1875, according to Tahrir-i Cedid (the Danube Vilayet printing press):{{cite book |page=717 |url=http://www.turkishstudies.net/Makaleler/880266314_38KoyuncuAşkın-trh-675-737.pdf |title=Tuna Vi̇lâyeti̇'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi̇ (1864-1877) |trans-title=Population and Demographics in the Danube Province (1864-1877)}}

class="wikitable sortable"
Community

! Rusçuk Sanjak

! Vidin Sanjak

! Varna Sanjak

! Tırnova Sanjak

! Tulça Sanjak

! Sofya Sanjak

! Danube Vilayet

Bulgar Millet

|{{number and percent| 114792| 309797}}

|{{number and percent| 131279| 178823}}

|{{number and percent| 21261| 85805}}

|{{number and percent| 148713 |245894}}

|{{number and percent| 10553 |87455}}

|{{number and percent| 179202 |213180}}

|{{number and percent| 605800 |1120954}}

Islam Millet

|{{number and percent| 164455| 309797}}

|{{number and percent| 20492| 178823}}

|{{number and percent| 52742| 85805}}

|{{number and percent| 88445|245894}}

|{{number and percent| 53059|87455}}

|{{number and percent| 27001|213180}}

|{{number and percent| 406194|1120954}}

Ermeni Millet

|{{number and percent| 991| 309797}}

|{{number and percent| 0| 178823}}

|{{number and percent| 808| 85805}}

|{{number and percent| 0|245894}}

|{{number and percent|3885|87455}}

|{{number and percent| 0|213180}}

|{{number and percent|5684|1120954}}

Rum Millet

|{{number and percent| 0| 309797}}

|{{number and percent| 0| 178823}}

|{{number and percent| 3421| 85805}}

|{{number and percent| 494|245894}}

|{{number and percent| 217|87455}}

|{{number and percent| 0|213180}}

|{{number and percent| 4132|1120954}}

Yahudi Millet

|{{number and percent| 1102| 309797}}

|{{number and percent| 1009| 178823}}

|{{number and percent| 110| 85805}}

|{{number and percent| 0|245894}}

|{{number and percent| 780|87455}}

|{{number and percent| 2374|213180}}

|{{number and percent| 5375|1120954}}

Circassian Muhacirs

|{{number and percent| 16588| 309797}}

|{{number and percent| 6522| 178823}}

|{{number and percent| 4307| 85805}}

|{{number and percent| 0|245894}}

|{{number and percent| 2954|87455}}

|{{number and percent| 202|213180}}

|{{number and percent| 30573|1120954}}

Muslim Roma

|{{number and percent| 9579| 309797}}

|{{number and percent| 2783| 178823}}

|{{number and percent| 2825| 85805}}

|{{number and percent| 6545|245894}}

|{{number and percent| 139|87455}}

|{{number and percent| 2964|213180}}

|{{number and percent| 24835|1120954}}

Non-Muslim Roma

|{{number and percent| 1790| 309797}}

|{{number and percent| 2048| 178823}}

|{{number and percent| 331| 85805}}

|{{number and percent| 1697|245894}}

|{{number and percent| 356|87455}}

|{{number and percent| 1437|213180}}

|{{number and percent| 7659|1120954}}

Vlachs,{{efn|name=vlachs}} Catholics, etc.

|{{number and percent| 500| 309797}}

|{{number and percent| 14690| 178823}}

|{{number and percent| 0| 85805}}

|{{number and percent| 0|245894}}

|{{number and percent| 15512|87455}}

|{{number and percent| 0|213180}}

|{{number and percent| 30702|1120954}}

TOTAL

|{{number and percent| 309797| 309797}}

|{{number and percent| 178823| 178823}}

|{{number and percent| 85805| 85805}}

|{{number and percent| 245894|245894}}

|{{number and percent| 87455|87455}}

|{{number and percent| 213180|213180}}

|{{number and percent| 1120954|1120954}}

The male population of the Danube Vilayet in 1876, according to the Ottoman officer Stanislas Saint Clair:

class="wikitable sortable"
Community

! Population

Turk Muslims

| {{number and percent|457018|1274282}}

Other Muslims

| {{number and percent|104639|1274282}}

Bulgarian Christians

| {{number and percent|639813 |1274282}}

Armenian Christians

| {{number and percent|2128 |1274282}}

Vlach{{efn|name=vlachs}} and Greek Christians

| {{number and percent|56647 |1274282}}

Roma

| {{number and percent|8220 |1274282}}

Jews

| {{number and percent|5847 |1274282}}

TOTAL Danube Vilayet

|{{number and percent|1274282 |1274282}}

The total population of the Danube Vilayet (including Niş and Sofia sanjaks), according to the 1876 edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica:{{cite book |last1=Kellogg |first1=Day Otis |title=Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature |date=1876 |publisher=J.M. Stoddart |page=462 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y98qPa8-2VkC&pg=PA462 }}

class="wikitable sortable"
Group

! Population

Bulgarians

| {{number and percent|1500000|2369000}}

Turks

| {{number and percent|500000|2369000}}

Tatars

| {{number and percent|100000|2369000}}

Circassians

| {{number and percent|90000|2369000}}

Albanians

| {{number and percent|70000|2369000}}

Romanians

| {{number and percent|40000|2369000}}

Roma

| {{number and percent|25000|2369000}}

Russians

| {{number and percent|10000|2369000}}

Armenians

| {{number and percent|10000|2369000}}

Jews

| {{number and percent|10000|2369000}}

Greeks

| {{number and percent|8000|2369000}}

Serbs

| {{number and percent|5000|2369000}}

Germans, Italians, Arabs and others

| {{number and percent|1000|2369000}}

TOTAL Danube Vilayet

| {{number and percent|2369000|2369000}}

File:Okruzi 1882.png

The total Population of the Danube Vilayet (excluding Niş sanjak) in 1876, estimated by the French consul Aubaret from the register:{{cite book|last1=Suleiman|first1=Yasir|title=Language and Identity in the Middle East and North Africa|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136787843|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugVeAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA102|page=102|date=2013-12-16}}{{cite book|last1=ENGİN DENİZ TANIR|title=THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY OTTOMAN BULGARIA FROM THE VIEWPOINTS OF THE FRENCH TRAVELERS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/188315570/THE-MID-NINETEENTH-CENTURY-OTTOMAN-BULGARIA-FROM-THE-VIEWPOINTS-OF-THE-FRENCH-TRAVELERS-pdf|pages=52–55|access-date=2017-01-30|archive-date=2017-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202055057/https://www.scribd.com/document/188315570/THE-MID-NINETEENTH-CENTURY-OTTOMAN-BULGARIA-FROM-THE-VIEWPOINTS-OF-THE-FRENCH-TRAVELERS-pdf|url-status=dead}}

class="wikitable sortable"
Community

! Population

MUSLIMS

| {{number and percent|1120000 |2353000}}

incl. Turks

| {{number and percent|774000 |2353000}}

incl. Circassians

| {{number and percent|200000 |2353000}}

incl. Tatars

| {{number and percent|110000 |2353000}}

incl. Roma

| {{number and percent|35000 |2353000}}

NON-MUSLIMS

| {{number and percent|1233500 |2353000}}

incl. Bulgarians

| {{number and percent|1130000 |2353000}}

incl. Roma

| {{number and percent|12000 |2353000}}

incl. Greeks

| {{number and percent|12000 |2353000}}

incl. Jews

| {{number and percent| 12000|2353000}}

incl. Armenians

| {{number and percent|2500 |2353000}}

incl. Vlachs{{efn|name=vlachs}} and others

| {{number and percent|65000 |2353000}}

TOTAL Danube Vilayet

| {{number and percent|2353000 |2353000}}

The total population of the two mainly Turkish sanjaks of the Danube Vilayet in 1876, according to the French consul Aubaret:{{cite book|last1=ENGİN DENİZ TANIR|title=THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY OTTOMAN BULGARIA FROM THE VIEWPOINTS OF THE FRENCH TRAVELERS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/188315570/THE-MID-NINETEENTH-CENTURY-OTTOMAN-BULGARIA-FROM-THE-VIEWPOINTS-OF-THE-FRENCH-TRAVELERS-pdf|access-date=2017-01-30|archive-date=2017-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202055057/https://www.scribd.com/document/188315570/THE-MID-NINETEENTH-CENTURY-OTTOMAN-BULGARIA-FROM-THE-VIEWPOINTS-OF-THE-FRENCH-TRAVELERS-pdf|url-status=dead}}

class="wikitable sortable"
Community

! Varna Sanjak

! Rusçuk Sanjak

Turks

|{{number and percent|92,800 |136000}}

|{{number and percent|388,000 |680000}}

Bulgarians

|{{number and percent|32,200 |136000}}

|{{number and percent|229,500 |680000}}

Circassians

|

| {{number and percent|33,000 |680000}}

Roma

|{{number and percent| 2900|136000}}

| {{number and percent| 23500|680000}}

Greeks

|{{number and percent|6842 |136000}}

|

Jews

|

| {{number and percent|2200 |680000}}

Armenians

|

|{{number and percent|2000 |680000}}

Vlachs{{efn|name=vlachs}}

|

|{{number and percent|1000 |680000}}

TOTAL

|{{number and percent|136000 |136000}}

|{{number and percent|680000 |680000}}

=[[Adrianople Vilayet]]=

Total population of the Adrianople Vilayet in 1878 according to the Turkish author Kemal Karpat:

class="wikitable"
Group

! POPULATION

Bulgarians

| {{percent and number|526691|1304352}}

Other Christians

| {{percent and number|283603|1304352}}

Muslims

|{{percent and number|503058|1304352}}

| -

| TOTAL Adrianople Vilayet

| {{percent and number|1304352|1304352}}

Male population of the Filibe Sancak of the Adrianople Vilayet in 1876 according to the British R. J. Moore:

More, R.J., Under the Balkans. Notes of a visit to the district of Philippopolis in 1876. London, 1877.

class="wikitable sortable"
! Turks

! Muslim Roma

! Christian Roma

! Bulgarians

! Greeks

! Armenians

! Jews

! KAZA TOTAL

Filibe kaza

| {{percent and number|35400 |126247}}

| {{percent and number| 5474|126247}}

| {{percent and number| 495|126247}}

| {{percent and number| 80107|126247}}

| {{percent and number| 3700|126247}}

| {{percent and number|380 |126247}}

| {{percent and number|691 |126247}}

| {{percent and number|126247 |126247}}

|

Tatar Pazardzhik kaza

| {{percent and number| 10805 |47637}}

| {{percent and number|2120 |47637}}

| {{percent and number|579 |47637}}

| {{percent and number|33395 |47637}}

| {{percent and number|300 |47637}}

|{{percent and number| 94 |47637}}

| {{percent and number| 344|47637}}

| {{percent and number| 47637|47637}}

|

Hasköy kaza

| {{percent and number|33323 |60587}}

| {{percent and number|1548 |60587}}

| {{percent and number|145 |60587}}

| {{percent and number|25503 |60587}}

| {{percent and number|0 |60587}}

| {{percent and number|3 |60587}}

| {{percent and number|65 |60587}}

| {{percent and number|60587 |60587}}

|

Zagora kaza

| {{percent and number|6677 |33333}}

| {{percent and number|989 |33333}}

| {{percent and number|70 |33333}}

|{{percent and number|24857 |33333}}

| {{percent and number|0 |33333}}

| {{percent and number|0 |33333}}

|{{percent and number| 740|33333}}

| {{percent and number|33333 |33333}}

Kazanlak kaza

| {{percent and number| 14365|30898}}

| {{percent and number|1384 |30898}}

|{{percent and number| 24 |30898}}

|{{percent and number| 14906 |30898}}

| {{percent and number| 0 |30898}}

| {{percent and number| 0 |30898}}

| {{percent and number|219 |30898}}

|{{percent and number| 30898|30898}}

Chirpan kaza

| {{percent and number|5157 |21624}}

|{{percent and number| 420 |21624}}

| {{percent and number|88 |21624}}

| {{percent and number|15959 |21624}}

| {{percent and number| 0 |21624}}

| {{percent and number| 0 |21624}}

|{{percent and number| 0 |21624}}

| {{percent and number| 21624|21624}}

Sultan-Jeri kaza

| {{percent and number|13336 |13757}}

| {{percent and number|159 |13757}}

| {{percent and number| 0 |13757}}

| {{percent and number|262 |13757}}

| {{percent and number| 0 |13757}}

| {{percent and number| 0 |13757}}

|{{percent and number| 0 |13757}}

| {{percent and number| 13757|13757}}

Akcselebi kaza

| {{percent and number|8197 |13920}}

| {{percent and number|377 |13920}}

| {{percent and number| 0 |13920}}

| {{percent and number|5346 |13920}}

| {{percent and number| 0 |13920}}

| {{percent and number| 0 |13920}}

|{{percent and number| 0 |13920}}

| {{percent and number| 13920|13920}}

TOTAL Filibe Sanjak

| {{percent and number|127260 |348000}}

| {{percent and number|12471 |348000}}

| {{percent and number|1401 |348000}}

| {{percent and number|200335 |348000}}

| {{percent and number|4000 |348000}}

| {{percent and number|477 |348000}}

| {{percent and number|2059 |348000}}

| {{percent and number|348000|348000}}

Male population of İslimiye sanjak of Adrianople Vilayet in 1873 according to Ottoman almanacs:

{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/35126656 |chapter=The Rise of Sliven (İslimye) from a Balkan Village to a Province Center in the Ottoman Empire |title=Turkey and Bulgaria. A Contribution to Balkan Heritage |series=International Balkan Annual Conference IBAC Book Series 5 |editor=Özgür Kolçak |location=Istanbul |publisher=İstanbul Üniversitesi |date=2017 |pages=75–100 |last1=Hacisalihoglu |first1=Mehmet}}

class="wikitable sortable"
Community

! Population

Muslims

| 37,200 (47%)

Non-Muslims

| 46,961 (53%)

TOTAL Islimiye sanjak

| {{percent and number|84161|84161}}

Male population of İslimiye sanjak of Adrianople Vilayet in 1875 according to British R.J. Moore:

class="wikitable sortable"
Community

! Population

Muslims

|{{percent and number| 44747 |105601}}

Non-Muslims

| {{percent and number|60854 |105601}}

TOTAL Islimiye sanjak

| {{percent and number|105601|105601}}

Total population of the Sanjak of Gümülcine of the Adrianople Vilayet In the 19th century:

class="wikitable sortable"
Sanjak

! Muslims{{Cite web |url=http://www.marmaracografya.com/pdf/6-1-ramazanozey-19.asirdaedirnevilayeticografyasi.pdf |title=The Geography Of Edirne Province In 19th Century |access-date=2017-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305034952/http://www.marmaracografya.com/pdf/6-1-ramazanozey-19.asirdaedirnevilayeticografyasi.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-05 |url-status=dead }}

! Christian Bulgarians

! Christian Greeks

Gümülcine

| 206.914

| 20.671

| 15.241

=[[Eastern Rumelia]]=

Total population of the later Eastern Rumelia before and after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 (Drummons-Wolff to Salisbury, 26.09.1878) after forced migration:

class="wikitable sortable"
Population

! 1875

! 1878

! 1879

Muslim Turks

| {{percent and number|220000 |760000}}

| {{percent and number|90000 |580000}}

| +100.000

Muslim Pomaks

| {{percent and number|25000 |760000}}

| {{percent and number|25000 |580000}}

|

Muslim Tatars

| {{percent and number|10000 |760000}}

| {{percent and number|8000 |580000}}

|

Muslim Circassians

| {{percent and number|10000 |760000}}

| {{percent and number| 0|580000}}

|

Muslim Gyspies

|{{percent and number|25000 |760000}}

|{{percent and number|16000 |580000}}

|

Jews

|{{percent and number|9000 |760000}}

|{{percent and number|8000 |580000}}

|

Bulgarian Catholics

|{{percent and number|9000 |760000}}

|{{percent and number|9000 |580000}}

|

Bulgarian Exarchists

|{{percent and number|400000 |760000}}

|{{percent and number|380000 |580000}}

|

Grecophile Bulgrians

|{{percent and number|35000 |760000}}

|{{percent and number|30000 |580000}}

|

Greeks

|{{percent and number|35000 |760000}}

|{{percent and number|30000 |580000}}

|

Greek Vlachs{{efn|name=vlachs}}

|{{percent and number|2000 |760000}}

|{{percent and number|2000 |580000}}

|

Greek Albanians

|{{percent and number|2000 |760000}}

|{{percent and number|2000 |580000}}

|

Armenians

|{{percent and number|2000 |760000}}

|{{percent and number|2000 |580000}}

|

TOTAL

|{{percent and number|760000 |760000}}

|{{percent and number|580000 |580000}}

|

=[[Constantinople Vilayet]]=

Population of Istanbul in 1885 according to Stanford Shaw (Male:female):

class="wikitable sortable"
Group

! Born in

! Born outside

Muslim

| 143.586(M:F 1:2)

| 241.324(M:F 2:1)

Greeks

| 68.764

| 83.977

Armenian Orthodox

| 78.679

| 70.991

Bulgarian

| 46

| 4331

Catholic

|3722

|2720

Jewish

|42.363

|1998

Protestant

|225

|594

Latin

|609

|473

=[[Salonika Vilayet]]=

Male population of some sanjaks in 1880 according to Earl Granville:

class="wikitable sortable"
Sanjak

! Muslims

! Greeks

! Patriarchist Bulgarians

! Exarchist Bulgarians

! Vlachs{{efn|name=vlachs}}

! Jews

Siroz

| 54.436

| 31.820

| 28.053

| 15.335

| 2859

| 988

Salonika

| 25.669

| 61.434

| 13.099-15.000

| 15.975

| 4462

| 25.473

Male population of some sanjaks in 1878 according to Bulgarian Kusev and Gruev:

class="wikitable sortable"
Sanjak

! Muslims

! Bulgarians

! Greeks

! Vlachs{{efn|name=vlachs}}

! Roma

! Pomaks

Siroz

| 19.344

| 70.895

| 117.226

| 1812

| 1170

| 13873

Salonika

| 9.441

| 96.000

| 113.279

|

| 1751

| 2862-8697

Total population of some sanjaks in 1881 according to Italian Hondros:

class="wikitable sortable"
Sanjak

! Turks

! Greeks

! Bulgarians

! Jews

! Vlachs{{efn|name=vlachs}}

Siroz

| 91.700

| 66.500

| 54.580

| 1520

| 4150

Total population of some sanjaks according to vice-consul Stanislas Recchioli in 1878:

class="wikitable sortable"
Sanjak

! Muslims

! incl. Turks

! Christians

Drama

| 270.998

| 249.165

| 413.549

=Total=

Total population according to Abdolonyme Ubicini who based the statistics on the Ottoman census of 1844:

class="wikitable sortable"
Community

! in Europe

! in Asia

! in Africa

Turks

| {{number and percent|2100000 |15500000}}

| {{number and percent|10700000 |16050000}}

|

Greeks

| {{number and percent|1000000 |15500000}}

| {{number and percent|1000000 |16050000}}

|

Armenians

| {{number and percent|400000 |15500000}}

| {{number and percent|2,000,000 |16050000}}

|

Jews

| {{number and percent|70000 |15500000}}

| {{number and percent|80000 |16050000}}

|

Slavs

| {{number and percent|6200000 |15500000}}

|

|

Romanians

| {{number and percent|4000000 |15500000}}

|

|

Albanians

| {{number and percent|1500000|15500000}}

|

|

Tatars

| {{number and percent|16000 |15500000}}

| {{number and percent|20000 |16050000}}

|

Arabs

|

| {{number and percent|900000 |16050000}}

| {{number and percent|3800000|3800000}}

Assyrians

|

| {{number and percent|235000 |16050000}}

|

Druzes

|

| {{number and percent|30000 |16050000}}

|

Kurds

|

| {{number and percent|1000000|16050000}}

|

Turcomans

|

| {{number and percent|85000 |16050000}}

|

Roma

| {{number and percent|214000 |15500000}}

|

|

Muslims

| {{number and percent|4550000 |15500000}}

| {{number and percent|12650000 |16050000}}

| {{number and percent|3800000 |3800000}}

Christians

| {{number and percent|10640000 |15500000}}

| {{number and percent|3260000 |16050000}}

|

Jews

| {{number and percent|70000 |15500000}}

| {{number and percent|80000 |16050000}}

|

Total

| {{number and percent|15500000 |15500000}}

| {{number and percent|16050000 |16050000}}

| {{number and percent|3800000 |3800000}}

Total population according to The New Armenia{{'s}} 1912 estimation before the Balkan Wars:{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q64b1bltcWIC |title=Oriental World |publisher=New Armenia Publishing Company |year=1912 |pages=294–297}}

class="wikitable sortable"

|+Ethnoreligious estimates of total the population

Group

! Estimate

Turkic peoples

| {{number and percent|4000000|32000000}}

Christian Turks

|{{number and percent|300000|32000000}}

Kurds

| {{number and percent|2000000|32000000}}

Lazes

|{{number and percent|200000|32000000}}

Circassians

|{{number and percent|1000000|32000000}}

Chechens

|{{number and percent|200000|32000000}}

Abaza

|{{number and percent|100000|32000000}}

Karapapakhs

|{{number and percent|200000|32000000}}

Georgians

|{{number and percent|100000|32000000}}

Muslim Albanians

|{{number and percent|2500000|32000000}}

Christian Albanians

|{{number and percent|500000|32000000}}

Arabs

|{{number and percent|13000000|32000000}}

Roma

|{{number and percent|200000|32000000}}

Greeks

|{{number and percent|3000000|32000000}}

Armenians

|{{number and percent|2000000|32000000}}

Bulgarians

|{{number and percent|1000000|32000000}}

Vlachs/Romanians

|{{number and percent|200000|32000000}}

Serbs

|{{number and percent|200000|32000000}}

other European

|{{number and percent|100000|32000000}}

Jews

|{{number and percent|400000|32000000}}

Qizilbash

|{{number and percent|1000000|32000000}}

Fellah, Tahtadji, etc.

|{{number and percent|100000|32000000}}

Yazidis

|{{number and percent|100000|32000000}}

Total

| {{number and percent|32000000|32000000}}

class="wikitable sortable"

|+Arab estimates

!Group

!Estimate

Hidjazi Arabs and Yemenis

| {{number and percent|5000000|32000000}}

Mesopotamian Arabs

| {{number and percent|3000000|32000000}}

Tripolitanian Arabs

|{{number and percent|1500000|32000000}}

Druze

|{{number and percent|100000|32000000}}

Syrian

|{{number and percent|2000000|32000000}}

Christian Syrians

|{{number and percent|1000000|32000000}}

Total Arab population

|{{number and percent|13000000|13000000}}

File:Karta na Teplov 1876.jpgs concerning the Constantinople Conference.]]

== European part ==

Estimates in some eighteen sources show that the Muslims constituted about 35% of the total Balkan population during the first half of the 19th century, while in the second half of the century the proportion grew to 43%. According to thirty-three sources, the proportion of Turks in the European provinces during the 19th century ranges from 11 to 24 percent; of Greeks from 9 to 16 percent; of Bulgarians from 24 to 39 percent. The Turks made up two thirds of the Muslims in the Danube Vilayet and most of them in the Adrianople Vilayet and Salonika Vilayet. In the more western vilayets, the Muslims were a majority, which consisted usually of Slavs and Albanians. In the Ioannina Vilayet, the Orthodox Christians were dominant, a majority of whom were ethnically Albanian according to Ottoman officials and were also three fourths of the Muslims.Gawrych, George. The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman Rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913, p.24 In 1867, Salaheddin Bey estimated 595,000 Circassian newcomers and 400,000 Armenians in the European part. Practically all of the Circassians began migrating to Anatolia after the Russian military advances in the last quarter of the century.

Total population of the European part in 1831 according to David Urquhart:David Urquhart, Turkey and Its Resources, Its Municipal Organization and Free Trade (London, 1833), pp. 272-73,

class="wikitable sortable"
Community

! Population

Muslim Turks

| {{number and percent| 700,000| 10676000}}

Muslim Albanians

| {{number and percent| 1,066,000| 10676000}}

Muslim Bosniaks, Tuleman, Pomaks

| {{number and percent| 2,000,000| 10676000}}

Christian Greeks(excl. Greece)

| {{number and percent| 1180000| 10676000}}

Christian Slavs

| {{number and percent|4,000,000 | 10676000}}

Christian Albanians

| {{number and percent| 530000| 10676000}}

Christian Vlachs{{efn|name=vlachs}}

| {{number and percent|600,000 | 10676000}}

Jews, Armenians, etc.

| {{number and percent| 600,000| 10676000}}

TOTAL

| {{number and percent| 10676000| 10676000}}

File:Durham 2534.jpg at the feast of Saint Nicholas at Bzheta in Shkreli territory, 1908]]

Total population of the European part in the 1840s according to Auguste Viquesnel:{{cite book|last1=ENGİN DENİZ TANIR|title=THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY OTTOMAN BULGARIA FROM THE VIEWPOINTS OF THE FRENCH TRAVELERS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/188315570/THE-MID-NINETEENTH-CENTURY-OTTOMAN-BULGARIA-FROM-THE-VIEWPOINTS-OF-THE-FRENCH-TRAVELERS-pdf|page=49|access-date=2017-01-30|archive-date=2017-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202055057/https://www.scribd.com/document/188315570/THE-MID-NINETEENTH-CENTURY-OTTOMAN-BULGARIA-FROM-THE-VIEWPOINTS-OF-THE-FRENCH-TRAVELERS-pdf|url-status=dead}}

class="wikitable sortable"
Ethnic group

! Total

! Muslims

! Christians

! Jews

Moldo-Wallachians

| {{number and percent| 4112105|15184105}}

|

| 3,976,825

| 135,280

Bulgarians

| {{number and percent|3000000 |15184105}}

| 60,000

| 2,940,000

|

Ottomans, Yörüks, Tatars

| {{number and percent|2100000 |15184105}}

| 2,100,000

|

|

Albanians

| {{number and percent|1400000 |15184105}}

| 1,250,000

| 150,000

|

Bosnians and Herzegovians

| {{number and percent| 1300000|15184105}}

| 600,000

| 700,000

|

Serbs

| {{number and percent|1004000 |15184105}}

| 15,000

| 987,600

| 1,400

Greeks

| {{number and percent| 975000|15184105}}

| 15,000

| 960,000

|

Armenians

| {{number and percent|400000 |15184105}}

|

| 400,000

|

Roma

| {{number and percent|214000 |15184105}}

| 140,000

|

|

Croats

| {{number and percent|200000 |15184105}}

|

| 200,000

|

Montenegrins

| {{number and percent| 100000|15184105}}

|

| 100,000

|

Jews

| {{number and percent| 70000|15184105}}

|

|

| 70,000

Cossacks

| {{number and percent| 9000|15184105}}

|

| 9,000

|

TOTAL

| {{number and percent| 15184105|15184105}}

| 4,180,000

| 10,723,425

| 206,680

Total population of European part in 1872 according to the military attaché in Constantinople Ritter zur Helle von Samo based on Ottoman province yearbooks:

class="wikitable sortable"
Vilayet

! Muslims

! Non-Muslims

Istanbul (Europe)

| {{number and percent|285,100|685,200}}

| {{number and percent|400,100|685,200}}

Adrianople

| {{number and percent|503,058|1,304,352}}

| {{number and percent|801,294|1,304,352}}

Scutari

| {{number and percent| 100,000|228,000}}

| {{number and percent| 128,000|228,000}}

Prizren

| {{number and percent| 728,286|1,199,154 }}

| {{number and percent| 470,868|1,199,154 }}

Danube

|{{number and percent| 817,200| 2,016,430}}

|{{number and percent| 1,199,230| 2,016,430}}

Janina

|{{number and percent| 249,699 | 710,501}}

| {{number and percent|460,802 | 710,501}}

Salonica

|{{number and percent| 429,410| 1,237,338}}

|{{number and percent|807,928 | 1,237,338}}

Bosnia

|{{number and percent|630,456 | 1,242,456}}

|{{number and percent|612,000 | 1,242,456}}

Crete

|{{number and percent|90,000 | 210,000}}

|{{number and percent|120,000 | 210,000}}

Istanbul (Asia)

|{{number and percent|455,500 | 796,000}}

|{{number and percent|340,500 | 796,000}}

Serbia

|{{number and percent| 4965| 1,319,389}}

|{{number and percent| 1,314,424| 1,319,389}}

United Principalities

| {{number and percent|3000 | 4,500,000}}

|{{number and percent|4,497,000 | 4,500,000}}

Montenegro

| {{number and percent| 0| 100,000}}

| {{number and percent|100,000 | 100,000}}

Total population of the European part in 1876 according to Ernst Georg Ravenstein who relied on several sources including Ottoman statistics:E. G. Ravenstein, "Distribution of the Population in the Part of Europe Overrun by Turks," The Geographical Magazine 3 (October 1876)

class="wikitable sortable"
Community

! Population

Muslim Turks and Tatars

| {{number and percent|1388000 | 8207000}}

Muslim Bulgarians

| {{number and percent| 790000| 8207000}}

Muslim Albanians

| {{number and percent| 723000| 8207000}}

Muslim Serbs

| {{number and percent| 442000| 8207000}}

Muslim Circassians

| {{number and percent| 144000| 8207000}}

Muslim Roma

| {{number and percent| 52000| 8207000}}

Muslim Greeks

| {{number and percent| 38000| 8207000}}

Muslim Arabs

| {{number and percent| 3000| 8207000}}

Muslim foreigners

| {{number and percent| 5000| 8207000}}

Non-Muslim Bulgarians

| {{number and percent| 2071000| 8207000}}

Non-Muslim Greeks

| {{number and percent| 1082000| 8207000}}

Non-Muslim Serbs

| {{number and percent| 672000| 8207000}}

Non-Muslim Albanians

| {{number and percent| 308000| 8207000}}

Non-Muslim Romanians

| {{number and percent| 200000| 8207000}}

Non-Muslim Armenians

| {{number and percent| 100000| 8207000}}

Jews

| {{number and percent| 72000| 8207000}}

Non-Muslim foreigenrs

| {{number and percent| 60000| 8207000}}

Non-Muslim Roma

| {{number and percent| 52000| 8207000}}

Non-Muslim Russians

| {{number and percent| 10000| 8207000}}

TOTAL

| {{number and percent| 8207000| 8207000}}

Total population of some sanjaks in 1877 according to Russian diplomat Teplov:[https://www.academia.edu/6979461/1877-1878_Osmanlı-Rus_Harbi_Öncesinde_Şarkî_Rumeli_Nüfusu_The_Population_of_the_Eastern_Rumelia_Prior_to_the_Russo-Ottoman_War_of_1877-1878 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Harbi Öncesinde Şarkî Rumeli Nüfusu]

class="wikitable sortable"
Sanjak

!Bulgarians

!Non-Bulgarians

!Muslims

!Non-Muslims

Vidin

|263.000

|131.600

|39.723

|333.317

Tırnova

|188.500

|112.000

|68.199

|328.390

Niş

| 283.000

|148.100

| 72.188

| 36.0559

Sofia

| 297.500

|189.000

|57.789

| 428.949

Rusçuk

| 201.025

| 354.324

| 268824

| 290626

Varna

| 36.000

|74.100

|64.621

| 45.875

Tulça

| 40.570

|188.930

|103.328

| 116.203

Total (Danube)

|1.310.695

|1.198.054

|674.672

|1.903.919

Islimiye

| 100.500

| 186.400

| 64.459

| 213.066

Philippopolis

| 382.500

| 564.600

| 318.052

| 628.770

Total

|1.793.695

|1.949.054

|1.057.183

|2.745.755

Population of the sanjaks according to a Greek author:

class="wikitable sortable"
Sanjak

! Greeks

! Bulgarians

! Muslims

! Others

Tekirdağ

| 117.600

|

| 19.000

| 32.000

Gelibolu

| 98.900

|

| 35.000

| 10.000

Adrianople

| 171.000

| 78.320

| 125.000

| 35.000

Islimiye

| 37.100

| 54.200

| 54.300

| 30.000

Filibe

| 32.000

| 180.000

| 120.000

| 38.000

Drama

| 42.000

| 1000

| 35.000

| 30.000

Salonika

| 210.500

| 59.500

| 140.000

| 70.000

Siroz

| 175.000

| 20.000

| 84.000

| 15.000

Bitola

| 278.000

| 60.000

| 90.000

| 20.000

Male Population of the parts of the Danube, Adrianople and Salonika vilayets corresponding to the modern Republic of Bulgaria in 1875 according to Totev:

class="wikitable sortable"
Place

! Muslims

! Non-Muslims

Total

| 687.998

| 1.053.387

Danube Vilayet

| 451.680

| 712.842

Special Reports

= Arnold J. Toynbee =

During the World War I; The treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire was a book by Viscount Bryce and Arnold J. Toynbee which compiled statements from eyewitnesses from other countries including Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland, who similarly attested to Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during 1915–1916. The publication presents Arnold J. Toynbee's analysis on Armenian population in the Ottoman Empire. A summary table of his analysis included in the page 199. In the "vilayet of Van", there were two portions, portions in modern use corresponds to county. As explained by Arnold J. Toynbee in the footprint at page 199, he developed his analysis by excluding certain portions of the province where he said "Armenians were a minor". Arnold Toynbee in finding the ratio of Armenians in vilayet of Van; he removed the values originating from portions of Van (listed in the foot print) where Armenians were in minority. The presented table in page 1999 shows the re-calculated values by Arnold J. Toynbee of these selected provinces using values of the parts (counties, sanjaks) which Armenians were not in minority. The presented map shows the re-calculated values of the stated provinces using values where Armenians are not in minority.

File:Arnold J. Toynbee Armenian statistics 1912.png|Ethnic values of the Six vilayets according to presented data.

See also

Articles discussing the demographics of the Ottoman Empire:

Notes

{{Notelist}}

References

{{Reflist}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite book |author=Shaw, Stanford Jay |author2=Shaw, Ezel Kural |author-link=Stanford J. Shaw |year=1977 |title=History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey |publisher=Cambridge University Press |ref=CITEREFShaw1977}}
  • * {{cite journal |last1=Shaw |first1=Standford J. |title=The Ottoman Census System and Population, 1831–1914 |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |date=August 1978 |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=325–338 |doi=10.1017/S0020743800033602}}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Karpat |first1=Kemal H. |title=Ottoman Population Records and the Census of 1881/82–1893 |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |date=May 1978 |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=237–274 |doi=10.1017/S0020743800000088}}
  • L. Kinross, The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire, 1979
  • M. Kabadayı, Inventory for the Ottoman Empire / Turkish Republic 1500–2000 [http://www.iisg.nl/research/labourcollab/turkey.pdf]
  • {{cite journal|author=Mutlu, Servet|url=http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/nbd_cilt25/mutlu.pdf|title=LATE OTTOMAN POPULATION AND ITS ETHNIC DISTRIBUTION|journal=Turkish Journal of Population Studies|year=2003|volume=25|pages=3–38}}

{{Ottoman Empire topics}}