Donough MacCarty, 1st Earl of Clancarty

Donough MacCarty was born in 1594{{R|Cokayne1913p214.21}} in County Cork, most likely at Blarney Castle{{R|Ohlmeyer2004p107lc26}} or Macroom Castle, residences of his parents.{{R|Hamlyn}} He was the second{{R|Burke1866p344rc25}} but eldest surviving son of Charles (alias Cormac Oge{{R|Laine74}}) MacCarthy and his first wife Margaret O'Brien.{{R|Lodge1789a36}} His father was at that time known as Sir Charles MacCarthy{{R|McCarthy1913p70.7}} while his paternal grandfather, Cormac MacDermot MacCarthy, held the title as 16th Lord of Muskerry{{Efn|His grandfather is also counted as the 17th Lord of Muskerry.{{R|Laine72-79}}}}{{R|O'Hart123}} and owned the ancestral land covering large parts of central County Cork.{{R|Ohlmeyer2004p107lc24|OSiochru2009b1.2|Quinn}} His father's family were the MacCarthys of Muskerry,{{R|Gibson}} a Gaelic Irish dynasty that had branched from the MacCarthy-Mor line in the 14th century{{R|O'Hart122lc1}}{{R|O'Hart112}}{{R|O'Hart122t}} when a younger son received Muskerry as appanage.{{R|Laine72.20}}

Donough's mother was the eldest daughter of Donogh O'Brien, 4th Earl of Thomond.{{R|Burke1866p406lcb}} Donough was named for this grandfather (there were no Donoughs in the line of the MacCarthy of Muskerry).{{R|O'Hart1892p122-124}} The name is an anglicised, shortened form of the Gaelic first name Donnchadh.{{R|Hanks}} Her family, the O'Briens, were another Gaelic Irish dynasty that descended from Brian Boru, medieval high king of Ireland.{{R|Cokayne1896p391}}

His parents had married about 1590.{{R|Cokayne1893p425.29}} He was one of seven siblings (two brothers{{Efn|His elder brother Cormac, probably intellectually disabled,{{R|Cokayne1893p425fn}} died young{{Sfn|Burke|1866|p=[https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog/page/n360/ 344, right column, line 25]|ps=. "I. Cormac, d. [died] young."}} predeceasing his father.{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, left column, line 24]|ps=. "With the death of his elder brother Cormac, Donough became heir to vast estates in Munster."}}}} and five sisters{{Sfn|Burke|1866|p=[https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog/page/n360/ 344, right column, line 26a]|ps=Mary, Eleanor, and Eleanor {{Sic}}}}{{Sfn|Lainé|1836|p=[https://archive.org/details/archivesgenealog05lain/page/n230/ 75, line 5]|ps=Mary, Ellen, and Eleanor}}{{Sfn|Lodge|1789d|p=[https://archive.org/details/peerageofireland07lodg/page/55/ 55, line 29]|ps=. "He [Valentine Browne, 2nd Baronet] married Mary second daughter of Cormac, Lord Muskerry, before-mentioned, sister to his father's second wife."}}{{Sfn|Lodge|1789a|p=[https://archive.org/details/peerageofireland02lodg/page/197/ 197]|ps=. "Colonel Edmond Fitz-Maurice, who married Ellena, fifth daughter of Charles, Lord Viscount Muskerry."}}). See the list in his father's article.

Although most Irish remained Catholics under the Protestant monarchs Henry VIII{{Sfn|Cusack|1871|p=[https://archive.org/details/compendiumofiris00cusa/page/265/ 265]|ps=. "But Dr. Browne [the Anglican bishop] soon found out that it was incomparably easier for Henry to issue commands in England than for him to enforce them in Ireland."}} and Queen Elizabeth,{{Sfn|Duffy|2002|p=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto0000duff/page/107/ 107, line 10]|ps=. "... the number of protestants in Ireland remained small throughout her [Elizabeth's] reign ..."}} both of MacCarty's grandfathers were Protestants. His paternal grandfather, Cormac MacDermot MacCarthy, had conformed to the established religion.{{Sfn|McCarthy|1913|p=66|ps=. "Cormac MacDermott, 16th Lord, born in 1552, attended Parliament in 1578 as 'Baron of Blarney', and conformed to the Protestant church."}} MacCarty's maternal grandfather, Donogh O'Brien, 4th Earl of Thomond, had been brought up as Protestant at the English court.{{Sfn|Cunningham|2009|loc=2nd paragraph, 1st sentence|ps=. "Donough O'Brien was brought up as a protestant at the court of Queen Elizabeth."}}{{Sfn|McGurk|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613911/page/360/ 360, right column, line 32]|ps=. "He [Donogh O'Brien] was educated at Elizabeth's court and described as 'as truly English as if he had been born in Middlesex.'. "}}{{Sfn|McGurk|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613911/page/361/ 361, right column]|ps=. "In the 1613 parliament he [Thomond] strongly supported the protestant party ..."}} MacCarty's father seems to have been a protestant in his youth but later became Catholic.{{Sfn|Lenihan|2008|p=70|ps=. "... the reversion of Cormac MacDermod MacCarthy's son Cormac Óg (1st Viscount Muskerry) to Catholicism ..."}}{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, left column, line 21]|ps=. "... [Donough] was the second son of the staunchly Catholic Charles MacCarthy ..."}}{{Efn|According to O'Hart, Charles MacDermot MacCarthy (Donough's father) studied at Oxford University.{{Sfn|O'Hart|1892|p=[https://archive.org/details/irishpedigrees00unkngoog/page/n162/ 124, left column, line 10]|ps=. "This Cormac was educated at Oxford (England), ..."}} Indeed a Charles MacCarty matriculated on 2 February 1602, aged 14, at Broadgates Hall, a precursor of Pembroke College.{{alox1|title=MacCarty, Charles}} However, this date and age make his birth year 1587 or 1588, too late to marry in 1590{{Sfn|Cokayne|1893|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage05cokahrish/page/n426/ 425, line 29]|ps=. "He [Charles MacCarty] m. [married] firstly, about 1590, Margaret, da. [daughter] of Donough (O'Brien), 4th Earl of Thomond ..."}} and have a son in 1594.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/214/ 214, line 21]|ps=. "Donough MacCarty ... was b. [born] 1594;"}} Whoever this student was, he must have been a Protestant as Catholics were not accepted at Oxford University in his time.{{Sfn|Hunter-Blair|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/catholicencyclo07herbgoog/page/n399/ 366, left column]|ps=. "... imposed upon the university the royal Supremacy and the Thirty-nine Articles, subscription to which was required from every student ..."}}}}

When MacCarty's mother died, his father remarried to Ellen Roche. She was the eldest daughter of David Roche, 7th Viscount Fermoy and widow of Donal MacCarthy Reagh of Kilbrittain,{{R|Burke1866p344rc21|Burke1866p455|Cokayne1893p425.31}} who had died in 1636.{{R|Butler1904|McCarthy1922}} None of the cited works mentions children from his father's second marriage.{{R|Burke1866p344rcM|Laine75}} MacCarty's stepmother's father was a zealous Catholic{{Sfn|Dunlop|Cunningham|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613970/page/460/ 460, left column, line 53]|ps=. "... [David Roche] though a zealous Catholic ..."}}{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009d|loc=2nd paragraph, 3rd sentence|ps=. "He [David Roche] provided protection and support for catholic clergy in the province ..."}} but a loyal supporter of the government.{{Sfn|Dunlop|Cunningham|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613970/page/460/ 460, left column, line 47]|ps=. "Roche [David] was loyal to the government."}}

In 1616{{Sfn|Burke|1866|p=[https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog/page/n360/ 344, right column, line 8]|ps=. "Sir Cormac MacCarthy, of Blarney, called Cooch or Blind, Lord of Muskerry, who m. [married] 1st Mary, dau. [daughter] of Sir Theobald Butler, Knt., Lord of Cahir, and by her left at his decease, 23 February, 1616, two sons ..."}} MacCarty's father succeeded as the 17th Lord of Muskerry.{{Sfn|McCarthy|1913|p=70, line 4|ps=. "Cormac, the 17th Lord of Muskerry (born 1564, died 1640),"}}{{Sfn|O'Hart|1892|p=[https://archive.org/details/irishpedigrees00unkngoog/page/n162/ 124, left column, line 5]|ps=. "124. Cormac Oge, 17th lord of Muscry: his son; born A.D. 1564;"}} In 1628 King Charles I created MacCarty's father Baron Blarney and Viscount Muskerry. The titles were probably purchased.{{Sfn|Gillespie|2006|p=[https://archive.org/details/seventeenthcentu0000gill/page/13/ 13, line 17]|ps=. "... most drastically in the period from 1615 to 1628 when honours were freely available for sale."}} They had a special remainder{{Sfn|Cokayne|1893|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage05cokahrish/page/n426/ 425, line 26]|ps=. "... suc. [succeeded] his father 23 Feb. 1616 and was cr. [created] 15 Nov. 1628, Baron Blarney and Viscount Muskerry, both of co. Cork [I. [Ireland] ], for life, with rem. [remainder] to his son Donough and the heirs male of his body ..."}} that designated Donough as successor, excluding his elder brother, who was alive at the time but probably had an intellectual disability.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1893|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage05cokahrish/page/n425/ 425, footnote]|ps=. "Donogh was the 2nd son, but his elder br. [brother], Cormac, is said to have d. [died] young, tho' he might be living (possibly an idiot) at this time."}}

MacCarty married Eleanor Butler{{Efn|Recent sources call MacCarty's wife Eleanor,{{Sfn|Cokayne|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/215/ 215, line 4]|ps=. "He [Donough MacCarty] m. [married], before 1648, Eleanor, sister of James, 1st Duke of Ormonde, da. [daughter] of Thomas Butler styled Viscount Thurles, by Elizabeth da. of Sir John Pointz."}}{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009b|loc=1st paragraph, 4th sentence|ps=. "His marriage to Eleanor Butler, sister of James ..."}}{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, left column, line 35]|ps=. "... Donough MacCarthy had married by 1641 Eleanor (or Ellen; 1612–1682), the eldest daughter of Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles, and sister of James, later Duke of Ormond."}} but some older ones call her Helena{{Sfn|Burke|Burke|1915|p=[https://archive.org/details/b3136410x/page/1550/ 1550, left column, line 69]|ps=. "1. Helena, m. [married] Donough MacCarty, 1st Earl of Clancarty."}} or Ellen.{{Sfn|Lodge|1789b|p=[https://archive.org/details/peerageofireland04lodg/page/39/ 39, line 33]|ps=. "Daughter Ellen, married to Donogh, Earl of Clancarthy, and dying in April 1682, AEt. 70, was buried 24 in the Chancel of St. Michan's church."}} Her younger sister who married Sir Andrew Aylmer was also known as Eleanor.{{Sfn|Lodge|1789b|p=[https://archive.org/details/peerageofireland04lodg/page/40 40, line 16]|ps=. "Eleanor, married to Sir Andrew Aylmer, of Donadea in the county of Kildare, Baronet."}}}} some time before 1633 as their eldest son was born in 1633 or 1634.{{Efn|MacCarty's eldest son, Charles (or Cormac), was born between 4 June 1633 and 3 June 1634 as he died on 3 June 1635,{{Sfn|Cokayne|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/215/ 215, line 13]|ps=. "He [Charles (Cormac)] d. v.p. [predeceased his father] being slain on board 'the Royal Charles' in a sea-fight against the Dutch, 3, and was bur. [buried] 22 June 1665 in Westm. [Westminster] Abbey."}} aged 31.{{Sfn|Lainé|1836|p=[https://archive.org/details/archivesgenealog05lain/page/n231/ 76, line 1]|ps=. "... dans un combat naval livré aux Hollandais, le 13 juin 1665 [N.S.] à l'âge de trente-et-un ans."}}}} She was a Catholic, the eldest daughter of Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles.{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, left column, line 35]|ps=. "... Donough MacCarthy had married by 1641 Eleanor (or Ellen; 1612–1682), the eldest daughter of Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles, and sister of James, later Duke of Ormond."}} The Butlers were an Old English family descending from Theobald Walter, who came to Ireland during the reign of King Henry II.{{Sfn|Burke|Burke|1915|p=[https://archive.org/details/b3136410x/page/1548/ 1548, left column, line 26]|ps=. "... from the advent of Theobald Fitz-Walter, in the reign of Henry II ..."}} MacCarty was already in his late thirties while she was about twenty.{{Efn|Her age when she married (about 20) can be deduced as John Lodge states that she died in April 1682 aged 70.{{Sfn|Lodge|1789b|p=[https://archive.org/details/peerageofireland04lodg/page/39/ 39, line 33]|ps=. "Daughter Ellen, married to Donogh, Earl of Clancarthy, and dying in April 1682, AEt. 70, was buried 24 in the Chancel of St. Michan's church."}}}} He had been married before and had a son Donall from this wife, but this earlier marriage seems to have been ignored by his family.{{Efn|This marriage is mentioned by John O'Hart{{R|O'Hart124}} but not by Bernard Burke,{{Sfn|Burke|1866|p=[https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog/page/n360/ 344, right column, line 37]|ps=. NB: only one marriage recorded.}} George Edward Cokayne,{{Sfn|Cokayne|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/214/ 214, right column, line 37]|ps=NB: only one marriage recorded.}} and Louis Lainé.{{Sfn|Lainé|1836|p=[https://archive.org/details/archivesgenealog05lain/page/n230/ 75]|ps=NB: only one marriage recorded.}}}} His marriage to Eleanor made him a brother-in-law of James Butler, who succeeded as 12th Earl of Ormond in 1633,{{Sfn|Burke|Burke|1915|p=[https://archive.org/details/b3136410x/page/1550/ 1550, left column, bottom]|ps=. "The earl d. [died] 24 Feb. 1632 and was s. [succeeded] by his grandson James 1st Duke of Ormonde ..."}} just before or just after MacCarty's marriage. Ormond was a Protestant,{{Sfn|Cregan|1995|p=502|ps=. "... while others of the great Anglo-Irish and Old Irish peers, as Kildare, Ormond, Thomond, Barrymore, Inchiquin and Howth, were now to be found in the Protestant ranks."}} as he had been brought up in England.{{Sfn|Lodge|1789b|p=[https://archive.org/details/peerageofireland04lodg/page/43/ 43, line 28]|ps=. "He [James Butler] was granted in Ward 26 May 1623 to Richard, Earl of Desmond, and by order of K. James I educated under the eye of Doctor George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury ..."}}

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Donough and Eleanor had three sons:{{Sfn|Burke|1866|p=[https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog/page/n360/ 344, right column]|ps=. Lists children as Charles, Callaghan, Justin, Helen, and Margaret.}}

1. Charles (1633 or 1634 – 1665),{{Sfn|Lainé|1836|p=[https://archive.org/details/archivesgenealog05lain/page/n231/ 76, line 1]|ps=. "... dans un combat naval livré aux Hollandais, le 13 juin 1665 [N.S.] à l'âge de trente-et-un ans."}} also called Cormac,{{Sfn|Firth|1903|p=[https://archive.org/stream/transactions17royauoft#page/71/ 71, line 1]|ps=. "... lieutenant-colonel was Charles (or Cormac) MacCarty, eldest son of Lord Muskerry. Muskerry commanded an Irish regiment in French service which ... formed part of the garrison of Condé."}} predeceased his father, being slain at sea in the Battle of Lowestoft{{Sfn|Cokayne|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/215/ 215, line 13]|ps=. "He [Charles (Cormac)] d. v.p. [predeceased his father] being slain on board 'the Royal Charles' in a sea-fight against the Dutch, 3, and was bur. [buried] 22 June 1665 in Westm. [Westminster] Abbey."}}{{Sfn|Mangianiello|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=an-eXXA3DBMC&pg=332 332, right column, line 36]|ps=. "He [Charles MacCarty] was killed on 3 June, 1665, at the naval battle of Lowestoft."}}
2. Callaghan ({{Died in|1676}}),{{Sfn|Cokayne|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/216/ 216, line 12]|ps=. "He [Callaghan] d. [died] 21 Nov. 1676."}} succeeded his elder brother's infant son, Charles James, as the 3rd Earl of Clancarty{{Sfn|Cokayne|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/216/ 216, line 6]|ps=. "Callaghan (MacCarty) Earl of Clancarty etc [I. [Ireland] ], uncle and h. [heir], being 2nd s. [son] of the 1st Earl."}}
3. Justin ({{Circa|1643}} – 1694),{{Sfn|Murphy|1959|p=49|ps=. "I have been unable to determine the precise date of his [Justin's] birth: the year 1643 is an approximation arrived at ..."}}{{Sfn|Wauchope|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/111/ 111, left column]|ps=. "c. 1643 – 1694"}} fought for the Jacobites and became Viscount Mountcashel{{Sfn|Cokayne|1893|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage05cokahrish/page/n391/ 390]|ps=. "The Hon. Justin MacCarty 3d and yst [youngest] s. [son] of Donough, 1st Earl of Clancarty [I. [Ireland] ] by Eleanor, sister of James Duke of Ormonde ..."}}

—and two daughters:{{Sfn|Burke|1866|p=[https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog/page/n360/ 344, right column]|ps=. Lists children as Charles, Callaghan, Justin, Helen, and Margaret.}}

1. Helen ({{Died in|1722}}),{{Sfn|Cokayne|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/232/ 232, line 8]|ps=. "Her will, dat. 6 Aug. 1720, pr. [proved] 29 June 1722."}} became countess of Clanricarde. She married 1st Sir John FitzGerald of Dromana and 2ndly William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde.{{Sfn|Burke|1866|p=[https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog/page/n360/ 344, right column, line 45]|ps=. "Helena m. [married] William, 7th Earl of Clanricarde."}}{{Sfn|Cokayne|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/233/ 233, line 2]|ps=. "He [William] m. [married] 2ndly Helen, widow of sir John FitzGerald, of Dromana, co. Waterford (who d. [died] 1662), da. [daughter] of Donough (MacCarty), 1st Earl of Clancarty [I. [Ireland] ] by Eleanor ..."}}
2. Margaret ({{Died in|1704}}), became countess of Fingall by marrying Luke Plunket, 3rd Earl of Fingall{{Sfn|Cokayne|1926|p=[https://archive.org/details/CokayneG.E.TheCompletePeerageSecondEditionVolume5EAGO/page/n204/ 386, line 26]|ps=. "He [Luke Plunkett] m. [married], before 1666, Margaret, da. [daughter] of Donough (MacCarty) Earl of Clancarty [I. [Ireland] ], by Eleanor, sister of James (Butler) 1st Duke of Ormonde, and da. of Thomas Butler, styled Viscount Thurles. ... His widow d. [died] 1 Jan. 1703/4 and was buried in the chapel of Somerset House."}}

When Charles I summoned the Irish Parliament of 1634–1635, MacCarty, already in his forties, stood for County Cork and was elected{{Sfn|House of Commons|1878|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=L1ETAAAAYAAJ&pg=608 608]|ps=. "1634 / 23 June / Sir Donough M'Carthy, knt. / – / ditto [Cork County]"}} as one of its two "knights of the shire" as county MPs{{Sfn|Harris|1930|p=[https://archive.org/details/webstersnewinter00webs/page/1193/ 1193, left column, line 60]|ps=. "k. [knight] of the shire, in England, one of the representatives of a shire or county in Parliament, in distinction from the representatives of cities and boroughs."}} were then called.{{Sfn|Hey|1996|p=[https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_r9p4/page/256/ 256, left column, line 40]|ps=. "Knight of the shire ... The term survived from the Middle Ages into the 19th century, though by then county MPs rarely held a knighthood."}} He had been knighted in 1634.{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009b|loc=Middle of the 1st paragraph|ps=. "Knighted the following year [1634] ..."}} The Lord Deputy of Ireland, Thomas Wentworth{{Sfn|Asch|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_019861408x/page/146/ 146, right column, line 23]|ps=. "Wentworth was appointed lord deputy on 12 January 1632 ..."}} (the future Lord Strafford{{Sfn|Cokayne|1896|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage07cokahrish/page/n263/ 262]|ps=. "... was cr. [created] 2 Jan. 1639–40 ... Earl of Strafford ..."}}) asked to vote taxes: six subsidies of £50,000{{Sfn|Cusack|1871|p=[https://archive.org/details/compendiumofiris00cusa/page/307/ 307, penultimate line]|ps=. "... six subsidies of 50,000ℓ each were voted ..."}} (equivalent to about £{{Inflation|UK|50,000|1634|r=-5|fmt=c}} in {{Inflation/year|UK}}{{Inflation/fn|UK}}) were passed unanimously.{{Sfn|Wedgwood|1961|p=[https://archive.org/details/thomaswentworthf0000wedg/page/152/ 152]|ps=. "... voted six subsidies unanimously ..."}}{{Sfn|Kearney|1959|p=[https://archive.org/details/straffordinirela00kear/page/54/ 54]|ps=. "The fact that the subsidies were voted unanimously on 19 July [1634] ..."}} The parliament also belatedly and incompletely ratified the Graces{{Sfn|Wedgwood|1961|p=[https://archive.org/details/thomaswentworthf0000wedg/page/156/ 156, line 1]|ps=. "... Wentworth agreed that ten only [of the Graces] should become statute law, and that all the rest, with the exception of two, should be continued at the discretion of the government. The two exceptions, articles 24 and 25, affecting land tenure ..."}} of 1628,{{Sfn|Gillespie|2006|p=[https://archive.org/details/seventeenthcentu0000gill/page/76/ 76]|ps=. "The deputation had its first formal audience with the king on 28 March 1628 ..."}} in which the King conceded rights for money.{{Sfn|Gillespie|2006|p=[https://archive.org/details/seventeenthcentu0000gill/page/77/ 77, line 3]|ps=:"Their [the graces'] price was fixed at £40,000 sterling each year for three years "}}

{{CSS image crop|Image=Van dyck thomas wentworth earl of strafford with sir philip mainwaring 1639-40.jpg |bSize=600 |cWidth=170 |cHeight=170 |oTop=80 |oLeft=130 |Location=left |Description=Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford |Alt=A painted portrait of a man with short dark hair and a moustache of a lighter colour with a mouche on the lower lip. He wears a dark jacket and a wide flat band collar with rectangular points.}}

MacCarty was re-elected for County Cork to the Irish Parliament of 1640–1649.{{Efn|Also called the "Parliament of 1639–1648"{{Sfn|House of Commons|1878|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=L1ETAAAAYAAJ&pg=604 604, 6th table row]|ps=. "1639 / 16 March / 1648 / 30 January"}} as its start date and end date are both affected by the shift in the start of the year from 25 March to 1 January in the calendar reform of 1750. The opening date, the 16 March 1640, was still in 1639 according to the Old Style (O.S.) calendar, in force in Great Britain and Ireland at the time, under which each year ended on 5 April. Similarly, the end date, 30 January 1649 (the execution of Charles I),{{Sfn|Fryde|Greenway|Porter|Roy|1986|p=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofbritis0000unse/page/44/ 44, line 17]|ps=. "Charles I. ... exec. 30 Jan. 1649 ..."}} was still in 1648 according to O.S.{{Sfn|Gerard|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/catholicencyclo06unkngoog/page/n809/ 739, right column]|ps=. "[The year began]... from 1155 till the reform of the calendar in 1752 on 25 March, so that 24 March was the last day ..."}}}} The parliamentary records list him as a knight,{{R|HouseOfCommons609}} but about 1638 his father had bought him a baronetcy of Nova Scotia.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1902|p=[https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092524382#page/n460/ 441, line 25]|ps=. "MacCarty: cr. [created] about 1638;"}} The King sold these for 3,000 merk Scots each{{Sfn|Round|1911|p=423|ps=. "... paid 3000 marks (£166 13s. 4d.) towards the plantation of the colony."}} or £166 13s. 4d. sterling{{Efn|The merk Scots was worth 2/3 of a pound Scots, which in turn was worth 1/12 of a pound sterling.{{Sfn|Gibson|Smout|1995|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Zgp1JjQU78EC&pg=PP17 xv]|ps=. "After 1603, however, the pound scots was fixed at one-twelfth of the pound sterling."}}}} (equivalent to about £{{Inflation|UK|166,5|1638|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{Inflation/year|UK}}{{Inflation/fn|UK}}). Under Strafford's guidance, the parliament unanimously voted four subsidies of £45,000{{Sfn|Wedgwood|1961|p=[https://archive.org/details/thomaswentworthf0000wedg/page/276/ 276, line 4]|ps=. "... they voted four subsidies of £45,000 each without a single negative ..."}} (equivalent to about £{{Inflation|UK|45,000|1640|r=-5|fmt=c}} in {{Inflation/year|UK}}{{Inflation/fn|UK}}) to raise an Irish army of 9,000{{Sfn|Wedgwood|1961|p=[https://archive.org/details/thomaswentworthf0000wedg/page/277/ 277, line 8]|ps=. "The Irish Parliament had agreed on the provision of a force of eight thousand foot and a thousand horse."}} for use against the Scots in the Second Bishops' War.{{Sfn|Harris|2014|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bbrrAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA431 431]|ps=. "... army of 9,000 that Wentworth had raised in Ireland to help suppress the Scots. "}}

In April Strafford left Ireland{{Sfn|Wedgwood|1961|p=[https://archive.org/details/thomaswentworthf0000wedg/page/278/ 278]|ps=. "On the evening of Good Friday, April 3rd, he [Wentworth] took leave of his wife and his friend, Wandesford, not knowing ..."}} to advise the King during the Short Parliament at Westminster.{{Sfn|Asch|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_019861408x/page/152/ 152, right column, line 44]|ps=. "... Strafford immediately returned to England where the Short Parliament assembled on 15 April [1640]."}} The Irish Commons saw their chance to complain about Strafford's authoritarian regime. They formed a committee for grievances of which MacCarty was a member.{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, left column, line 45]|ps=. "In the parliaments of 1634 and 1640 MacCarthy sat as MP for co. Cork and served as member of the committee which presented grievances to Charles I in 1640."}} The committee prepared a remonstrance, called the November Petition, which was signed by all its members.{{Sfn|Perceval-Maxwell|1994|p=90, line 13|ps=. "All the members of this commission signed the November Petition."}} The petition was then voted and approved by the Commons.{{Sfn|Wedgwood|1961|p=[https://archive.org/details/thomaswentworthf0000wedg/page/320/ 320]|ps=. "Poor Christopher Wandesford, as Lord Deputy, exerted no control at all; he had managed to prorogue the house, but not until after the remonstrance had been voted."}} MacCarty also was part of the delegation of 13 MPs{{Sfn|Woolrych|2002|p=[https://archive.org/details/britaininrevolut00wool/page/163/ 163, line 36]|ps=. "They sent it over to England ... in the charge of thirteen members, who spanned the whole gamut from Irish and Old-English Catholics to New English puritans and Scottish Presbyterians. They included Sir Donagh McCarthy ..."}} that went to London in November{{Sfn|Wedgwood|1961|p=[https://archive.org/details/thomaswentworthf0000wedg/page/320/ 320, line 16]|ps=. "On November 21st Audley Mervyn ... appeared with a remonstrance from Dublin."}} to submit the petition to the King.{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009b|loc=Penultimate sentence of the 1st paragraph|ps=. "In December 1640 MacCarthy travelled to London as a member of a commons committee to present a list of grievances to the king."}} The Lords sent a separate delegation for their grievances. MacCarty's father was part of it.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909a|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua01bagw/page/303/ 303]|ps=. "... deputed Gormanston, Dillon, and Kilmallock to carry their grievances to London. When Parliament reassembled [i.e. 26 Jan 1641] this action was confirmed and Lord Muskerry was added to the number."}}{{R|Carte1851a}}

In February 1641, MacCarty's father, aged about 70, died in London{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009b|loc=2nd paragraph, 1st sentence start|ps=. "On the death of his father (20 February 1641) ..."}} during his parliamentary mission. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.{{Sfn|Lainé|1836|p=[https://archive.org/details/archivesgenealog05lain/page/n232/ 77]|ps=. "(extrait du certificat de funérailles) ... enterré dans le bas-côté [de Westminster] près de son grand-père Charles, lord vicomte Muskery."}} MacCarty succeeded as 2nd Viscount Muskerry. He lost his seat in the Commons where he was replaced by Redmond Roche, an uncle by his stepmother.{{Sfn|McGrath|1997b|p=257|ps=. "Redmond replaced his nephew by marriage McCarthy."}} As his ailing elder brother had died some time before,{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, left column, line 24]|ps=. "With the death of his elder brother Cormac, Donough became heir to vast estates in Munster."}} the title's special remainder did not need to be invoked. In March when Strafford was tried by the English House of Lords,{{Sfn|Wedgwood|1978|p=[https://archive.org/details/thomaswentworthf0000wedg/page/332/ 332]|ps=. "... the opening date was fixed for Monday, March 22nd, 1641 ..."}} Muskerry gave evidence that Strafford had prevented Irish people from seeing the King.{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009b|loc=1st paragraph, last sentence|ps=. "He gave evidence at Strafford's trial, accusing the lord lieutenant of refusing travel licences to Irishmen who wished to visit the court."}} When he came back to Dublin, Muskerry took his seat in the Irish House of Lords.{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009b|loc=2nd paragraph, 1st sentence|ps=. "... returned to Dublin to sit in the house of lords as 2nd Viscount Muskerry."}}

File:Second Viscount Muskerry.jpg

Ireland suffered 11 years of war from 1641 to 1652, which can be divided into the Rebellion of 1641, the Confederate Wars, and the Cromwellian Conquest. This Eleven Year War{{Sfn|Lenihan|1997|p=[http://www.jstor.org/stable/24340829 1, line 1]|ps=. "... the Eleven Year War (1641–1652) ..."}} or Eleven Years War{{Sfn|Dorney|2014|ps=. "The one term that unifies them is the contemporary Irish language term Cogadh na haon deag mbliana or the Eleven Years War."}}{{Sfn|Morgan|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_a3r4/page/115/ 115]|ps=. "Confederate War (1641–1653), also known as the Irish Civil War, the War of the Confederation, or the Eleven Years War."}} was a theatre of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms,{{Sfn|Morrill|1991|p=[https://archive.org/details/impactofenglishc0000unse/page/8/ 8]|ps=. "Yet there never has been any agreement amongst historians about what to call the crisis in England in the 1640s. Contemporaries in England saw it as 'The Troubles' or 'The Great Civil War'" or as the 'Great Rebellion'; while contemporaries in Scotland saw it as the 'Wars of the Covenant' and contemporaries in Ireland as the 'War of the Three Kingdoms'.}} also known as the British Civil Wars.{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2007|p=[http://www.jstor.org/stable/25096669/ title]|ps=:The title demonstrates the use of the term}}{{Sfn|Pocock|1996|p=172|ps=. "Irish historians ... object, or so I have been told, to the term 'the British Isles' for reasons with which I can sympathise."}}

Seeing the King weak{{Sfn|Duffy|2002|p=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto0000duff/page/112/ 112, line 22]|ps=. "Besides, the threat of civil war in England presented the best opportunity in a generation for an attempt to overthrow English rule ..."}} and trying to oppose plantations,{{Sfn|Duffy|2002|p=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto0000duff/page/113/ 113, line 6]|ps=. "... there can be little doubt that the recovery of lost lands was part of their agenda."}} Sir Phelim O'Neill launched the Rebellion from the northern province of Ulster in October 1641.{{Sfn|Perceval-Maxwell|1994|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=OxfmaKA5L_0C&pg=PA214 214]|ps=. "Sir Phelim O'Neill struck in Ulster on the evening of Friday, 22 October [1641], 'the last day of the moon'. He took Dungannon first, and two hours later he was in the possession of the strong castle of Charlemont ..."}} He pretended, in his Proclamation of Dungannon,{{Sfn|Boyce|1995|p=[https://archive.org/details/nationalisminire00boyc/page/79/ 79]|ps=. "Their aims were clearly stated in Sir Phelim O'Neill's proclamation, made at Dungannon on 24 October 1641."}} to have a royal commission sanctioning his actions.{{Sfn|Hickson|1884a|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandinsevente01hick/page/114/ 114, line 40]|ps=Text of the commission}} In Munster Muskerry socialised with Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, an English Protestant established in Ireland, with whom he had opposed Strafford. News of the rebellion reached Lord Cork at a dinner at Castlelyons where David Barry, 1st Earl of Barrymore entertained Muskerry and Cork's son Roger, Lord Broghill.{{Sfn|Budgell|2003|p=[https://archive.org/details/memoirsoflivesch0000budg/ 22, line 4]|ps=. "... at Castlelyons where the Earl of Barrymore, his [Broghill's] brother-in-law had invited them [Broghill and Cork] both to dine. The Lord Muskerry and some other men of quality of the Irish Nation, with whom they lived in an easy and familiar way, were of the party."}} Barrymore was an Irish Protestant and Cork's son-in-law.{{Sfn|Burke|1866|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_K3MaAAAAYAAJ/page/n41/ 25, left column, line 53]|ps=. "David Barry, Viscount Buttevant, who highly distinguished himself by his fidelity to the English interest during the civil commotions in Ireland, and was created 28 February, 1628, Earl of Barrymore. His lordship m. [married] 29 July 1621, Alice, eldest dau. [daughter] of Richard, Earl of Cork ..."}}{{Sfn|Cregan|1995|p=502|ps=. "... while others of the great Anglo-Irish and Old Irish peers, as Kildare, Ormond, Thomond, Barrymore, Inchiquin and Howth, were now to be found in the Protestant ranks."}} Muskerry would later oppose Barrymore and Broghill in battle, but in February 1642 Muskerry still sided with Sir William St Leger, Lord President of Munster, against the insurgents.{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009b|loc=2nd paragraph|ps=. "During the initial months of the uprising in 1641, Muskerry remained loyal to the Dublin administration but most of his tenants and adherents defected to the rebel cause."}} Muskerry offered to raise an armed force of his tenants and dependants to maintain law and order.{{Sfn|Carte|1851b|p=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesdukeo02cart/page/148/ 148, line 17]|ps=. "It was the middle of December before any one gentleman in the province of Munster appeared to favour the rebellion; many of them had shewn themselves zealous to oppose it and had tendered their service for that end. Lord Muskerry, who had married a sister of the Lord Ormond's, offered to raise a 1000 men at his own charge ..."}} He and his wife tried to save Protestants fleeing from the insurgents.{{Sfn|Borlase|Hyde|1680|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=vo8RchQIeuAC&pg=PA115 115]|ps=. "... killed going from Macrone to Cork (with a Convoy which the Lord Muskerry did allow her) ..."}}{{Sfn|Hill|1873|p=[https://archive.org/details/historicalacmacd00hill/page/n84/ 71, left column, footnote 81]|ps=. "... lord and lady Muskerry devoted their time, and energies, and worldly means to the work of preserving Protestants, and relieving them in great numbers from cold and hunger."}}{{Sfn|Hickson|1884b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandinsevente02hick/page/174/ 175, line 1]|ps=. "But, staunch and devout Roman Catholic as he [Donough MacCarthy] was, he refused to sanction the extermination of his Protestant countrymen ..."}} In January 1642 the Munster insurgents under Maurice Roche, 8th Viscount Fermoy besieged Lord Cork in Youghal.{{Sfn|Townshend|1904|pp=[https://archive.org/details/journal04socigoog/page/n112/ 100–102]}}

However, the rebellion was gaining ground,{{Sfn|Moody|Martin|2001|p=[https://archive.org/details/courseofirishhis0000unse_l7m3/page/160/ 160]|ps=. "In the early months of 1642 the movement spread throughout Ireland and success seemed near."}} and on 2 March,{{Efn|Muskerry changed sides on Ash Wednesday 1642.{{Sfn|McGrath|1997a|p=203, line 20|ps=. "He declared for his co-religionists on Ash Wednesday 1642 ..."}} Calculations with the [https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/easter/eastercalculator.htm Easter Calculator] of the University of Utrecht or that of the [https://promenade.imcce.fr/en/pages4/440.html IMCCE] show that Ash Wednesday fell on 2 March in 1642.}} Muskerry changed sides,{{Sfn|M'Enery|1904|p=172|ps=. "Lord Muskerry joined the insurgents early in March [1642]."}} to defend the Catholic faith and the King{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, right column, line 2]|ps=. "on the grounds that the rebellion was the only means of preserving Catholicism, the king's prerogative and the 'antient privileges of the poore Kingdom of Ireland ...' "}} as he explained on 17 March in a letter to Barrymore.{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|1997|p=63, note 32|ps=. "... Muskerry explained his motivations in a letter to the earl of Barrymore on 17 March 1642."}}{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009b|loc=2nd paragraph, middle|ps=. "... [Muskerry] claimed that he had joined the rebellion to maintain the 'Catholic religion, his majesty's prerogative ...'"}} Muskerry believed Phelim O'Neill acted under a royal warrant,{{Sfn|Wedgwood|1978|p=[https://archive.org/details/kingswar164116470000wedg/page/26/ 26, line 14]|ps=. "Their leaders—Phelim O'Neil and Rory M'Guire in the North, Lord Muskerry in the South—persistently claimed that they had the royal warrant for what they did."}} but the King had already denounced the Irish insurgents as traitors in January.{{Sfn|Wedgwood|1978|p=[https://archive.org/details/kingswar164116470000wedg/page/54/ 55, line 2]|ps=. "First [on 1 January 1642] he [Charles] issued a proclamation denouncing the Irish as traitors ..."}} Hearing of his defection, the Irish Parliament declared Muskerry's estates forfeit.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n30/ 12, line 14]|ps=. "... 2,500,000 acres were declared forfeited to the crown, by the men engaged in the rebellion."}}{{Sfn|Seccombe|1893|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio57stepgoog/page/n449/ 437, left column, line 2]|ps=. "He [Muskerry] forfeited all his estates in 1641 [i.e. March 1641/42] ..."}} He lost the Dublin townhouse that his father had built about 1640,{{Sfn|Mahaffy|1891|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4CUBAAAAYAAJ/page/n52/ 44]|ps=. "There were several sites granted on the north side of Dame Street, by the Corporation [i.e. Trinity College] to gentlemen of quality, who built houses with gardens stretching behind them to the river. I found mention of three of these before 1640. Presently, two larger mansions were erected there—Clancarty House, at the foot of the present S. Andrew's Street, and opposite it Chichester House ..."}} but the government could not seize his Munster estates.{{Sfn|Duffy|2002|p=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto0000duff/page/112 112, line 19]|ps=. "... by the early months of 1642 only a few pockets of loyalism remained, principally defended towns and forts, many under siege."}}{{Sfn|Woolrych|2002|p=[https://archive.org/details/britaininrevolut00wool/page/218/ 218]|ps=. "the Irish rebellion did reach its largest territorial extent during January and February. Its partisans secured Waterford, Tipperary, Kilkenny during January; the Earl of Thomond tried in vain to prevent County Clare from joining them and when Viscount Muskerry declared for them in February, most of County Cork was lost."}}

Like many Catholic royalists, Muskerry imagined Charles could be convinced to accept Catholicism in Ireland as he accepted Presbyterianism in Scotland.{{Sfn|Foster|1989|p=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00rffo/page/120/ 120, line 15]|ps=. "The recent example of the Scottish covenanters and their success in achieving a special recognition for a Presbyterian church in Scotland ..."}} He was also prompted to take up arms by the atrocities committed by William St Leger against the Catholic population{{Sfn|Butler|1925|p=[https://archive.org/details/irishhistory0000unse/page/254/ 254, line 3]|ps=. "But soon, goaded to action it would appear by the atrocities of St. Leger and the Protestant settlers, he [Muskerry] threw in his lot with his countrymen."}}{{Sfn|Clavin|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613989/page/659/ 659, right column]|ps=. "... St Leger responded in a ruthless and brutal fashion ... indiscriminately killing many local Catholics ..."}} and by the approach of Richard Butler, 3rd Viscount Mountgarret with his rebel army.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/2/ 2, line 13]|ps=. "At the end of January Mountgarrett, who acted as general, invaded Munster "}}{{Sfn|Kelsey|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/197/ 197, left column, bottom]|ps=. "Mountgarret now headed south and took Mallow before an argument with Lord Roche and the rebels of co. Cork, one of the earliest signs of tensions within the confederate camp ..."}} Muskerry refused to serve under Mountgarret and competed for the leadership in Munster with Fermoy,{{Sfn|Cokayne|1890|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage03cokahrish/page/n329/ 328]|ps=. "8. Maurice (Roche) Viscount Roche of Fermoy [I. [Ireland] ], s. and h. [son and heir], took his seat (by proxy) in the House of Lords [I. [Ireland] ], 26 Oct. 1640. He was deeply involved in the troubles of 1641 ..."}} an uncle by his stepmother. Fermoy had led the rebellion in Munster before Muskerry joined{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009b|loc=2nd paragraph, 4th sentence|ps=. "His personal rivalry with Maurice Roche, Viscount Fermoy, another leading catholic magnate in Munster, hindered the progress of the catholic forces in the province."}} and outclassed him in terms of precedence,{{Efn|Fermoy and Muskerry were both viscounts, but the Muskerry viscountcy had only been created in 1628,{{Sfn|Cokayne|1893|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage05cokahrish/page/n425/ 425, line 26]|ps=. "... was cr. [created] 15 Nov. 1628, Baron Blarney and Viscount Muskerry, both of co. Cork [I. [Ireland] ], for life, with rem. [remainder] to his son Donough and the heirs male of his body ..."}} whereas the Fermoy viscountcy was much older.{{Sfn|Burke|1866|p=[https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog/page/n459/ 454, right column, bottom]|ps=. "Maurice Roche, Viscount Fermoy, generally called the Mad, living in 1541 ..."}}}} but Muskerry was richer.{{Sfn|O Callaghan|1990|p=[https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1990/b1990-003.pdf#page=4 32, right column]|ps=. "... his annual revenue amounted to £7,000 and he had inherited £30,000. In contrast Roche, Mac Donough, O Callaghan, and O Keeffe were so deeply into debt that their revenues served only to meet their interest payments."}} At a meeting of the leaders at Blarney, Garret Barry, a veteran of the Spanish Army of Flanders, was made general of the Munster insurgents' army as a compromise.{{Sfn|Wiggins|2001|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=hmziLJnM0kwC&pg=PR16 xvi]|ps=. "March 1642 / 2nd / At a meeting in Muskerry's house in Blarney, Co. Cork, the leadership question is resolved when Garrett Barry is appointed general, with the other notables forming a council of war."}} Muskerry was his second-in-command.{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, right column, line 7]|ps=. "Muskerry, working closely with Colonel Garret Barry, a veteran from the Spanish service in Flanders, now led the Catholic war effort in Munster."}}

In March and April, Muskerry and Fermoy{{Sfn|McGrath|1997c|p=266, line 6|ps=. "In April 1642 he [St Leger] was besieged in Cork by Theobald Purcell, Richard Butler, and Lords Roche, Ikerrin, Dunboyne and Muskerry."}} with 4,000 men{{Sfn|Bagwell|1895|p=[https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofnati41stepuoft/page/320/ 320, right column, line 52]|ps=. "In April 1642, during the siege of Cork by Muskerry with four thousand men, Inchiquin ..."}} unsuccessfully besieged St Leger in Cork City.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/3/ 3]|ps=. "... besieged in Cork 'by a vast body of enemy lying within four miles of the town, under my Lord of Muskerry, O'Sullivan Roe, MacCarthy Reagh, and all the western gentry ...' "}} On 13 April Murrough O'Brien, 6th Baron Inchiquin, an Irish Protestant,{{Sfn|Cregan|1995|p=502|ps=. "... while others of the great Anglo-Irish and Old Irish peers, as Kildare, Ormond, Thomond, Barrymore, Inchiquin and Howth, were now to be found in the Protestant ranks."}} lifted the siege by driving the insurgents from their base at Rochfordstown.{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, right column, line 13]|ps=. "... early in April 1642 captured Rochfordstown ..."}}{{Sfn|Wiggins|2001|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=hmziLJnM0kwC&pg=PR17 xvii]|ps=. "April 1642 / 13th / The siege of Cork is lifted when Lord Inchiquin routes the besiegers."}} Muskerry lost his armour, tent, and trunks in this action.{{Sfn|Smith|1893|p=[https://archive.org/details/ancientandprese00socigoog/page/n80/ 74]|ps=. "... took all their equipages and carriages, of which Lord Muskery's armour, tent, and trunks were part."}} He and his lady stayed nearby at Blarney Castle at the time.{{Sfn|Vigors|1896|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bSd7AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA303 303]|ps=. "I heard when his Lordship came home to the Blarney ..."}} On 16 May, Muskerry and Fermoy captured Barrymore Castle at Castlelyons, Barrymore's seat.{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, right column]|ps=. "On 16 May Muskerry and Lord Roche captured and then pillaged Castle Lyons (though Barrymore was allowed to escape unharmed)."}} St Leger died on 2 July,{{Sfn|Smith|1893|p=[https://archive.org/details/ancientandprese00socigoog/page/n82/ 76]|ps=. "On the 2nd July, 1642, the Lord President, St Leger, died at his house in Doneraile."}} and Inchiquin, the vice-president, took over the command of the government forces in Munster.{{Sfn|Little|2004a|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613911/page/374/ 374, left column, line 27]|ps=. "On 2 April, in a further sign of St Leger's trust, Inchiquin was made vice-president of Munster."}}{{Sfn|Smith|1893|p=[https://archive.org/details/ancientandprese00socigoog/page/n83/ 77]|ps=. "The Lords justices, upon his death, made choice of Lord Inchiquin to succeed him [St. Leger], who had married his daughter ..."}}

{{CSS image crop|Image=King John's Castle in Limerick.jpg |bSize=600 |cWidth=270 |cHeight=180 |oTop=65 |oLeft=80 |Location=right |Description=Limerick Castle on the River Shannon |Alt=A medieval castle on a river}}

{{Further|Siege of Limerick (1642)}}

In May and June 1642, Muskerry, Garret Barry, Patrick Purcell of Croagh, and Fermoy attacked Limerick.{{Sfn|M'Enery|1904|p=163, penultimate line|ps=. "The principal men among the besiegers were General Gerald Barry, Patrick Pursell of Croagh, County Limerick, lord Roche, lord Muskerry ..."}} The town opened its gates willingly,{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n46/ 28, line 11]|ps=. "The inhabitants ... opened their gates to the confederates ..."}} but the Protestants defended King John's Castle in the Siege of Limerick. They were led by George Courtenay, 1st Baronet, of Newcastle,{{Sfn|M'Enery|1904|p=163, line 31|ps=. "The castle was defended by Captain George Courtenay, a younger son of Sir William Courtenay, head of the famous house of Courtenay, Earls of Devon;"}} who was the constable of Limerick Castle.{{Sfn|Wiggins|2001|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=hmziLJnM0kwC&pg=PA55 55]|ps=. "... Sir Maurice Berkeley was the constable of Limerick Castle until 1622, when he was succeeded by George Courtenay."}}

Muskerry had a cannon placed on the tower of St Mary's Cathedral, which overlooked the castle.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n47/ 28, line 29]|ps=. "Muskerry ordered a cannon to be mounted on St. Mary's church, from which he kept up an incessant fire on the castle;"}} The besiegers attacked the castle's eastern wall and the bastion on its south-east corner by digging mines.{{Sfn|Wiggins|2001|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=hmziLJnM0kwC&pg=PA1 1]|ps=. "The castle had been brought to the brink of surrender by the invisible and inexorable power of deep gallery mining."}} The castle surrendered on 21 June and Muskerry took possession.{{Sfn|Adams|1904|p=[https://archive.org/details/castlesofireland00adamiala/page/255/ 255]|ps=. "... capitulated on the 21st of June [1642]. Lord Muskerry took possession the next day."}} The insurgents had already attacked castles in the Connello area west of Limerick, which had been settled with English during the Plantation of Munster.{{Sfn|Westropp|1907|p=155|ps=. "The English settlers were given possession of the castles, and Connello was divided into seignories, mainly held by Berkeley, Courtenay, Oughtred, Trenchard, Cullom, Billingsley and Agar."}} On 26 March Patrick Purcell had laid siege to Castletown,{{Sfn|Wiggins|2001|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=hmziLJnM0kwC&pg=PR17 xvii, line 9]|ps=. "[March 1642] / 26th / Castletown Castle, Co. Limerick, besieged by Patrick Purcell, and taken after five weeks."}} defended by Hardress Waller, the future Cromwellian general.{{Sfn|Firth|1899|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio40stepgoog/page/n140/ 128, left column]|ps=. "In the conquest of Ireland he [Waller] took a prominent part, following Cromwell thither with his regiment in December 1649."}}{{Sfn|Little|2004c|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198614063/page/978/ 978, left column]|ps=. "... by June 1650 he [Waller] had been promoted major-general."}} The castle fell in May.{{Sfn|Murphy|2012b|p=142|ps=. "Eventually a shortage of water forced Waller to yield the castle [i.e. Castletown] about six weeks later on either 4 or 13 May 1642."}} In July, Muskerry and Patrick Purcell used artillery, captured at King John's Castle, to take Kilfinny, defended by Elizabeth Dowdall,{{Sfn|Westropp|1907|p=163|ps=. "Purcell came up with seven thousand men and three of its cannon, and fired on the castle. Defence was impossible; the indomitable woman, after enduring 'three great shot', surrendered ..."}} Waller's mother-in-law.{{Sfn|Coolahan|2019|loc=Title|ps=. "Elizabeth married Sir John Dowdall, of Kilfinny, Limerick."}}{{Sfn|Lodge|1789c|p=[https://archive.org/details/peerageofireland06lodg/page/16/ 16]|ps=. "Sir John Dowdall of Kilfinny ... left five daughters, viz Anne ... Elizabeth [married] before 1630 to Hardress Waller of Castleton in the county of Limerick, Knt.;"}}

File:Liscarroll Castle perspective.png, captured by Muskerry the day before the battle]]

The Munster insurgents then attacked the castles of Sir Philip Perceval. In the summer of 1642 Muskerry took Annagh Castle, County Tipperary, and in August besieged Liscarroll Castle, County Cork. The castle surrendered on 2 September.{{Efn|The dates given for the sieges of Annagh and Liscarroll castles are confusing, but it is sure the sieges happened in the summer of 1642 and that Liscarrol fell on 2 September.{{Sfn|Buckley|1898|p=[https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1898/b1898-010.pdf#page=7 88]|ps=. "On Tuesday, the 30th August, they sat down before Liscarroll Castle ..."}}{{Sfn|Moriarty|1895|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati44stepuoft/page/372/ 373, right column]|ps=. "In the summer of 1642 a detachment of the confederate army under Lord Muskerry advanced into Percival's districts. All his castles were taken though Annagh and Liscarrol offered a stubborn resistance, the former {{sic}} holding out for eleven days against an attacking force of 7,500 men (20 Aug.–2 Sept. 1642)."}}{{Sfn|Little|2004b|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613938/page/662/ 662, left column]|ps=. "Perceval's lands were overrun, with his castles at Liscarroll and Annagh holding out until September 1642."}}}} The next day Inchiquin with his army appeared before the castle.{{Sfn|Coffey|1914|p=[https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/page/107/ 107, line 14]|ps=. "Inchiquin hurried to the relief of Liscarroll, arriving in sight of the castle on September 3rd."}} Despite inferior numbers{{Sfn|Bagwell|1895|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati41stepuoft/page/321/ 321, left column, line 14]|ps=. "On 20 August Inchiquin, accompanied by Barrymore, Kinalmeaky, and Broghill ... with only two thousand foot and four hundred horse ..."}} Inchiquin defeated the insurgents under General Garret Barry in the ensuing Battle of Liscarroll.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n53/ 35]|ps=. "... the confederates under Lords Roche, Muskerry, Ikerrin, Dunboyne, Castleconnell, Brittas, and General Barry ..."}}{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2012|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=zHZYbeg-zeoC&pg=PA266 266]|ps=. "... at the battle of Liscarroll (3 September 1642) when troops led by Lords Brittas, Castle Connell, Dunboyne, Ikerrin, Muskerry, and Roche took on a Protestant force ..."}} Muskerry allegedly panicked, fled, and caused others to flee.{{Sfn|Buckley|1898|p=[https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1898/b1898-010.pdf#page=17 98]|ps=. "My Lord Musgrave told them the day was lost, and bid as many as could save their lives, to make hast away;"}} His Protestant acquaintance Barrymore died in September, supposedly of wounds received in the battle.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2009|loc=2nd paragraph, penultimate sentence|ps=. "He died 29 September 1642 apparently from wounds received in battle at Liscarrol ..."}}

In 1642 the insurgents organised themselves in the Irish Catholic Confederation. In May the Catholic Church declared the war lawful.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n38/ 20, line 4]|ps=. "... the general synod met at Kilkenny on the 10th May 1642."}}{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n299/ 281, line 29]|ps=. "... we therefore declare that warre openly Catholique to be lawfull and just ..."}} An oath of association was dawn up.{{Sfn|Cregan|1973|p=[https://archive.org/details/irishparliamenta0000unse/page/103/ 103, line 23]|ps=. "At a very early stage an oath of association was administered by a clergy ..."}} In October Muskerry attended the first Confederate General Assembly at Kilkenny{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n60/ 42]|ps=. "On the 24th of October [1642] therefore twenty-five peers,—eleven spiritual, fourteen temporal,—and two hundred and twenty-six commoners had met within the walls of Kilkenny ..."}}{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009b|loc=Penultimate sentence of the 2nd paragraph|ps=. "... Muskerry attended the first general assembly of the confederate catholics in Kilkenny in October 1642."}} where Mountgarret was elected president of the Confederation.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n63/ 45, line 21]|ps=. "they proceeded to elect the supreme council ... when Lord Mountgaret was chosen president."}} Muskerry was not elected to the Supreme Council, but his rival Fermoy was.{{Sfn|Cusack|1871|p=[https://archive.org/details/compendiumofiris00cusa/page/312/ 312]|ps=. "For Munster: viscount Roche, Sir Daniel O'Brien, Edmund Fitzmaurice, Dr Fennell, Robert Lambert, and George Comyn."}} Garret Barry was made general of the Munster Army,{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009b|loc=Last sentence of 2nd paragraph|ps=. "... appointed Garret Barry, a continental veteran, as compromise commander in Munster ..."}} despite his recent defeat and advanced age. Barry seems to have held the position until his death in March 1646 in Limerick,{{Sfn|Lenihan|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary04matt/page/131/ 131, left column]|ps=. "Barry died in Limerick City in early March 1646."}} but others commanded in his stead. In 1643 Muskerry and Fermoy were both elected to the Supreme Council.{{Efn|Authors agree that Muskerry and Fermoy sat together in a Supreme Council in 1643. According to Cregan (1995) and Ó Siochrú (1997) this was the Second Supreme Council, May to November 1643,{{Sfn|Cregan|1995|p=510 middle|ps=. "Second Supreme Council, May 1643 – November 1643 ... Viscount Roche ... Viscount Muskerry ..."}}{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|1997|p=63, line 18 |ps=. "... he [Muskerry] definitively attended the meeting the following May [1643], where assembly members elected him onto the Supreme Council ..."}}{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|1997|p=316, Table 11, Supreme Council Membership 1642-16}} but McGrath (1997) and Jane Ohlmeyer (2004) maintain it was the third, November 1643 to July 1644.{{Sfn|McGrath|1997a|p=203, line 25|ps=. "A member of the third, fourth, fifth and eighth Supreme Councils (1643–6, 1647) ..."}}{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, right column, line 21]|ps=. "At the national level he sat as a member of the third, fourth, fifth, and eighth supreme councils ..."}}}}

Muskerry commanded the infantry at the Battle of Cloughleagh on 4 June 1643{{Sfn|Borlase|Hyde|1680|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=vo8RchQIeuAC&pg=PA117 117]|ps=. "... a mischief they [the English] might have avoided had they been less confident, and given greater credence to their Intelligence. The 4th of June ..."}} where the Irish cavalry under James Tuchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven, routed a detachment of Inchiquin's troops{{Sfn|Castlehaven|1815|p=[https://archive.org/details/earlcastlehaven00anglgoog/page/n62/ 40, last line]|ps=. "I lost no time in the charge, and quickly defeated his horse, who, to save themselves, broke in on the foot, and put them into disorder ..."}}{{Sfn|Carte|1851b|p=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesdukeo02cart/page/484/ 484, line]|ps=. "... attacked in his march at Killworth by the earl of Castlehaven and lord Muskery."}} under Sir Charles Vavasour, 1st Baronet, of Killingthorpe, who had taken the Cloughleagh Tower House near Fermoy the day before.{{Sfn|Carte|1851b|p=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesdukeo02cart/page/484/ 484, line 16]|ps=. "Sir Charles ... on June 3 had the strong castle of Cloughleagh surrendered to him."}} Muskerry with the infantry arrived only after the decisive cavalry charge. Castlehaven considered him slow and called him "the old general".{{Sfn|Castlehaven|1815|p=[https://archive.org/details/earlcastlehaven00anglgoog/page/n62/ 40, line 21]|ps=. "The foot marched after but the old General moved so slowly, that I had defeated the enemy before he came within two miles of the place."}}

Later that year, Muskerry led the Munster Army in an offensive against Inchiquin in County Waterford.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1895|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati41stepuoft/page/321/ 321, right column, line 7]|ps=. "Muskerry threatened the county of Waterford ..."}} Lieutenant-Colonel, Patrick Purcell, unsuccessfully besieged Lismore Castle, the seat of the Earls of Cork.{{Sfn|Adams|1904|p=[https://archive.org/details/castlesofireland00adamiala/page/283/ 283]|ps=. "In 1643 it [Lismore] was again besieged by Lieutenant-Colonel Purcell with seven thousand foot and nine hundred horse ..."}} Muskerry was about to take Cappoquin but engaged in parleys{{Sfn|Bagwell|1895|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati41stepuoft/page/321/ 321, right column, line 10]|ps=. "The Irish leader offered to spare Youghal and its district if Cappoquin and Lismore surrendered at once "}} and was outwitted by Inchiquin, who delayed the town's surrender until September when the cease-fire ended the war.{{Sfn|Airy|1886|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati08stepuoft/page/54/ 54, right column]|ps=. "... and the cessation was signed on the 15 September [1643]."}}

Muskerry, like most of the magnates among the Confederates, was afraid to lose title and land when the King regained control. He therefore adhered to a faction within the Confederates, called the peace party or the Ormondists,{{Sfn|Moody|Martin|2001|p=[https://archive.org/details/courseofirishhis0000unse_l7m3/page/161/ 161, line 27]|ps=. "On the one hand were the Old English who had little to gain and much to lose and who were prepared to agree upon moderate term with Charles."}} that sought an agreement that would protect against such a loss. The King, on the other hand, sought peace with the Confederates to be able to withdraw troops from Ireland for use in the English Civil War.{{Sfn|Duffy|2002|p=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto0000duff/page/114/ 114, line 7]|ps=. "... Charles I sought to make peace with the Confederates in order to free up the forces of the Dublin government for service against his Parliamentary opponents in England."}} In 1643, the King asked Ormond to open talks with the Confederates.{{Sfn|Barnard|2004b|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/156/ 156, left column, line 17]|ps=. "To his end, Ormond and other royal emissionaries were empowered to conclude truces with the Irish insurgents."}} On 15 September 1643 at Sigginstown, Strafford's unfinished house,{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n91/ 73]|ps=. "... the confederate commissioners agreed to meet him in Strafford's unfinished mansion at Jigginstown, in order to a cessation of arms."}} the Confederates signed a cease-fire with Ormond, called the "Cessation".{{Sfn|Airy|1886|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati08stepuoft/page/54/ 54, right column]|ps=. "... and the cessation was signed on the 15 September [1643]."}} Muskerry was one of the signatories.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/50/ 50]|ps=. "Ten persons signed on the part of the Confederates, of whom Lord Muskerry, Sir Robert Talbot, and Geoffrey Browne were perhaps the most notable."}}{{Sfn|Gilbert|1882a|p=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101042590099&view=1up&seq=277 163, note 1]|ps=. "James, Marquess of Ormonde, Lieutenant-General of his Majestie's army in the kingdom of Ireland of the one part, and Donogh, Viscount Muskery; Sir Lucas Dillon, Knight; Nicholas Plunket, Esquire; Sir Robert Talbot, Baronet; Torlogh O'Neill; Geffry Browne; Ever Mac Gennis, and John Walshe, Esquires: Authorized by his Majestie's Roamn Catholic subjects, of the other part."}} The Confederates agreed to pay the King £30,000 (equivalent to about £{{Inflation|UK|30,000|1643|r=-5|fmt=c}} in {{Inflation/year|UK}}{{Inflation/fn|UK}}) in several instalments.{{Sfn|Carte|1851c|p=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesdukeo03cart/page/263/ 263]|ps=. "... the thirty thousand pounds which by the articles of the cessation was to be paid, half in money and the rest in beeves and ammunition."}} In return, the Confederates gained some degree of diplomatic recognition.{{Sfn|Woolrych|2002|p=[https://archive.org/details/britaininrevolut00wool/page/273/ 273]|ps=. "Ormond's fellow protestant commanders such as Thomond and Inchiquin and Coote had misgivings about his treating with the Confederates, but in accordance with the king's instructions ..."}} The articles of the Cessation{{Sfn|Gilbert|1882b|p=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101042590107&view=2up&seq=531 365–376]}} gave Lismore Castle and Cappoquin to Inchiquin.{{Sfn|Gilbert|1882b|p=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101042590107&view=2up&seq=537 371, line 25]|ps=. "Except Knockmorne, Ardmore, Piltdown, Cappoquin, Ballinetra, Stroncally, Lismore ..."}}

{{CSS image crop|Image=James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde by William Wissing.jpg |bSize=600 |cWidth=180 |cHeight=200 |oTop=60 |oLeft=210 |Location=right |Description=Marquess of Ormond |Alt=A painted portrait of a clean-shaven man with long fair curly hair or such a wig wearing a lace jabot.}}

In November 1643 the Supreme Council appointed seven delegates,{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/64/ 64, line 19]|ps=. "The persons chosen were Lord Muskerry, Antrim's brother Alexander Macdonnell, Sir Robert Talbot, Nicholas Plunkett, Dermot O'Brien, Geoffrey Browne, and Richard Martin."}} with Muskerry as leader,{{Sfn|Gardiner|1886|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofgreatci01garduoft/page/393/ 393]|ps=. "... Muskerry, the principal personage among the Irish agents ..."}} to submit grievances to the King{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n117/ 99]|ps=. "... Muskerry, MacDonnell, Plunket, Sir Robert Talbot, Dermid O'Brien, Richard Martin, and Severinus Browne, formed the deputation, which reached Oxford at the beginning of April, when they laid before his majesty a statement of grievances ..."}} and negotiate a peace treaty. In January 1644 they obtained safe-conducts from the Lords Justices.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/64/ 64, line 23]|ps=. "The Lords Justices granted them with a safe-conduct in January ..."}} It must have been their last days in office as Ormond was sworn-in as lord lieutenant of Ireland on 21 January.{{Sfn|Barnard|2004b|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/156/ 156, left column]|ps=. "Ormond was rewarded by being named by the king as lord lieutenant, and was sworn on 21 January 1644."}} The delegates arrived on 24 March at Oxford where the King held his court.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/64/ 64, line 26]|ps=. "They landed in Cornwall and reached Oxford on March 24 [1644]."}} Muskerry demanded public exercise of the Catholic religion, independence from the English parliament, and full amnesty for their rebellion.{{Sfn|Gardiner|1886|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofgreatci01garduoft/page/392/ 392]|ps=. "... asked for complete liberty for the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland, and for complete independence of the Irish parliament."}}{{Sfn|Corish|1976a|p=[https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofirel0000unse/page/311/ 311, line 18]|ps=. "An act of oblivion for all offences committed ..."}} The King offered Muskerry an earldom, which he refused.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n118/ 100, line 15]|ps=. "An earldom was offered to Muskerry, which he declined ..."}} A competing Irish Protestant delegation arrived on 17 April.{{Sfn|Corish|1976a|p=[https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofirel0000unse/page/311/ 311, line 9]|ps=. "When this Protestant delegation arrived in Oxford on 17 April [1644] ..."}}{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/64/ 64, line 27]|ps=. "As soon as it was known in Ireland that the King would be likely to receive the Confederate agents, the more zealous Protestants began to prepare for a counter-mission. Charles expressed himself ready to hear both sides."}} End of June the Confederate delegates returned to Ireland empty-handed.{{Sfn|Burghclere|1912|p=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesfirs01burg/page/243/ 243]|ps=. "It was at the end of June that the Irish commissioners returned from expounding their views to Charles at Oxford. Their voyage had been distinctly unprofitable."}}

The Cessation allowed the Confederates to focus on their war with the Covenanters in Ulster, who were aligned with the English Parliament.{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|1997|p=67, note 42|ps=. "After the confederates signed the truce with Ormond in September 1643, however, the Scots were the only enemy remaining in the kingdom, until Lord Inchiquin and the Munster garrisons defected from the royalist camp in July 1644."}} Owen Roe O'Neill led the Confederate Ulster army, deployed on that front, but the Supreme Council imposed Castlehaven as general-in-chief for the campaign of 1644.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/57/ 57]|ps=. "After much discussion Castlehaven was chosen, for he was generally liked, and no one suspected him of personal ambition."}} Castlehaven marched north to Charlemont but did not bring the Covenanters to battle.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/60/ 60]|ps=. "Castlehaven lay at Charlemont and Monro at Tanderagee but there was no general action ..."}} In July Inchiquin declared for Parliament,{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/70/ 70]|ps=. "After Marston Moor [July 1644] it became evident that the King was powerless to protect the Irish Protestants, and Inchiquin resolved to throw in his lot with the Parliament."}} reactivating the southern front around the city of Cork,{{Sfn|Coffey|1914|p=[https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/page/149/ 149, line 11]|ps=. "Inchiquin had definitely joined the Parliamentary party, and so was a menace to the peace of the South."}}{{Sfn|Ó hAnnracháin|2008|p=68, line 28|ps=. "... Inchiquin's declaration for parliament in July of that year [1644] reopened the war in the south."}} where the Munster Army was deployed. The fourth general assembly, in July 1644, elected the fourth Supreme Council. Muskerry regained his seat,{{Sfn|Cregan|1995|p=511 top|ps=. "Fourth Supreme Council, July 1644 – Summer 1645 ... Viscount Muskerry ..."}}{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, right column, line 21]|ps=. "At the national level he sat as a member of the third, fourth, fifth, and eighth supreme councils ..."}}{{Sfn|McGrath|1997a|p=203, line 25|ps=. "A member of the third, fourth, fifth and eighth Supreme Councils (1643–6, 1647) ..."}} but Fermoy did not.{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|1997|p=247, note 58|ps=. "Viscount Roche, active on early councils, was effectively replaced in 1643-4 by his great rival, Viscount Muskerry."}} The cessation had a duration of one year, expiring on 15 September 1644. It was extended twice:

by Muskerry and Ormond in August 1644 until 1 December;{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n129/ 111]|ps=. "Muskerry, Sir Robert Talbot, Browne, D'Arcy, Dillon, and Plunket set out on the 31st of August 1644 for Dublin where the cessation was extended to December 1 and subsequently to a longer period."}}{{Sfn|Cusack|1871|p=[https://archive.org/details/compendiumofiris00cusa/page/314/ 314]|ps=. "In August, 1644, the cessation was again renewed by the General Assembly until December, and subsequently for a longer period."}}{{Sfn|Coffey|1914|p=[https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/page/148/ 148, line 14]|ps=. "... continued the cessation from September 15th to December 1st; the Irish Confederates signing it included Muskerry, Plunkett, and others."}} and by Muskerry and Lord Chancellor Bolton in September until 31 January 1645.{{Sfn|Coffey|1914|p=[https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/page/148/ 148, line 18]|ps=. "A conference was held, beginning on Friday September 6th, between Bolton, Lord Chancellor of Ireland and others appointed by Ormond, on the one side, and Muskerry ..."}}{{Sfn|Coffey|1914|p=[https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/page/149/ 149, line 5]|ps=. "... on November 11th the cessation was renewed until January 31, 1645."}}

In the campaign of 1645, Castlehaven commanded the Munster Army in its fight against Inchiquin.{{Sfn|Castlehaven|1815|p=[https://archive.org/details/earlcastlehaven00anglgoog/page/n76/ 54]|ps=. "Towards the spring [1645] the Supreme Council ordered me to go against Inchiquin and to begin the field as early as I could."}}{{Sfn|Ó hAnnracháin|2008|p=68, line 29|ps=. "In 1645 the resources of the entire confederate association were focused on Munster in an attempt to excise the Protestant controlled zone there."}} Under Castlehaven's command Patrick Purcell took Lismore Castle,{{Sfn|Castlehaven|1815|p=[https://archive.org/details/earlcastlehaven00anglgoog/page/n81/ 59]|ps=. "I invested it; and having ordered the batteries, and lieut. general Purcell to command, and try if he could have better success with that place now ..."}}{{Sfn|Adams|1904|p=[https://archive.org/details/castlesofireland00adamiala/page/284/ 284]|ps=. "The following year [1645] the castle was again besieged, this time by troops under Lord Castlehaven. Major Power with a garrison of a hundred of the Earl's tenants managed to kill five hundred of the besiegers and to make terms before they surrendered."}} but Inchiquin doggedly defended the rest.{{Sfn|Murphy|2009|loc=5th paragraph|ps=. "... the confederates missed their opportunity in 1644–6 to make any substantial advance in the province."}} In the fifth general assembly in summer 1645, Muskerry was re-elected to the Supreme Council.{{Sfn|Cregan|1995|p=511 mid|ps=. "Fifth Supreme Council, Summer 1645 – 2 March 1646 ... Viscount Muskerry ..."}}{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, right column, line 21]|ps=. "At the national level he sat as a member of the third, fourth, fifth, and eighth supreme councils ..."}}

File:Giovanni Battista Rinuccini Archbishop or Fermo.png]]

In 1645 the King sent Edward Somerset, Earl of Glamorgan, to Ireland to speed up the peace negotiations with the Confederates.{{Sfn|Joyce|1903|p=[https://archive.org/details/aconcisehistory00joycgoog/page/n213/ 199]|ps=. "The king, finding he could do nothing through Ormond, sent over the earl of Glamorgan in 1645, who made a secret treaty with the confederates."}} Glamorgan was an English Catholic and son of Henry Somerset, 1st Marquess of Worcester, an important royalist.{{Sfn|Roberts|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198614012/page/577/ 577, right column]|ps=. "... the Somerset family was an important financial resource for the king, its estates being valued in December 1641 at between £40,000 to £100,000."}} Ormond sent Glamorgan to Kilkenny with a letter of introduction to Muskerry dated 11 August.{{Sfn|Gardiner|1887|p=703, line 22|ps=. "... but on 11 Aug. Ormond gave him [Glamorgan] a most flattering letter of introduction to Lord Muskerry ..."}} He was received by Mountgarret and Muskerry.{{Sfn|Sullivan|1894|p=[https://archive.org/details/storyofireland00sull/page/369/ 369]|ps=. "Lords Mountgarret and Muskerry met the royal commissioner on the part of the confederation ..."}} On 25 August Glamorgan signed the first Glamorgan Treaty with the Confederates. Muskerry was one of the signatories.{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009b|loc=4th paragraph, 3rd sentence |ps=. "In August 1645 Muskerry and the other confederate commissioners signed a secret peace treaty with Gloamorgan ..."}} The treaty was kept secret.{{Sfn|Roberts|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198614012/page/579/ 579, left column]|ps=. "... he [Glamorgan] had concluded on 25 August a separate secret treaty of his own."}} It ceded to the Catholics the churches that the Confederates had seized since the beginning of the rebellion.{{Sfn|Gardiner|1887|p=703, line 28|ps=. "... to abandon the churches ..."}}{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/88/ 88, line 13]|ps=. "All churches possessed by the Roman Catholics at any time since October 23, 1641, were granted to them ..."}} Sir Charles Coote divulged it in October after he found a copy in the luggage of Malachy Queally, bishop of Tuam, killed in action near Sligo.{{Sfn|Corish|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary45matt/page/668/ 668, left column, line]|ps=. "... he was killed at Ballysadare near Sligo on 25 October [1645] ... a copy of the Glamorgan treaty was found among his effects ..."}} The King disavowed the treaty in January 1646.{{Sfn|Pollard|1898|p=[https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfNationalBiographyVolume53/page/n246/ 234, right column]|ps=. "On the 29th [January 1646] the king disavowed the treaty."}}

In 1645 the pope sent Giovanni Battista Rinuccini as nuncio to the Irish Catholic Confederation.{{Sfn|Tomassetti|2016|ps=. "... l'impegno di I. X [Innocent X] crebbe in Irlanda, dove nell'aprile 1645 fu inviato un nunzio speciale, Giovanni Battista Rinuccini ..."}} Rinuccini landed in October on Ireland's south-west coast with money and weapons.{{Sfn|Coffey|1914|p=[https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/page/152/ 152, line 16]|ps=. "[Rinuccini] ... landed at Kenmare, October, 21st [1645]."}} On his way to Kilkenny, the Confederate capital, Rinuccini visited Macroom Castle where Lady Muskerry and her 11-year-old eldest son, Charles, received him while her husband was negotiating with Ormond in Dublin.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n154/ 136, line 9]|ps=. "At the great gate of Macroom Castle he was received by the Lady Helena Butler, sister to Lord Ormond and wife of Lord Muskerry, who was then in Dublin."}}{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, right column, line 29]|ps=. "... his [Donough's] wife and son, Charles, welcomed the papal nuncio Rinuccini to their castle at Macroom shortly after his arrival in Ireland in October 1645."}} The nuncio stayed for four days{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n154/ 136, line 22]|ps=. "Having passed four days in Macroom ..."}} and then continued to Kilkenny arriving on 12 November.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/102/ 102]|ps=. "He reached Kilkenny November 12 [1645] ..."}}

In town, the nuncio was attended to by Muskerry, who had just returned from Dublin, and by General Preston.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n158/ 140, line 6]|ps=. "The religious ceremonies concluded, the Nunzio retired to the residence provided for him and was waited on by Lord Muskerry and General Preston."}} They accompanied him to Kilkenny Castle for his official reception by Mountgarret{{Sfn|Aiazza|1873|p=[https://archive.org/details/3773599/page/91/ 91, line 15]|ps=. "My first visit to the Supreme Council passed in the following manner:—General Preston and Lord Muskerry ... waited upon me for the part of the Council, upon which I set off on foot accompanied by all the nobility ..."}} and escorted him back to his residence.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n159/ 141, line 17]|ps=. "On conclusion of these formalities, the Nunzio, accompanied by Muskerry and Preston, withdrew ..."}}

The Confederate assembly on 6 March 1646 authorised its delegates to conclude a peace with Ormond.{{Sfn|Coonan|1954|p=[https://archive.org/details/irishcatholiccon0000thom/page/228/ 228]|ps=. "... the Assembly had on March 6, 1646 delegated authority to the Confederate agents to conclude peace with Ormond ..."}} Muskerry signed the "First Ormond Peace" on 28 March 1646 for the Confederates.{{Sfn|Coffey|1914|p=[https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/page/171/ 171]|ps=. "A peace was signed on March 28th, 1646 without the Nuncio's knowledge."}} The treaty's 30 articles{{Sfn|Coffey|1914|pp=[https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/page/171/ 171–172]}} covered civil rights, but left the religious ones to be decided by a future Irish parliament.{{Sfn|Gardiner|1893a|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofgreatci03garduoft/page/55/ 55]|ps=. "The articles of the treaty which related to the civil government were signed on March 28 [1646]."}} The parties agreed to defer the treaty's publication for now.{{Sfn|Coffey|1914|p=[https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/page/174/ 174, line 10]|ps=. "[the peace] was not to be published until the 1st of May, owing to the agreement made with Rinuccini and Glamorgan. But even then it was not published, as Ormond wished for directions from Charles. It was therefore arranged to postpone the publication until August 13th."}}{{Sfn|Corish|1976b|p=[https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofirel0000unse/page/320/ 320, line 14]|ps=. "The treaty was not to be published yet, but Ormond had declared that he could not wait beyond 1 May ..."}}

According to the treaty, the Confederates were expected to send an Irish army of 10,000 men, about half the Confederate army, to England before 1 May, but by then it was already too late. Bristol had fallen in September 1645{{Sfn|Atkinson|1911|p=416 upper|ps=. "... on the night of the 9th–10th [September] Fairfax's army stormed Bristol. Rupert had long realized the hopelessness ..."}} and Chester in February 1646,{{Sfn|Woolrych|2002|p=[https://archive.org/details/britaininrevolut00wool/page/343/ 343]|ps=. "Ormond did sign a treaty with Confederate delegates in March 1646, though nothing concrete was to come of it, since Chester surrendered in February."}} depriving the King of his main harbours on the Irish sea.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n197/ 179]|ps=. "... news of the capture of Chester by the parliament. There was now no place where the Irish could land ..."}}{{Sfn|Atkinson|1911|p=416 lower|ps=. "Chester, the only important seaport remaining to connect Charles with Ireland ..."}} Admiral Richard Swanley and Captain William Penn patrolled the sea with the Irish Squadron of the Parliamentarian Navy.{{Sfn|Street|1988|p=[https://archive.org/details/uncommonsailorpo00stre/page/27/ 27]|ps=. "On 3rd June Penn wrote 'The admiral gave me a warrant to go an board and take possession of the Happy Entrance, Regis, and so to be his Vice-Admiral ...' "}} Muskerry wrote to Ormond on 3 April that the Irish army's expedition to England had to be abandoned.{{Sfn|Gardiner|1893a|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofgreatci03garduoft/page/56/ 56]|ps=. "On April 3 Muskerry wrote to Ormond that the expedition must be abandoned ..."}} The First English Civil War ended shortly after the First Ormond Peace was signed. The Scots took the King into custody on 5 May.{{Sfn|Atkinson|1911|p=417|ps=. "He came to the camp of the Scottish army at Southwell on May 5, 1646."}}

File:bunrattybig.jpg, captured by Muskerry in 1646]]

As the Confederates sent no troops to the King, their armies kept their full strength. The Munster Army, under Glamorgan, favoured by Rinuccini, was sent to besiege Bunratty Castle near Limerick,{{Sfn|Aiazza|1873|p=[https://archive.org/details/3773599/page/155/ 155, letter by Rinuccini to Cardinal Pamphili, dated 28 March 1646]|ps=. "The Earl of Glamorgan, who went to Limerick to punish the defection of the Earl of Thomond, has we hear already besieged the palace in which the Earl had admitted the Parliamentarians ..."}} into which the 6th Earl of Thomond, a Protestant, had admitted a Parliamentarian garrison in March 1646.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/115/ 115]|ps=. "Thomond surrendered Bunratty to the Parliament in March 1646."}}{{Sfn|Gardiner|1893a|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofgreatci03garduoft/page/54/ 54, line 16]|ps=. "A Parliamentary squadron had sailed up the estuary of the Shannon and had seized Bunratty Castle, a few miles below Limerick."}} The Confederates lacked money to pay their army.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/117/ 117, line=4]|ps=. "... the siege of Bunratty was likely to be raised for want of money to pay the soldiers."}} After a setback on 1 April, in which the garrison drove the besiegers from their camp at Sixmilebridge,{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/116/ 116, in the margin]|ps=. "Fight at Sixmilebridge, April 1."}} the Supreme Council replaced Glamorgan with Muskerry at the end of May.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n208/ 190]|ps=. "Reverting to the operations before Bunratty, it is necessary to state that the detachments that Glamorgan was to have brought to England had failed to reduce the place, and that he himself was driven from his camp ... the command then devolved to Lord Muskerry ..."}}{{Sfn|Coonan|1954|p=[https://archive.org/details/irishcatholiccon0000thom/page/224/ 224]|ps=. "To the end of May the Supreme Council at Limerick appointed Muskerry commander of the confederate force besieging Bunratty."}} Muskerry had Lieutenant-General Purcell, Major-General Stephenson, and Colonel Purcell under him{{Sfn|O'Donoghue|1860|p=[https://archive.org/details/historicalmemoi00odogoog/page/n312/ 274, line 5]|ps=. "He [Muskerry] had under him lieutenant-general Purcell, major-general Stephenson, and colonel Purcell, all of them officers trained in the great struggle known since as the thirty years' war."}} with three Leinster regiments and all the Munster forces.{{Sfn|Gilbert|1879|p=[https://archive.org/details/acontemporaryhi00socigoog/page/n202/ 106]|ps=. "... my lord of Muskry to goe and leager Bonratty with 3 Linster regiments of foote and 300 horse, and all the Munster forces."}} The castle's defences had been modernised by surrounding the castle proper, essentially a big tower house, with modern earthworks and forts defended by cannons.{{Sfn|Street|1988|p=[https://archive.org/details/uncommonsailorpo00stre/page/38/ 38]|ps=. "As well as the circle of earthworks and the tidal marshland the castle stood on high ground and had its own defence of a high earth mound."}} These fortifications abutted on the sea and Bunratty was supported by a small squadron of the Parliamentarian Navy under now-Vice-Admiral Penn. On 9 May, Lord Thomond left Bunratty for England by sea.{{Sfn|Street|1988|p=[https://archive.org/details/uncommonsailorpo00stre/page/38/ 39]|ps=. "At length, on the 9 May, Lord Thomond embarked on a ship that was to sail to Cork ..."}} On 13 June arrived the news of Owen Roe O'Neill's victory over the Covenanters at Benburb,{{Sfn|O'Donoghue|1860|p=[https://archive.org/details/historicalmemoi00odogoog/page/n312/ 274, line 36]|ps=. "... returned to Limerick on the 13th of June, bringing with him the news of this victory [Benburb] ..."}}{{Sfn|Cusack|1871|p=[https://archive.org/details/compendiumofiris00cusa/page/317/ 317]|ps=. "... encamped at Benburb. Here, on the 5th of June A.D. 1646 he [Owen Roe O'Neill] won a victory ..."}} won with the financial support from the nuncio.{{Sfn|Hayes-McCoy|1990|p=[https://archive.org/details/irishbattlesmili0000haye/page/182/ 182]|ps=. "The nuncio's supplies made possible the battle of Benburb ..."}} At the end of June Rinuccini came and paid the soldiers £600 (equivalent of about £{{Inflation|UK|600|1646|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{Inflation/year|UK}}{{Inflation/fn|UK}}),{{Sfn|O'Donoghue|1860|p=[https://archive.org/details/historicalmemoi00odogoog/page/n311/ 273]|ps=. "... he brought to Bunratty the sum of six hundred pounds ..."}} exhausting the last of his funds.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/117/ 117, line 7]|ps=. "The nuncio went himself to the camp at the end of June with all that remained of the Pope's money ..."}} Muskerry brought two heavy cannons from Limerick for the siege.{{Sfn|O'Donoghue|1860|p=[https://archive.org/details/historicalmemoi00odogoog/page/n312/ 274, line 15]|ps=. "... it was resolved to send for two heavy pieces of cannon to Limerick ..."}} His rivals accused him of having spared the castle because Thomond was his uncle.{{Sfn|Adams|1904|p=[https://archive.org/details/castlesofireland00adamiala/page/69/ 69, line 12]|ps=. "... Muskerry, who seems to have been only half-hearted in attacking his uncle's property ..."}} When on 1 July a chance shot through a window killed McAdam, the Parliamentarian commander,{{Sfn|Street|1988|p=[https://archive.org/details/uncommonsailorpo00stre/page/41/ 41, line 22]|ps=. "It was on 1st July [1746] that the tragedy occurred ... Colonel MacAdams rose ... and passing a window when a shot passed through it and killed him."}} Muskerry pressed on{{Sfn|Adams|1904|p=[https://archive.org/details/castlesofireland00adamiala/page/69/ 69, line 27]|ps=. "When Muskerry heard this, he decided to attack in force 'knowing how much discouraged they were at the loss of so valiant a person.' "}} and the castle capitulated on 14 July.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/117/ 117]|ps=. "On July 14 [1646] the garrison capitulated and were carried off in Penn's boats."}} The garrison was evacuated to Cork by the Parliamentarian Navy, but had to leave arms, ammunition, and provisions behind.{{Sfn|Adams|1904|p=[https://archive.org/details/castlesofireland00adamiala/page/69/ 69, line 30]|ps=. "... the garrison capitulated for their lives, and the officers their swords, and returned to Cork by water. This was in 1646."}}{{Sfn|Coffey|1914|p=[https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/page/179/ 179, line 12]|ps=. "... the garrison escaped with their lives, but leaving arms, ammunition and provisions in the hands of the Irish."}}

Early in 1646, while Muskerry was at the siege of Bunratty, Broghill with a Parliamentarian force from Cork captured Blarney Castle.{{Sfn|Smith|1893|p=[https://archive.org/details/ancientandprese00socigoog/page/n96/ 90]|ps=. "In the beginning of the year [1646], Lord Broghill took the castle of Blarney ..."}}{{Sfn|Adams|1904|p=[https://archive.org/details/castlesofireland00adamiala/page/61/ 61]|ps=. "... in 1646 Lord Broghill, afterwards Earl of Orrery, took the castle of Blarney and made it his headquarters."}} It must have been a bold coup as Muskerry was accused of having betrayed the castle.{{Sfn|Gilbert|1879|p=[https://archive.org/details/acontemporaryhi00socigoog/page/n218/ 122, line 34]|ps=. "... notice came to Muskry residinge then at the siedge of Bonratty, that Mallarny [Blarney] was taken by a partie of Insichuynes horse ..."}}

In May, Lady Muskerry, with her children was brought to Dublin for their security. Similar rescues were organised for her mother, Lady Thurles, and her sisters, Lady Hamilton and Lady Loughmoe.{{R|Manning}}

Muskerry and Ormond confirmed and signed the First Ormond Peace again in July 1646.{{Sfn|Webb|1878|p=[https://archive.org/details/acompendiumiris00webbgoog/page/n66/ 58, right column]|ps=. "... on 29th July 1646 a 'peace' was concluded by the Marquis [Ormond] on behalf of the King, and by Muskerry on behalf of the Confederates."}} The peace was thus concluded twice: on 28 March and in July 1646.{{Sfn|Coonan|1954|p=[https://archive.org/details/irishcatholiccon0000thom/page/241/ 241]|ps=. "Either the peace was concluded March 28, 1646 or July 20, 1646."}} Muskerry got the treaty ratified by a vote in the Supreme Council despite the nuncio's opposition. Ormond had it proclaimed in Dublin on 30 July{{Sfn|Wedgwood|1978|p=[https://archive.org/details/kingswar164116470000wedg/page/570/ 570, line 30]|ps=. "On July 30 Lord Muskerry and his colleagues having ratified the treaty in defiance of the Nuncio, Ormonde had it formally proclaimed in Dublin."}}{{Sfn|Dunlop|1906|p=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgemodernh0004unse/page/530/ 530, line 16]|ps=. "... the Supreme Council passed a resolution authorising the ratification and publication of the peace. The resolution had been carried in face of the fiercest opposition of the Nuncio."}} and the Supreme Council did so in Kilkenny on 3 August.{{Sfn|O Callaghan|1990|p=[https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1990/b1990-003.pdf#page=6 34, left column]|ps=. "Thus when Ormond published the peace on 30 July and the Supreme Council did so at Kilkenny on 5 August ..."}}

Rinuccini held a meeting of the clergy at Waterford, which on 12 August 1646 condemned the treaty.{{Sfn|Dunlop|1906|p=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgemodernh0004unse/page/530/ 530, line 28]|ps=. " ... convoked a meeting of the clergy to Waterford, where on August 12 a resolution was passed condemning the peace and forbidding its proclamation under pain of excommunication ..."}} Rinuccini then excommunicated Muskerry and others who supported it.{{Sfn|Ó hAnnracháin|2008|p=66, line 24|ps=. "... the need to distinguish between the two great excommunication crises of 1646 and 1648 ..."}}{{Sfn|Ó hAnnracháin|2008|p=69, line 18|ps=. "During August and September [1646] the Irish clergy, marshalled and led by the papal nuncio, first denounced the peace and then excommunicated all who supported it."}} On 18 September, Rinuccini overturned the Confederate government in a coup d'état{{Sfn|Dunlop|1906|p=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgemodernh0004unse/page/530/ 530, line 33]|ps=. "On September 18 Rinuccini entered Kilkenny in triumph ... It was a most successful coup d'état ..."}} with help of the Ulster Army, which Owen Roe O'Neill had marched to Leinster.{{Sfn|Casway|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613911/page/854/ 854, left column, line 27]|ps=. "By the end of August 1646 O'Neill had directed his forces to Kilkenny to support the position of the nuncio ..."}} On 26 September{{Sfn|Carte|1851c|p=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesdukeo03cart/page/266/ 266]|ps=. "... on the 26th [September 1646] by a solemn decree [Rinuccini] appointed a new council consisting of four bishops and eight laymen ..."}} Rinuccini made himself president and appointed a new, the seventh, Supreme Council{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n214/ 196]|ps=. "... chose a new council composed of four bishops and eight laymen with himself as president."}}{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|1997|p=242, line 10|ps=. "when the clerical faction seized power later that same year [1646], they appointed a new council of 17, the first and only occasion the General Assembly was not involved in the procedure."}} in which sat Glamorgan, Fermoy, and Owen Roe O'Neill.{{Sfn|Cregan|1995|p=511 low|ps=. "Seventh Supreme Council: 17 September 1646 – 17 March 1647 (17 members) ... Archbishop Giovanni Battista Rinuccini (president) ... Earl of Glamorgan ... Viscount Roche ... Owen Roe O'Neill ..."}} Rinuccini arrested Muskerry, Richard Bellings, and other Ormondist members of the previous Supreme Council.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/129/ 129]|ps=. "Rinuccini then proceeded to imprison the old Supreme Council. Mountgarret's eldest son Edmond, Belling, the secretary and historian, Lord Muskerry ... were among those confined in the castle."}} Most were detained in Kilkenny Castle, but Muskerry was put under house arrest.{{Sfn|Coonan|1954|p=[https://archive.org/details/irishcatholiccon0000thom/page/234/ 234]|ps=. "Mountgarret was set at large, but all the others were jailed at the castle, except Muskerry who was put under house arrest."}}{{Sfn|Hickson|1884b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandinsevente02hick/page/197/ 197]|ps=. "... the Nuncio and his party prosecuted ... him, the Lord Muskerry for insisting on the peace and seized on him and Sir Robert Talbot ... etc., who were kept prisoners at Kilkenny "}} Muskerry had to cede the command of the Munster Army to Glamorgan.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n214/ 196, line 32]|ps=. "Having removed Muskerry from the command of the confederates in Munster and appointed Glamorgan in his stead ..."}} Being under arrest in Kilkenny Muskerry missed out on the attempted siege of Dublin by Owen Roe O'Neill and Preston in November 1646.{{Sfn|Carte|1851c|p=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesdukeo03cart/page/274/ 274]|ps=. "... on Nov. 2 [1646] the two generals joined in sending propositions to the lord lieutenant, demanding the admission of Roman Catholic garrisons into Dublin ..."}}{{Sfn|Carte|1851c|p=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesdukeo03cart/page/276/ 276]|ps=. "Preston came with his army to Lucan on Nov. 9, the nuncio arrived there on the 11th"}}{{Sfn|Carte|1851c|p=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesdukeo03cart/page/278/ 278]|ps=. "... on the 16th a person came to the door with intelligence that the English forces were landed and received in Dublin. O'Neile ... decamped in the night with his army ..."}}

Having failed to take Dublin, Rinuccini released Muskerry and other political prisoners as demanded by Nicholas Plunkett,{{Sfn|Aiazza|1873|p=[https://archive.org/details/3773599/page/347/ 347, letter by Rinuccini to Cardinal Panzirolo, dated 24 December 1647]|ps=. "... It was principally owing to Plunket that those who lent a hand to the peace were released last year from prison ..."}} and called a general assembly, which met on 10 January 1647 in Kilkenny.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/137/ 137]|ps=. "The Confederate assembly met at Kilkenny on January 10 [1647] ..."}} It lasted until the beginning of April. The assembly elected a new Supreme Council, the eighth, with the Marquess of Antrim as president.{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/309/ 309, left column, last paragraph]|ps=. "In March the general assembly elected him [Antrim] president of the new supreme council ..."}} It was dominated by the clerical faction but also included Muskerry{{Sfn|Cregan|1995|p=511 bottom|ps=. "Eighth Supreme Council: 17 March – 12 November 1647 (21 members) ... Marquis of Antrim (president) ... Viscount Muskerry ..."}}{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, right column, line 21]|ps=. "At the national level he sat as a member of the third, fourth, fifth, and eighth supreme councils ..."}} and three other Ormondists.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n229/ 211, line 25]|ps=. "A new Supreme Council of twenty-four was now elected; all of whom, with the exception of Muskerry and three others, were inflexibly opposed to the Marquess of Ormond."}}

The Supreme Council had in 1647 confirmed Glamorgan, who had become the 2nd Marquess of Worcester in December 1646,{{Sfn|McGettigan|2009|loc=5th paragraph, last sentence|ps=. "On the death of his father in December 1646 he became marquess of Worcester"}} as general of the Munster Army,{{Sfn|McGettigan|2009|loc=6th paragraph|ps=. "In the same year [1647] he [Worcester] was appointed General of Munster by the confederate supreme council ..."}} but the Confederation lacked the funds to pay the army.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n233/ 215, line 7]|ps=. "... the want of money and provisions ... Fifty thousand dollars, forwarded by the Holy See for the confederate armies, were still on the coast of France; but the Parliamentary cruisers stood in the way ..."}} Worcester was unpopular with the troops{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n233/ 215, line 22]|ps=. "... the army reluctantly obeyed the Englishman [Worcester] who had superseded Muskerry."}} and the Munster gentry{{Sfn|Warner|1768|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyrebellio01warngoog/page/n128/ 121, line 12]|ps=. "But the gentry of the province considered this as an affront, to have a stranger put upon them;"}} because he was English. Several regiments mutinied demanding that Muskerry should be appointed general.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n233/ 215, line 24]|ps=. "Several regiments mutinied demanding that the latter [Muskerry] should be re-appointed ..."}} Three Dominican chaplains of the army insinuated that killing Muskerry would not be a sin.{{Sfn|Aiazza|1873|p=[https://archive.org/details/3773599/page/303/ 303, line 17, letter by Rinucci to Cardinal Panzirolo, dated 22 August 1647]|ps=. "... three dominicans, chaplains in the army, began to insinuate that it would be allowable to murder the Commissioners and Muskerry ..."}} One of them was Patrick Hackett,{{Sfn|Ó hAnnracháin|2008|p=66, line 3|ps=. "... one of the friars in question was ... Patricius Hacquettus ..."}} a Gaelic poet.{{Sfn|Morley|2016|p=329|ps=. "... the poetry of Pádraigín Haicéad, an Old English priest from Tipperary, who spent some time in Louvain and hailed the outbreak of the 1641 rebellion in [Gaelic] verse: Caithfid fir Éireann uile& ..."}} Gaelic was still the predominant language among the rank and file.{{Sfn|Ó Cuív|1976|p=[https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofirel0000unse/page/529 529]|ps=. "Although at the beginning of the seventeenth century Irish had not lost its dominant position, there is no doubt that the confiscations and plantations that accompanied the Elizabethan conquest left the way open for the spread of English."}}{{Sfn|Morley|2016|p=335|ps=. "Although it is true that English spread from east to west, it also spread from the top to the bottom of society: if the gentry acquired English in the seventeenth century, the rural middle class followed suit in the eighteenth ..."}}

Early in June 1647 the Supreme Council met at Clonmel near the Munster Army's camp.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n233/ 215, line 15]|ps=. "In the beginning of June, the supreme council proceeded to Clonmel ..."}} On 12 June Muskerry, together with Patrick Purcell, rode over from the council meeting to the army's camp{{Sfn|Gilbert|1879|p=[https://archive.org/details/acontemporaryhi00socigoog/page/n237/ 141]|ps=. "My lord Muskry ... with Lieutenant Generall Pursell in his company ... putts himself in posture on a hill in sight of the armie ..."}} where the troops acclaimed him as their leader and turned Worcester out of his command.{{Sfn|Warner|1768|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyrebellio01warngoog/page/n128/ 121, line 25]|ps=. "In the mean time he [Muskerry] repaired to the army, where he had great interest; and in an hour's time they declared for him, and turned Lord Glamorgan out of this command."}} The Supreme Council ignored Muskerry's de facto take-over, upheld Worcester as the de jure commander who then passed the command officially to Muskerry.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n233/ 215]|ps=. "... Glamorgan by way of reparation to his honour, was reinstated for a few days, and then ceded the command to Muskerry"}}{{Sfn|Aiazza|1873|p=[https://archive.org/details/3773599/page/268/ 268, letter by Rinuccini to Cardinal Pamphili, dated 25 March 1647]|ps=. "... In Munster a plot has been discovered, headed by Viscount Muskerry, against the Marquess of Worcester who is general there, and prosecuted with so much ardour that it may cause the loss of the whole province ..."}} Early in August Muskerry handed the command over to Theobald Viscount Taaffe of Corren.{{Sfn|Coffey|1914|p=[https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/page/194/ 194]|ps=. "Early in August [1647] Muskerry laid down his command, which was given to Lord Taaffe."}}{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/152/ 152]|ps=. "Muskerry, having got rid of Glamorgan, ... handed over the command in Munster to Taaffe."}} Neither Worcester, nor Muskerry, nor Taaffe stopped Inchiquin, who took Cappoquin and Dungarvan in May{{Sfn|Bagwell|1895|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati41stepuoft/page/323/ 323, left column, line 14]|ps=. "Cappoquin and Dromana against which he had cherished designs since 1642 were easily taken. There was a little fighting at Dungarvan ... This was early in May."}} and sacked Cashel in September.{{Sfn|Meehan|1882|p=[https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/page/n243/ 225, line 9]|ps=. "His [Inchiquin's] third raid on the Cathedral and city of Cashel, in Sept. (1647) ..."}}

Meanwhile, on 6 June 1647, Ormond had accepted Colonel Michael Jones with 2,000 Parliamentarian troops into Dublin. On 28 July, Ormond handed Dublin over to the Parliamentarians and left for England.{{Sfn|Airy|1886|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati08stepuoft/page/56/ 56, left column]|ps=. "On the 28th [July 1647] Ormonde delivered up the regalia and sailed for England, landing at Bristol on 2 Aug."}}{{Sfn|Webb|1878|p=[https://archive.org/details/acompendiumiris00webbgoog/page/n67/ 59, left column, line 45]|ps=. "On 28th of July the Marquis, leaving the Viceregal regalia to be delivered to the Parliamentarian commissioners, took ship at Dublin and landed at Bristol after a five-days passage."}} In August Preston tried to march on Dublin with the Leinster army, but Jones defeated him at Dungan's Hill.{{Sfn|Mangianiello|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=an-eXXA3DBMC&pg=170 171]|ps=. "Dungan Hill Date: August 8, 1647 ..."}} Muskerry called in Owen Roe O'Neill to defend Leinster.{{Sfn|Aiazza|1873|p=[https://archive.org/details/3773599/page/309/ 309, letter by Rinuccini to Cardinal Pamphili, dated 29 August 1647]|ps=. "... in consequence of Preston's defeat in Leinster, Muskerry had been obliged to invite O'Neill, and to throw himself on his protection;"}} In November, Taaffe lost the Battle of Knocknanuss against Inchiquin.{{Sfn|Coffey|1914|p=[https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/page/194/ 195]|ps=. "The army then moved to Knocknanuss or Knock-na-gaoll, where on November 13th [1647] Taaffe was routed by Inchiquin."}}

Towards the end of 1647, the Supreme Council sent Muskerry, Geoffrey Browne, and the Marquess of Antrim to negotiate with the exiled Queen Henrietta Maria, at the Château-Neuf de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France. They wanted to invite the Prince of Wales, the future Charles II, then aged 17, to Ireland,{{Sfn|Hill|1873|p=[https://archive.org/details/historicalacmacd00hill/page/274/ 274, footnote 53]|ps=. "Towards the close of the year 1647, the Catholics met in Kilkenny, and agreed that, as all access to the captive king was forbidden, they would invite the prince his son to come to Ireland ... The commissioners appointed were the marquess of Antrim, lord Muskerry, and Mr. Geoffrey Browne."}} and negotiate another peace to replace the one concluded with Ormond.{{Sfn|Gardiner|1893b|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofgreatci04garduoft/page/109/ 109]|ps=. "... sending three commissioners to France with the twofold objective of inviting the Prince of Wales to Ireland ... and of coming to an agreement with the queen on terms of peace which might supersede those formerly arranged with Ormond."}} In February 1648 Ormond left England{{Sfn|Airy|1886|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati08stepuoft/page/56/ 56, left column, line 37]|ps=. "Warned in February 1647-8 that the parliament intended to seize his person, he escaped to France ..."}} and joined the Queen. Antrim departed before Muskerry and Browne and arrived early in March.{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2001|p=205|ps=. "Antrim and the abbot made excellent progress and were in St Germain, near Paris, by early March, arriving shortly after Ormond himself."}} Muskerry and Browne departed in February{{Sfn|Burghclere|1912|p=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesfirs01burg/page/341/ 341]|ps=. "... Muskerry and Geoffrey Brown, who, in February 1648, set sail for France."}} and had reached Saint-Germain by 23 March.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/162/ 162]|ps=. "Muskerry and Brown reached St. Malo on March 14, and on April 2 made written proposals to the Queen and Prince."}} On 24 March 1648, the Queen received the three envoys in an audience.{{Sfn|Corish|1976b|p=[https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofirel0000unse/page/327/ 327, line 18]|ps=. "The three envoys, including Antrim, were received in formal audience by the queen on 3 April 1648 (N.S.)."}} However, 1648 was the year of the Second English Civil War{{Sfn|Seaward|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_019861361x/page/124/ 124, left column, line 36]|ps=. "In May [1648] pro-royalist risings broke out in a number of places in England and Wales, and part of the English fleet defected to the king. At the end of June Prince Charles prepared to join the action ..."}} and plans were made for the Prince of Wales to go to Scotland to support the Engagers rather than to go to Ireland, but eventually, he stayed in France.{{Sfn|Seaward|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_019861361x/page/124/ 124, right column, top]|ps=. "The invitation to Prince Charles was withdrawn [by the Scots]."}} With regard to a new peace, Antrim, representing the clerical faction, insisted that no peace should be accepted in Ireland without the pope's approval and that a Catholic lord lieutenant should be appointed,{{Sfn|Gardiner|1893b|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofgreatci04garduoft/page/162/ 162, line 28]|ps=. "... Antrim was steadfast in declaring that no terms of peace would be accepted in Ireland until they had received the approval of the Pope and that it was absolutely necessary that a Catholic Lord-Lieutenant should be appointed;"}} an office he hoped to obtain for himself.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/172/ 172, last line]|ps=. "Antrim was much disgusted at not having been made Lord Lieutenant ..."}}

On 3 April 1648, Inchiquin changed sides, leaving the Parliamentarians and declaring for the king.{{Sfn|Gardiner|1893b|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofgreatci04garduoft/page/110/ 111]|ps=. "Inchiquin had, on April 3, openly declared for the King ..."}} Muskerry convinced the Queen to appoint Ormond as lord lieutenant and accept Inchiquin as an ally.{{Sfn|Gardiner|1893b|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofgreatci04garduoft/page/162/ 162]|ps=. "Muskerry and Brown urged Henrietta Maria to appoint Ormond Lord Lieutenant without waiting for the pope's approbation and to sanction an understanding between Inchiquin and the Confederates. After some hesitation the Queen gave her decision in favour of the latter policy."}} Muskerry returned to Ireland in June to prepare for Ormond's arrival.{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009b|loc=7th paragraph|ps=. "Muskerry sailed for Ireland in June to prepare the ground for Ormond's return ...}} Ormond landed at Cork in September.{{Sfn|Airy|1886|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati08stepuoft/page/56/ 56, left column, line 50]|ps=. "... and in August, he [Ormond] himself began his journey thither. On leaving Havre, he was shipwrecked and had to wait in that port for some weeks; but at the end of September he again embarked, arriving at Cork on the 29th."}} Muskerry was made Irish lord high admiral and president of the high Court of Admiralty.{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, right column, line 24]|ps=. "... president of the confederate high court of admiralty."}} In November he signed letters of marque for the privateers Mary of Antrim and the St John of Waterford.{{Sfn|Murphy|2012a|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=hDVIAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA122 122, line 21]|ps=. "Donough MacCarthy, viscount Muskerry, the Irish lord high admiral, also gave out commissions solely under his name like those from November 1648 for the Mary of Antrim and the St John of Waterford."}}

In January 1649, the Second Ormond Peace was signed.{{Sfn|Moody|Martin|2001|p=[https://archive.org/details/courseofirishhis0000unse_l7m3/page/406/ 406, line 5]|ps=. "Second 'Ormond peace' with the Confederates (17 Jan. [1649])"}} The Irish Catholic Confederation was dissolved,{{Sfn|Duffy|2002|p=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto0000duff/page/114/ 114, line 38]|ps=. "The confederacy was dissolved ..."}} and replaced with a provisional royalist government.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/175/ 175, line 17]|ps=. "The confederacy was dissolved and the powers of provisional government vested in twelve lay notables, of whom three were peers ..."}} Power was handed to 12 Commissioners of Trust.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/175/ 175, Footnote]|ps=. "The Commissioners of Trust were Viscounts Dillon and Muskerry, Lord Athenry, Alexander MacDonnell, Sirs Lucas Dillon, Nicholas Plunket, and Richard Barnewall, Geoffrey Browne, Donough O'Callaghan, Turlagh O'Neill, Miles O'Reilly, and Gerald Fennell Esquires."}} Muskerry was one of them.{{Sfn|Godwin|1827|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.37706/page/n156/ 138]|ps=. "... it recognized a body of twelve commissioners with the Lords Dillon of Costello and Muskerry at their head ..."}}

On 15 August 1649, Oliver Cromwell landed in Dublin.{{Sfn|Coffey|1914|p=[https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/page/213/ 213]|ps=. "Cromwell landed in Dublin on August 15th [1649]."}} He wanted to avenge the uprising of 1641, confiscate enough Irish Catholic-owned land to pay off the English Parliament's debts, and eliminate a dangerous outpost of royalism.{{Sfn|Corish|1976c|p=[https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofirel0000unse/page/337/ 337]|ps=. "After the execution of the King [by Parliament] it was necessary to secure the new English state from royalist dangers from Ireland and Scotland. Ireland was given priority. The enclaves held by Parliament were threatened by the Royalists' forces now united under Ormonde; satisfaction was due to the Adventurers, who had invested money in the reconquest of Ireland on the strength of acts passed by Parliament in 1642; and vengeance had to be exacted for what was now unquestionably accepted as the planned general massacre of 1641"}}

File:Edmund Ludlow.JPG]]

In April 1650, Muskerry lost Macroom Castle. An Irish force raised by Fermoy{{Sfn|Carte|1851c|p=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesdukeo03cart/page/538/ 539]|ps=. "The marquess of Ormond then desired the lord Roche to raise a body of men in his country and attempt the relief of the place [Clonmel]."}} and Boetius MacEgan, Catholic Bishop of Ross, tried to relieve the Siege of Clonmel. Led by Colonel David Roche and the bishop, this force passed by Macroom and camped in the castle's park. Macroom's garrison burned the castle and joined Roche's force,{{Sfn|Adams|1904|p=[https://archive.org/details/castlesofireland00adamiala/page/290/ 290]|ps=. "Upon approach of Lord Broghill with a body of horse, the garrison in the castle set fire to it and joined the main body encamped outside."}}{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/223/ 223]|ps=. "... they burned Muskerry's castle at Macroom and assembled in the park. They were raw levies and probably badly armed, for they were routed in a very short time."}} Cromwell sent Broghill to intercept the Irish, which were routed in the Battle of Macroom on 10 April.{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/223/ 223, in the margin]|ps=. "Battle of Macroom, 10 April 1650"}}{{Sfn|Coffey|1914|p=[https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/page/221/ 221]|ps=. "In April [1650] an Irish force had been defeated at Macroom by Broghill."}}{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009e|loc=Middle of the 1st paragraph|ps=. "Undeterred, he raised an army with Boetius McEgan, bishop of Ross, but their defeat by Roger Boyle, Lord Broghill, at Macroom (10 April 1650) effectively ended organised confederate resistance in south Munster."}} Clonmel surrendered to Cromwell in May.{{Efn|The date of the surrender varies with authors and is either 10 or 18 May 1650.{{Sfn|Belloc|1934|p=[https://archive.org/details/cromwell0000unse/page/259/ 259]|ps=. "... left the townsmen free to surrender if they would, but not until he should have marched his men out of the town by night ... not till this was fully accomplished did the Mayor send to Cromwell for a parley. It was the 10th of May, 1650."}}{{Sfn|Burke|1907|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyclonmel00burkgoog/page/n100/ 78]|ps=. "Articles were made between the Lord Leifetenant [i.e. Cromwell] and the Inhabitants thereof touching the reddition thereof, May the 18th, 1650."}}}} Cromwell had to hurry away to counter a threat from Scotland{{Sfn|Ashley|1954|p=[https://archive.org/details/cromwellsgeneral0000ashl/page/76/ 76, last line]|ps=. "... when Cromwell was recalled to England on account of the threat from Scotland ..."}}{{Sfn|Morrill|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613644/page/337/ 337, right column]|ps=. "Cromwell was recalled from Ireland specifically to command the New Model Army ... in a war with the Scots."}} and passed the Irish command to Henry Ireton on 19 May.{{Sfn|Belloc|1934|p=[https://archive.org/details/cromwell0000unse/page/260/ 260]|ps=. "He sailed on the 19th of May [1650] from Youghal, handing over his command to his son-in-law, Ireton."}}

In April 1651 Ulick Burke, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde, appointed Muskerry supreme commander in Munster.{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009b|loc=8th paragraph, 4th sentence |ps=. In April 1651 Ormond's deputy, Ulick Burke (qv), marquis of Clanricarde, granted him supreme command in Munster, in the absence of James Tuchet (qv), earl of Castlehaven" ..."}} Muskerry tried to relieve the Siege of Limerick, but Broghill intercepted and defeated him on 26 July 1651{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/268/ 268, (In the margin)]|ps=. "His (Broghill's) victory near Kanturk, July 26 [1651]."}} at the Battle of Knocknaclashy (also called Knockbrack), near Dromagh Castle, west of Kanturk,{{Sfn|Cokayne|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/214/ 214, line 24]|ps=. "... he [Muskerry] was severely defeated by Lord Broghill in June 1651, near Dromagh ..."}}{{Sfn|Gibson|1861b|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofcountyc02gibsiala/page/114/ 114, line 16]|ps=. "Lord Broghill who received intelligence that a body of Lord Muskerry's horse had marched from the castle of Dromagh ..."}} the war's last pitched battle.{{Sfn|Coffey|1914|p=[https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/page/222/ 222]|ps=. "The last real battle fought in Ireland until the battle of the Boyne, nearly forty years later was at Knockbrack, on July 26th when Broghill fought Muskerry."}} Limerick surrendered in October.{{Sfn|Beckett|1966|p=[https://archive.org/details/makingofmodernir00beck/page/103/ 103]|ps=. "... the city [Limerick] surrendered after a long siege in October 1651."}}

Muskerry fell back into the mountains of Kerry and based himself at Ross Castle near Killarney,{{Sfn|Firth|1894|p=[https://archive.org/details/memoirsedmundlu01firtgoog/page/n396/ 320, line 10]|ps=. "Ross in Kerry; where the Lord Muskerry made his principal rendezvous, and which was the only place of strength the Irish had left, except the woods, bogs and mountains ..."}} owned by Sir Valentine Browne, his nephew by his sister Mary.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1900|p=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924092524374/page/n260/ 237, line 19]|ps=. "III. 1640. Sir Valentine Browne, Bart [I. [Ireland] 1622] of Molahiffe aforesaid, 1st s. [son] and h. [heir] b. [born] 1638, being but 2 years old at his father's death, when he suc. [succeeded] to the Baronetcy 25 April 1640;"}} Browne, born in 1638, was a minor and had become Muskerry's ward after his father's untimely death.{{Sfn|Adams|1904|p=[https://archive.org/details/castlesofireland00adamiala/page/327/ 327]|ps=. "In 1651, Muskerry was guardian to his nephew Sir Valentine Browne ..."}} In 1652 the government put a bounty of £500

(about £{{Inflation|UK|500|1652|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{Inflation/year|UK}}{{Inflation/fn|UK}}) on Muskerry's head.{{Sfn|Wells|2015|p=87|ps=. "... a bounty list issued by the English authorities in late May and June 1652, which offered substantial sums for 'the persons or the heads' of prominent confederates including £500 for Donough MacCarthy, Viscount Muskerry ..."}} Muskerry hoped that the Duke of Lorraine would intervene to save the Irish royalists.{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2005|p=927|ps=. "Viscount Muskerry decided to approach Lorraine directly. He instructed an agent to request that the duke direct supplies to Muskerry's own area of operations in south Kerry, or failing that, to inquire about possible employment for the viscount on the continent."}}

File:Ross Castle early morning.jpg, Muskerry's last stand]]

Edmund Ludlow besieged Muskerry in Ross Castle, on the shore of Lough Leane.{{Sfn|Coffey|1914|p=[https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/page/223 223]|ps="Ross Castle ... lies on the shores of Lough Leane."}} The defenders were supplied by boat over the lake.{{Sfn|Firth|1894|p=[https://archive.org/details/memoirsedmundlu01firtgoog/page/n396/ 320, line 19]|ps=. "... the enemy received continual supplies from those parts that lay on the other side ... "}} Ludlow brought boats of his own{{Sfn|Prendergast|1854|p=29|ps=. "... the number of boats provided for the assault of Ross Castle was not less than twenty, each capable to carry fifty to sixty men; two of them pinnaces ..."}} whereupon Muskerry surrendered on 27 June 1652{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, right column, line 55]|ps=. "... finally surrendering at Ross Castle (27 June 1652) ..."}} after a siege of three weeks.{{Sfn|O Callaghan|1990|p=[https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1990/b1990-003.pdf#page=8 36, left column, line 12]|ps=. "... [Muskerry] who held out for three weeks at Ross castle ..."}} The terms took a possible prosecution into account.{{Sfn|Firth|1894|p=[https://archive.org/details/memoirsedmundlu01firtgoog/page/n397/ 321, line 11]|ps=. "... much time was spent in the discussion of some particulars, especially that concerning the murder of the English, which was an exception we never failed to make; so that the Irish commissioners seeming doubtful whether by the wording that article they were all included, desired that it may be explained; to which we consented ... "}} Muskerry gave two hostages to guarantee his compliance with the terms: one of his sons{{Sfn|Firth|1894|p=[https://archive.org/details/memoirsedmundlu01firtgoog/page/n398/ 322, line 4]|ps=. "... his son together with Daniel Obryan were delivered to me [Edmund Ludlow] as hostages ..."}} and "Daniel O'Brien".Daniel O'Brien.{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009c|loc=End of 2nd paragraph|ps=. "... he [Daniel] submitted to the English parliament under the articles agreed the following year by Donogh MacCarthy, Viscount Muskerry. O'Brien was one of the hostages ..."}} This son probably was Callaghan, whereas the Daniel O'Brien probably was the future 3rd Viscount Clare, about 30 at the time, rather than the future 1st Viscount, who was about 70. Muskerry disbanded his 5,000-strong army. He was excluded from pardon of life and estate in the Commonwealth's Act of Settlement on 12 August and therefore lost his estates.{{Sfn|Firth|Rait|1911|p=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=inu.30000046036137&view=1up&seq=605 599]|ps=. "That James Butler Earl of Ormond, James Touchet Earl of Castlehaven, Ullick Bourk Earl of Clanrickard, Christopher Plunket Earl of Fingal, James Dillon Earl of Roscomon, Richard Nugent Earl of Westmeath, Morrogh O Brien Baron of Inchiquin, Donogh Mac Carthy Viscount Muskerry ... be excepted from pardon for Life and Estate."}} His surrender was one of the last, but Clanricarde, 28 June,{{Sfn|Coffey|1914|p=[https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/page/222 223, line 7]|ps=. "Clanricarde attempted to continue resistance but eventually submitted on June 28th, 1652."}} and Philip O'Reilly, 27 April 1653,{{Sfn|Corish|1976c|p=[https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofirel0000unse/page/352/ 352, line 7]|ps=. "The last formal capitulation was by Philip O'Reilly at Cloughoughter on 27 April 1653."}} surrendered later.

Muskerry was allowed to embark for Spain{{Sfn|Webb|1878|p=[https://archive.org/details/acompendiumiris00webbgoog/page/n311/ 303, right column, line 49]|ps=. "He then passed into Spain."}}

where he was rejected as Ormondist.{{Sfn|O Callaghan|1990|p=[https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1990/b1990-003.pdf#page=8 36, left column, line 34]|ps=. "Apparently they [Muskerry and Callaghan O Callaghan] had gone to Spain, where they discovered that because of their adherence to the Ormondist faction in the Confederation of Kilkenny, they were not received with great warmth by other Irish exiles ..."}}

He then sought employment with the Venetian Republic for himself{{Sfn|O'Donoghue|1860|p=[https://archive.org/details/historicalmemoi00odogoog/page/n337/ 299]|ps=. "... he [Muskerry] entered into a treaty with the Venetian republic ..."}} and the Irish soldiers that he brought with him,{{Sfn|Firth|1894|p=[https://archive.org/details/memoirsedmundlu01firtgoog/page/n417/ 341, line 21]|ps=. "... entered into a treaty to put himself and his men into the service of the venetians."}} but the project fell through. He returned to Ireland late in 1653{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, right column, line 57]|ps=. "Despite being exempted from pardon of life and estate by the Act for the Settling of Ireland (August 1652), Muskerry returned to Ireland late in 1653."}} landing at Cork{{Sfn|Hickson|1884b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandinsevente02hick/page/174/ 174]|ps=. "The Lord Muskerry is lately landed in Cork and says he will cast himself on the Parliament's mercy."}} to recruit soldiers for service on the continent{{Sfn|Burghclere|1912|p=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesfirs01burg/page/437/ 437, line 13]|ps=. "As he believed his articles guaranteed immunity, he now unwarily ventured back to Ireland in search of new recruits, but he was instantly seized and brought to trial ..."}} but was arrested for war crimes{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2012|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=zHZYbeg-zeoC&pg=PA283 283]|ps=. "Viscount Muskerry stood trial charged with 'war crimes' allegedly committed during the early months of the insurrection ..."}} and detained{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/309/ 309]|ps=. "he [Muskerry] remained a prisoner in Dublin until his trial "}} until the opening of his trial on 1 December in Dublin. He was accused of having been an accessory to murders of English settlers on three occasions.{{Sfn|Hickson|1884b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandinsevente02hick/page/192/ 192, top]|ps=. "High Court of Justice, Dublin, December 1st 1653. Trial of the Lord Viscount Muskerry as accessory to the murder of: I. Mrs. Hussey ... II. William Deane ... III. Roger Skinner ..."}}

The first case was the murder of William Deane and others at Kilfinny, County Limerick, by soldiers of the Munster army on 29 July 1642.{{Sfn|Hickson|1884b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandinsevente02hick/page/192/ 192, section II.]|ps=. "... at Kilfenny, co. Limerick, on the 29th July 1642."}} The victims died when Lady Dowdall surrendered Kilfinny Castle to Patrick Purcell, who commanded the besiegers.{{Sfn|Westropp|1907|p=163|ps=. "Purcell came up with seven thousand men and three of its cannon, and fired on the castle. Defence was impossible; the indomitable woman, after enduring 'three great shot', surrendered ..."}} It had been agreed that the English would be allowed to leave escorted by a detachment sent by Inchiquin.{{Efn|Lady Dowdall's narration is found in the 2nd volume of Gilbert's History (1882), which can be read in the original{{Sfn|Gilbert|1882b|p=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101042590107&view=1up&seq=232 72]|ps=. "I was forced to cry quarter, but could not get it but upon condicion that what presners war for the Ingles army shold be given to them to redem me; wich my Lord of Incequin most honarble ded and sent a nobell convay of cavalears ..."}} or, more easily, in a version with modernised spelling.{{Sfn|Bourke|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=qZ6W1LiIyYYC&pg=PA24 24]|ps=. "I was forced to cry quarter, but could not get it but upon condition that what prisoners were for the English army should be given to them to redeem me, which my lord of Inchiquin most honourably did and sent a noble convoy of cavaliers ..."}}}} The second case was the murder of Mrs Hussey and others near Blarney Castle, County Cork, by Irish soldiers on 1 August 1642. The victims were refugees that Muskerry had sheltered at Macroom and was sending to Cork in a guarded convoy so that they could leave the country.{{Sfn|Hickson|1884b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandinsevente02hick/page/192/ 192, under I.]|ps=. "... near Blarney in the county Cork on the 1st of August 1642."}}{{Sfn|Firth|1894|p=[https://archive.org/details/memoirsedmundlu01firtgoog/page/n417/ 341, line 13]|ps=. "... Lord Muskerry had taken what care he could for their security, and had done what in him lay to bring the person who was guilty of that blood to justice, the court acquitted him ..."}} The third case was the murder of Roger Skinner and others at Inniskerry, County Cork, in August 1642.{{Sfn|Hickson|1884b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandinsevente02hick/page/192/ 92, under III.]|ps=. "... at Inniskerry, co. Cork, August 1642."}} Muskerry was acquitted of these three charges.{{Sfn|Hickson|1884b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandinsevente02hick/page/235/ 235, line 11]|ps=. "Dec. 1653. Lord Muskerry for Mr. Deane and three others and a woman named Nora.—As to the matter of fact guilty. As to article considered not guilty. Same for Roger Skinner.—Not guilty"}}

In February 1654 he was tried for having participated in royalist conspiracies.{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009b|loc=|ps=. "... the Cromwellian regime retried him in February 1654 for his part in various royalist conspiracies."}} Lady Ormond, who had been allowed to return to Ireland from her French exile,{{Sfn|Perceval-Maxwell|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/131/ 131]|ps=. "... in 1653 the English Parliament issued an order to permit her to live in her house at Dunmore, co. Kilkenny, and receive £2000 per annum from her estate ..."}} secretly visited Gerard Lowther, president of the High Court of Justice at the time,{{Sfn|Ball|1926|p=[https://archive.org/details/judgesinireland10000unse/page/257/ 257, line 8]|ps=. "... Lowther, who became president of the high court ..."}}{{Sfn|Ball|1926|p=[https://archive.org/details/judgesinireland10000unse/page/333/ 333, penultimate line]|ps=. "... [Lowther] appears as president of the high court there [in Ireland] 1652–1654;"}} who gave her legal advice for Muskerry.{{Sfn|Mountmorres|1792|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyprincipa00soutgoog/page/n259/ 231]|ps=. "... she had an opportunity of doing him great service; for she secretly visited the lord chief justice Lowther, who had high reverence for her, and he dictated to her what that lord should plead and how to answer every thing that should in public on his trial be objected against him;"}} This helped him convince the court of his innocence and he was acquitted.{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/108/ 108, left column, line 6]|ps=. "He was retried in February 1654 for his part in royalist conspiracies, but thanks to the influence that Lady Ormond enjoyed with the Cromwellian authorities was again acquitted."}}

In May 1654 he had to defend himself against another murder charge concerning the killing of an unnamed man and woman. He was acquitted.{{Sfn|Hickson|1884b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandinsevente02hick/page/235/ 235, line 15]|ps=. "May. 1654. Lord Muskerry for murder of a man and a woman unknown.—Not guilty"}}

Muskerry was again allowed to embark for Spain{{Sfn|O Callaghan|1990|p=[https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1990/b1990-003.pdf#page=8 36, right column, line 17]|ps=. "Muskerry was acquitted of the [first] charge and of a second murder charge in May 1654, when he was allowed to go into exile."}} but went to France. Henrietta Maria, now the Queen Mother, still lived there, but in July 1654 Charles II and his exile court were about to leave France and start their wanderings in the Netherlands and Germany.{{Sfn|Scott|1905|p=[https://archive.org/details/kinginexilethewa028422mbp/page/n534/ 493, line 18]|ps=. "On the 14th of July [1654] he [Charles II] reached Flemnish territory ..."}} Lady Muskerry lived in Paris.{{Sfn|Clark|1921|p=[https://archive.org/details/anthonyhamiltonh00claruoft/page/8/ 8, line 27]|ps=. "... his [Antoine Hamilton's] mother and his aunt, Lady Muskerry, had apartments at the Couvent des Feuillantines in Paris ..."}} Muskerry's daughter Helen found shelter at the abbey of Port-Royal-des-Champs{{Sfn|Sainte-Beuve|1878|p=[https://archive.org/details/portroyal02sain/page/107/ 107]|ps=. "Mesdemoiselles Hamilton et Muskry furent mises à Port-Royal; elles durent y être dès avant 1655."}} near Versailles. The abbess, La Mère Angélique, tried to help Muskerry and his Irish soldiers in their need. In November 1654 she wrote to Queen Marie Louise Gonzaga of Poland proposing to employ Muskerry and his followers – 5,000 men – in Polish service.{{Sfn|Clark|1972|p=[https://archive.org/details/strangerssojourn0000clar/page/51/ 51]|ps=. "La Mère Angélique seems to have suggested his going to Poland to offer not only his services, but also those of his five thousand men who were in an 'extrême misère', and on November 20th, 1654, she writes to the Queen, Marie de Gonzague ..."}} In 1655 Muskerry{{Sfn|Bagwell|1909b|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/page/310/ 310, line 1]|ps=. "... [Muskerry] went later to Poland ..."}} and Bellings{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009a|loc=6th paragraph |ps=. "He travelled to Poland in 1655 with Donough MacCarthy ..."}} led them to the Polish King,{{Sfn|Cusack|1871|p=[https://archive.org/details/compendiumofiris00cusa/page/321/ 321]|ps=. "... lord Muskerry took 5000 to Poland;"}}{{Sfn|Prendergast|1868|p=[https://archive.org/details/cromwelliansett02prengoog/page/n86/ 78]|ps=. "Lord Muskerry took 5000 to the King of Poland."}} who fought the Swedes{{Sfn|Sanford|2003|p=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000sanf/page/n37/ xxxv, line 10]|ps=. "The Swedish 'Deluge' (Potop) of 1655–1660 devastated the country ..."}} in the Second Northern War. Muskerry and Bellings returned with £20,000 for Charles II.{{Sfn|Burghclere|1912|p=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesfirs01burg/page/426/ 426, line 22]|ps=. "... Charles's envoys had collected £20,000 in Poland and Muscovy."}} In 1657 the King sent Muskerry to Madrid to ask the Spanish to let the Irish exiles now in Spain invade Ireland.{{Sfn|Clark|1921|p=[https://archive.org/details/anthonyhamiltonh00claruoft/page/9/ 9]|ps=. "A little later [in 1657], Charles ... despatched Sir George Hamilton and his brother-in-law, Lord Muskerry, to Madrid to find out whether it would be agreeable to the King of Spain that the Irish now in Spain and those who would come over from the French should be sent immediately into Ireland."}} They stayed seven months but achieved nothing.{{Sfn|Macray|1876|p=[https://archive.org/details/calendarofclaren03bodluoft/page/386/ 387]|ps=. "... they had only had 400 pistols for their journey to Madrid, and for their while stay of seven months."}} Muskerry's eldest son fought the French and Cromwell's English at the Battle of the Dunes in June 1658{{Sfn|Firth|1903|p=[https://archive.org/details/transactions17royauoft/page/84/ 85]|ps=. "[At the battle of the Dunes] The second [battalion] consisted of the Duke of York's regiment under Lord Muskerry."}}{{Sfn|Webb|1878|p=[https://archive.org/details/acompendiumiris00webbgoog/page/n311/ 303, line 53]|ps=. "Macarty, Charles, eldest son of preceding [i.e. the 2nd Viscount Muskerry], took service in France and distinguished himself in the Low countries."}} The King, in exile at Brussels, rewarded Muskerry in November 1658 with the title of Earl of Clancarty.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/215/ 215, line 2]|ps=. "As reward for his services he was by patent dat. [dated] at Brussels 27 Nov., 1658, cr. [created] Earl of Clancarty, Co. Cork [I. [Ireland] ]"}} His title of Viscount Muskerry, now subsidiary, passed to his eldest son Charles, his heir apparent, as courtesy title.{{Sfn|Burke|Burke|1915|p=[https://archive.org/details/b3136410x/page/6/ 6, line 51]|ps=. "... such eldest sons of Peers ... as enjoy a plurality of titles, take and use the secondary one by courtesy."}}

At the Restoration of the Stuarts, Clancarty, as he now was, returned to Ireland. He used Ormond's influence to recover his estates,{{Sfn|Barnard|Fenlon|2000|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Dd10jDnfVdUC&pg=181 181]|ps=. "Clancarty, who availed of the duke's influence to recover his estates ..."}}{{Sfn|Breffny|1977|p=[https://archive.org/details/castlesofireland0000debr/page/54/ 54]|ps=. "On the Restoration the Lord of Muskerry was rewarded for his loyalty by Charles II, restored to his estate and granted a peerage."}} which Charles II confirmed to him in his "Gracious Declaration" of 30 November 1660.{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/108/ 108, left column, line 12]|ps=. "By Charles II's 'gracious declaration' (30 November 1660) Clancarty recovered his extensive Munster patrimony."}} The Cromwellian occupiers had to leave at once.{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2001|p=269|ps=. "... Clancarty was restored to his estates 'without waiting for compensation to the settlers' ..."}} Now-Admiral William Penn, to whom Macroom had been granted in 1654,{{Sfn|J. C.|1908|p=[https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1908/b1908-037.pdf#page=3 105, line 22]|ps=. "In 1654, Cromwell wrote to Ireland to direct that the Admiral should have lands to the value of £300 per year in the Co. Cork, near some fortified place. The place selected was that same Castle and Manor of Macroom ..."}} was compensated with land at Shanagarry (east of Cork).{{Sfn|J. C.|1908|p=[https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1908/b1908-037.pdf#page=3 105, line 31]|ps=. "As an equivalent, Penn got the castle and lands of Shanagarry near Cloyne."}} Broghill had to return Blarney{{Sfn|Barnard|2004a|p=[https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary07matt/page/111/ 111, left column]|ps=. "... had recently been augmented by the belated passage of an ordinance which conferred on him [Broghill] confiscated properties in co. Cork including Blarney Castle and Ballymaloe."}} and Kilcrea.{{Sfn|Westropp|1908|p=[https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1908/b1908-056.pdf#page=13 166|ps=. "The protector granted the land [of Kilcrea] to Lord Broghill, but after the Restoration it was given back ..."}} The Clancartys repaired and enlarged Macroom Castle.{{Sfn|Adams|1904|p=[https://archive.org/details/castlesofireland00adamiala/page/291/ 291]|ps=. "... the stronghold was restored to the MacCarthys, and was enlarged and modernised by the Earl of Clancarty."}}{{Sfn|Brewer|1826|p=[https://archive.org/details/beautiesireland01brewgoog/page/n458/ 446, line 18]|ps=. "... after sustaining which injury [the fire] it was repaired and rendered habitable by the earls of Clancarty."}} Clancarty also recovered his townhouse, which now became Clancarty House.{{Sfn|Simms|1986|p=[https://archive.org/details/warpoliticsinire0000simm/page/52/ 52]|ps=. "... Charlemont and Clancarty houses were on College Green ..."}}{{Sfn|Beckett|1966|p=[https://archive.org/details/makingofmodernir00beck/page/134/ 135]|ps=. "... and it was on College Green that many of the nobility—Lord Anglesey, Lord Charlemont, Lord Clancarty—had their town houses."}} Clancarty found wealthy Irish spouses for his eldest son and his two daughters. This son married Margaret Bourke in 1660 or 1661. She was a rich heiress, the only child of Ulick Burke, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/215/ 215, line 10]|ps=. "He [Charles MacCarthy] m. [married] shortly after 2 Mar. 1659/60 and before May 1661, Margaret, only da. [daughter] of Ulick ..."}} Clancarty's elder daughter Helen married twice. First, after 1660 Sir John FitzGerald of Dromana, a Protestant, as his second wife.{{R|Burke1915p2038}} The marriage was childless.{{R|Mackenzie}} After his death in 1664,{{R|Burke1866p561}} Helen married secondly William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/233/ 233, line 2]|ps=. "He [William] m. [married] 2ndly Helen, widow of sir John FitzGerald, of Dromana, co. Waterford (who d. [died] 1662), da. [daughter] of Donough (MacCarty), 1st Earl of Clancarty [I. [Ireland] ] by Eleanor ..."}} Clancarty's younger daughter Margaret married Luke Plunket, 3rd Earl of Fingall, before 1666.{{Sfn|Creighton|2009|loc=Last paragraph, 2nd sentence|ps=. "At some point before 1666 he married Margaret, daughter of Donough MacCarthy, 1st earl of Clancarty ..."}}

In the winter of 1661–1662, Clancarty signed the Catholic Remonstrance drawn up by Bellings and promoted by Peter Walsh.{{Sfn|Creighton|2004|p=29|ps=. "Among the ninety-eight subscribers were many that could be variously described as Old English, Ormondist, or former moderates from the days of the confederation. These included the earls of fingal, Clancarty and Carlingford ..."}} in an attempt to improve the Catholics' condition in Ireland by demonstrating their loyalty to the King. However, the remonstrance proved inefficient, mainly because too few of the clergy signed.{{Sfn|Hagan|1912|p=[https://archive.org/details/catholicencyclo06commgoog/page/541/ 541]|ps=. "... he was unable to induce or force the meeting to sign a document which the great majority regarded as disrespectful to the Holy See, if not actually in conflict with Catholic teaching on the supremacy of the pope."}}

In August 1660, Charles II made George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, lord lieutenant of Ireland.{{Sfn|Ashley|1977|p=[https://archive.org/details/generalmonck00maur/page/211/ 211, line]|ps=. "Eighteen days later [August 1660] he [Monck] was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, a lucrative post."}}{{Sfn|Fryde|Greenway|Porter|Roy|1986|p=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofbritis0000unse/page/168/ 168, bottom]|ps=. "1660 ? June / Lt.-Gen. George Monck, duke of Albemarle, L.L. [Lord Lieutenant]"}} As Albemarle never went to Ireland, the King appointed three lords justices to govern in his stead.{{Sfn|Smith|1893|p=[https://archive.org/details/ancientandprese00socigoog/page/n109/ 103]|ps=. "Soon after, Lord Orrery, with the Earl of Mountrath and Sir Maurice Eustace, lord chancellor, were declared lord justices of Ireland, and sent over with a commission to hold a parliament ..."}} When the King summoned the Parliament of 1661–1666, it was opened by the lords justices on 8 May 1661.{{Sfn|House of Lords|1779|p=[https://opac.oireachtas.ie/Data/Library7/Library1/DC900086.pdf#page=241 231]|ps=. "Die Mercurii, 8° Maii, Anno Regn. Dni Caroli II, 13° Annoq; 1661° The Lords who had sat before in Parliament, either in Person or by Proxy, took their places."}} Clancarty joined the House of Lords on 20 May.{{Sfn|House of Lords|1779|p=[https://opac.oireachtas.ie/Data/Library7/Library1/DC900086.pdf#page=246 236, left column|ps=. "Monday, the 20th of May, 1661. Ordered, that the Earl Clancarty, being at the Door and desiring to be introduced, shall be introduced."}} On 11 June Clancarty became the proxy of Lord Inchiquin,{{Sfn|House of Lords|1779|p=[https://opac.oireachtas.ie/Data/Library7/Library1/DC900086.pdf#page=256 246, right column]|ps=. "Die Martis 11° Junii 1661° ... The Earl of Inchiquin's Proxy, assigned to the Earl of Clancarty read and allowed."}} therefore voting in his stead. The passing of the Act of Settlement was one of the main purposes of the parliament.{{Sfn|Duffy|2002|p=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto0000duff/page/118/ 118, line 3]|ps=. "In 1662 another Act of Settlement was passed, the purpose of which was to sort out the sorry mess that existed between the many existing claims ..."}} Clancarty was absent on 30 May 1662 when the Lords finally passed it.{{Sfn|House of Lords|1779|p=[https://opac.oireachtas.ie/Data/Library7/Library1/DC900086.pdf#page=315 305, left column, bottom|ps=. "30th of May, 1662 ... that the Act intitled an Act for the better Execution of his Majesty's gracious Declaration for the Settlement of this kingdom of Ireland, and Satisfaction of the several Interests of Adventurers, Soldiers and other his Subjects there, shall pass as a Law."}} Clancarty sat on the committee that organised the gift of £30,000 (about £{{Inflation|UK|30,000|1662|r=-5|fmt=c}} in {{Inflation/year|UK}}{{Inflation/fn|UK}}) made to the Duke of Ormond. However, Clancarty's eldest son, Charles MacCarty, replaced him in that function on 19 August.{{Sfn|House of Lords|1779|p=[https://opac.oireachtas.ie/Data/Library7/Library1/DC900086.pdf#page=341 331, left column]|ps=. "... ordered that the Viscount Muskry be added to the Committee for managing the free Conferences with the House of Commons concerning the £30,000 for his Grace the duke of Ormond, in room of the Earl of Clancarty ..."}} On 11 December, the Lords passed the Irish version of the Tenures Abolition Act 1660.{{Sfn|House of Lords|1779|p=[https://opac.oireachtas.ie/Data/Library7/Library1/DC900086.pdf#page=368 358, right column]|ps=. "A bill for taking away the Court of Wards and liveries, and Tenure in capite and knight's service – Tertia vice lecta – Passed nemine contradicente."}} Clancarty attended parliament regularly until April 1663 when he moved to London.{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/108/ 108, left column, line 22]|ps=. "... he [Clancarty] attended regularly until April 1663 when he moved to London."}} He visited his Irish estates in 1664 for a last time and returned to England.{{Sfn|Ó Siochrú|2009b|loc=last paragraph, 1st sentence|ps=. "Clancarty travelled to Ireland one last time in 1664, visiting his estates, before returning to England."}}

On 3 June 1665, Charles, Viscount Muskerry, Clancarty's eldest son and heir apparent, was killed during the Second Anglo-Dutch War in the Battle of Lowestoft, a naval engagement with the Dutch{{Sfn|Mangianiello|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=an-eXXA3DBMC&pg=332 332, right column, line 36]|ps=. "He [Charles MacCarty] was killed on 3 June, 1665, at the naval battle of Lowestoft."}}{{Sfn|Hyde|1827|p=[https://archive.org/details/lifeedwardearlc02clargoog/page/n391/ 389]|ps=. "... killed on board the duke's own ship ... the Lord Muskerry, eldest son of the earl of Clancarty, a young man of extraordinary courage and expectation ..."}}{{Sfn|Pemsel|1977|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofwaratse0000pems/page/50/ 50]|ps=. "13 June 1665 Battle of Lowestoft. The Duke of York, brother of the English king, is commander-in-chief of the English Fleet ... in Royal Charles ..."}} and buried in Westminster Abbey{{Sfn|Cokayne|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/215/ 215, line 13]|ps=. "He [Charles (Cormac)] d. v.p. [predeceased his father] being slain on board 'the Royal Charles' in a sea-fight against the Dutch, 3, and was bur. [buried] 22 June 1665 in Westm. [Westminster] Abbey."}}{{Sfn|Chester|1876|p=[https://archive.org/details/marriagebaptism01chesgoog/page/n179/ 162]|ps=. "1662 June 19 The Right Hon. Charles, Viscount Muskerry: in the same [North] aisle near the Earl of Marlborough."}} as his grandfather, the 1st Viscount, had been. Charles left an infant son, called Charles James, who became the new heir apparent.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/216/ 216]|ps=. "2. Charles James (MacCarty), Earl of Clancarty, & [I. [Ireland] ], grandson and h. [heir], being only s. [son] and h. of Charles (MacCarty) Viscount Muskerry ..."}}

Only one and a half months later, on 4 or 5 August 1665,{{Sfn|Cokayne|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/215/ 215, line 6]|ps=. "He [Clancarty] d. [died] in London, 4 Aug. 1665."}}{{Sfn|Seccombe|1893|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio57stepgoog/page/n449/ 437, left column]|ps="He died in London on 5 Aug. 1665."}} Clancarty died at Ormond's house at Moor Park, Hertfordshire.{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/108/ 108, left column, line 24]|ps=. "He died at Ormond's residence at Moor Park in August 1665."}} Ormond, despite being a Protestant, called in a Catholic priest for the last rites of his friend.{{Sfn|Ohlmeyer|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/108/ 108, left column, line 28]|ps=. "The duke had ensured that a priest was present since he believed that 'it is the part of a good Christian to help another die like one in his own way, nor yet believing that the merciful God hath so limited his Salvation as passionate and interested men have done.' "}} The Catholic political pamphlet The Unkinde Deserter of Loyall Men and True Frinds claims that in his last hour Clancarty expressed regret at having trusted Ormond.{{Sfn|French|1846|p=[https://archive.org/details/TheHistoricalWorksV2/page/n104/ 88]|ps=. "... he [Ormond] deceaved thye person most trusted in him ... I mean the Earle of Clancarty (then lord viscont Musgry) his brother in law, who seemed sore vexed in his dying bed for having placed trust in Ormond ..."}}

Charles's infant son Charles James succeeded his grandfather as the 2nd Earl of Clancarty but died a year later.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1913|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/216/ 216, line 4]|ps=. "... d. [died] an infant, 22 Sep. 1666."}} The succession then reverted to the 1st Earl's second son, Callaghan, who succeeded as the 3rd Earl of Clancarty.{{Sfn|Burke|1866|p=[https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog/page/n360/ 344, right column, line 42]|ps=. "Charles, 2nd earl, who d. [died] a child, in 1668, and was s. [succeeded] by his uncle Callaghan, 3rd Earl."}}

{{Emblem table

|image = {{center|150px 180px}}

|image size =

|notes =

|coronet = A coronet of an Earl

|crest = A dexter arm in armour proper cuffed argent erect and couped at the wrist, holding in the hand a lizard both also proper.

|escutcheon = Argent a stag trippant gules attired and unguled or.

|supporters = Two angels proper vested argent habited gules winged or, each holding in the exterior hand a shield, thereon a human head affrontée erased.

|motto = Forti et fideli nihil difficile.{{cite book |last= Burke |first= Bernard |author-link=Bernard Burke |title= The general armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales; comprising a registry of armorial bearings from the earliest to the present time |date=1884|publisher=Harrison & sons|location=London |pages=636|url=https://archive.org/details/generalarmoryofe00burk/page/636/mode/2up?q=mccarthy&view=theater}}}}

{{Notelist|refs=

{{Efn|name=Nam |His first name is variously spelled Donough{{R|Ohlmeyer2004p107lc20|OSiochru2009bT}} Donogh,{{R|Cokayne1913p214.18}} Donoch,{{R|O'Hart124}} or Donagh.{{R|HouseOfCommons609}} His family name is variously spelled MacCarty,{{R|Cokayne1913p214.18}} MacCarthy,{{R|Ohlmeyer2004p107lc20}} McCarthy,{{R|HouseOfCommons609}} M'Carthy,{{R|HouseOfCommons608}} M'Carty,{{R|Burke1866p344rc33}} or Mc Carthy.{{R|McGrath1997a}}}}

}}

{{Reflist|refs=

{{Harvnb|Burke |1866 |p=[https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog/page/n360/ 344] |ps=Genealogy of the earls of Clancarty}}

{{Harvnb|Burke |1866 |p=[https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog/page/n360/ 344, right column, line 21] |ps=. "... [Charles married] 2ndly the Hon. [honourable] Helen Roche, dau. [daughter] of David, Viscount Fermoy."}}

{{Harvnb|Burke |1866 |p=[https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog/page/n360/ 344, right column, line 25] |ps=. "I. Cormac, d. [died] young."}}

{{Harvnb|Burke |1866 |p=[https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog/page/n360/ 344, right column, line 33] |ps=. "The 2nd son, Donough M'Carty, was created Earl ..."}}

{{Harvnb|Burke |1866 |p=[https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog/page/n360/ 344, right column, middle] |ps=. Burke (1866) mentions his second marriage and lists five children, but all five are from the first marriage.}}

{{Harvnb|Burke |1866 |p=[https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog/page/n415/ 406] |ps=Genealogy of the earls of Thomond}}

{{Harvnb|Burke|1866|p=[https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog/page/n415/ 406, left column]|ps=. "Donough O'Brien, 4th Earl of Thomond, and lord-president of Munster, called "the great earl", m. [married] 1st Ellen, dau. [daughter] of Maurice, Lord Viscount Roche of Fermoy, and had a dau., Margaret, m. to Charles McCarthy, 1st Viscount Muskerry."}}

{{Harvnb|Burke |1866 |p=[https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog/page/n459/ 455, right column, line 42] |ps=. "I. Ellen m. [married] 1st to Donnel McCarthy Reagh, of Killbritain, co. Cork, Esq.; 2ndly to Charles Viscount Muskerry, and 3rdly to Thomas Fitzmaurice, 4th son of Thomas 18th Lord Kerry."}}

{{Harvnb|Burke |1866 |p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_K3MaAAAAYAAJ/page/n591/ 561] |ps=. "Sir John FitzGerald, of Dromana, Knt., M.P. for Dungarvan, m. [married] 1st Catherine, dau. [daughter] of John, Lord Poer, she d. [died] 22 August 1660, and 2ndly Helen, dau. of Donogh MacCarthy; he d. 1 March 1664 ..."}}

{{Harvnb|Burke |Burke |1915 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/b3136410x/page/1548/ 1548–1552] |ps=Genealogy of the earls of Ormond}}

{{Harvnb|Burke |Burke |1915 |p=[https://archive.org/details/b3136410x/page/2038/ 2038, left column, line 63] |ps=. "1. Katherine, m. [married] 1658, John FitzGerald of Dromana, Lord of the Decies, and d. [died] 22 Aug. 1660."}}

{{Harvnb|Butler |1904 |p=https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1904/b1904-001.pdf#page=3 2 |ps=. "... a long inquisition taken in 1636, on the death of Donal, or Daniel, MacCarthy Reagh ..."}}

{{Harvnb|Butler |1925 |p=[https://archive.org/details/irishhistory0000unse/page/255/ 255, Note 8] |ps=The following rough pedigree ...}}

{{Harvnb|Carte |1851a |p=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesdukeo01cart/page/244/ 244] |ps=. "... thought fit to delegate the lords Gormanston, Kilmallock, and Muskery to present their grievances to his majesty."}}

{{Harvnb|Castlehaven |1815 |p=[https://archive.org/details/earlcastlehaven00anglgoog/page/n86/ 64] |ps=. "... to which rendevous my Lord of Muskry came ..."}}

{{Harvnb|Cokayne |1893 |p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage05cokahrish/page/n426/ 425, line 29] |ps=. "He [Charles MacCarty] m. [married] firstly, about 1590, Margaret, da. [daughter] of Donough (O'Brien), 4th Earl of Thomond ..."}}

{{Harvnb|Cokayne |1893 |p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage05cokahrish/page/n426/ 425, line 31] |ps=. "He [Charles MacCarty] m. [married] secondly, Ellen widow of Donnell MacCarthy Reagh, da. [daughter] of David (Roche), Viscount Fermnoy ..."}}

{{Harvnb|Cokayne |1893 |p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage05cokahrish/page/n425/ 425, footnote] |ps=. "Donogh was the 2nd son, but his elder br. [brother], Cormac, is said to have d. [died] young, tho' he might be living (possibly an idiot) at this time."}}

{{Harvnb|Cokayne |1896 |p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage07cokahrish/page/n264/ 263, line 6] |ps=. "Viceroy of Ireland, as L. [Lord] Deputy and (1640) L. Lieut. [Lieutenant], 1632/33–1641."}}

{{Harvnb|Cokayne |1896 |p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage07cokahrish/page/n392/ 391, note b] |ps=. "They were descended from the celebrated Brien Boroihme, principal king of Ireland (1002–1004) through his grandson Turlogh ..."}}

{{Harvnb|Cokayne |1896 |p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage07cokahrish/page/n393/ 392] |ps=Genealogy of the earls of Thomond}}

{{Harvnb|Cokayne |1913 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/214/ 214–217] |ps=Genealogy of the earls of Clancarty}}

{{Harvnb|Cokayne |1913 |p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/214/ 214, line 18] |ps=. "Donogh MacCarty, 2nd but 1st surv. s. [surviving son] and h. [heir] of Cormac Oge ..."}}

{{Harvnb|Cokayne |1913 |p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/page/214/ 214, line 21] |ps=. "Donough MacCarty ... was b. [born] 1594;"}}

{{Harvnb|French |1846 |p=[https://archive.org/details/TheHistoricalWorksV2/page/n104/ 88] |ps=. "... he [Ormond] deceaved thye person most trusted in him ... I mean the Earle of Clancarty (then lord viscont Musgry) his brother in law, who seemed sore vexed in his dying bed for having placed trust in Ormond ..."}}

{{Harvnb|Gibson |1861a |p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofcountyc01gibsiala/page/84/ 84, line 9] |ps=. "There were at this time four distinct chieftainships of the Mac Carthys; the Mac Carthys Mor, or lords of Desmond, and their off-shoots, namely, the Mac Carthys Reagh of Carbery, the Donough Mac Carthys of Duhallow, and the Mac Carthys of Muskerry."}}

{{Harvnb|Gillman |1892 |loc=[https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1892/b1892-175.pdf#page=2 fold-out]}}

{{Harvnb|Hamlyn |2007 |p=129 |ps=. "He [Donough's father] did not live at Blarney, but at the more comfortable, conventional Macroom Castle."}}

{{Harvnb|Hanks |Hodges |1990 |p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoffirs0000hank/page/87/ 87] |ps=. "Donagh (m. [male]) Irish: Anglicised form of the Gaelic name Donnchadh, see Duncan. Variants: Dono(u)gh."}}

{{Harvnb|House of Commons |1878 |p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=L1ETAAAAYAAJ&pg=608 608] |ps=. "1634 / 23 June / Sir Donough M'Carthy, knt. / – / ditto [Cork County]"}}

{{Harvnb|House of Commons |1878 |p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=L1ETAAAAYAAJ&pg=609 609] |ps=. "1639 / 2 Mar. / Sir Donagh McCarthy, knt. / – / Cork County"}}

{{Harvnb|Lainé |1836 |p=[https://archive.org/details/archivesgenealog05lain/page/n227/ 72] |ps=. "X. Dermod-Môr, Mac-Carthy, fils puiné de Cormac-Môr, prince de Desmond et d'Honoria Fitz-Maurice, eut en apanage la baronnie de Muskery ..."}}

{{Harvnb|Lainé |1836 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/archivesgenealog05lain/page/n227/ 72–79] |ps=Genealogy of the MacCarthy of Muskerry family}}

{{Harvnb|Lainé |1836 |p=[https://archive.org/details/archivesgenealog05lain/page/n229/ 74] |ps=. "XVIII. Cormac-Ogue Mac-Carthy, créé baron de Blarney et vicomte de Muskery ..."}}

{{Harvnb|Lainé|1836|p=[https://archive.org/details/archivesgenealog05lain/page/n230/ 75, top]|ps=. lists the children of "Cormac Ogue" from his first marriage, but does not mention his 2nd marriage or any other children."}}

{{Harvnb|Lodge |1789a |p=[https://archive.org/details/peerageofireland02lodg/page/36/ 36] |ps=. "... an only daughter Margaret married to Cormac [Oge], son and heir to the Lord Muskerry, and was mother to Donogh first Earl of Clancarthy."}}

{{Harvnb|Mackenzie |1907 |p=[https://archive.org/details/dromanamemoirsof00mackiala/page/124/ 124] |ps=: "John had no children by his second marriage, and when he died in 1664, his daughter Katherine was left as the sole heiress of all his broad acres."}}

{{Harvnb|Manning |2001 |p=[https://tipperarystudies.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/The-two-Sir-George-Hamiltons-and-their-connections-with-the-castles-of-Roscrea-and-Nenagh.pdf#page=3 151, line 29] |ps=. "The younger Lady Hamilton was brought to Dublin, presumably with her family, in 1646, with her mother, Lady Thurles, and her sisters: Lady Muskerry and the wife of the baron of Loghmoe as reported on May 30th 1646."}}

{{Harvnb|McCarthy |1913 |p=70, line 7 |ps=. "He [the 1st Viscount] had previously [before becoming Viscount] been known as 'Sir Charles MacCarthy'."}}

{{Harvnb|McCarthy |1922 |p=[https://archive.org/details/maccarthysofmuns01mcca/page/120/ 121, line 35] |ps=. "After his [Donal's] death, in 1636, Charles I, by Letter Patent, granted her one-third of her husband's estate for dowry, as also the permission to marry again of which she availed herself."}}

{{Harvnb|McGrath |1997a |p=203, line 1|ps=. "Donough Mc Carthy (1594–1665) Cork County"}}

{{Harvnb|Moody |Martin |Byrne |1984 |p=[https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofirel0000unse_x8v5/page/156/ 156] |ps=. "MacCarthys of Muskerry ..."}}

{{Harvnb|O'Hart |1892 |p=[https://archive.org/details/irishpedigrees00unkngoog/page/n150/ 112, right column] |ps=. "115. Cormac MacCarthy Mór, Prince of Desmond: his son; b. [born] 1271; d. [died] 1359."}}

{{Harvnb|O'Hart|1892 |pp=122–124 |ps=. 116 Dermod Mor, 117 Cormac, 118 Teige, 119 Cormac Laidir, 120 Cormac Oge, 121 Teige, 122 Dermod, 123 Cormac Moe, 124 Cormac Oge (1st Viscount Muskerry)}}

{{Harvnb|O'Hart |1892 |p=[https://archive.org/details/irishpedigrees00unkngoog/page/n160/ 122, top] |ps=. "Cormac MacCarty Mor, Prince of Desmond (see the MacCarty Mór Stem, No. 115,) had a second son, Dermod Mór, of Muscry (now Muskerry) who was the ancestor of MacCarthy, lords of Muscry and earls of Clan Carthy."}}

{{Harvnb|O'Hart |1892 |p=[https://archive.org/details/irishpedigrees00unkngoog/page/n160/ 122, left column] |ps=. "116. Dermod Mór: son of Cormac Mór, Prince of Desmond; b. [born] 1310; created by the English in A.D. 1353, 'Lord of Muskerry' ..."}}

{{Harvnb|O'Hart |1892 |p=[https://archive.org/details/irishpedigrees00unkngoog/page/n161/ 123, right column, line 16] |ps=. "123. Cormac Mór, lord of Muscry ... born, A.D. 1552; married to Maria Butler."}}

{{Harvnb|O'Hart |1892 |p=[https://archive.org/details/irishpedigrees00unkngoog/page/n162/ 124, left column, line 41] |ps=. "By his first marriage this Donoch had a son named Donall, who was known as the Buchail Bán (or the 'white-haired boy')."}}

{{Harvnb|Ohlmeyer |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, left column, line 20] |ps=. "MacCarthy, Donough, first earl of Clancarty (1594–1665)"}}

{{Harvnb|Ohlmeyer |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, left column, line 24] |ps=. "With the death of his elder brother Cormac, Donough became heir to vast estates in Munster."}}

{{Harvnb|Ohlmeyer |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, left column, line 26] |ps=. "Blarney Castle, just north of Cork City and 'a place of great strength' was the family's principal residence."}}

{{Harvnb|Ohlmeyer |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ 107, left column, line 48] |ps=. "... succeeded his father as second Viscount Muskerry."}}

{{Harvnb|Ó Siochrú |2009b |loc=Title |ps=. "MacCarthy, Donough"}}

{{Harvnb|Ó Siochrú |2009b |loc=1st paragraph, 1st sentence |ps=. "MacCarthy, Donough (1594–1665), 2nd Viscount Muskerry ..."}}

{{Harvnb|Ó Siochrú |2009b |loc=1st paragraph, 2nd sentence |ps=. "Although his family were catholics of native Irish stock, their long tradition of loyal service to the English crown had enabled them to retain extensive lands in Co. Cork."}}

{{Harvnb|Quinn |Nichols |1976 |p=[https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofirel0000unse/page/10/ 11] |ps=. "... MacCarthy of Muskerry in the Lee valley, immediately to the west of Cork itself."}}

{{Harvnb|Wood |1935 |p=[https://academic.oup.com/histres/article-abstract/13/37/1/5694686 1] |ps=. "The titles of the chief governors of Ireland have been various ... lieutenant of the king, lieutenant general and general governor, deputy or lord deputy, justiciar or lord justice ..."}}

}}

Subject matter monographs:

• Click here. McGrath 1997a in A Biographical Dictionary of the Membership of the Irish House of Commons 1640 to 1641
• Click here. Ohlmeyer 2004 in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
• Click here. Ó Siochrú in Dictionary of Irish Biography
• Click here. Seccombe 1893 in Dictionary of National Biography—This is about the 4th earl but the 1st earl is treated as a co-subject
• Click here. Webb 1878 in Compendium of Irish Biography

{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}

• {{Cite book |last=Adams |first=Constance Louisa |date=1904 |title=Castles of Ireland – Some Fortress Histories and Legends |publisher=Elliot Stock |location=London |oclc=751487142 |url=https://archive.org/details/castlesofireland00adamiala/ }}
• {{Cite book |last=Aiazza |first=Giuseppe |translator-last=Hutton |translator-first=Annie |date=1873 |title=The Embassy in Ireland of Monsignor G. B. Rinuccini, Archbishop of Fermo, in the Years 1645–1649 |publisher=Alexander Thom |location=Dublin |oclc=1037551732 |url=https://archive.org/details/3773599/ }}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Airy |first=Osmund |author-link=Osmund Airy |editor-last=Lee |editor-first=Sidney |editor-link=Sidney Lee |date=1886 |title=Butler, James, twelfth Earl and first Duke of Ormonde (1610–1688) |encyclopedia=Dictionary of National Biography |volume=VIII |publisher=MacMillan and Co. |location=New York |pages=52–60 |oclc=8544105 |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati08stepuoft/page/52/ }}
• {{Cite web |last=Armstrong |first=Robert |editor1-last=McGuire |editor1-first=James |editor2-last=Quinn |editor2-first=James |date=October 2009 |title=Barry, David Fitz-David |website=Dictionary of Irish Biography |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/barry-david-fitz-david-a0468 |access-date=6 August 2021 }}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Asch |first=Ronald G. |editor1-last=Matthew |editor1-first=Colin |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004 |title=Wentworth, Thomas, first earl of Strafford (1593–1641) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=56 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=142–157 |isbn=0-19-861408-X |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_019861408x/page/142/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Ashley |first=Maurice |author-link=Maurice Ashley (historian) |date=1954 |title=Cromwell's Generals |publisher=Jonathan Cape |location=London |oclc=186584936 |url=https://archive.org/details/cromwellsgeneral0000ashl/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Ashley |first=Maurice |author-link=Maurice Ashley (historian) |date=1977 |title=General Monck |publisher=Rowman and Littlefield |location=Totowa, New Jersey |isbn=0-87471-934-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/generalmonck00maur |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite EB1911|last=Atkinson |first=Charles Francis |wstitle=Great Rebellion |volume=12 |pages=403–421}}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Bagwell |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Bagwell |editor-last=Lee |editor-first=Sidney |editor-link=Sidney Lee |date=1895 |title=O'Brien, Murrough, first Earl of Inchiquin (1614–1674) |encyclopedia=Dictionary of National Biography |volume=XLI |publisher=MacMillan and Co. |location=New York |pages=320–327 |oclc=8544105 |url=https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofnati41stepuoft/page/320/ }}
• {{Cite book |last=Bagwell |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Bagwell |date=1909a |title=Ireland under the Stuarts and under the Interregnum |volume=I |publisher=Longmans, Green, and Co. |location=London |oclc=458582656 |url=https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua01bagw/ }} – 1603 to 1642
• {{Cite book |last=Bagwell |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Bagwell |date=1909b |title=Ireland under the Stuarts and under the Interregnum |volume=II |publisher=Longmans, Green, and Co. |location=London |oclc=458582656 |url=https://archive.org/details/irelandunderstua02bagw/ }} – 1642 to 1660
• {{Cite book |last=Ball |first=Francis Elrington |author-link=F. Elrington Ball |date=1926 |title=The Judges in Ireland 1221–1921 |edition=1st |volume=I |publisher=John Murray |location=London |oclc=832154869 |url=https://archive.org/details/judgesinireland10000unse/ }} – 1221 to 1690
• {{Cite book |last1=Barnard |first1=Toby Christopher |author1-link=Toby Barnard |last2=Fenlon |first2=Jane |date=2000 |title=The Dukes of Ormonde, 1610–1745 |publisher=The Boydell Press |location=Woodbridge |isbn=0-85115-761-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dd10jDnfVdUC }}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Barnard |first=Toby |author-link=Toby Barnard |editor1-last=Matthew |editor-first=Henry Colin Gray. |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004a |title=Boyle, Roger, first earl of Orrery (1621–1679) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=7 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=109–114 |isbn=0-19-861357-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary07matt/page/109/ |url-access=registration }} – Known as Baron Broghill 1628 to 1660
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Barnard |first=Toby |author-link=Toby Barnard |editor1-last=Matthew |editor-first=Henry Colin Gray. |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004b |title=Butler, James, first duke of Ormond (1610–1688) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=9 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=153–163 |isbn=0-19-861359-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/153/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Beckett |first=James Camlin |author-link=J. C. Beckett |date=1966 |title=The Making of Modern Ireland |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |location=New York |oclc=1036657621 |url=https://archive.org/details/makingofmodernir00beck/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Belloc |first=Hilaire |author-link=Hilaire Belloc |date=1934 |title=Cromwell |publisher=J. B. Lippincott & Co. |location=Philadelphia |oclc=615038242 |url=https://archive.org/details/cromwell0000unse/ }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Borlase |first1=Edmund |author1-link=Edmund Borlase |last2=Hyde |first2=Edward |author2-link=Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon |date=1680 |title=The History of the Execrable Irish Rebellion |publisher=Robert Clavel |location=London |oclc=1069418781 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vo8RchQIeuAC }}
• {{Cite book |editor-last=Bourke |editor-first=Angela |date=2002 |title=The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing |volume=V |publisher=New York University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-8147-9907-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qZ6W1LiIyYYC }} – Volume title: Irish Women's Writing and Traditions (for Lady Dowdall's narration)
• {{Cite book |last=Boyce |first=David George |author-link=D. G. Boyce |date=1995 |orig-date=1st pub. 1982 |title=Nationalism in Ireland |edition=3rd |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=0-415-12776-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalisminire00boyc/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Breffny |first=Brian de |date=1977 |title=Castles of Ireland |publisher=Thames and Hudson |location=London |isbn=978-0-500-27398-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/castlesofireland0000debr |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Brewer |first=James Norris |author-link=James Norris Brewer |date=1826 |title=The Beauties of Ireland |volume=II |publisher=Sherwood, Gilbert, & Piper |location=London |oclc=4286306 |url=https://archive.org/details/beautiesireland01brewgoog }} – Leinster (continued (Carlow, Kildare, Queen’s County, King’s County, Meath, Westmeath, Longford, Louth), & Munster
• {{Cite journal |last=Buckley |first=James |date=1898 |title=The battle of Liscarroll, 1642 |journal=Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society |volume=4 |issue=38 |pages=83–100 |url=https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1898/b1898-010.pdf }}
• {{Cite book |last=Budgell |first=Eustace |author-link=Eustace Budgell |editor-last=Brady |editor-first=Donald |date=2003 |orig-date=1st pub. 1732 |title=Memoirs of the Lives and Characters of the Illustrious Family of the Boyles; Particularly of the Eminently Learned Charles, Earl of Orrery |publisher=County Waterford Council |location=Lismore |isbn=0-9532022-3-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/memoirsoflivesch0000budg/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Burghclere |first=Winifred Anne Henrietta Christina Herbert Gardner, Baroness |date=1912 |title=Life of James, first Duke of Ormonde, 1610–1688 |publisher=J. Murray |location=London |oclc=1048334435 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesfirs01burg/ }}
• {{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Bernard |author-link=Bernard Burke |date=1866 |title=A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire |edition=New |publisher=Harrison |location=London |oclc=11501348 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_K3MaAAAAYAAJ/ }} (for MacCarty and Thomond)
• {{Cite book |last1=Burke |first1=Bernard |author1-link=Bernard Burke |last2=Burke |first2=Ashworth Peter |date=1915 |title=A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage and Baronetage, the Privy Council, Knightage and Companionage |edition=77th |publisher=Harrison |location=London |oclc=1155471554 |url=https://archive.org/details/b3136410x/ }} – (for Ormond)
• {{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Rev. William |date=1907 |title=History of Clonmel |publisher=The Clonmel Library Committee |location=Clonmel |oclc=903076885 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyclonmel00burkgoog/ }}
• {{Cite journal |last=Butler |first=William F. T. |date=1904 |title=The Barony of Carbery |journal=Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society |volume=10 |issue=61 |pages=1–10 |url=https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1904/b1904-001.pdf }} – West Carbery
• {{Cite book |last=Butler |first=William F. T. |date=1925 |title=Gleanings from Irish History |publisher=Longmans, Green and Co. |location=London |oclc=557681240 |url=https://archive.org/details/irishhistory0000unse/ }}
• {{Cite book |last=Carte |first=Thomas |author-link=Thomas Carte |date=1851a |orig-date=1st pub. 1736 |title=The Life of James Duke of Ormond |edition=New |volume=I |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |oclc=1086656347 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesdukeo01cart/ }} – 1613 to 1641
• {{Cite book |last=Carte |first=Thomas |author-link=Thomas Carte |date=1851b |orig-date=1st pub. 1736 |title=The Life of James Duke of Ormond |edition=New |volume=II |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |oclc=1086656347 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesdukeo02cart/ }} – 1641 to 1643
• {{Cite book |last=Carte |first=Thomas |author-link=Thomas Carte |date=1851c |orig-date=1st pub. 1736 |title=The Life of James Duke of Ormond |edition=New |volume=III |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |oclc=1086656347 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesdukeo03cart/ }} – 1643 to 1660
• {{Cite book |last=Castlehaven |first=James Touchet |author-link=James Tuchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven |date=1815 |orig-date=1st pub. 1684 |title=Earl of Castlehaven's Review or his Memoirs of his Engagement and Carriage in the Irish Wars |publisher=George Mullens |location=Dublin |oclc=906518547 |url=https://archive.org/details/earlcastlehaven00anglgoog/ }}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Casway |first=Jerrold I. |editor1-last=Matthew |editor1-first=Colin |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004 |title=O'Neill, Owen Roe [Eoghan Ruadh O'Neill] (c.1550–1649) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=41 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=851–856 |isbn=0-19-861391-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613911/page/851/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Chester |first=Joseph Lemuel |date=1876 |title=Registers of Westminster Abbey |publisher=Private Edition |location=London |oclc=1140248 |url=https://archive.org/details/marriagebaptism01chesgoog/ }} – Marriages, baptisms and burials from about 1660 to 1875
• {{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Ruth |date=1921 |title=Anthony Hamilton: his Life and Works and his Family |publisher=John Lane |location=London |oclc=459281163 |url=https://archive.org/details/anthonyhamiltonh00claruoft/ }}
• {{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Ruth |date=1972 |orig-date=1st pub. 1932 |title=Strangers and Sojourners at Port Royal |publisher=Octagon Books |location=New York |isbn=0-374-91664-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/strangerssojourn0000clar/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Clavin |first=Terry |editor1-last=Matthew |editor1-first=Colin |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004 |title=St. Leger, William, d. 1642 |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=48 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=658–660 |isbn=0-19-861398-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613989/page/658/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Coffey |first=Diarmid |date=1914 |title=O'Neill and Ormond – A Chapter of Irish History |publisher=Maunsel & Company |location=Dublin |oclc=906164979 |url=https://archive.org/details/oneillormondchap00coffuoft/ }}
• {{Cite book |last=Cokayne |first=George Edward |author-link=George Edward Cokayne |date=1890 |title=Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant |edition=1st |volume=III |publisher=George Bell and Sons |location=London |oclc=1180838776 |url=https://archive.org/details/completepeerage03cokahrish/ }} – D to F (for Fermoy)
• {{Cite book |last=Cokayne |first=George Edward |author-link=George Edward Cokayne |date=1893 |title=Complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant |edition=1st |volume=V |publisher=George Bell and Sons |location=London |oclc=1180836840 |url=https://archive.org/details/completepeerage05cokahrish/ }} – L to M (for Mountcashel & Muskerry)
• {{Cite book |last=Cokayne |first=George Edward |author-link=George Edward Cokayne |date=1896 |title=Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant |edition=1st |volume=VII |publisher=George Bell and Sons |location=London |oclc=1180891114 |url=https://archive.org/details/completepeerage07cokahrish/ }} – S to T (for Strafford and Thomond)
• {{Cite book |last=Cokayne |first=George Edward |author-link=George Edward Cokayne |date=1900 |title=Complete Baronetage, 1611 to 1800 |edition=1st |volume=I |publisher=William Pollard & Co |location=Exeter |oclc=866278985 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924092524374/ }} – 1611 to 1625 (for Browne)
• {{Cite book |last=Cokayne |first=George Edward |author-link=George Edward Cokayne |date=1902 |title=Complete Baronetage, 1611 to 1800 |edition=1st |volume=II |publisher=William Pollard & Co |location=Exeter |oclc=866278985 |url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092524382 }} – 1625 to 1649 (for the subject)
• {{Cite book |last=Cokayne |first=George Edward |author-link=George Edward Cokayne |editor-last=Gibbs |editor-first=Vicary |editor-link=Vicary Gibbs (St Albans MP) |date=1913 |title=The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant |edition=2nd |volume=III |publisher=St Catherine Press |location=London |oclc=228661424 |url=https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo03coka/ }} – Canonteign to Cutts (for Clancarty and Fermoy)
• {{Cite book |last=Cokayne |first=George Edward |author-link=George Edward Cokayne |editor-last=Gibbs |editor-first=Vicary |editor-link=Vicary Gibbs (St Albans MP) |date=1926 |title=The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant |edition=2nd |volume=V |publisher=St Catherine Press |location=London |oclc=228661424 |url=https://archive.org/details/CokayneG.E.TheCompletePeerageSecondEditionVolume5EAGO/ }} – Eardley of Spalding to Goojerat (for Fermoy and Fingall)
• {{Cite web |last=Coolahan |first=Marie-Louise |date=9 May 2019 |title=Dowdall [née Southwell], Elizabeth |website=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |doi=10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.112775 |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/index/112775 |access-date=14 March 2021 |url-access=subscription }} – ODBC on line
• {{Cite book |last=Coonan |first=Thomas L. |date=1954 |title=The Irish Catholic Confederacy and the Puritan Revolution |publisher=Clonmore & Reynolds Ltd. |location=Dublin |oclc=1154300579 |url=https://archive.org/details/irishcatholiccon0000thom/ }} – Moels to Nuneham
• {{Cite book |last=Corish |first=Patrick J. |author-link=Patrick Corish |editor1-last=Moody |editor1-first=Theodore William |editor1-link=Theodore William Moody |editor2-last=Martin |editor2-first=F. X. |editor2-link=F. X. Martin |editor3-last=Byrne |editor3-first=Francis John |editor3-link=Francis John Byrne |date=1976a |title=A New History of Ireland |volume=III |chapter=Chapter XI: The rising of 1641 and the Catholic Confederacy, 1641–5 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |pages=289–316 |isbn=978-0-19-820242-4 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OhceE8RkisEC&pg=289 }} – 1641 to 1645 (Preview)
• {{Cite book |last=Corish |first=Patrick J. |author-link=Patrick Corish |editor1-last=Moody |editor1-first=Theodore William |editor1-link=Theodore William Moody |editor2-last=Martin |editor2-first=F. X. |editor2-link=F. X. Martin |editor3-last=Byrne |editor3-first=Francis John |editor3-link=Francis John Byrne |date=1976b |title=A New History of Ireland |volume=III |chapter=Chapter XII: Ormond, Rinuccini, and the confederates |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |pages=317–335 |isbn=978-0-19-820242-4 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OhceE8RkisEC&pg=317 }} – 1645 to 1649 (Preview)
• {{Cite book |last=Corish |first=Patrick J. |author-link=Patrick Corish |editor1-last=Moody |editor1-first=Theodore William |editor1-link=Theodore William Moody |editor2-last=Martin |editor2-first=F. X. |editor2-link=F. X. Martin |editor3-last=Byrne |editor3-first=Francis John |editor3-link=Francis John Byrne |date=1976c |title=A New History of Ireland |volume=III |chapter=Chapter XIII: Cromwellian Conquest |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |pages=336–353 |isbn=978-0-19-820242-4 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OhceE8RkisEC&pg=336 }} – 1650 to 1653 (Preview)
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Corish |first=Patrick J. |author-link=Patrick Corish |editor1-last=Matthew |editor1-first=Colin |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004 |title=Queally, Malachy |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=45 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=667–668 |isbn=0-19-861395-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary45matt/page/667/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Cregan |first=Donal F. |editor-last=Farrell |editor-first=Brian |date=1973 |title=The Irish Parliamentary Tradition |chapter=The Confederation of Kilkenny |publisher=Gill & MacMillan |location=Dublin |pages=102–115 |isbn=0-7171-0594-6 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/irishparliamenta0000unse/page/102/ |url=https://archive.org/details/irishparliamenta0000unse/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite journal |last=Cregan |first=Donal F. |date=1995 |title=The Confederate Catholics of Ireland: The Personal of the Confederation, 1642–9 |journal=Irish Historical Studies |volume=29 |issue=116 |pages=490–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021121400012256 |jstor=30006772 |s2cid=159935676 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30006772 |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite journal |last=Creighton |first=Anne |date=2004 |title=The Remonstrance of December 1661 and Catholic Politics in Restoration Ireland |journal=Irish Historical Studies |volume=34 |issue=133 |pages=16–41 |doi=10.1017/S0021121400004065 |jstor=30008650 |s2cid=155960043 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/30008650 |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite web |last=Creighton |first=Anne |date=October 2009 |title=Plunket, Luke |website=Dictionary of Irish Biography |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/plunket-luke-a7370 |access-date=5 August 2021 }}
• {{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Bernadette |date=October 2009 |title=O'Brien, Donough |website=Dictionary of Irish Biography |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/obrien-donough-a6461 |access-date=3 August 2021 }}
• {{Cite book |last=Cusack |first=Mary Frances |author-link=Mary Frances Cusack |date=1871 |title=A Compendium of Irish History |publisher=Patrick Donahoe |location=Boston |oclc=873009963 |url=https://archive.org/details/compendiumofiris00cusa/ }}
• {{Cite web|last=Dorney|first=John|date=10 January 2014|title=The Eleven Years War 1641–52 – A Brief Overview|url=https://www.theirishstory.com/2014/01/10/the-eleven-years-war-a-brief-overview/|website=The Irish Story|access-date=6 October 2021}}
• {{Cite book |last=Duffy |first=Seán |date=2002 |title=The Illustrated History of Ireland |publisher=Contemporary Books |location=New York |isbn=0-8092-2437-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto0000duff/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Dunlop |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Dunlop (historian) |editor-last=Ward |editor-first=Adolphus William |editor-link=Adolphus Ward |editor2-last=Prothero |editor2-first=G. W. |editor3-last=Leathes |editor3-first=Stanley |editor3-link=Stanley Mordaunt Leathes |date=1906 |title=The Cambridge Modern History |volume=IV |chapter=Chapter 18: Ireland from the Plantation of Ulster to the Cromwellian Settlement (1611–1659) |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |pages=513–538 |oclc=1156334955 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgemodernh0004unse/page/513/ }} – 1611 to 1659
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last1=Dunlop |first1=Robert |author1-link=Robert Dunlop (historian) |last2=Cunningham |first2=Bernadette |editor1-last=Matthew |editor1-first=Colin |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004 |title=Roche, David, seventh viscount Roche of Fermoy (1573?–1635) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=47 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=460–461 |isbn=0-19-861397-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613970/page/460/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Firth |first=Charles Harding |author-link=Charles Firth (historian) |date=1894 |orig-date=1st pub. 1698 |title=The Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow Lieutenant-General of the Horse in the Army of the Commonwealth of England 1625–1672 |volume=I |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |oclc=1113948779 |url=https://archive.org/details/memoirsedmundlu01firtgoog/ }} – 1625 to 1655
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Firth |first=Charles Harding |author-link=Charles Firth (historian) |editor-last=Lee |editor-first=Sidney |editor-link=Sidney Lee |date=1899 |title=Waller, Sir Hardress (1604?–1666?) |encyclopedia=Dictionary of National Biography |volume=LIX |publisher=The MacMillan Company |location=New York |pages=127–129 |oclc=8544105 |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio40stepgoog/page/n139/ }}
• {{Cite journal |last=Firth |first=Charles Harding |author-link=Charles Firth (historian) |date=1903 |title=Royalist and Cromwellian Armies in Flanders (1657–1662) |journal=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society |series=New Series |volume=17 |pages=67–119 |doi=10.2307/3678138 |jstor=3678138 |s2cid=163012566 |url=https://archive.org/stream/transactions17royauoft#page/67/ }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Firth |first1=Charles Harding |author-link=Charles Firth (historian) |last2=Rait |first2=R. S. |date=1911 |title=The Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum |series=Laws, etc. |volume=II |publisher=His/Her Majesty's Stationery Office |location=London |oclc=271021959 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=inu.30000046036137 }}
• {{Cite book |last=Foster |first=Robert Fitzroy |author-link=R. F. Foster (historian) |date=1989 |title=The Oxford History of Ireland |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-280202-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00rffo/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=French |first=Rev. Nicholas |author-link=Nicholas French |editor-last=Bindon |editor-first=Samuel Henry |date=1846 |orig-date=1st pub. 1676 |title=The Historical Works of the Right Rev. Nicholas French |volume=II |publisher=James Duffy |location=Dublin |oclc=4187137 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-y82AAAAMAAJ }} – Contains "The Unkinde Desertor of Loyall Men and True Frinds"
• {{Cite book |editor-last=Fryde |editor-first=Edmund Boleslaw |editor-link=Edmund Fryde |editor2-last=Greenway |editor2-first=D. E. |editor3-last=Porter |editor3-first=S. |editor4-last=Roy |editor4-first=I. |date=1986 |title=Handbook of British Chronology |publisher=Offices of the Royal Historical Society |edition=3rd |series=Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, No. 2 |location=London |isbn=0-86193-106-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofbritis0000unse/ |url-access=registration }} – (for timeline)
• {{Cite book |last=Gardiner |first=Samuel Rawson |author-link=Samuel Rawson Gardiner |date=1886 |title=History of the Great Civil War 1642–1649 |volume=I |publisher=Longmans, Green & Co. |location=London |oclc=874431332 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofgreatci01garduoft }} – 1642 to 1644
• {{Cite journal |last=Gardiner |first=Samuel Rawson |author-link=Samuel Rawson Gardiner |date=1887 |title=Charles and the Earl of Glamorgan |journal=The English Historical Review |volume=2 |issue=8 |pages=687–708 |jstor=546913 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/546913 |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Gardiner |first=Samuel Rawson |author-link=Samuel Rawson Gardiner |date=1893a |title=History of the Great Civil War 1642–1649 |edition=New |volume=III |publisher=Longmans, Green & Co. |location=London |oclc=174542284 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofgreatci03garduoft/ }} – 1645 to 1647
• {{Cite book |last=Gardiner |first=Samuel Rawson |author-link=Samuel Rawson Gardiner |date=1893b |title=History of the Great Civil War 1642–1649 |edition=New |volume=IV |publisher=Longmans, Green & Co. |location=London |oclc=174542285 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofgreatci04garduoft/ }} – 1647 to 1649 & Index
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Gerard |first=John |editor-last=Herbermann |editor-first=Charles George |editor-link=Charles George Herbermann |date=1913 |title=Chronology, General |encyclopedia=Catholic Encyclopedia |volume=III |publisher=The Encyclopedia Press |location=New York |pages=738–742 |oclc=1157968788 |url=https://archive.org/details/catholicencyclo06unkngoog/page/n808/ }}
• {{Cite book |last=Gibson |first=Charles Bernard |date=1861a |title=The History of the County and City of Cork |volume=I |publisher=Thomas C. Newby |location=London |oclc=1046580159 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofcountyc01gibsiala/ }} – to 1603
• {{Cite book |last=Gibson |first=Charles Bernard |date=1861b |title=The History of the County and City of Cork |volume=II |publisher=Thomas C. Newby |location=London |oclc=1046522071 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofcountyc02gibsiala }} – 1603 to 1860
• {{Cite book |last1=Gibson |first1=A. J. S. |last2=Smout |first2=Thomas Christopher |author2-link=Christopher Smout |date=1995 |title=Prices, Food and Wages in Scotland, 1550–1780 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=0-521-34656-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zgp1JjQU78EC }}
• {{Cite book |editor-last=Gilbert |editor-first=John Thomas |editor-link=John Thomas Gilbert |date=1879 |title=A Contemporary History of Affairs in Ireland from 1641 to 1652 |volume=I |issue=Part I |publisher=Irish Archeological and Celtic Society |location=Dublin |oclc=831383411 |url=https://archive.org/details/acontemporaryhi00socigoog/ }} – Aphorismical Discovery, 1641 to 1648
• {{Cite book |editor-last=Gilbert |editor-first=John Thomas |editor-link=John Thomas Gilbert |date=1882a |title=History of the Irish Confederation and the War in Ireland 1641–1643 |series=Historic literature of Ireland |edition=limited to two hundred copies |volume=I |publisher=Printed for the editor by M. H. Gill & Son |location=Dublin |oclc=220683699 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101042590099 }} – History based on Richard Bellings’s memoirs
• {{Cite book |editor-last=Gilbert |editor-first=John Thomas |editor-link=John Thomas Gilbert |date=1882b |title=History of the Irish Confederation and the War in Ireland 1641–1643 |series=Historic literature of Ireland |edition=limited to two hundred copies |volume=II |publisher=Printed for the editor by M. H. Gill & Son |location=Dublin |oclc=220683699 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101042590107 }} – Letters, acts, and Lady Dowdall's narration
• {{Cite book |last=Gillespie |first=Raymond |date=2006 |title=Seventeenth-Century Ireland: Making Ireland Modern |publisher=Gill & MacMillan |location=Dublin |isbn=978-0-7171-3946-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/seventeenthcentu0000gill/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite journal |last=Gillman |first=Herbert Webb |author-link=Herbert Webb Gillman |date=1892 |title=Historical Pedigree 1380 to 1641 A.D., of MacCarthys, Lord of Muskerry, Co. Cork |journal=Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society |volume=1 |issue=10 |at=fold-out |url=https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1892/b1892-175.pdf }}
• {{Cite book |last=Godwin |first=William |author-link=William Godwin |date=1827 |title=History of the Commonwealth of England |volume=The Third |publisher=Henry Colburn |location=London |oclc=310477851 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.37706/ }} – 1649 to 1653
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Hagan |first=J. |editor-last=Herbermann |editor-first=Charles George |editor-link=Charles George Herbermann |date=1912 |title=Walsh, Peter |encyclopedia=Catholic Encyclopedia |volume=XV |publisher=The Encyclopedia Press |location=New York |page=541 |oclc=1157968788 |url=https://archive.org/details/catholicencyclo06commgoog/page/541/ }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Hanks |first1=Patrick |last2=Hodges |first2=Flavia |date=1990 |title=A Dictionary of First Names |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=0-19-860764-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoffirs0000hank/ }} – (for Donough)
• {{Cite journal |last=Hamlyn |first=Kate |date=2007 |title=Blarney Castle: Myth and Reality |journal=Irish Arts Review |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=126–129 |jstor=25503636 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25503636 |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Harris |first=Tim |date=2014 |title=Rebellion, Britains's First Stuart Kings 1567–1642 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-920900-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bbrrAQAAQBAJ }} – (Preview)
• {{Cite book |last=Harris |first=William Torrey |author-link=William Torrey Harris |date=1930 |title=Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language |publisher=G. & C. Merriam Company |location=Springfield, Massachusetts |oclc=1158283506 |url=https://archive.org/details/webstersnewinter00webs/ }}
• {{Cite book |last=Hayes-McCoy |first=Gerard Anthony |author-link=Gerard Anthony Hayes-McCoy |date=1990 |orig-date=1st pub. 1969 |title=Irish Battles: A Military History of Ireland |publisher=The Appletree Press |location=Belfast |isbn=0-86281-250-X |url=https://archive.org/details/irishbattlesmili0000haye/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Hey |first=David |date=1996 |title=The Oxford Companion to Family and Local History |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=0-19-211688-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_r9p4 |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Hickson |first=Mary Agnes |author-link=Mary Agnes Hickson |date=1884a |title=Ireland in the Seventeenth Century: Or the Massacres of 1641–2 |volume=I |publisher=Longmans, Green, and Co. |location=London |oclc=1047479300 |url=https://archive.org/details/irelandinsevente01hick_0/ }} – Preface, Introduction, Depositions
• {{Cite book |last=Hickson |first=Mary Agnes |author-link=Mary Agnes Hickson |date=1884b |title=Ireland in the Seventeenth Century: Or the Massacres of 1641–2 |volume=II |publisher=Longmans, Green, and Co. |location=London |oclc=1047479046 |url=https://archive.org/details/irelandinsevente02hick/ }} – Depositions (continued), Records of the High Court of Justice, and Appendix
• {{Cite book |last=Hill |first=Rev. George |date=1873 |title=An Historical Account of the MacDonnells of Antrim |publisher=Archer & Sons |location=Belfast |oclc=1046037789 |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalacmacd00hill/ }}
• {{Cite book |author=House of Commons |date=1878 |title=Return. Members of Parliament – Part II. Parliaments of Great Britain, 1705–1796. Parliaments of the United Kingdom, 1801–1874. Parliaments and Conventions of the Estates of Scotland, 1357–1707. Parliaments of Ireland, 1599–1800. |publisher=His/Her Majesty's Stationery Office |location=London |oclc=13112546 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L1ETAAAAYAAJ }}
• {{Cite book |author=House of Lords |date=1779 |title=Journals of the House of Lords |volume=I |publisher=William Sleater |location=Dublin |oclc=35009219 |url=https://opac.oireachtas.ie/Data/Library7/Library1/DC900086.pdf |access-date=17 January 2022 }} – 1634 to 1699
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Hunter-Blair |first=D. O. |editor-last=Herbermann |editor-first=Charles George |editor-link=Charles George Herbermann |date=1913 |title=Oxford, University of |encyclopedia=Catholic Encyclopedia |volume=XI |publisher=The Encyclopedia Press |location=New York |page=365 |oclc=1157968788 |url=https://archive.org/details/catholicencyclo07herbgoog/page/n398/ }}
• {{Cite book |last=Hyde |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon |date=1827 |title=The Life of Edward Earl of Clarendon |edition=A new |volume=II |publisher=The Clarendon Printing House |location=Oxford |oclc=1283560 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeedwardearlc02clargoog/ }} – 1661 to 1665
• {{Cite journal |author=J. C. |date=1908 |title=Admiral Penn, William Penn, and their descendants in the County Cork |journal=Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society |volume=14 |issue=79 |pages=105–114 |url=https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1908/b1908-037.pdf }}
• {{Cite book |last=Joyce |first=Patrick Weston |author-link=Patrick Weston Joyce |date=1903 |title=A Concise History of Ireland from the Earliest Times to 1837 |publisher=M. H. Gill & Son |location=Dublin |edition=12th |oclc=815623752 |url=https://archive.org/details/aconcisehistory00joycgoog/ }}
• {{Cite book |last=Kearney |first=Hugh Francis |author-link=Hugh Kearney |date=1959 |title=Strafford in Ireland 1633–1641 – a Study in Absolutism |publisher=Manchester University Press |location=Manchester |oclc=857142293 |url=https://archive.org/details/straffordinirela00kear/ }}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Kelsey |first=Sean |editor1-last=Matthew |editor1-first=Henry Colin Gray |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004 |title=Butler, Richard, third viscount Mountgarret (1578–1651) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=9 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=196–197 |isbn=0-19-861359-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/196/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Lainé |first=P. Louis |date=1836 |title=Archives généalogiques et historiques de la noblesse de France |volume=Tome cinquième |trans-title=Genealogical and Historical Archives of the Nobility of France |chapter=Mac-Carthy |publisher=Imprimerie de Bethune et Plon |location=Paris |pages=1–102 |oclc=865941166 |language=fr |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/archivesgenealog05lain/page/n148/ }}
• {{Cite journal |last=Lenihan |first=Padraig |date=1997 |title=War and Population 1649–52 |journal=Irish Economic and Social History |volume=24 |pages=1–21 |doi=10.1177/033248939702400101 |jstor=24340829 |s2cid=165107823 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/24340829/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Lenihan |first=Pádraig |editor1-last=Matthew |editor-first=Henry Colin Gray |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004 |title=Barry, Gerat (d. 1646) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=4 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=130–131 |isbn=0-19-861354-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary04matt/page/130/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Lenihan |first=Pádraig |date=2008 |title=Consolidating Conquest: Ireland 1603–1727 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-0-582-77217-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RTKiAwAAQBAJ }} – (Preview)
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Little |first=Patrick |editor1-last=Matthew |editor1-first=Colin |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004a |title=O'Brien, Murrough, first earl of Inchiquin (1614–1674) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=41 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=373–380 |isbn=0-19-861391-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613911/page/373/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Little |first=Patrick |editor1-last=Matthew |editor1-first=Colin |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004b |title=Perceval, Sir Philip |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=43 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=661–637 |isbn=0-19-861393-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613938/page/661/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Little |first=Patrick |editor1-last=Matthew |editor1-first=Colin |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004c |title=Waller, Sir Hardress (c.1604–1666) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=56 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=977–979 |isbn=0-19-861406-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198614063/page/977/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Lodge |first=John |author-link=John Lodge (archivist) |editor-last=Archdall |editor-first=Mervyn |editor-link=Mervyn Archdall (Irish antiquary) |date=1789a |title=The Peerage of Ireland or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom |volume=II |publisher=James Moore |location=Dublin |oclc=264906028 |url=https://archive.org/details/peerageofireland02lodg/ }} – Earls
• {{Cite book |last=Lodge |first=John |author-link=John Lodge (archivist) |editor-last=Archdall |editor-first=Mervyn |editor-link=Mervyn Archdall (Irish antiquary) |date=1789b |title=The Peerage of Ireland or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom |volume=IV |publisher=James Moore |location=Dublin |oclc=264906028 |url=https://archive.org/details/peerageofireland04lodg/ }} – Viscounts
• {{Cite book |last=Lodge |first=John |author-link=John Lodge (archivist) |editor-last=Archdall |editor-first=Mervyn |editor-link=Mervyn Archdall (Irish antiquary) |date=1789c |title=The Peerage of Ireland or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom |volume=VI |publisher=James Moore |location=Dublin |oclc=264906028 |url=https://archive.org/details/peerageofireland06lodg/ }} – Viscounts, barons
• {{Cite book |last=Lodge |first=John |author-link=John Lodge (archivist) |editor-last=Archdall |editor-first=Mervyn |editor-link=Mervyn Archdall (Irish antiquary) |date=1789d |title=The Peerage of Ireland or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom |volume=VII |publisher=James Moore |location=Dublin |oclc=264906028 |url=https://archive.org/details/peerageofireland07lodg/ }} – Barons (for his sister Mary)
• {{Cite book |last=Mackenzie |first=Thérèse Muir |date=1907 |title=Dromana: the Memoirs of an Irish Family |publisher=Sealy, Bryers, and Walker |location=Dublin |oclc=1156362488 |url=https://archive.org/details/dromanamemoirsof00mackiala/ }}
• {{Cite book |editor-last=Macray |editor-first=Rev. W. Dunn |editor-link=William Dunn Macray |date=1876 |title=Calendar of the Clarendon State Papers |volume=III |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |oclc=1041641193 |url=https://archive.org/details/calendarofclaren03bodluoft/ }} – 1655 to 1657
• {{Cite book |last=Mahaffy |first=John Pentland |author-link=John Pentland Mahaffy |editor-last=Wright |editor-first=Edward Perceval |editor-link=Edward Percival Wright |date=1891 |title=The Book of Trinity College, Dublin 1591 1891 |chapter=From the Caroline Reform to the Settlement of William III |publisher=Marcus Ward & Co. |location=Belfast |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4CUBAAAAYAAJ/ }}
• {{Cite book |last=Mangianiello |first=Stephen C. |date=2004 |title=The Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of England, Scotland, and Ireland 1639–1660 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham MD |isbn=0-8108-5100-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=an-eXXA3DBMC }}
• {{Cite journal |last=Manning |first=Conleth |date=2001 |title=The Two Sir George Hamiltons and their Connections with the Castles of Roscrea and Nenagh |journal=Tipperary Historical Journal |pages=149–154 |url=https://tipperarystudies.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/The-two-Sir-George-Hamiltons-and-their-connections-with-the-castles-of-Roscrea-and-Nenagh.pdf }}
• {{Cite journal |last=McCarthy |first=Samuel Trant |date=1913 |title=The Clann Carthaigh (continued) |journal=Kerry Archaeological Magazine |volume=2 |issue=10 |pages=53–74 |doi=10.2307/30059665 |jstor=30059665 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30059665 |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=McCarthy |first=Samuel Trant |date=1922 |title=The MacCarthys of Munster |publisher=The Dundalgan Press |location=Dundalk |oclc=1157128759 |url=https://archive.org/details/maccarthysofmuns01mcca/ }}
• {{Cite web |last=McGettigan |first=Darren |date=October 2009 |title=Somerset, Edward |website=Dictionary of Irish Biography |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/somerset-edward-a8190 |access-date=31 August 2021 }}
• {{Cite thesis |last=McGrath |first=Brid |date=1997a |title=A Biographical Dictionary of the Membership of the Irish House of Commons 1640 to 1641 |type=Ph.D. |volume=1 |chapter=Donough Mc Carthy, (1594–1665) Cork County |publisher=Trinity College |location=Dublin |pages=203–204 |hdl=2262/77206 |chapter-url=http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/77206/ }} – Parliaments & Biographies (PDF downloadable from given URL)
• {{Cite thesis |last=McGrath |first=Brid |date=1997b |title=A Biographical Dictionary of the Membership of the Irish House of Commons 1640 to 1641 |type=Ph.D. |volume=1 |chapter=Redmond Roche Cork County |publisher=Trinity College |location=Dublin |pages=257–258 |hdl=2262/77206 |chapter-url=http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/77206/ }} – Parliaments & Biographies (PDF downloadable from given URL)
• {{Cite thesis |last=McGrath |first=Brid |date=1997c |title=A Biographical Dictionary of the Membership of the Irish House of Commons 1640 to 1641 |type=Ph.D. |volume=1 |chapter=William St. Leger (c1580–1642) Cork County |publisher=Trinity College |location=Dublin |pages=265–266 |hdl=2262/77206 |chapter-url=http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/77206/ }} – Parliaments & Biographies (PDF downloadable from given URL)
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=McGurk |first=J. J. N. |editor1-last=Matthew |editor1-first=Colin |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004 |title=O'Brien, Donough, fourth earl of Thomond (d. 1624) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=41 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=360–362 |isbn=0-19-861391-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613911/page/360/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Meehan |first=Rev. Charles Patrick |author-link=Charles Patrick Meehan |date=1882 |title=The Confederation of Kilkenny |edition=New revised and enlarged |publisher=James Duffy |location=Dublin |oclc=224157081 |url=https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/ }}
• {{Cite journal |last=M'Enery |first=M. J. |date=1904 |title=A Diary of the Siege of Limerick Castle, 1642 |journal=The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland |series=5th |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=163–187 |jstor=25507363 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25507363 |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Moody |first1=Theodore William |author1-link=Theodore William Moody |last2=Martin |first2=F. X. |author2-link=F. X. Martin |date=2001 |orig-date=1st pub. 1967 |title=The Course of Irish History |edition=4th |publisher=Roberts Rinehart Publishers |location=Oxford |isbn=1-58979-002-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/courseofirishhis0000unse_l7m3/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |editor1-last=Moody |editor1-first=Theodore William |editor1-link=Theodore William Moody |editor2-last=Martin |editor2-first=F. X. |editor2-link=F. X. Martin |editor3-last=Byrne |editor3-first=Francis John |editor3-link=Francis John Byrne |date=1984 |title=A New History of Ireland |volume=IX:Maps, Genealogies, Lists |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=0-19-821745-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofirel0000unse_x8v5/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Morgan |first=Hiram |editor-last=Connolly |editor-first=Sean Joseph |editor-link=Sean Connolly (academic) |date=2004 |title=Confederate War |encyclopedia=The Oxford Companion to Irish History |edition=2nd |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |pages=115–116 |isbn=0-19-280501-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_a3r4/page/115/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Moriarty |first=G. P. |editor-last=Lee |editor-first=Sidney |editor-link=Sidney Lee |date=1895 |title=Perceval, Sir Philip (1605–1647) |encyclopedia=Dictionary of National Biography |volume=XLIV |publisher=MacMillan and Co. |location=New York |pages=373–375 |oclc=1043016801 |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati44stepuoft/page/373/ }}
• {{Cite book |editor-last=Morrill |editor-first=John |date=1991 |title=The Impact of the English Civil War |publisher=Collins & Brown |location=London |isbn=1-85585-042-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/impactofenglishc0000unse/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Morrill |first=John |editor1-last=Matthew |editor1-first=Colin |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004 |title=Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=14 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=321–354 |isbn=0-19-861364-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613644/page/321/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Morley |first=Vincent |editor1-last=Bourke |editor1-first=Richard |editor2-last=McBride |editor2-first=Ian |date=2016 |title=The Princeton History of Modern Ireland |chapter=The Irish Language |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton |pages=320–342 |isbn=978-0-691-15406-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HTRJCgAAQBA }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• {{Cite book |last=Mountmorres |first=Hervey Redmond Morres, Viscount |date=1792 |title=The History of the Principal Transactions of the Irish Parliament from the Year 1634 to 1666 |volume=I |publisher=T. Cadell |location=London |oclc=843863159 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyprincipa00soutgoog/ }} – House of Lords
• {{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Elaine |date=2012a |title=Ireland and the War at Sea 1641–1653 |publisher=The Boydell Press |location=Rochester NY |isbn=978-0-86193-318-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5M5zVuYWAX8C }}
• {{Cite journal |last=Murphy |first=Elaine |date=2012b |title=Two Inventories of Goods Belonging to Sir Hardress Waller in Ireland |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland |volume=142/143 |pages=140–154 |jstor=24892516 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24892516 |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=John A. |author-link=John A. Murphy |date=1959 |title=Justin MacCarthy, Lord Mountcashel, Commander of the First Irish brigade in France |publisher=Cork University Press |location=Cork |oclc=6340176 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hDVIAAAAMAAJ }} – (Snippet view)
• {{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=John A. |author-link=John A. Murphy |date=October 2009 |title=O'Brien, Murrough |website=Dictionary of Irish Biography |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/obrien-murrough-a6487 |access-date=28 June 2021 }}
• {{Cite journal |last=Ó hAnnracháin |first=Tadhg |date=2008 |title=The poet and the Mutinies: Pádraigín Haicéad and the Munster Army in 1647 |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature |volume=108C |pages=65–74 |doi=10.1353/ria.2008.0002 |jstor=40657922 |s2cid=245848315 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40657922 |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite journal |last=O Callaghan |first=Joseph F. |date=1990 |title=The O Callaghans and the Rebellion of 1641 |journal=Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society |volume=95 |pages=30–40 |url=https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1990/b1990-003.pdf }}
• {{Cite book |last=Ó Cuív |first=Brian |author-link=Brian Ó Cuív |editor1-last=Moody |editor1-first=Theodore William |editor1-link=Theodore William Moody |editor2-last=Martin |editor2-first=F. X. |editor2-link=F. X. Martin |editor3-last=Byrne |editor3-first=Francis John |editor3-link=Francis John Byrne |date=1976 |title=A New History of Ireland |volume=III |chapter=Chapter XX: The Irish Language in the Early Modern Period |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |pages=509–545 |isbn=978-0-19-820242-4 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofirel0000unse/page/509 |url=https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofirel0000unse/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=O'Donoghue |first=John |date=1860 |title=Historical Memoir of the O'Briens |publisher=Hodges Smith & Co. |location=Dublin |oclc=316665132 |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalmemoi00odogoog/ }}
• {{Cite book |last=O'Hart |first=John |author-link=John O'Hart |date=1892 |title=Irish Pedigrees: Or, the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation |edition=5th |volume=I |publisher=James Duffy & Co. |location=Dublin |oclc=7239210 |url=https://archive.org/details/irishpedigrees00unkngoog/ }} – Irish stem
• {{Cite book |last=Ohlmeyer |first=Jane H. |author-link=Jane Ohlmeyer |date=2001 |orig-date=1st pub. 1993 |title=Civil War and Restoration in the Three Stuart Kingdoms: The Career of Randal MacDonnell, Marquis of Antrim |edition=2nd |publisher=Four Courts Press |location=Dublin |isbn=1-85182-626-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YFciAQAAIAAJ }} – (Snippet view)
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Ohlmeyer |first=Jane H. |author-link=Jane Ohlmeyer |editor1-last=Matthew |editor1-first=Colin |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004 |title=MacCarthy, Donough, first earl of Clancarty (1594–1665) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=35 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=107–108 |isbn=0-19-861385-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/107/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Ohlmeyer |first=Jane H. |author-link=Jane Ohlmeyer |date=2012 |title=Making Ireland English: The Irish Aristocracy in the Seventeenth Century |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, Connecticut |isbn=978-0-300-11834-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHZYbeg-zeoC }} – (Preview)
• {{Cite thesis |last=Ó Siochrú |first=Micheál |date=1997 |title=Confederate Ireland 1642–1649: A Constitutional and Political Analysis |type=Ph.D. |publisher=Trinity College |location=Dublin |hdl=2262/77228 |url=http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/77228/ }} – (PDF downloadable from given URL)
• {{Cite journal |last=Ó Siochrú |first=Micheál |date=2005 |title=The Duke of Lorraine and the International Struggle for Ireland, 1649–1653 |journal=The Historical Journal |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=905–932 |doi=10.1017/S0018246X05004851 |jstor=4091642 |s2cid=159714186 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4091642 |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite journal |last=Ó Siochrú |first=Micheál |date=2007 |title=Atrocity, Codes of Conduct, and the Irish in the British Civil Wars 1641–1653 |journal=Past & Present |volume=195 |issue=195 |pages=55–86 |doi=10.1093/pastj/gtl029 |jstor=25096669 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25096669/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite web |last=Ó Siochrú |first=Micheál |editor1-last=McGuire |editor1-first=James |editor2-last=Quinn |editor2-first=James |date=October 2009a |title=Bellings (Bealing), Richard |website=Dictionary of Irish Biography |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/bellings-bealing-richard-a0568 |access-date=7 October 2021 }}
• {{Cite web |last=Ó Siochrú |first=Micheál |editor1-last=McGuire |editor1-first=James |editor2-last=Quinn |editor2-first=James |date=October 2009b |title=MacCarthy, Donough |website=Dictionary of Irish Biography |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/maccarthy-donough-a5129 |access-date=26 January 2022 }}
• {{Cite web |last=Ó Siochrú |first=Micheál |editor1-last=McGuire |editor1-first=James |editor2-last=Quinn |editor2-first=James |date=October 2009c |title=O'Brien, Sir Daniel |website=Dictionary of Irish Biography |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/obrien-sir-daniel-a6457 |access-date=28 June 2021 }}
• {{Cite web |last=Ó Siochrú |first=Micheál |editor1-last=McGuire |editor1-first=James |editor2-last=Quinn |editor2-first=James |date=October 2009d |title=Roche, David |website=Dictionary of Irish Biography |url=https://www.dib.ie/index.php/biography/roche-david-a7742 |access-date=3 August 2021 }}
• {{Cite web |last=Ó Siochrú |first=Micheál |editor1-last=McGuire |editor1-first=James |editor2-last=Quinn |editor2-first=James |date=October 2009e |title=Roche, Maurice |website=Dictionary of Irish Biography |url=https://www.dib.ie/index.php/biography/roche-maurice-a7750 |access-date=28 June 2021 }}
• {{Cite book |last=Pemsel |first=Helmut |translator-last=Smith |translator-first=D. G. |date=1977 |title=A History of War at Sea |publisher=The Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis |isbn=0-87021-803-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofwaratse0000pems/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Perceval-Maxwell |first=Michael |date=1994 |title=The Outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641 |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |location=Montreal |isbn=0-7735-1157-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OxfmaKA5L_0C }} – (Preview)
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Perceval-Maxwell |first=Michael |editor1-last=Matthew |editor-first=Henry Colin Gray. |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004 |title=Butler [née Preston] Elizabeth, duchess of Ormond and suo jure Lady Dingwall (1615–1684) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=9 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=130–131 |isbn=0-19-861359-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/130/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Pocock |first=John Greville Agard |author-link=J. G. A. Pocock |editor1-last=Bradshaw |editor1-first=Brendan |editor2-last=Morrill |editor2-first=John |date=1996 |title=The British Problem c. 1534–1707: State Formation in the Atlantic Archipelago |chapter=The Atlantic Archipelago and the War of the Three Kingdoms |pages=172–191 |publisher=MacMillan Education |location=London |doi=10.1007/978-1-349-24731-8_7 |isbn=978-0-333-59246-5 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-24731-8_7 }}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Pollard |first=Albert Frederick |author-link=Albert Pollard |editor-last=Lee |editor-first=Sidney |editor-link=Sidney Lee |date=1898 |title=Somerset, Edward (1601–1667) |encyclopedia=Dictionary of National Biography |volume=LIII |publisher=Smith, Elder, & Co. |location=London |page=232 |oclc=8544105 |url=https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfNationalBiographyVolume53/page/n244/ }}
• {{Cite journal |last=Prendergast |first=John Patrick |author-link=John Patrick Prendergast |date=1854 |title=The Surrender of Ross Castle, Killarney,22nd June 1652 |journal=Proceedings and Transactions of the Kilkenny and South-East of Ireland Archaeological Society |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=146–151 |jstor=25493639 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25493639 |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Prendergast |first=John Patrick |author-link=John Patrick Prendergast |date=1868 |title=The Cromwellian Settlement of Ireland |publisher=P. M. Haverty |location=New York |oclc=700629664 |url=https://archive.org/details/cromwelliansett02prengoog/ }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Quinn |last2=Nichols |editor-last1=Moody |editor-first1=Theodore William |editor1-link=Theodore William Moody |editor-last2=Martin |editor-first2=F. X. |editor2-link=F. X. Martin |editor-last3=Byrne |editor-first3=Francis John |editor3-link=Francis John Byrne |date=1976 |title=A New History of Ireland |volume=III |chapter=Chapter I: Ireland in 1534 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |pages=1–38 |isbn=978-0-19-820242-4 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofirel0000unse/page/n40/ |url=https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofirel0000unse/ |url-access=registration }} – 1534–1691
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Roberts |first=Stephen K. |editor1-last=Matthew |editor1-first=Colin |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004 |title=Somerset, Edward, 2nd Marquess of Worcester (d. 1667) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=51 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=577–581 |isbn=0-19-861401-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198614012/page/577/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite EB1911|last=Round |first=John Horace |author-link=John Horace Round |wstitle=Baronet |volume=3 |pages=423–424}}
• {{Cite book |last=Sainte-Beuve |first=Charles-Augustin |author-link=Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve |date=1878 |title=Port-Royal |edition=4th |volume=Tome deuxième |publisher=Hachette |location=Paris |language=fr |oclc=493070637 |url=https://archive.org/details/portroyal02sain/ }}
• {{Cite book |last=Sanford |first=George |date=2003 |title=Historical Dictionary of Poland |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham, Maryland |isbn=978-0-8108-6594-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000sanf/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Eva |date=1905 |title=The King in Exile. The Wanderings of Charles II from June 1646 to July 1654 |publisher=E. P. Dutton and Company |location=New York |oclc= |url=https://archive.org/details/kinginexilethewa028422mbp }}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Seaward |first=Paul |editor1-last=Matthew |editor1-first=Henry Colin Gray |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004 |title=Charles II |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=11 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=122–145 |isbn=0-19-861361-X |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_019861361x/page/122/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Seccombe |first=Thomas |author-link=Thomas Seccombe |editor-last=Lee |editor-first=Sidney |editor-link=Sidney Lee |date=1893 |title=MacCarthy or MacCarty, Donough, fourth Earl of Clancarty |encyclopedia=Dictionary of National Biography |volume=XXXIV |publisher=Smith, Elder, & Co. |location=London |pages=436–438 |oclc=8544105 |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio57stepgoog/page/n448/ }}
• {{Cite book |last=Simms |first=John Gerald |date=1986 |title=War and Politics in Ireland 1649–1730 |publisher=The Hambledon Press |location=London |isbn=0-907628-72-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/warpoliticsinire0000simm/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Smith (topographer) |date=1893 |orig-date=1st pub. 1750 |title=The Ancient and Present State of the County and City of Cork |volume=II |publisher=Guy and Co. |location=Cork |oclc=559463963 |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientandprese00socigoog/ }} – History
• {{Cite book |last=Street |first=Lucie |date=1988 |title=An Uncommon Sailor: A Portrait of Admiral Sir William Penn |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-312-01526-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/uncommonsailorpo00stre/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Alexander Martin |author-link=Alexander Martin Sullivan |date=1894 |title=The Story of Ireland |edition=New |publisher=M. H. Gill & Son |location=Dublin |oclc=1085325651 |url=https://archive.org/details/storyofireland00sull/ }}
• {{Cite web |last=Tomassetti |first=Stefano |editor-last=Romanelli |editor-first=Raffaele |date=2016 |title=Rinuccini, Giovanni Battista |website=Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani |volume=87 |language=it |url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/giovanni-battista-rinuccini_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/ |access-date=17 March 2021 }} – Online edition
• {{Cite journal |last=Townshend |first=Dorothea |date=1904 |title=The Irish Attack on Youghal in 1642 |journal=Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society |volume=10 |issue=62 |pages=100–102 |url=https://archive.org/details/journal04socigoog/page/n112/ }}
• {{Cite journal |last=Vigors |first=Philip D. |date=1896 |title=Rebellion 1641–2 Described in a Letter from Rev. Urban Vigors to Rev. Henry Jones |journal=Journal of the Cork Historical and Archeological Society |volume=II |series=2nd |pages=289–306 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bSd7AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA289 }}
• {{Cite book |last=Warner |first=Ferdinand |date=1768 |title=History of the Rebellion and Civil-War in Ireland |volume=II |publisher=James William |location=Dublin |oclc=82770539 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyrebellio01warngoog/ }} – 1643 to 1660 and index
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Wauchope |first=Piers |editor1-last=Matthew |editor1-first=Colin |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004 |title=MacCarthy, Justin, first Viscount Mountcashel (1643–1694) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=35 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=111–112 |isbn=978-0-19-861385-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613857/page/111/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Webb |first=Alfred |author-link=Alfred Webb |date=1878 |title=MacCarty, Donough, Viscount Muskerry, Earl of Clancarty |encyclopedia=Compendium of Irish Biography |publisher=M. H. Gill & Son |location=Dublin |page=303, right column |oclc=122693688 |url=https://archive.org/details/acompendiumiris00webbgoog/page/n311/ }}
• {{Cite book |last=Wedgwood |first=Cicely Veronica |date=1961 |title=Thomas Wentworth, First Earl of Strafford 1593–1641. A Revaluation |publisher=Jonathan Cape |location=London |oclc=1068569885 |url=https://archive.org/details/thomaswentworthf0000wedg/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite book |last=Wedgwood |first=Cicely Veronica |date=1978 |orig-date=1st pub. 1958 |title=The King's War 1641–1647 |publisher=Collins |location=London |isbn=0-00-211404-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/kingswar164116470000wedg/ |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite journal |last=Wells |first=Jennifer |date=2015 |title=English Law, Irish Trials and Cromwellian State Building in the 1650s |journal=Past & Present |volume=227 |issue=227 |pages=77–119 |doi=10.1093/pastj/gtv021 |jstor=24544866 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24544866 |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite journal |last=Westropp |first=Thomas Johnson |author-link=Thomas Johnson Westropp |date=1907 |title=The Principal Ancient Castles of the County Limerick: Part II Tudor Period |journal=The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=153–164 |jstor=25507604 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25507604 |url-access=registration }}
• {{Cite journal |last=Westropp |first=Thomas Johnson |author-link=Thomas Johnson Westropp |date=1908 |title=The Monastery of St. Brigid, Kilcrea, and the Castle of the MacCarthys |journal=Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society |volume=14 |issue=80 |pages=157–177 |url=https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1908/b1908-056.pdf }}
• {{Cite book |last=Wiggins |first=Kenneth |date=2001 |title=Anatomy of a Siege: King John's Castle, Limerick, 1642 |publisher=The Boydell Press |location=London |isbn=0-85115-827-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hmziLJnM0kwC }} – (Preview)
• {{Cite journal |last=Wood |first=Herbert |date=1935 |title=The titles of the chief governors of Ireland |journal=Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research |volume=13 |issue=37 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2281.1935.tb00065.x |url=https://academic.oup.com/histres/article-abstract/13/37/1/5694686 }}
• {{Cite book |last=Woolrych |first=Austin |author-link=Austin Woolrych |date=2002 |title=Britain in Revolution |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=0-19-820081-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/britaininrevolut00wool/ |url-access=registration }}

{{Refend}}

• [https://www.huntmuseum.com/collection/collection-items/hcp-004.aspx Portrait] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328235022/http://www.huntmuseum.com/collection/collection-items/hcp-004.aspx |date=28 March 2016 }} at the Hunt Museum, Limerick
• [http://bcw-project.org/biography/donough-maccarthy-viscount-muskerry Biography of Donough MacCarthy, Viscount Muskerry] online at the British Civil War Project

{{S-start}}

{{S-par|ie}}

{{S-bef|before=Dermod McCarthy
Andrew Barret}}

{{S-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for County Cork |with=Sir William St Leger |years=1634–1635}}

{{S-aft|after=Donough MacCarty
Sir William St Leger}}

{{S-bef|before=Donough MacCarty
Sir William St Leger}}

{{S-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for County Cork |with=Sir William St Leger |years=1640–1641}}

{{S-aft|after=Redmond Roche
Sir William St Leger}}

{{S-reg|ie}}

{{S-new|creation}}

{{S-ttl|title=Earl of Clancarty |creation=1st creation |years=1658–1665}}

{{S-aft|rows=2 |after=Charles James MacCarty}}

{{S-bef|before=Charles MacCarty}}

{{S-ttl|title=Viscount Muskerry |years=1641–1665}}

{{S-reg|sct-bt}}

{{S-new|creation}}

{{S-ttl|title=Baronet
(of Muskerry) |years={{Circa|1638}} – 1665}}

{{S-aft|after=Charles James MacCarty}}

{{S-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:MacCarty, Donough, 1st Earl of Clancarty}}

Category:1594 births

Category:1665 deaths

Category:Earls of Clancarty

Category:Irish generals

MacCarty, Donough

Category:Irish Roman Catholic Confederates

Category:MacCarthy dynasty

Category:Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Cork constituencies

MacCarthy

Category:Military personnel from County Cork